ee-cs r and d in india
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EE-CS R and D in India. U. B. Desai SPANN Lab Department of Electrical Engineering IIT-Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400076 India http://ee.iitb.ac.in/~spann. EE-CS R & D in India. Daunting task, simply because the canvas is too vast Will provide highlights … - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
EE-CS EE-CS R and D in IndiaR and D in India
U. B. DesaiU. B. Desai
SPANN LabSPANN LabDepartment of Electrical Department of Electrical
EngineeringEngineeringIIT-BombayIIT-Bombay
Powai, Mumbai 400076Powai, Mumbai 400076IndiaIndia
http://ee.iitb.ac.in/~spannhttp://ee.iitb.ac.in/~spann
July 18, 2004 2
EE-CS R & D in IndiaEE-CS R & D in India
Daunting task, simply because the canvas Daunting task, simply because the canvas is too vast is too vast
Will provide highlights …Will provide highlights …
Likely to miss out on some key activities Likely to miss out on some key activities
July 18, 2004 3
• 3.28 million sq kilometers• 35 States and Union Territories• Population: 1,028,610,328• No. of Households: 193,579,954• Avg. No. of persons per household: 5.3 • No. of Villages: 638,588• No. of Towns 6161
As per 2001 Census
• GDP: $650 billion• Per Capita income: $534• India’s economy ranked 120 w.r.t. per capita GDP• But ranked 4 if one considers PPP (purchasing power parity); after US, China and Japan
As per July 2005
July 18, 2004 4
R n D Organizations
inIndia
Academic Institutions
IndustryISRO
(Space Research Centers)
Department ofAtomic Energy
DRDODefense Research
Centers
July 18, 2004 5
Academic OrganizationsAcademic Organizations
NITs (National Institute of Technology), Other IIITs (Allahbad,Ahemdabad, …), BIT-Mesra, Anna Univ., Other Univs., and Private Colleges, …
CDAC, BITS-Pilani, IIITs (Hyderabad, Bangalore)
TIFR, IISc, Seven IITs, ISI-Cal, Inst. of Math Sci.
July 18, 2004 6
MHRDMinistry of Human
Resource Development
Industry
Department ofAtomic Energy
DRDODefense Research
Dev. Org.
Sources of Research Funding
for AcademicInstitutions
ISROIndian Space
Research Org.
DST Department of
Science and Tech
MICTMinistry of Info.
And Comm. Tech.
DSIRDept. of Sci. and
Indust. Res.
July 18, 2004 7
Two Exceptional Two Exceptional Achievements: Made Achievements: Made
Worldwide ImpactWorldwide Impact1.1. Manindra Agrawal, CSE Dept. Manindra Agrawal, CSE Dept.
IIT-Kanpur IIT-Kanpur Discovered a Discovered a polynomial timepolynomial time
deterministic algorithm to test if an deterministic algorithm to test if an input number is prime or not. input number is prime or not.
Solved a long standing problem on Solved a long standing problem on polynomial test for primalitypolynomial test for primality
Two B.Tech. students form IITK were Two B.Tech. students form IITK were involved with this work.involved with this work.
July 18, 2004 8
Two Exceptional Achievements …Two Exceptional Achievements …
2.2. Ashok Jhunjhunwala Ashok Jhunjhunwala EE Dept. IIT-MadrasEE Dept. IIT-Madras
Developed Wireless Developed Wireless local loop (WLL) local loop (WLL) technology -- CorDECTtechnology -- CorDECT
Incubated companies Incubated companies which markets this which markets this products worldwide -- products worldwide -- particularly in particularly in developing countries developing countries (Africa, Middle East)(Africa, Middle East)
Extensively deployed Extensively deployed in rural Indiain rural India
Various services on Various services on the CorDECT pipethe CorDECT pipe
Rural ATM
CorDECT
July 18, 2004 9
Leadership in
Research and
Development
Theory,Algorithms,
…
TechnologyDevelopment
Publicationsat International
Forums
Partnershipwith Industries
Incubate Companies
R and D Vision at Academic Institutions
July 18, 2004 10
Country
No.
