帮学堂配套讲义...

帮学堂配套电子讲义

帮学堂配套讲义

《写作强化课程（英语一）》


课程配套讲义是学习的必备资源，帮帮为大家精心整理了高质量的配套讲

义，确保同学们学习的方便与高效。该讲义是帮帮结合大纲考点及考研辅导名师

多年辅导经验的基础上科学整理的。内容涵盖考研的核心考点、复习重点、难点。

结构明了、脉络清晰，并针对不同考点、重点、难点做了不同颜色及字体的标注，

以便同学们复习时可以快速投入、高效提升。

除课程配套讲义外，帮帮还从学习最贴切的需求出发，为大家提供以下服务，

打造最科学、最高效、最自由的学习平台：

服务项目服务内容

名师高清视频课零距离跟名师学习，精讲考点，突出重点，拿下难点，掌握方法

习题+月考+模考精选配套习题，灵活自测，查缺补漏，时时提升

真题视频解析精选整理了近十几年的真题+答案，视频详解近五年真题

复习规划指导名师零距离直播/录播指导全程考研复习规划

24 小时内答疑 24 小时内详尽解答您复习中的疑点难点，确保学习无阻碍

把青春托付给值得信任的平台！

祝：复习愉快，天天高效，考研成功！

PS:讲义中的不足之处，欢迎各位研研批评指正，我们将竭尽所能追求更好!


2

论说文历届真题

英语一

年份试题

（中心议题）话题方向

扩展提示

备注

2016 榜样人生（现

实生活）描写/释图/评论漫画

2015 手机时代的聚会人生（现


2014 相携（孝道）人生（现


2013 选择人生（现


2012 悲观与乐观（无提示）人生哲理描写/释图/评论漫画

2011 旅程之“余” 现实生活描写/释图/评论漫画

2010 文化的“火锅” 现实生活描写/释图/评论漫画

2009 网络的“近”与“远” 现实生活描写/释图/评论漫画

2008 合作人生哲理描写/释图/评论漫画

2007 自信（无提示）人生哲理描写/释图/举例漫画

2006 明星的崇拜（无提示）现实生活描写/释图/评论照片

2005 养老足球赛现实生活描写/释图/评论漫画

2004 终点又是新起点人生哲理描写/释图/举例漫画

2003 温室花朵现实生活描写释图/影响漫画

2002 文化 — 民族和国际现实生活描写释图/评论漫画

2001 爱现实生活释图/举例/建议漫画

2000 世界商业捕鱼现实生活描写/释图/解决图表

1999 人口与野生动物保护关系现实生活影响/原因/建议图表

1998 诚信现实生活释图/评论漫画


3

1997 吸烟（无标题）现实生活释图/预示/理由图表

1996 健康现实生活重要/方式/做法提纲式

1995 希望工程现实生活现状/必要提纲式

1994 交友之道现实生活必要/阐释/做法提纲式

1993 电视广告现实生活现状/原因/评论提纲式

应用文历届真题

英语一

年份试题

（中心议题）文体类别

文体权重

扩展提示

备注

2016 通知（图书馆）通知正式介绍提纲式

2015 推荐信（阅读图书）信件正式推荐提纲式

2014 建议信（改善健康）信件正式建议提纲式

2013 邀请书信件正式邀请提纲式

2012 欢迎信信件正式欢迎/建议提纲式

2011 推荐电影私信非正式推荐/理由提纲式

2010 招募志愿者通知正式条件/相关信息提纲式

2009 “白色污染” 信件正式意见/建议提纲式

2008 道歉信信件正式歉意/建议提纲式

2007 给图书馆建议信信件正式建议提纲式

2006 请求找寻被捐赠对象信件正式具体化/如何实施提纲式

2005 辞职信信件正式决定/理由/歉意提纲式


4

评分细则

作文的评分采用总体评分法(Global Scoring)，通篇分档计分，计分标准如下：1. B节作文的评分重点在于内容的完整性、文章的组织连贯性、语法结构和词汇的多样性及语言的准确性。

2. 评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来给分。评分人员在档内有 1~3分的调节分。

3. A节作文的字数要求是 100词左右。B节作文的字数要求是 160~200词。文章长度不符合要求的，酌情扣分。

4. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。

5. 如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。一般评分标准：

第五档A节 (9~10分)B节英一 (17~20分)；英二 (13~15分）

很好地完成了试题规定的任务。包含所有内容要点；使用丰富的语法结构和词汇；语言自然流畅，语法错误极少；有效地采用了多种衔接手法，文字连贯，层次清晰；格式与语域恰当贴切。对目标读者完全产生了预期的效果。

第四档A节 (7~8分)B节英一 (13~16分)英二 (10~12分)

较好地完成了试题规定的任务。包含所有内容要点，允许漏掉 1、2个次重点；使用较丰富的语法结构和词汇；语言基本准确，只有在试图使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇时才有个别错误；采用了适当的衔接手法，层次清晰，组织较严密；格式与语域较恰当。对目标读者产生了预期的效果。

第三档A节 (5~6分)B节英一 (9~12分)英二 (7~9分)

基本完成了试题规定的任务。虽漏掉一些内容，但包含多数内容要点；应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的需求；有一些语法及词汇错误，但不影响理解；采用了简单的衔接手法，内容较连续，层次较清晰；格式和语域基本合理。对目标读者基本产生了预期的效果。

第二档A节 (3~4分)B节英一 (5~8分)英二 (4~6分)

未能按要求完成试题规定的任务。漏掉或未能有效阐述一些内容要点，写了一些无关内容；语法结构单调、词汇项目有限；有较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解；未采用恰当的衔接手法，内容缺少连贯性；格式和语域不恰当。未能清楚地传达信息给读者。

第一档A节 (1~2分)B节英一 (1~4分)英二 (1~3分)

未完成试题规定的任务。明显遗漏主要内容，且有许多不相关的内容；语法项目和词汇的使用单调、重复；语法错误多、有碍读者对内容的理解，语言运用能力差；未使用任何衔接手法，内容不连贯，缺少组织、分段；无格式与语域概念未能传达信息给读者

零档(0分)

所传达的信息或所用语言太少，无法评价，内容与要求无关或无法辨认。


5

考生样文实例

论说文评分样文实例引自《考试大纲分析》

2009 年写作真题示例

网络的“近”与“远”

52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) explain its intended meaning, and then

3) give your comments.

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

考生样文 1

Largely through the influence of many people from different points of the world.The old, the young and the student, they use the computers to constant with anotherbody.

Some people use computer to leare new knowledge, such as the students. Somepeople use the computer to help them to complete their work. Such as the tankworkers. While some people use the computer to play games. For example, some oldperson like to play game on computer.

