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小風英文教室

小風編輯

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介係詞

介係詞的用途

• 介係詞用以表達一事物與主要子句中另一事物之間的關係。介係詞與其補語（亦稱介係詞受詞）構成介係詞片語。

• The book is on the table.

• Tom is at home.

介係詞片語的構成

• 介係詞片語之補語可為：

• 名詞片語

• wh 名詞子句

• 現在分詞名詞子句

• 介係詞片語之補語不可為：

• that 名詞子句

• 不定詞子句

• 代名詞受格

介係詞片語的用途

• 介係詞片語可做以下用途：

• 後置修飾名詞

• The apples on the table are red.

• 狀語

• The meeting was held in this room.

• The meeting was held in the morning.

• 動詞補語

• The meeting was in this room.

• 形容詞補語

• I’m happy for you.

介係詞的種類

• 單字介係詞

• at, in, on, by, for, of, out, to, etc.

• 雙字介係詞（副詞／形容詞／連接詞＋介係詞）

• as for, away from, as of, because of, outside of, due to, contrary to,

thanks to, owing to, prior to, together with, etc.

• 三字介係詞（介係詞＋名詞＋介係詞）

• in case of, in place of, in need of, etc.

• in contact with, in comparison with, in line with, etc.

• by means of, by way of, etc.

• on behalf of, on top of, etc.

• as far as, at the expense of, in return for, in addition to, etc.

• 多字介係詞被視為一整體，可視為慣用用法，宜做一字記憶。

介係詞的意思

• 介係詞表達的概念包含：空間關係、時間關係、理由目的、方法工具、伴隨擁有、支持反對、讓步、例外、條件、著眼點等等。

• 介係詞的用途族繁不及備舉，本講義僅列出常見用法與用途，若遇到未涵蓋的介係詞或用法時，雖可以已知之意推敲，但仍請查閱字典以求詳確。

表示時間的介係詞

• 表示時間的介係詞主要有以下用法：

• 表示事件的時間

• 表示事件的長度

• 表示事件的起始與結束時間

• 表示事件與其他時間之先後關係

表示事件時間

• 當介係詞片語表示主要子句之事件時間時，依據事件時間的本質，分以下用法：

• 時間點或抽象概念之時間：at

• 時間區間：on, in, during

• 例句：

• Let’s meet at noon.

• Let’s meet on Monday.

• Let’s meet in the evening.

• Let’s meet during spring break.

表示事件時間

• at 表示單點時間或一抽象概念之時間。

• at noon, at 10:00 p.m.

• at Christmas, at that time, at night, at the same time

• 例句：

• Our class starts at 10:00 p.m.

• What do people do at Christmas?

• Nobody knows what was going on at that time.

• People usually sleep at night.

表示事件時間

• on 表示日期或日子。

• on Monday(s)

• on Christmas Day

• on Monday evening

• on the following morning

• 例句：

• He is leaving on Monday.

• He is leaving on Monday morning.

表示事件時間

• in 表示月份、季節、年份、世紀等較長時間，或表示一日內之時間區間。

• in March, in summer, in 2013, in the twentieth century

• in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in the night

• 例句：

• I was sick in the morning.

• It is not a good idea to travel in winter.

• 注意：若表示明定日子之時間，則使用 on 。

• （Ｏ）on Monday afternoon

• （Ｏ）in the afternoon

• （Ｘ）in Monday afternoon

表示事件時間

• during 亦表示月份、季節、年份、世紀等較長時間，或表示一日內之時間區間。

• during 強調過程與長度，而 in 強調發生的時間。

• 例句：

• We were traveling during July.

• We traveled in July.

• The restaurant is closed during summer vacation.

• The restaurant is closed in summer vacation.

• 若與一些字詞搭配，可表示該事件含括整段時間。

• He was sleeping during the whole meeting.

表示事件時間

• 若要以現在為基準點表示事件時間，過去事件使用副詞 ago 於時間長度後表示，未來事件使用 in + 時間長度表示。

• We met five weeks ago.