am
on
g t
op 1
%
of c
ited p
ap
ers
Per c
apit
a
R&
D
ex
pen
dit
ure
(U
S $
)
R&
D e
xpendit
ure
per t
op c
ited p
ap
er
(U
S$
mil
lion)
NO
. of t
op p
apers
per $
Mil
lion
ex
pen
dit
ure o
n R
&D
Ex
pendit
ure p
er
scie
nti
st
(U
S $
000s)
Scie
nti
sts
per m
illi
on
popu
lati
on
USA 23723 705 8.4 2. 85 230 4099
England 4831 450 5.6 172 2666
Japan 2609 978 6.1 0.65 192 5095
Canada 2165 476 6.8 3.55 160
China 375 12 4.0 16
Australia 1049 285 5.2 85 3353
India 205 5.5 2.7 0.45 35 157
South Korea 294 241 3.9 0.73 104 2319
Israel 568 720 7.6 410
Brazil 188 56 5.1 36
No. among Top 1% of Cited Papers
Per CapitaR&D Expenditure(US$)
R&D Expenditureper top citedPaperUS$ million
ExpenditurePer scientist(US$ 000)
ScientistPer millPopulation
Source: UNESCO Statistical year Book, 1999; R. Chidambaram, Current Science, 25 March 2005
R & D Expenditure
July 18, 2004 11
Info. Thy and Coding
Signal Processing Comm. Networks
Wireless Communication
Space-Time Signal Processing
Speech Processing
Network Security
Optical Comm.
Cryptography
VLSI
Computer Vision
Multimedia
Biomedical SignalProcessing
Pattern Recog.
Sensor Networks
RFID
Ultra Wideband(UWB)
Communication and ElectronicsNextGen Wireless
802.16 4G
Nanotechnology
Devices
Embedded Systems
July 18, 2004 12
LanguageTechnologies
Bioinformatics
Theoretical CS Soft Computing
MobileComputing
Distributed Computing
CompilersDatabases
AndWeb Technology
Machine Translation
Human ComputerInteraction
Computer Vision
Computer Graphics
Ad Hoc Networks
Ubiquitous Computing
Computer Science& Engineering
Grid Computing Software Engrg. Digital LibraryMachine Learning
Intelligent Systems
July 18, 2004 13
Signal Processing Comm. Networks
Wireless Communication
• Thrust is on• Denoising Algorithms• Wavelets• Channel Modeling• Coding, receiver algorithms • Basically --- Physical Layer
• Protocols• QoS• MAC • Stochastic Network Traffic Modeling
July 18, 2004 14
Space-Time Signal Processing
NextGen Wireless
802.16 4G
• Simulations for 802.16 (WiMax)• Space-time codes for 802.16de• Development of “Indian” profiles for 4G (led by CeWIT at IITM)• Multiuser Detection • Cross layer optimization
Info. Thy and Coding
July 18, 2004 15
Sensor Networks
RFID
Ultra Wideband(UWB)
• Mulithop, fault tolerant and energy efficient protocols• Collaborative signal processing• Lab. test bed
• Some beginnings
July 18, 2004 16
Computer Vision
Multimedia
Pattern Recog.