Many people on computer is on Monday to Friday. But the player people iseveryday more or less. So the world is like a family. Since the computer with us is toenable our to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not weare forming the powers of the life’s happy.

考生样文 2

As is illustrated in the cartoon, each person is sitting in his cubicle. In front ofthem is a computer. Everyone stares at the screen carefully, and communicates withtheir colleagues through the net instead of talking face to face. Their work places areplaced like a pigeon house. And below the cartoon, there is a topic which goes: thenear and far among the Internet.


6

From the cartoon, we can conclude that the cartoonist wants to convey such amessage: with the popularity of computers, people from all over the world becomenearer by dint of the internet to communicate with each other. All of us accept thefact that the development of the internet brings lots of conveniences to our daily life.For instance, we can buy a book on the net instead of going to a bookstore. Besides,we can communicate with our friends on the net without going out of home.

Meanwhile, people also become more estranged from each other. This is thedownside we can’t ignore: the time we spend with friends or family becomes less.And we hardly see them once in a week. It will make us feel like living on aninaccessible island on the sea if we continue to use the tool on the net to talk withfriends instead of talking with them on the phone or going out with them.

To my best understanding, we should use the net to communicate with each otherin proper ways. It is just a instrument when we really need it to serve us. If we wantto keep our friendship more effectively, we should spend more time with them in ourreal life. Only in this way can we not only make full use of the communication toolon the net but also make our friendship stronger.

考生样文 3

As the picture vividly depict that internet like a net connect different people inthe world. You can communicate with your friends. No matter where they live in, thedistance no longer an obstacle in our communication.

The picture reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon that people in amounting numbers use internet shopping, work, study and chatting with friends inorder to meet each other face and face. There are somewhat reasonable, but youweighing in mind, you can find that distance between our spirit longer than before.On the Internet we can not know each other very well, because some people don’tuse their real name, even tell lies on internet. On the conterary, if we meet each otherface and face, it’s better for communication.

Internet make the obstacle of distance vanished, benefit us a lot, we can chatingwith our friends who live in a city that far from us. However, we should take thatserious internet make the distance of our spirit longer than before, internet is adouble-edge sword.

2008 年写作真题示例


7

51. You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot

to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to

1) make an apology, and

2) suggest a solution.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the

end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

考生样文 1

Dear Bob,(1-1：直述主题，态度，目的) I am writing to make an apology to you for I forgot to

return a music CD which I borrowed from you last week. (1-2：具体化阐释 1-1内容)Yesterday I have．．．．come．．．．back．．．．from Canada and I found it in my luggage. (1-3：递进 1-2内容；对于 1-1再阐释) I am sorry that you cannot listen to it at present.

(2-1：提出反应和解决手段) The CD which I borrowed from you is made in Canada,so I believe you can find another one in your local store. (2-2：具体化 2-1内容)Wouldyou mind if you buy another CD by yourself? (2-3：递进补充 2-2内容) I will surely payfor it. (2-4：与上文构成选择关系，仍然属于解决手段) If you cannot find the similar one,I would send it back to you through a post office. (2-5：补充说明上文的内容) And ifthere are any other solutions you prefer, please let me know.

(3-1：呼应) I am sorry again for my carelessness. (3-2：寒暄) Looking forward toyour reply.

Yours SincerelyLiming

【评语】该信很好地完成了试题规定的任务，既简明地陈述了自己的失误，又提出了两个解决的办法。虽然有少数语法失误，但内容要点完整，层次清晰，语气得体，语言流畅，格式恰当，符合语域要求。得分 9分。

考生样文 2

Dear Bob,I．’．m．so．．sorry．．．．．and．．．writing．．．．．．．for．．．your．．．．excuse．．．．．．involving．．．．．．．．．the．．．matter．．．．．．that．．．．I．found．．．．．

favorable．．．．．．．．．music．．．．．CD．．in．．my．．luggage．．．．．．．when．．．．I．come．．．．back．．．．China．．．．．from．．．．Canada．．．．．．.


8

You．．．were．．．．so．．kind．．．．of．．lending．．．．．．．me．．the．．．West．．．．life．．．．’．s．CD,．．．when．．．．you．．．knew．．．．that．．．．I．was．．．one．．．of．．fans．．．．of．．this．．．．popular．．．．．．．band.．．．．．But．．．so．．careless．．．．．．．．I．was．．．that．．．．I．forgot．．．．．．to．．return．．．．．．you．．．.

I．have．．．．delivered．．．．．．．．．it．．to．．you．．．by．．EMS．．．with．．．．another．．．．．．．West．．．．Life．．．．’．s．CD．．together．．．．．．．．as．．an．．apology．．．．．．．. I hope you can love it and our friendship will not be injured．．．．．．．by my faculties.

Yours SincerelyLiming

【评语】该信未能完成试题规定的任务。可以看出考生原想表达更复杂的思想，如对方借光盘给他的原因、两人之间的友谊不会因此受到伤害等，但由于该生语言表达能力不强，表达欠规范，内容要点不够明确，加上有较多的语法和用词错误，因此得分不高，仅4分。

***************************************************************

论说文规范大纲（大纲 OUTLINE）

I. (第 1 层中心议题层次)① 描写画面（图形主体是什么？主体感染力强的侧面是什么？正在

做什么？留给读者的印象是什么？）

② 全文中心议题拟定谈什么？（也可以将中心议题直接置于篇首，之后再描述画面。）

II. (第 2 层话题主题层次)③ 通过评价性语言引入议题分析的一个侧面或角度？④ 利用各种展开手段：举例（具体化）、原因分析、利弊分析、解

决方案等？⑤ 就本段内容进行评价性的陈述。

III. (第 3 层总结评价层次)⑥ 总体评价（呼应、呼吁 [解决]、洞察趋势 …）


9

Structured Modes for Essays

引言层次

①-1: （导言）X早已引起了社会的普遍关注。//【如今在电视、报纸、大

学讲堂和日常生活（.......）的很多角落，都有越来越多的关于X的议论。】

或①-1:（导言）看到这幅画面人们眼前一亮（一黑）。

---------------------------------------------------

①-2: （描写画面）如图所示，…。//（具体化）……。

---------------------------------------------------

①-3: （结论）这种情形发人深省。// 这种情形最值得评论。

或①-3:（结论）这种做法值得我们大量提倡。

或①-3:（结论）这种损害了我们社会的核心价值观。

***********************************************************

***********************************************************

主体层次

②-1: （承上启下）这幅图画（卡通、图表）旨在告诉我们，……。

②-1-1:（阐释）给 X一个精确的定义并非易事，【因为它的概念涉及了科

学、人性、思想、经济、社会、自然（......）等广阔领域。】......