• We will meet in five weeks.

表示事件時間長度

• 當介係詞表示事件時間長度時，使用以下介係詞：

• for

• over, through, throughout

• for 單表事件之長度，而其餘三者皆強調事件涵蓋整段時間。

• 例句：

• I was out of town for the summer.

• He was playing video games over the weekend.


• for 表示事件時間長度。

• for the summer, for a month

• for three days, for five hours

• 例句：

• I have been studying for the summer.

• She has been waiting here for a month.

• He worked on it for five hours.


• over, through, throughout 強調事件涵蓋整段時間。而 over 較through, throughout 常用在較短的事件，或較特殊的時間的事件。throughout 較 through 更強調涵蓋之意，但兩字意義相同。

• over the weekend, over the holiday season

• through/throughout the year

• 例句：

• He was very happy throughout the year.

• I finished the project over the weekend.

表示事件起始與結束時間

• 使用以下介係詞表示事件起始與結束時間：

• from…to/till

• (from)…through

• 使用以下介係詞表示事件結束時間：

• until, till, up to

• 使用以下介係詞表示事件開始時間：

• since

表示事件起始與結束時間

• 表示持續性的事件之明確起始與結束時間時使用 from…to/till 或(from)…through。

• from April to October

• from April through October

• Monday through Friday

• 例句：

• We are open Monday through Friday.

• Our sales is from 12 a.m. to 12 p.m. on Black Friday.

• from…to/till 不一定包含 to 後之時間，美式英文為避免誤會有時選擇會使用 (from)…through。

表示事件結束時間

• until, till, up to, through（美）表示持續性的事件之結束時間。

• until dawn, till 12 p.m., up to November, through 2012

• 例句：

• A lot of Taiwanese people don’t go to bed until/till midnight.

• Students can register through the third week of class.

• until, till, up to 不一定包含結束之時間，而 through 則包含結束時間。注意：up to 在表示數量時，通常包含其補語表示之數量。

• You can buy up to three items per visit.

表示事件開始時間

• since 表示持續性的事件之開始時間。

• I have been looking for a job since graduation.

• The store has been open since 1969.

• Tom has been working in the fields since dawn.

• （？）I have been eating since 1969.

表示事件與其他時間之關係

• 表示一事件與其他時間之關係使用：

• before, after

• between…and

• by

• upon


• before, after 表示於另一時間或事件之前後，其意義與做從屬連接詞時一樣。

• You should go to bed before 12 a.m.

• Let’s go fishing after class.

表示事件與其他時間之先後關係

• between…and 表示事件時間的區間，但不同於 from…to 表示確切的起始時間與結束時間，事件不必然從頭到尾都一直發生。between…and 可用於暫時性的事件，而 from…to 通常用於持續性的事件。

• I’ll visit Tom between 6 p.m. and 9 p.m.

• I’ll be visiting Tom from 6 p.m. to 9 p.m.

• between 亦可單獨使用表示重複性事件之間的間隔。

• I usually take a nap between classes.


• by 表示一事件已然發生之時間，用於暫時性的事件。

• I’ll finish the homework by next Monday.

• He had already left by the time we knocked on his door.

• upon 表示兩事件同時發生，有時間副詞子句使用 when 的意思。upon 有時亦做 on。

• Upon reaching Taipei, I caught a cold.

• On reaching Taipei, I caught a cold.

表示事件時間而不用介係詞之場合

• 當時間已經 last, next, this, that 或 some, every 修飾時，或時間名詞本身帶有以上意思時，不使用介係詞 at, on, in，而直接以副詞之形式修飾主要子句。

• （Ｏ）I met him last Thursday/week/year/summer.

• （Ｏ）I’ll go to school today/tomorrow.

• （Ｘ）I’ll go to school on today/tomorrow.

• 注意：僅有不使用 at, in, on 時不會改變意思，其他介係詞則會造成語意被曲解。

• I will see you on Monday.

