DR. LALIT KISHORE

Educational technology (ET) as a learning tool and

support system to classroom instruction

ET: View-point 1

ET is the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving professional performance of instructors and presenters by creating, using and managing appropriate technological devices , aids, systems, techniques, processes and resources.

ET: View-point 2

ET refers to material and manipulative objects of use to manage educational system and teaching, such as products, machines or hardware, but it can also encompass broader themes, including systems, processes, techniques, methods of organization of classroom.

ET: View-point 3

ET pertains to educational and psychological research into an evidence-based applied science or technology of learning or instruction with the help of design and use of tools and techniques.

ET: View-point 1

When ET encompasses instructional theory , it becomes instructional technology as a theory and practice of design, development, utilization, management, and evaluation of processes and resources for transacting various content learning segments of the proposed or prescrided curriculum.

Origin and emergence of ET

Educational technology in a way could be traced back to the emergence of very early tools, e.g., paintings on cave walls. But usually its history starts with educational film (1900s) or Sidney Pressey's mechanical teaching machines in the 1920s to emergent modern IT tools and internet.

ET as a discipline

It is a one of many disciplines devoted to techniques or ways to make learning more effective and efficient through the use of technology based on theories of teaching and learning as well as media psychology.

Educational Technology or Technology in education?

He two are not the same.Technology in education (TE) is the

application of technology to any of those processes involved in operating the institutions which house the educational enterprise.

TE includes the application of technology to food, health, finance, scheduling, grade reporting, and other processes which support education within institutions.

Definition of the Field -1 (in a more concise form)

Educational technology is the theory and practice of design, development, utilization, management, and evaluation of processes and resources for learning.

It is a discipline devoted to techniques or ways to make learning more efficient based on theory but theory in its broadest sense, not just scientific theory.

Field Definitions (2)

ET theory consists of concepts, constructs, principles, and propositions that serve as the body of knowledge for effective communication and presentation of learning material.

ET practice is the application of theoretical

knowledge to solve problems. Practice can also contribute to the knowledge base through information gained from experience in ET.

Remarks

Design, development, utilization, management, and evaluation refer to both areas (e.g. theory & practice) of the knowledge base and to functions performed by professional in the ET field.

The purpose of multimedia-resourced instruction technology is to affect and effect learning.

Training & Certification

Educational technology has guidelines for training and certification. There is a competency-based framework for training people who perform tasks in educational technology.

groups of specialties: 1) instructional program development, 2) media product development, 3) media management

levels of performance within the specialty: aide, technician, specialist.

Towards modern digital ET

For CBT and on-line learning, the instructor functions as the course designer first and foremost and divides learning contents into smaller chunks of text or learning episodes augmented with graphics, visuals and multimedia presentation. Frequent use of multiple choice questions through computer with immediate feedback are added for self-assessment and guidance in classroom instruction.