②-1-2:（阐释）X 的重要性（必要性、实用性、危害性、…）不能被忽略。

---------------------------------------------------

②-2-2-1: （举例）我个人的经历就是最好的举例。 //（具体化）……。

或②-2-1-2:（举例）最好的举例就是…。


10

或②-2-1-3:（阐释）有许许多多的具体情况。其一、…。其二、…。其三、…。

---------------------------------------------------

和/或②-2-2-1:（重要性分析）It is also good to …: because … is difficult. For

one human being to … another human being: that is perhaps the most difficult

task that has been entrusted to us, the ultimate task, the final test and proof, the

work for which all other work is merely preparation. That is why young people,

who are beginners in everything, are not yet capable of …: it is something they

must learn. With their whole being, with all their forces, gathered around their

solitary, anxious, upward-beating heart, they must learn to ….---------------------------------------------------

和/或②-2-3-1:（影响分析）毫无疑问，…对个人、家庭乃至整个社会都

有深刻的影响。【或】众所周知，…对个人、集体、社会、乃至整个世界都有

深刻的影响。（具体再分析）…。

或②-2-3-2:（影响分析）… 能够成为公众关注的焦点，主要是由于它

对个人、集体乃至整个社会都产生不良的影响。（再具体分析）…。如果…

的不良影响积聚到一定程度并扩散开来，那么它必将危机整个（社会或自然

界）。

---------------------------------------------------

和/或②-2-4-1:（相互关联）我们绝对不能以截然分离的视角来对待X和

Y。它们之间的联系紧密而复杂，像是一个硬币的两个面。这一混合体直接和间

接地影响个人、组织乃至整个世界。

---------------------------------------------------

和/或②-2-5-1:（原因分析）对于此，有许多不能忽略的原因。在许多因

素中，重要的原因就是…。// 但是，根本原因是…。

***********************************************************

***********************************************************


11

③-1: （结论 — 概括文意）基于上文的分析，结论就是，

只有X，全社会才能通过共同的努力去实现中国梦。

③-2: （结论 — 发扬光大）总之，哪里有更多的 X，哪里

就有更好的希望、活力和发展。// 每个人都应该给予 X高度的

重视，所以，我们在享受X带来的甜蜜果实时，也应该竭尽所能，去维持X之

火焰熊熊燃烧，因为它的光辉能够让我们的未来更加的灿烂。

③-3: （结论 — 解决问题）由于 X的不良影响有一定的深度和广度，所以

我们应在深入剖析 X问题的基础上，科学而系统的制定对策。// （具体措施）

我们必须从技术、管理、法律以及文化等方面来获取解决 X问题的力量，这样

才能有效根除 X的阴影，让我们的未来更加的灿烂。

***********************************************************

***********************************************************

***********************************************************

结论层次


12

图表时间变化过程类

Mini-gem (70 words)

①The above pictures present us with two striking scenes

standing in a sharp contrast. ②One portrays that in 1900 there

was only one fishing boat that was busy with its work at sea abundant in fish; the other

describes that in 1995 many fishing boats were hunting for fish while there was only one

fish in sight. ③Obviously, the passing 95 years has witnessed an astonishing decline in the

fishing industry.


Mini-gem (80 words)

①Everyone might be deeply impressed by what is conveyed in the

vivid drawing. ②On the left in the picture stands a goalkeeper who

holds on to the illusion that he will be a dwarf under the net. ③In front

of him is a forward who is only too eager to kick the ball into the net, wondering if he could

make the goal. ④Not surprisingly, both of the players seem to be lacking in confidence with

which they can fulfill their missions.


Mini-gem (100 words)

①Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love isprobably the noblest. It is truly of the utmost importance tothe human beings. ②Everybody not only needs love, but alsoshould give love.

①As is illustrated in the picture, “love is a lamp which is

brighter in darker places.” ②This is indeed true. ③People in

darker places need more light than ordinary people. ④Maybe even a dim light can give

them much hope for a better life and progress. ⑤Maybe just a thread of light will call forth

their strength and courage to step out of their difficulties.


13

Mini-gem(130 words)

Sitting on a grass, beneath one of the windows of the church, is a little girl. With her

head bent back, she is gazing up at the sky and singing, while one of her little hands is

pointing to a tiny cloud that hovered like a golden feather above her head. …… So

completely absorbed is she in watching the cloud. Her eyes, which at one moment seemed

blue-gray, are clearly filled with strong self-confidence. Gradually the other features,

especially the sensitive full-lipped mouth, grows upon us. … Here seems to me a more

perfect beauty than has even come to me in my overset dreams of beauty. Yet it is not her

beauty so much as the look she gives me that fascinates me, melts me.Mini-gem(170 words)

Three things have much to do with my life, namely, physiology, psychology and

adaptability. That I’ve lived to this age is probably due to my effort to sum up my personal

experience of the past decades and draw a lesson from it. I’ve never been weighed down by

my cares. I never get angry or become pessimistic. Another strong point of mine is that I’m

always thirsty for knowledge and have many-sided interests. My interests range over a

wide field, from major events at home and abroad to plants and trees, and fish and worms. I

used to raise birds and dogs, and now I keep cats. I was once crazy about philately and

collecting books and paintings. I watch TV and listen in to the radio, not only for news but

mainly for ball games, soccer in particular. …Mini-gem(105 words)

The picture is rather worrying. Like in previous years, uncivilized behavior by tourists

is reportedly common, with the most cited forms being inscribing names on walls or pillars,

spitting, talking loudly and randomly littering. These remain frequently seen in tourist

attractions favored by Chinese holiday-makers. In a wider sense, the harm of such behavior

stains our national image, hurts our national pride and goes against our inner desire to be

good citizens. While everyone seems indignant at such bad manners, there are few signs

that they can be curbed quickly and easily, as repeated cries in the past for good behavior

simply do not work.


14

Mini-gem(90 words)

It is also good to …: because … is difficult. For one human being to … another human

being: that is perhaps the most difficult task that has been entrusted to us, the ultimate task,

the final test and proof, the work for which all other work is merely preparation. That is

why young people, who are novices in everything, are not yet capable of …: it is something

they must learn. With their whole being, with all their forces, gathered around their solitary,

anxious, upward-beating heart, they must learn to ….Mini-gem(127 words)

You must recognize that history is full of examples of men and women who achieved

greatness despite facing hurdles so steep that easily could have crashed their spirit and left

them lying in the dust. Moses was a stutterer, yet he was called on to be the voice of God.

Abraham Lincoln overcomes a difficult childhood, depression, the death of two sons, and

constant ridicule during the Civil War to become arguably our greatest president ever.

Helen Keller made an impact on the world despite being deaf, dumb, and blind from an

early age. Franklin Roosevelt had polio.