• I will see you Monday.

• I will see you before Monday.

• I will see you after Monday.

表示事件時間而不用介係詞之場合

• 當時間明確表明頻率時，不使用介係詞，而將時間與其頻率直接做一頻率副詞修飾主要子句。

• （Ｘ）I teach English on every Monday.

• （Ｏ）I teach English every Monday.

• （Ｏ）I teach English on Mondays.

• （Ｘ）I play computer games in three times a week.

• （Ｏ）I play computer games three times a week.

表示事件時間長度而不用介係詞之場合

• 當時間被 all 修飾時，不可使用介係詞 for，而直接以副詞之形式修飾該句。

• （Ｏ）I stayed up all the night.

• （Ｘ）I stayed up for all the night.

• （Ｏ）I stayed up for the whole night.

表示空間的介係詞

• 表示空間的介係詞主要有以下用法：

• 表示位置的介係詞

• 表示方向的介係詞

• 表示終點的介係詞

• 表示相對位置的介係詞

• 表示移動路徑的介係詞

表示位置的介係詞

• 表示位置的介係詞有：

• at, on, in

• away from, off, out of

• 表示位置的介係詞之選用取決於其位置之空間概念。

空間概念肯定否定

點、抽象 at away from

線、面 on off

空間、區域 in out of


• 位置為點、抽象概念時使用 at。中文有時做「在」解讀。

• The explorers are now at the South Pole.

• The train is at Taichung Station.

• Can we meet at your office later?

• Tom is not at home. He is at school.


• 位置為線、面時使用 on。中文有時做「在…上」解讀。

• The convenience store is on Green Street.

• Tamsui is located on the northern coast of Taiwan.

• I saw a car accident on my way to school.

• The book is on the table.

• Please show your results on your screen.

• Posting advertisements on this wall is prohibited.

• Mary is sitting on the chair.


• 位置為空間、區域時使用 in。中文有時做「在…裡」解讀。

• Tom is playing in the playground.

• There are many unbelievable things in the world.

• The criminal is hiding in this house.

• I store cookies in cookie jars.

• Can you put some salt in the soup?

• I was traveling in Asia during winter.

• I lived in Taipei for a long time.

• I held the bird in my hands.

否定位置的介係詞

• away from 表 not at 之意。

• Tom is not at home.

• Tom is away from home.

• off 表示 not on 之意。

• The book is not on the table.

• The book is off the table.

• out of 表示 not in 之意。

• Tom is not in town.

• Tom is out of town.



線、面 on off



參考位置

描述之位置



線、面 on off



• upon 表示位置時，與 on 意義相同而可替換，特別在表示高處物體時。

• There is a bird on the roof.

• There is a bird upon the roof.

• inside, outside 表示位置時，與 in, out of 意義相同，而可替換。

• She is in the car.

• She is inside the car.

• She is out of the car.

• She is outside the car.


• within 在有些情況與 in 意義相同而可替換，但若其後所接不為地點，而為一尺度所劃出的空間，則不可替換為 in。

• （Ｏ） The ball is within the box.

• （Ｏ） The ball is in the box.

• （Ｏ）There are two robberies within three blocks.

• （Ｘ）There are two robberies in three blocks.

AT, ON, IN 用法比較

• There are apples on the tree.

• There are birds in the tree.

• She is at school. 表示她在學校。

• She is in school. 表示她有在上學。

• She is in the school. 表示她在學校的建築裡。

• The basketball is on the grass.

• The coin is in the grass.

• The plane arrived at Taipei yesterday.

• I arrived in Taipei yesterday.

AT, ON, IN 用法比較

• Farmers are working in the fields.

• Soccer players are practicing on the fields.

• Let’s get in the car.

• Let’s get out of the car.

• Let’s get on/in the plane/train/boat.

• Let’s get off/out of the plane/train/boat.