• Multimedia• transcoding• media over wireless
• Computer Vision and Graphics• gesture recognition• super-resolution• motion analysis• Rendering• Virtual Reality
Computer Graphics
July 18, 2004 17
Network Security
Cryptography
• A thrust area for ministry• Encryption Algorithms• Elliptic curves based cryptography• RF based security for Wireless LANs
July 18, 2004 18
Speech Processing
LanguageTechnologies
• Speech Recognition • Speech to SMS (CSR Lab. of Tata Infotech)• Machine Translation from Telugu, Kanada, Marathi, Punjabi, Bengali to to Hindi (IIIT-Hyd)• Domain specific search engines (e.g. Cricket) (IIIT-Hyd)
July 18, 2004 19
• Graph Partitioning• Graph Drawing Algorithms• Complexity Theory in the Algebraic Model• Parallel algorithms • Enumerative Combinatorics
Theoretical CS
July 18, 2004 20
Distributed Computing Soft Computing
Databases And
Web Technology
• Novel architectures (extended hypercube)• Distributed information representation• distributed client server information systems
• Cased base reasoning• Genetic, Fuzzy and Neural-net algos.• Probabilistic support vector machines• Unsupervised learning
• Query processing, indexing, and caching in data-warehouses and data marts. • Parallel databases, and real-time databases • GIS• Transaction processing and recovery • Web-interfaces to databases
July 18, 2004 21
MobileComputing
Ad Hoc Networks
• Energy efficient routing algorithms• Seamless handoff between GSM and WiFi• Mobile agents based wireless networking• Wireless protocols for 802.16e, 802.11, …
July 18, 2004 22
Machine Learning
Intelligent Systems
Machine Translation
• Universal networking language• Combinatorial and stochastic methods in machine learning• Semantics and Verification
July 18, 2004 23
Product DevelopmentProduct Development IISc, all ITTs, BITs, etc. IISc, all ITTs, BITs, etc.
have have Business IncubatorsBusiness Incubators
IITMIITM IISc -- SID (Soc. for IISc -- SID (Soc. for
Innovation and Innovation and Development)Development)
IITKgp - STEP IITKgp - STEP IITD -- FIST IITD -- FIST IITB – SINEIITB – SINE IITK – SIICIITK – SIIC ……
Proucts in the market:Proucts in the market: Simputer – IIScSimputer – IISc PARAM Computer fromPARAM Computer from CDACCDAC CorDECT – IITMCorDECT – IITM Rural ATM – IITMRural ATM – IITM Indian Language Indian Language
software tools package software tools package (CDAC, Chennai (CDAC, Chennai Kavigal, …)Kavigal, …)
……
July 18, 2004 24
1981-1982 1991-1992 2001-2002 2002-2003
Total enrolment 3,000000 5,270000 8,821000 9,227833
Intake in Engineering
28,500 66,600 359, 723 692,087
No of Engrg. colleges
158 337 1208
All colleges 4886 7592 13,150
Faculty Strength 199,904 264,000 351,000
Ph.D.s awarded 6080 8743 11,450
Ph.D.s in Engineering
139 299 739
Higher Education Expenditure: % GDP
1.0 0.46 0.40
Students, Faculty and Colleges
July 18, 2004 25
Int. Int. Journal Journal PublicatioPublicationsns
Int. Conf. Int. Conf. PublicatioPublicationsns
Comp. Sci.Comp. Sci.
&&
Engrg. Engrg.
~ 150~ 150 ~ 300 ~ 300
Comm., Comm., Signal Signal Process. & Process. & Micro. Micro. Electro.Electro.
~ 300~ 300 ~ 400~ 400
No. of No. of FacultyFaculty
No. of No. of Ph.D. /yrPh.D. /yr
No. of No. of M.Tech./yrM.Tech./yr
Comp. Sci. & Comp. Sci. & Engrg.Engrg.
250-275250-275 ~ 30~ 30 ~ 500~ 500
Comm. Sig. Comm. Sig. Proc. and Proc. and
MicroelectroniMicroelectronicscs
350-400350-400 ~ 50~ 50 900-1000900-1000
Nat. Nat. Conf.Conf.
Int. Conf.Int. Conf.
CSECSE 3-43-4 2-42-4
CSP-MuECSP-MuE 4-54-5 3-53-5
Manpower and Output
July 18, 2004 26
Many multinationals, which include Microsoft, Motorola, Lucent, Google, IBM, TI, Analog Devices, Philips, Sony, Erickson, HP, Intel, Nokia etc. have already opened their R&D centers in the country. These centers are over and above their regular development centers.
John F. Welch
“India is a developing country but it is a developed country as far as its intellectual infrastructure is concerned. We get the highest Intellectual capital per dollar”
July 18, 2004 27
Riardo Giacconi, a Nobel Laureate in Physics, “A scientist is like a painter. Michelangelo became a great artist, because he had been given a wall to paint. My wall was given to me by the United States.”Now such walls are emerging in India and we are seeing a ray of reverse migration
Many thanksMany thanks