There are endless examples. These were people who not only looked at adversity in

the face but learned valuable lessons about overcoming difficult circumstances and were

able to move ahead.Mini-gem(80 words)

“People often ask me if I know the mystery of success, and if I could tell others how

to make their goals possible. My answer is, you set anther goal for yourself.” points out

Albert Einstein, a great thinker and scientist. The outstanding scientist also remarked that

“A man is not old as long as he is seeking something. A man is not old until regrets take the

place of the pursuit for a new goal, especially in an exciting game.”


15

Mini-gem(100 words)

Maybe one reason that cannot be neglected is that the ever-increasing human

population needs more and more land to grow crops and more space to live in. Thus, there

is less and less room for wildlife, which is in dire need of more habitats for living and

reproduction.

But the sources may go way deeper. The disappearance of wildlife is mainly due to the

serious pollution from a host of newly-built factories which discharge harmful gases and

liquids. As a result, this defeats the ecological balance, leading to the extinction of some

rare wildlife as a whole.Mini-gem(95 words)

Surprisingly, “Lecture Room” is definitely a great promoter that has a positive effect

on the real classics. Lecturers talk out their own interpretations about literary masterpieces

of China, reviving the reverie of their audience towards masterpieces. Classics are of great

importance for the pride of the people of a nation since they have things that they attach to

even when they go out of their countries. They are also important for visitors who travel to

places to see what a country has to offer as well as educate the locals on their past ways of

life.Mini-gem(80 words)

To build up a harmonious society through our joint efforts, it is the right time for the

government to take drastic actions to reverse the worsening picture. The country’s top

agencies should have also stepped up efforts to protect migrant labors’ social welfare,

asserting that contracts should be signed between every company and their employers to

ensure that they get their pay on a monthly basis. Legal aid should also be extended to

migrant laborers involved in labor disputes across the country.Mini-gem(51 words)

We should call for the public to re-examine their attitudes toward domestic animals and the

practice of pet-raising, and pay more attention to what needs to be done to retain the

harmony between humans and other creatures. Besides, the government should also think

over its policy and make radical changes.


16

Mini-gem(47 words)

It is unfortunate, but it seems that plagiarism in music is quite pervasive these days.

The action must have violated the law. Copyright is an absolute right, and others should

abide by the provisions of copyright law and relevant laws and regulations once they use

copyrighted products.

Mini-gem(35 words)

In closing , … is, of course, what the whole society can never fail to draw meticulous

attention to. We sincerely wish that … If …., then …. Only in this way can we …

Mini-gem

1. From what has been discussed above, we may safely jump to the conclusion that (主题

词)….

2.

2. As is above discussed, (主题词 ) have (has), among other things, its advantages and

downsides.

3. In brief, there is a wide spectrum of opinions towards (主题词)….

4. To sum up, we must seek an immediate solution, because if the current situation is

allowed to let rip, it will surely lead to ….

Mini-gem

1. If we could give full play to its advantages, our life would become ….

2. If we all could place a high value upon, … would ….

3. If we all could get rid of the nuisance of (主题词), … would ….


17

论说文段子（阐释扩展训练）Errorsor mistakes

① The purpose of the painter is draw attention to the team spirit? is

so important in every field, such as in work, in study or in

homework and so on?. ② At present, people who want to finish a

task? dependently won’t? succeed, so they have to work together

with other people. ③ Because? one person’s ableness is too limited

to finish a tough task. ④ However the power will be stronger when they work together?. ⑤

Unfortunately, many people still ignored? the great effect? of teamness so that those people?

will be confronted with some difficulties in dealing with some tough task?.Errorsor mistakes

① It is clearly that both of them in the picture don’t? have enough

confidence and? if you have little confidence, how can you maintain?

your goal in life? ②Confidence is very importante. ③Nowadays, our

society is full of challenges and competition. ④Without confidence,

people can get? nothing and only those who have self-confidence

may succeed finally?.Errorsor mistakes

①Such cases? are not uncommon in China.

②Many junior high school students are idol

worshipers?. ③The younger generation is

respecting? for? their heroes everywhere. ④They

spend hours wait? for a film star at the? airport.

⑤They cry? wildly? at him? at a concert. ⑥They

collect every possible thing?. ⑦But many parents

find it difficult to hide their worry about their

children’s admiration?. ⑧They think it’s? a waste

of time and energy?. ⑨It? makes their children wild? and distracts them from the studies?.


18

句子谚语篇

He who laughs last laughs best. Faith will move mountains. One reaps what one sows. Like father like son. It never rains but pours.

***************************************************************************************

Proverbs Summer’s EnhancingWhere there is a will, there is a way.Man proposes and god disposes.All is not gold that glitters.Knowledge is power.Like father, like son.Failure is the mother of success.A friend in need is a friend indeed.Money is the root of all evils.Look before you leap.Business before pleasure.More haste, less speed.Genius is one per cent inspiration andninety-nine per cent perspiration.He that gains time gains all things.

***************************************************************************************

to look for a needle in a haystack to eat one’s words to turn a blind eye (to) Once bitten, twice shy.

One cannot make a silk purse of a sow’s ear. Out of sight, out of mind.A rolling stone gathers no moss.

Saying and Proverbs

There is an old saying that goes “Love me, love my dog.” But

there may be more wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.” The

book is a truer and higher bond of knowledge and experience. ….

Twists

Pitfalls


19

精彩句段

【Warm tips from DrSumer Xiajirong】For this

part, you are required to remember each group

of sentences very carefully and learn them by

heart. Your efforts will be duly rewarded. Wish

you all good luck! For more information, refer to: WeChat:

xiajirong-001。

********************************************************************

Why are a mounting number of elderly Chinese parents living apart

from their children? One reason is the increasing upward mobility of the

younger generation. Another is expanding social opportunities for the

elderly. Perhaps the main reason, however, centers on dramatic changes in

traditional concepts.

【译文】为什么越来越多的中国老人不和他们的孩子住在一起？原因之一是年轻一代

的上进心增强了。另一个原因是社会上老人的机会增加了。然而，主要的原因可能是

传统观念发生了巨大变化。

********************************************************************

We often ignore the real problem and instead search for a needle in a

haystack. Solving problems of any kind requires that we should adopt a

direct approach which would address all relevant issues.

【译文】我们经常忽略实际问题，而是大海捞针。解决任何类型的问题都需要一个采

取直接的办法处理所有相关事情。。

********************************************************************

When it comes to the increasing use of motor vehicles in Beijing,

some people think that their use should be restricted. Others argue that the

opposite is true. There is probably some elements of truth to both

arguments, but exhaust emission controls must be instituted regardless of

the number of vehicles.