表示終點的介係詞

• 表示方向的介係詞有：

• to, on(to), in(to)

• (away) from, off, out of

• 表示終點的介係詞之選用取決於其位置之空間概念。


點、抽象 to (away) from

線、面 on(to) off

空間區域 in(to) out of


• 終點為點、抽象概念時使用 to。中文有時做「到」解讀。

• Tom goes to school everyday.

• She went to Taipei in 2012.

• Did you go to class yesterday?


• 終點為面、線時使用 on, onto。中文有時做「到…上」解讀。

• The computer fell onto the ground.

• The bird flew onto the roof.

• 終點為空間、區域時使用 in, into。中文有時做「進」解讀。

• She ran into the house.

• Bob jumped into the pool.


• (away) from 之方向與 to 相反。

• She ran away from the building.

• She came from school.

• onto 之方向與 off 相反。

• The book fell off the table.

• into 之方向與 out of 相反。

• The ball was taken out of the box.

• The ball was put into the box.

• The camera fell out of my hands.

• She ran out of the building.



線、面 on(to) off

空間區域 in(to) out of



線、面 onto off

空間、區域 into out of


參考位置

描述之物體

行進之方向

表示終點與位置之介係詞之區別

• 表示終點之介係詞通常與表示「動態」之動詞使用，表示位置之介係詞雖無此限，但通常與表示「狀態」之動詞使用。

• I went to Taipei.

• I am at Taipei.

• The computer fell onto the ground.

• The computer is on the ground.

• Bob jumped into the pool.

• Bob is in the pool.

• 口語除特別強調 onto 與 into 之方向性以外，onto 與 into 之概念時常僅以 on 與 in 表示。

表示位置與終點的介係詞肯定否定

位置終點位置終點

點、抽象

at to away from (away) from

線、面

on on(to) off off

空間區域

in in(to) out of out of

參考位置

描述之物體

行進之方向

表示方向或目的地的介係詞

• towards 為表示方向的介係詞，但並不表示必然抵達。for 表示目的地。

• He left towards the north.

• He drove towards New York.

• He left for New York three weeks ago.

• to 與現在進行一起使用時，語意亦表此意。

• He is driving to New York now.

表示相對位置的介係詞

• 表示相對位置的介係詞有以下意思：

• 表示上下

• 表示前後

• 表示近旁

• 表示面對面

• 表示被包夾或包圍

• 表示包夾或包圍


• 表示上下的介係詞：

• 上：above, over, on top of

• 下：below, under, beneath, underneath

• above 與 below 分別表示一物較另外一物的高度高與低。兩物之間不必近鄰。

• Our plane is flying above the clouds.

• The clouds are below our plane.

• The observatory of Taipei 101 is above the shopping mall.

• The shopping mall of Taipei 101 is below the observatory.


• 表示上下的介係詞：

• 上：above, over, on top of

• 下：below, under, beneath, underneath

• over 與 under 分別表示一物在另外一物之上或下。通常用來表示鄰近的上下關係。

• The table cloth is over the table.

• The table is under the table cloth.

• Gophers live under the ground.

• There is fog over the fields.

• There are clouds above the fields.


• over, above 與 under, below 之意義非常相似，有時亦可通用，但有以下微小區別：

• over, under 通常表示較近、正上、正下之事物。

• above, below 通常表示高度的高低。

• over 與 above 互為反義字，而 under 與 below 互為反義字。

• The table cloth is over the table.

• The table is under the table cloth.

• Our plane is flying above the clouds.

• The clouds are below our plane.


• on top of 意思與 over 相似，但更有緊鄰的概念。

• They carried a bed frame on top of their car.

• A bird is standing on top of the flag pole.

• beneath 與 underneath 與 under 意思相同，通常有鄰近的意思。又以 beneath 較為正式。

• The book is under the table.

• The book is underneath the table.

• The book is beneath the table.


• 表示前後的介係詞：

• 前：in front of, before

• 後：behind, after

• in front of 與 behind 有前面與後面之意。其互為反義字。

• He is standing in front of me.