20

【译文】涉及北京机动车使用量增加这一问题，有的人认为应该限制使用。另一些人

持相反意见。也许双方的观点都有一定道理，但是，无论车辆多少，必须对尾气排放

实行控制。

********************************************************************

There is a general debate nowadays about the issue of labor movement.

Those who object to the rising migrant population argue that increasing

numbers lead to rising crime rates and impinge upon social stability. They

believe that strict limits should be placed on migrants entering China’s

cities. But people who favor the influx of the cheap labor force, on the

other hand, maintain that migrants are needed to support the massive

urban infrastructure construction program.

【译文】目前，针对流动工人的问题人们展开了争论。反对流动工人增加的人认为，

这会导致犯罪率升高，从而危害社会稳定。他们主张应该严格限制进入中国城市的流

动工人。但是，另一方面，支持廉价劳动力流入的人主张，为了支持大规模的城市基

础设施建设规划，流动人口是必需的。

********************************************************************

It is universally acknowledged that extensive deforestation

contributed largely to heavy summer flooding. Experts argue that China

must introduce a afforestation program of a massive scale. But I doubt

whether the scheme alone will solve the problem.

【译文】人们普遍认为过度砍伐是夏季特大洪水的主要原因。专家认为中国必须大规

模的植树造林计划。但我对仅仅植树造林就能解决问题表示怀疑。。

********************************************************************

Most people are of the opinion that wealth provides solutions to all

problems. But in spite of the material benefits wealth provides, I believe

one should abandon the pursuit of materialism and instead concentrate on

the quest for happiness.

【译文】大多数人认为财富为所有问题提供解决的办法。但是，我认为，尽管财富提

供物质上的好处，一个人应该放弃物质至上的追求，而是集中精力追求幸福。


21

********************************************************************

An increasing number of people are joining the “Information Age”

via the Internet. In response to the phenomenon, some say the Internet has

removed barriers and provided people with easier access to the outside

world. But do they realize that rapidly advancing information technology

can also lead to intrusions upon privacy?

【译文】越来越多的人通过互联网进入了“信息时代”。针对这一现象，一些人认为

互联网清除了障碍，为人们提供了接触外部世界的更为便捷的方式。但是，他们有没

有意识到迅速发展的信息技术也能导致侵犯隐私？

********************************************************************

The rapid expansion of urban areas has in many cases encroached on

valuable cultivatable land, and led to a general recognition that

development should not be carried out at the cost of agriculture. The

government has attached greater importance to the problem and an

increasing number of redundant projects are being terminated.

【译文】城区的迅速扩大在很多情况下侵占了宝贵的可耕地，使人们普遍认识到发展

不应以牺牲农业为代价。政府更加重视这个问题，越来越多的不必要的工程被终止。

********************************************************************

Several decades ago, Chinese streets were filled with people wearing

identical drab clothing. Today, however, things are quite different and the

streets are awash with people dressed in posh garments. Why has the

dramatic change taken place?

【译文】许多年前，中国大街上的人都穿着一样的灰褐色衣服。然而，今天的情况大

不一样了，街上满是一个个身着时髦衣服的人。出现这种变化的原因是什么呢？。

********************************************************************

Years of observing human behavior has enabled us to conclude that

the major difference between mediocrity and success lies solely with the

individual concerned. Successful individuals consistently seek

advancement, while their less industrious contemporaries are merely


22

content with the status quo.

【译文】对人们行为的多年观察使我能够得出这样的结论：平庸和成功的主要区别仅

仅在于相关的个人。成功的个人不断寻求进步，而他们比较懒惰的同时代人仅仅满足

于现状。

********************************************************************

Traditional ways of thinking have changed dramatically. The

pendulum has swung and people are exhibiting greater open- mindedness

and a burning desire to determine their own destiny.

【译文】传统的思维方式有了显著的变化。时过境迁，人们表现出更开放的思想以及

决定他们自己命运的强烈愿望。

********************************************************************

I recently read a newspaper editorial on the rampant spread of child

abuse. The deplorable problem of the widespread abuse of innocent

children has aroused public concern nationwide.

【译文】最近，我在报纸上读到一篇关于虐待儿童现象变得猖獗的社论。普遍虐待无

辜儿童的问题令人深感遗憾，它已经引起了全国人民的关注。

********************************************************************

Should parents spare the rod and spoil the child? Opinions

concerning strict parental discipline vary widely. Some view strict

discipline as nothing more than a form of abuse, while others argue it is

an essential factor for instilling appropriate social behavior.

【译文】家长应不应该闲了棍子、惯了孩子？人们针对严厉的家教的看法大相径庭。

有的人就是把严厉的管理看成一种虐待，而另外的人认为这是逐渐灌输得体的社会行

为的要素。

********************************************************************

Why do some governments persist in spending billions of dollars on

space exploration when starvation and poverty continue to plague their

countries throughout the world? This particular question is being raised

by opponents in mounting numbers.


23

【译文】既然世界上许多国家仍被饥饿和贫困所困扰，为什么有的政府还坚持花费数

十亿美元用于太空探索？现在越来越多的反对者提出了这个问题。

********************************************************************

China needs to reexamine the results of political and social

modernization in order to ascertain the benefits and indeed the detrimental

aspects from a new perspective. Otherwise, various perceived

accomplishments might in fact prove to be far from beneficial.

【译文】中国需要重新审视政治和社会现代化带来的成果，以便从新的角度明确它们

的好处，甚至是有害的方面。否则，许多我们以为取得的成就实际上可能完全不会带

来好处。

********************************************************************

It is absolutely essential to reverse the irrational misuse of

nonrenewable resources. For example, fuel-efficient motor vehicles can

be developed to reduce oil consumption and alternative energy sources

are to be found to replace coal.

【译文】彻底改变对不可再生资源的非理性滥用是绝对有必要的。例如，应该开发节

能的机动车减少汽车的消耗量，并且必须找到可替代能源取代煤。

********************************************************************

While achieving success is easier said than done, persistence does in

fact pay off. One of the most important traits of a successful person is

self-confidence, another is desire, and still another is determination.

【译文】获得成功说起来比做起来容易，然而坚持不懈确实会有好结果。成功人士的

最重要的特征之一是自信，第二是渴望，还有一个是决心。

********************************************************************

Many of the explanations offered thus far are at least to a certain

extent valid, but none effectively address the problem and the issue must

be examined in a wider context.

【译文】目前提供的许多解释至少在一定程度上是正确的，但是，没有一个解释能有

效的解决问题，这件事情必须放在更广阔的背景中考虑。


24

********************************************************************

Immediate solutions for solving problems surrounding poverty

remain elusive. However, public recognition of the necessity to provide a

better quality of life for millions of people will represent the first step in

finding effective solutions.

【译文】立即解决贫困问题的办法仍然是难以捉摸的。然而，公众认识到为数百万人

提供更高质量的生活的必要性是找到有效的解决办法的第一步。

********************************************************************

What does the future hold if mankind persists in wasting natural

resources? While no one knows for sure, scientists do exhibit a degree of

certainty when predicting that future generations will face a strikingly

different world.

【译文】如果人类继续浪费自然资源，未来将会有怎样？没有人知道明确的答案，但

是，科学家预测我们的后代将面对一个迥然不同的世界，而且学科家们确实有一定把

握。

********************************************************************

Reversing undesirable social trends will be far from an easy job and

will require a dramatic change in attitudes. A keen awareness of right

from wrong is essential for determining appropriate social behavior.

【译文】扭转不好的社会趋势远非一件易事，看法需要有巨大的变化。对正误的深刻

认识是判定得体的社会行为所必需的。

********************************************************************

While it remains to be seen whether or not environmental

deterioration can be controlled, the current prospects are far from

encouraging. People around the world must act immediately to prevent

the situation from deteriorating even further.

【译文】环境恶化是否能得到控制这个问题仍然没有答案，但目前的前景一点儿也不

乐观。全世界的人必须立即行动，防止情况进一步恶化。

********************************************************************


25

The methodology suggested may not guarantee ultimate success, but

the eventual pay-off could well be worth the effort. Achieving even

partial success will benefit mankind and contribute to creating a better

world.

【译文】提出的方法不一定保证最终的成功，但最后的结果非常值得付出努力。即使

只获得部分成功也会使人类受益，有利于创造一个更美好的世界。。

********************************************************************

Admittedly, ensuring sustainable development will require a certain

level of sacrifice and arduous efforts on the part of all people.

Nonetheless, the accrued returns will both strengthen the nation and

ensure a better life for all Chinese citizens.

【译文】诚然，确保有持续的发展需要人们做出一定程度的牺牲和辛勤努力。但是，

积累的成果不仅能使国家更强大，而且能保证中国公民过上更美好的生活。。

********************************************************************

Participating in interactive experiences beneficial to all is something

that no one should miss. The valuable lessons learned therefrom should

not be arbitrarily dismissed, but should instead be treasured.

【译文】参加对所有人都有益的互动式体验是任何一个人都不应该错过的。从中获得

的宝典经验不应该任意摈弃，而应该倍加珍惜。。

********************************************************************

Some people assert that nothing is impossible. Such people should

get a grip on reality and understand that there is no possibility that another

Universe can be created. In more down-to-earth terms, it is not possible to

know with any certainty whether you will live or die tomorrow.

【译文】一些人断言没有什么事是不可能的。这些人应该把握现实，知道再造一个宇

宙是不可能的。更现实的说法是，不可能明确知道明天你会活着还是会死。

********************************************************************

There are several reasons for the marked increase in China’s crime

rate － the dramatic influx of itinerant workers in urban areas; declining


26

social values; and widening disparities between the haves and have-nots.

【译文】中国的犯罪率显著升高有很多原因 —— 城区大量流动工人的涌入；社会价

值观的衰败以及贫富之间日益扩大的差距。。

********************************************************************

What has sparked the increasing interest in exercise? For one thing,

people have gained a greater awareness of the need for physical fitness.

For another, the constantly improving standard of living enables Chinese

people to patronize the increasing number of recreational venues. The

main thing perhaps centers on the healthcare and psychological benefits

exercise provides.

【译文】什么引发了人们对锻炼越来越浓的兴趣？一方面，人们更加清楚地意识到保

持身体健康的秘要性。另一方面，不断提高的生活水平使中国人能够关顾越来越多的

休闲娱乐场所。最主要的可能在于锻炼带来的保健和心理上的好处。

********************************************************************

Identifying the reasons for an emerging phenomenon which involves

several complicated factors is far from an easy task. For example, some

scientists attribute environmental deterioration to a series of natural

factors, while others place the blame solely on inappropriate human

behavior.

【译文】要找到涉及许多复杂因素的新现象的原因远非一件易事。例如，一些科学家

把环境的恶化归结为一些自然因素，而另一些人把责任都推在人类不适当的行为上。

********************************************************************

The incidence rate of cancer mainly stems from several factors,

including inappropriate diets, poor healthcare practices and the lack of

early detection. Continuing medical advances and rising awareness do,

however, offer promising hope for the future.

【译文】癌症的发病率主要由以下诸多因素引起，包括不适当的饮食、不好的保健习

惯以及没有及早发现。然而，医学的不断进步和对此不断增强的关注给未来带来了很

大的希望。。


27

********************************************************************

Increased urban pollution levels and the mounting death toll from

motor vehicles accidents can mainly be attributed to the glut of

automobiles appearing on city roads in recent years. Detrimental factors

will quite likely outweigh the benefits of rising automobile usage.

【译文】城市人口的增长和车祸中死亡率的增加主要是由地近年内充斥城市道路的汽

车。汽车使用量的增加带来的有害因素很有可能超过它的好处。。

********************************************************************

Child development depends in large measure on a number of factors,

both physical and psychological. Correct parental nurturing from infancy

through adolescence determines both the physical and mental profile of a

mature individual.

【译文】儿童的发展在很大程度上取决于很多因素，包括身体的和心理的。从婴儿

期到青春期的正确的家长教育决定一个成熟的个人的体质及智力的状况。。

********************************************************************

The deep impact of opening to the outside world is readily

discernible in a number of areas: taking up many Western habits, both

positive and negative; changing social and moral values; and leaning

towards individualism. The key to adopting Western way centers on

accepting the good and rejecting the bad.

【译文】对外开放的深刻影响在很多方面都能看到：模仿西方的习惯，包括好的和坏

的；改变社会和道德价值观；对个人主义的偏向。采取西方方式的关键在于取其精华，

去其糟粕。。

********************************************************************

The benefits of technology are undeniable. Nonetheless, the fact that

technology often negates the need for human beings in the workplace

deserves careful consideration and retraining programs for affected

individuals must be introduced.

【译文】技术的好处不容否认。然而，技术经常否认工作场所需要人类，这一点值得


28

仔细考虑，而且，为受到影响的个人推出再培训项目是必需的。。

********************************************************************

While the long-term effect of global warming is indeed serious, its

significance diminishes somewhat when considering immediate problems

such as rapid environmental deterioration and the rampant misuse and

abuse of nonrenewable resources.

【译文】虽然全球变暖这一长期的问题确实很严重，但考虑到诸如环境的迅速恶化和

不可更新资源的普遍滥用等当前的问题时，它的重要性就有所降低了。。

********************************************************************

Owning a car might be preferable to owning a bicycle, but the

problems associated with owning the former far outweigh those of the

latter. For one thing, automobiles are exponentially more expensive and

require greater maintenance. For another, bicycles almost cause no

pollution.