• I am standing behind him.

• Be polite in front of strangers.

• A squirrel is hiding behind the tree.


• 表示前後的介係詞：

• 前：in front of, before

• 後：behind, after

• before 與 after 的意義與 in front of 與 behind 相似，但較為少見，通常用在順序上或對象很重大時，其餘一般情況使用 in

front of 與 behind 即可。

• I am standing before this great painting.

• The security check point is before the gates.


• 表示近旁的介係詞：

• by, beside, with, near (to), close to, next to

• by, near (to), close to 表示靠近、附近的意思。

• He is sitting by the statue.

• He lives near (to) my house.

• He lives close to my house.

• beside, next to 表示正旁邊的意思。

• The convenience store is beside the drug store.

• The convenience store is next to the drug store.

• with 表示一起的意思。

• I saw Tom sitting with Mary.


• 表示面對面的介係詞：

• opposite (to)

• opposite 表示面對面或是對面的事物。

• His is sitting opposite (to) me.

• His house is opposite (to) mine.


• 表示被包夾、包圍的介係詞：

• between, among, amongst, amid, amidst

• between 通常表示兩個物體之間的位置。

• My house is between 4th Street and 5th Street.

• I am standing between the host and the audience.

• between 亦表示多個獨特而特定的物體之間的位置。

• （Ｏ）Taoyuan County is between New Taipei City, Hsinchu

County, and Ilan County.

• （Ｘ）Taoyuan County is among New Taipei City, Hsinchu

County, and Ilan County.


• 表示被包夾、包圍的介係詞：

• between, among, amongst, amid, amidst

• among, amongst, amid, amidst 表示非特定的物體之間的空間。

• The barn is located among corn fields.

• The thief is among the crowd.

• amongst 與 among 為通同字；amid 與 amidst 為通同字。amid 較 among 更為正式。


• 表示包夾或包圍的介係詞：

• around, round

• around, round 表示圍繞一物的位置或動作。其意義相同。

• People were sitting (a)round the basketball court.

• around, round 亦表示「附近」的意思。

• The convenience store is (a)round the supermarket.

• There were a couple crime alerts (a)round here last week.

表示相對終點的介係詞

• 表示相對終點介係詞：

• over, under, behind, in front of

• 其意義與表示相對位置時相同。

• Please put the table cloth over the table.

• The ball rolled under the table.

• The squirrel went behind the tree.

• The squirrel went in front of the tree.

表示移動路徑的介係詞

• 表示經過、穿過、穿越的介係詞：

• past, across, through

• over, under, behind

• 表示順著、跨越某個方向的介係詞：

• up, down, along, across


• 表示經過、越過、穿越的介係詞：

• past, across, through

• past 表示經過一個點。

• He went past me.

• The bus driver drove past the bus stop.

• across 表示越過一線或是一平面。

• Tom went across the street.

• Tom drove across the fields.

• through 表示穿越一立體空間。

• We went through the woods.

• The baseball flew through the window.


• 表示穿過、穿越的介係詞：

• over, under, behind

• over 表示從上方經過。

• Our airplane flew over the Pacific Ocean.

• under 表示從下方經過

• The ball rolled under the table.

• behind 表示從後方經過。

• A bee flew behind you.

• under 與 behind 有時意義上易與表示相對位置時混淆，需依前後文或常理判斷。


• 表示順著、跨越某個方向的介係詞：

• up, down, along

• up, down 表示沿著垂直的方向的物體移動。

• The thief climbed up the ladder.

• The thief went down the stairs.

• along 表示沿著水平方向的物體移動。

• If you walk along this street, you will see the Hoover Theater

on your right.

表示與說者相對位置的介係詞

• 許多表示相對終點、路徑的介係詞，亦可表示與說者的相對位置，表示只要透過該介係詞表達的概念的行動以後，就可以達到所描述的地方。

• I live across the street.

• There are no gas stations past the village.

• The service department is up the stairs.

• The plane is over the Pacific Ocean.

• 此類介係詞亦可用在從特定角度出發所能達到的地點。出發的地點使用 from 表示。

• I live across the street from the department store.

表示遍佈的介係詞

• 表示遍佈的介係詞：

• over, throughout

• along, around

• over 表示在一維或二維空間的地方遍佈。

• There are snow (all) over my car.

• There are clothes (all) over the ground.

• throughout 表示在二維或三維空間的地方遍佈。

• The good news spread throughout the country quickly.

空間介係詞的抽象用法

• 許多表示空間的介係詞都有抽象的意義，其抽象意義通常與具體意義有一定關連性，但仍須一些「想像力」來理解這些用法。

• 此節的中文解釋皆不精確，亦有許多用法未列出，如有不周歡迎來信告知，讓我們補齊。

• 此類介係詞用法繁多，在此僅列出常見用法，若有建議歡迎來信。


• in/out of 表示在一個情況、狀態之中／外

• He is in a bad situation.

• He is out of danger for now.

• The situation is out of control.

• into/out of 表示進入／脫離一個情況、狀態

• Mary got into a quarrel with Tom yesterday.

• She wants to get out of trouble as soon as she can.

表示位置、起始點的介係詞

• in/on 在團體、一組人中，其 in/on 之選擇為慣用法。

• Which character do you like the best in the movie?

• I was in a choir last year.

• Who is on your defense committee?

• to/from 表示接收者、給予者

• I received a book from Tom.

• I gave a book to Tom.

表示相對上下的介係詞

• above/under 表示抽象的高低

• The temperature is usually above 30 Celcius during summer

in Taiwan.

• The food is above average.

• A lot of people in United States live under the poverty line.


• under 表示隸屬、從屬的概念

• I work under Professor Brown.

• under 表示（經歷中的）過程

• The guy is under suspicion.

• The building is under construction.


• up/down 表示抽象的上下移動

• He moved up the social ladder.

表示路徑的介係詞

• beyond/past/over 表示超過、超越

• The answer is beyond imagination.

• The situation is past hope.

• Cheer up! It is over the worst.

• through 表示經歷、體驗

• I went through all the hassle after a car accident before.

• I went through the article we talked about yesterday.

表示被包圍的介係詞

• between/among 表示兩物或多物之間的事情

• Please keep the secret among us.

• There was a fight between them.

其他介係詞

• 表示理由動機

• 表示目標來源

• 表示方式方法工具

• 表示伴隨擁有

• 表示支持反對

• 表示讓步

• 表示例外

• 表示條件

• 表示著眼點

表示理由、原因、動機、目的的介係詞

• 表示理由、原因的介係詞：

• because of, on account of（正式）

• from, through

• 表示動機的介係詞：

• for, out of

• 表示目的、目的地的介係詞：

• for

• 表示理由、原因的介係詞：

• because of, on account of（正式）

• from, through

• 例句：

• The internet was down because of a broken wire.

• On account of bad weather, our flight was canceled.

• The thief was caught from stealing money.

• The computer was broken through the owners carelessness.

表示理由、原因的介係詞

表示動機的的介係詞

• 表示動機的介係詞：

• for, out of

• 例句：

• He donated all his income to charity out of kindness.

• He did not tell the truth for fear.

表示目的的介係詞

• 表示目的、目的地的介係詞：

• for

• 例句：

• He stopped for a drink.

• Not everybody works for money.

• The advertisement for the product is excellent.

• The robot is for cleaning hard floors.

• He left for New York.

表示目標、來源的介係詞

• 表示目標、收件人的介係詞：

• for, to, at

• 表示來源的介係詞：

• from



• at, for, to

• at 表示目標、標的

• The pretty girl smiled at me.

• We aimed at being the best.

• The soldier aimed at the enemy.



• at, for, to

• for 表示意圖的接收人：

• The mouse is designed for left-handed people.