【译文】与拥有一辆自行车相比，人们更愿意拥有一辆汽车，但拥有后者涉及的问题

远远超过前者。原因之一，汽车昂贵得多，需要更多的维护。原因之二，自行车不会

引起污染。

********************************************************************

Many people assume that the extinction of a plant or animal species

is of little consequence. Careful examination, however, reveals that the

extinction of any one species disrupts the food chain, and the loss of a

plant species leads to the disappearance of a key ingredient which might

yield a cure for cancer.

【译文】许多人想当然地认为一种植物或动物的灭绝产生的后果很小。然而，仔细地

考察提示出任何一个物种的灭绝会破坏食物链，一种植物的消失造成有可能生成治疗

癌症的药物的关键成分的缺失。。

********************************************************************

There are those who claim that competition brings out the best in

people. Others contend that it simply forces one person to prove he is


29

better than someone else. Advocates vociferously support one position or

the other. I strongly suggest the former proposition bears greater

relevance than the latter.

【译文】有些人认为竞争促使人们发挥出最优秀的东西。另一些人认为它只是强迫一

个人证明他/她比别人更优秀。提倡者叫嚣着支持其中的一个立场。我认为前一个立

场比后一个立场更恰当。

********************************************************************

Belief in the wonders of modern medical science is quite

understandable. It is also quite possible that our faith in the ability of

scientists to find the key for prolonging life is well-founded. Yet, the

wisdom of prolonging life remains in question when considering the

already massive global population and projected future growth.

【译文】相信现代医学的奇迹是可以理解的。很有可能我们相信科学家能够找到延长

生命的关键也是有根据的。但是，考虑到已经非常庞大的世界人口和预计的未来增长，

延长生命是否明智仍有疑问。

********************************************************************

A recent study revealed the surprising fact that many students pass

examinations by relying on nothing more than rote memorization. It is

horrifying to think that students graduate without a thorough

understanding of the subject matter.

【译文】最近的一项研究显示了一个令人惊讶的事实：许多学生仅仅依靠死记硬背通

过考试。想到学生对主题没有透彻地理解就毕业了是令人震惊的。

********************************************************************

There’s little doubt that China has spawned a new generation of

“Little Emperors”, but the truth is that the fault rests with parents who

“spare the rod to spoil the child” and not with children themselves.

【译文】毫无疑问，中国产生了新一代“小皇帝”，但事实是责任在于“闲了棍子，

惯了孩子”的家长，而不是孩子自己。

********************************************************************


30

Agricultural modernization cannot be achieved unless the

government substantially increases funding, farmers accept advanced

agronomic techniques, and consumers are engaged in a concerted effort to

reduce unnecessary and exorbitant waste.

【译文】除非政府大幅度地增加投资，农民接受高级的农业技术，消费者共同努力减

少不必要的过度的浪费，农业现代化就不能实现。

********************************************************************

... deserves praise for affirming the importance of .... Regrettably,

however, .... (that) fails to address the true nature of the crisis facing

us. ... may cause more harm and good.

【译文】X由于确证了......的重要性值得称道。然而，令人遗憾的是，X未能解决我们

面对的危机。因此，X的弊大于利。

********************************************************************

Reforming the (system) would help both … and …. Sensible ideas

have been around for a long time, but government agencies at all levels

have been too conservative to implement them. This is indeed true.

【译文】对......进行改革对......和......都有好处。明智的方案早就提出来了，但是各级政

府机关太过于保守，未能实施改革措施。事实的确如此。

********************************************************************

Integrity has collapsed, we may be sure, because of a collective

acceptance that the only “social values” in society should be profit and the

market. But it’s us, human beings, we the people who create the society

we want, not money.

【译文】我们可以确信的是：诚信已解体坍塌，因为大家都接受社会唯一的“分拣机

制”应该是利润和市场。③但是，“创造社会的是人民，不是利润。创造社会人是自

己、是所有的人、是我们。

********************************************************************


31

大作文预测

①The cartoon reveals a harsh reality in our daily

life: we know the shape of a Chinese character but we

cannot remember the strokes. ②As is shown in the

picture, the boy might have forgotten the Chinese

character for “error”. ③The message is much food for

thought for us young Chinese people.

④Not surprisingly, symptoms of pervading “character amnesia” are not difficult to

find when we put pen to paper. ⑤The problem is particularly prevalent among today’s

youth, who are too dependent upon digital language input system and thus neglect the

significance of understanding the aesthetic, historic and cultural value of characters. ⑥As

Mo Yan once put, “I stopped writing on a computer because I unconsciously choose the

word options provided by the digital input software which limited my own choice of

words.”

⑦Chinese characters are a cultural symbol of Chinese civilization. ⑧Beautiful

writing is a source of pride and respect to the country’s tradition, and such pride should be

highly appreciated by the younger generation. (170 words)******************************************************


32

①In the cartoon, the man sitting on the chair

apparently betrays his pompous promises. ②He is

reluctant to give the other party the dividends he might

have promised, pretending that he is in great financial

difficulties.③Such a scene ridicules certain persons or organizations whose behavior is not

faithful or sincere.

④The value of faithfulness and sincerity cannot be too much emphasized in the

present-day society. ⑤For example, if a store boasts that “this month is the month of good

service”, it should take practical measures to improve the quality of its products and its

services. ⑥Otherwise, customers, once cheated, would turn up their noses against any

promise the store will claim. ⑦Therefore, it is incumbent upon every citizen to maintain

integrity, which conforms to the core socialist values.

⑧⑳In my opinion, being faithful and sincere is what we cannot do without, for

people are willing to be treated with honesty. ⑨We all should not renege on the

commitments we once made. ⑩Only in this way can we make the society a good place to

live in. (170 words)

******************************************************


33

①These two pictures

stand in sharp contrast: two types of living pace.②The former symbolizes the frenetic pace

while the latter stands for the leisurely pace. ③Nowadays the “right-away” slogan has

become a fitting motto for Chinese people.

④Anyway, a frenzied living pace seems to reveal the symptoms of the pervasive

mentality of our culture. ⑤Our life is filled with more anxiety and urgency, and less

calmness and grace. ⑥We are eager for quick success and instant benefits in order to

pursue wealth at all costs. ⑦We resolutely choose speed over beauty, money over health,

and economic growth over environmental health.⑧It follows naturally that the quicker the

living pace is, the narrower the horizon will be.

⑨Therefore, we should learn the art of slowing down to bite into the world and taste

its multitudinous flavours and juices and to cast reflections upon the true meaning of life.