• This mouse is for you.

• to 表示實際的接收人，通常搭配有移動意思的動詞：

• I have given the mouse to him.

• I bought the gift for him, but I gave it to you.


• 表示來源的介係詞：

• from

• 例句：

• I came from Taiwan.

• This chocolate is from Belgium.

表示方式、方法、工具的介係詞

• 表示方式的介係詞：

• in … manner

• like, with

• 表示方法、工具的介係詞：

• by, through

• with, without

• 表示被動動詞的執行者的介係詞：

• by



• in … manner

• like, with

• in … manner 表示「以…的方式」，其間所夾的詞為形容詞。

• The dish was prepared in a traditional manner.

• The dish was prepared traditionally.



• in … manner

• like, with

• like 表示「類似於…的方式」

• She spoke like a professional.

• with 表示「以…的方式」、「帶著」

• The hotel staff talked to us with respect.

• The hotel staff talked to us respectfully.



• by, through

• with, without

• by 表示方法：

• I go to school by bus.

• We kept in touch by/through email.

• through 表示透過的方法：

• The spies communicated through secret codes.

• We kept in touch through email.



• by, through

• with, without

• with, without 表示工具：

• The tree was cut with an axe.

• I made the slides with PowerPoint.

• I prepared the dish without a pot.


• 表示被動動詞的執行者的介係詞：

• by

• 例句：

• All homework was graded by me.

• The restaurant was shut down by the officials.

表示伴隨的介係詞

• 表示伴隨的介係詞：

• with

• 例句：

• The meal comes with a drink.

• Would you like to come with us?

表示支持反對的介係詞

• 表示支持的介係詞：

• for, with

• 表示反對的介係詞：

• against

• for, with 表示支持：

• We are all with you.

• The political party is for the budget plan.

• against 表示反對：

• Everybody is against you.

• The other political party is against the budget plan.

表示擁有的介係詞

• 表示擁有的介係詞：

• with, of

• with 表示擁有：

• A man with knowledge is able to solve the problem.

• of 表示擁有特質：

• He is a man of courage.

介係詞 WITH

• 介係詞 with 有表示：

• 伴隨

• 支持

• 擁有

• 使用的方法／工具

表示讓步的介係詞

• 表示讓步 (concession) 的介係詞：

• in spite of, despite

• for all, with all

• notwithstanding（正式）

• in spite of, despite 表示讓步，有「即使」的意思，又以despite 較正式：

• Despite his hard work, he failed the course.

• In spite of his hard work, he failed the course.

表示讓步的介係詞

• 表示讓步的介係詞：

• in spite of, despite

• for all, with all

• notwithstanding（正式）

• for all, with all 較為口語：

• For all skills he has, he still couldn’t fix the computer.

• With all skills he has, he still couldn’t fix the computer.

表示例外的介係詞

• 表示例外的介係詞：

• except (for), with the exception of, excepting, excluding, but

• apart from, aside from

• save（正式、不常見）

• 例句：

• Everybody except (for) you cannot come in.

• but 的用法與做連接詞時相似，不能至於句首：

• （Ｏ）He hates anyone but you.

• （Ｘ）But you he hates anyone.

表示例外的介係詞

• 表示例外的介係詞：

• except (for), with the exception of, excepting, excluding, but

• apart from, aside from

• save（正式、不常見）

• 例句：

• The flight was nice apart/aside from the turbulence.

表示追加的介係詞

• 表示追加的介係詞：

• besides, in addition to

• as well as

• plus

• besides, in addition to 有「除此之外」之意，介係詞之前之事物為追加者。例句：

• The meal comes with an apple pie besides a drink.

• There were two witnesses present in additional to the suspect

and the victim.

表示追加的介係詞

• 表示追加的介係詞：

• besides, in addition to

• as well as

• plus

• as well as 表示「既…又…」：

• I like ice-cream as well as pastries.

• plus 所接之受詞為追加者：

• The book is $9.99 plus tax.

表示否定條件的介係詞

• 表示否定條件的介係詞：

• but for

• but for 表示「要不是…」，較少見：

• We would have gone out but for the bad weather.

表示著眼點的介係詞

• 表示著眼點的介係詞：

• with reference to, with regard to, re

• regarding, with respect to, in respect of, respecting, on the

matter of, about, concerning

• as to, with regard to, as regards

• as for

• according to



• with reference to, with regard to, re

• regarding, with respect to, in respect of, respecting, on the

matter of, about, concerning

• 以上介係詞較正式，如教課書或商業書信。

• 例句：

• Derive the derivative of 𝑥2 with respect to 𝑥.

• With reference to your inquiry, we apologize that we are still

unable to provide the shipping date.



• as to, with regard to, as regards

• as for

• as to, with regard to, as regards 表示「關於」：

• As to the proposal you made in the last email, I think it could

be greatly improved.

• as for 表示「至於」轉移話題，不直接使用：

• I had a great day yesterday. As for the movie, I didn’t like it

much.

• 直接使用 as for 有輕視之意。



• according to

• according to 表示「根據」：

• According to the weather report, it is going to rain today.

介係詞 OF

• 介係詞 of 有「屬於」的概念。

• A of B 主要有以下三種意義：

• 從屬：A 為 B 所屬的一部分。

• 性質：B 為 A 的性質。

• 數量：A 為 B 的數量。

介係詞 OF



• 從屬：A 為 B 所屬的一部分。意思與「的」相似。



• 例句：

• A statue is standing in the middle of the courtyard.

• The cap of the bottle is missing.

• The design of the product needs improvement.

• A part of the plan is to launch a space shuttle to the Moon.

介係詞 OF






• 例句：

• A statue of copper is standing in the middle of the courtyard.

• He is from the Department of Mathematics.

介係詞 OF






• 例句：

• Most of the students in our class are smart.

• One of my books is missing.

• A few of my friends are working in the industry.

介係詞片語做補語

• 補充說明動詞或形容詞使用之介係詞如下：

• 表示主題：about/on

• 表示材料：with/of/out of

• 表示原料：from

• 表示標準：for/at

• 表示對象：at/to

• 雖有些介係詞與動詞組和為固定用法，但其用法通常有跡可尋。

• 此類介係詞用法繁多，在此僅列出常見用法，歡迎來信補充。

表示主題的介係詞

• about/on 用於修飾動詞所關心的主題：

• They talked about the fact.

• Have you heard about the disaster?

• I read about the disaster.

• The man spoke about/on environmental issues.

• I wrote a book about/on English grammar.

• Can you think about/of more possibilities?

• about/on 的選擇因動詞而定，需查明。

• 有時也會看到 concerning 做此用途。

表示材料／原料的介係詞

• with 表示材料：

• I made the cake with flour and sugar.

• The building is built with bricks.

• of/out of 表示主要的材料：

• The table is made of/out of wood.

• Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.

• from 表示原料（經過處理後）：

• I made the cake from scratch.

• Paper is made from wood.

表示標準的介係詞

• 形容事物時，可使用 for/at 表示該形容的標準、著眼點。

• for 用以描述「標準」。

• at 用以描述形容的著眼點。

• 例句：

• He is good.

• He is good at playing piano.

• He is pretty mature.

• He is pretty mature for a high school student.

表示對象的介係詞

• at 表示感官或情緒的對象：

• I’m looking at you.

• I was surprised at his reactions.

• He was disgusted at the liar.

• to 表示事物的對象：

• His reaction was a surprise to me.

• What he said sounds like a lie to me.

參考資料

• Betty Schrampfer Azar, Understanding and using English

grammar, Third Edition, 2006, Longman

• Sidney Greenbaum, The Oxford English Grammar, First

Edition, 1996, Oxford University Press

• Randolph Quirk et al., A Comprehensive Grammar of the

English Language, 1985, Longman Group Limited

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