⑩Rewards will follow if we lead a life with a shorter workday, fewer pressures and a less

frenetic pace. (170 words)******************************************************


34

(I) ①This cartoon vividly shows how a certain

university locks in their students on the Christmas Eve,

which reflects the worries of the university authorities

that students may be badly influenced by western

cultures. ②This reportedly rekindles a debate over whether or not western festivals can be

celebrated on China’s campuses.

(II) ③Concerns as such seem to be unnecessary for a couple of reasons. ④First of

all, a diversified college life would benefit college students physically and psychologically,

thereby guiding them to develop a sound personality. ⑤Secondly, Christmas celebration

would offer Chinese students a good chance to understand western cultures. ⑥If they are

confined to only one culture, they could not become global thinkers with innovating ability.

⑦Last but not least, some Chinese traditional festivals are gradually regaining more and

more recognition by more and more persons, especially young people. ⑧Moreover, to our

delight, some social groups and intellectuals have appealed to common people for more

attention to our national culture. ⑨Anyway, a country without its traditional culture cannot

develop into a civilized country in the real sense.

(III) ⑩ Therefore we should not worry that college students may worship foreign

things and fawn on foreign countries by coming into contact with western cultures. ⑪Good

guidance is the best policy while absolute prohibition only leads to the contrary of what we

expect of college students. (about 200 words)

******************************************************


35

This cartoon presents to us a sharp contrast between two

types of neighbors. The two lonely human neighbors seek to

hold onto an attitude of indifference towards each other, while

the two pet neighbors offer polite and amiable greetings. When

we take a walk in any big city we may often notice such a sad scene in which social

etiquette of great necessity are dramatically diminishing.

Since most people in most communities are urged to live on an on-the-move

lifestyle, they are probably denied opportunities to share their feelings with their friends

and relatives and it is inevitable that their pets serve as their good companions. Where there

are so much disloyalty going about, they prefer to stay with a dog, which is likely to be

faithful to them, particularly in dark situations. An individual appears to be acting

ridiculous if he starts conversations with his neighbors, so he often has no alternative but to

enjoy the company of his pet dog. That’ s why the scene depicted in the cartoon is not

uncommon in our daily life.

Our life would be, of course, enjoyable if we have pets. But we would enjoy a

much more meaningful life in a more harmonious world if the two human neighbors started

talking to each other in a friendly way, just like the two dogs.

******************************************************


36

In the picture, a group of

volunteers are peacefully queuing in a

line, waiting their turns to donate blood.

The vivid and moving scene leaves an

impression on those standing nearby who, having their doubts about whether to give or not.

Of course, if we want to “ask for” support as a member of any community, we should first

learn to “give” support to others.

Since we are social creatures, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on

social support, which consists of the exchange of resources based on interpersonal ties.

Social resources are accumulated through the contribution coming from each person who

should show others kindness and sympathy, without which life would be intolerable. If

nobody took on the responsibility for the common good of society, there would be no social

support. It follows naturally that we have to be aware of our responsibility for the

well-being of other citizens.

Without making a commitment to society, it is unlikely that we will be treated

with a blood transfusion when needed or when we ask for social benefits. It is advisable

that those standing hesitantly should join in the group in the picture. (about 200 words)

******************************************************


37

As is manifested in this thought-conducive

cartoon, the man refuses to clear the floor, claiming

unreasonably that he only intends to realize his great

ambition “revitalizing China”. When asked to do some

chores, he replies that his weapon can be a pen, not a broom. It is inevitable that his neglect

of trivial things will ultimately wreck his ambitions.

There seems to be a general assumption that brilliant people cannot choose to do

trivial things; that they need to draw attention to great ambitions in order to do their best. It

is also assumed that dull people are particularly suited for small details. Actually, there is

no evidence that people who achieve much disregard, let alone contempt, the role of this

virtue.

Given all this, we should bear in mind the motto, “we do not think any vice trivial,

and so practice it; we do not think any virtue, and so neglect it”. If we never cares about

petty things, how can we gain our goal? (about 170 words)

******************************************************


38

(1) We Chinese people place a high value on responsibility, as can be learned from the

cartoon above. The dutiful guard stands upright, rain or shine, protecting rice crops from

harmful birds.

(2) Whatever our jobs or statuses, we cannot do without responsibilities during the

journey of life. For example, a son or daughter should take on the duty to support the parent,

just as a parent takes care of a child. Another case in point is the role of a traffic policeman,

especially in the case of traffic light failures. Were it not for the dutiful performance of a

policeman in whatever harsh weather conditions, the traffic would become a total chaos.

(3) As far as the concept of a harmonious and humanitarian society is concerned, attention

should be duly paid to responsibility. If every one of us were a responsible citizen, our

society would be a more harmonious place to live in.


39

应用文：“天道酬勤”—— 精彩篇

①感谢你给我工作的机会 / 作为…（职位描述）。我写此信是为了告诉您我打算辞职。// 经我犹豫再三，但

还是要告诉您我的决定。②（分析原因）…。//（具体阐释原因的重要侧面） … 。③做出辞职这个决定我十分难过。// 如果需要，我可以推荐一个人接替我的工作。 // Thank you for your time and attention.

①I felt extremely sorry to hear that … has ….. （交代事件） This painfulnews reached me this morning, and I was … （吃惊） that I could not realizethe fact at first.②（反应）The sad news has put me in full sympathy withyou. Please accept the deepest sympathy of all your friends here, and of myself

personally. I quite understand your feeling now, but you are in duty bound to look to yourhealth and to take care of your family affairs. This would be impossible if you indulge yourfeeling only in grief.③Please accept my deep and true sympathy.

①我写此信以表达对你（您）的热烈欢迎。②（表达态度）当听说这个消息时，我十分激动，难以入眠，（...）。//（建议）现在的天气很 …，所以 you’d better…(do). 此外，…。③届时，我将亲自去迎接你在…。// 祝你旅途愉快。

①我写这封信，为了表达我真诚的谢意 to you for…（话题）。②（背景事件，使用过去时） … 。//（详尽阐释事件中有感染力的侧面） … 。//（评价）要不是由于您的帮助，我就不可能… 。 ③（知恩图报）It will be my pleasure return your … in the future when ….// 请再次接受我的真诚的感谢和最好的祝福。// 我希望在不久将来能见到你。

①（作为） …（职位或身份），我很高兴听说您（你）想要寻求某些建议关于 …（话题），/ in order to … （目的和背景）（地点和时间）。②在我看来…,我们最好 …（建议提出）。// To be exact,…（具体化一个有感染力的侧面）。 // Also, to you, I highly recommend that ….

篇章组织

辞职信

吊唁信

欢迎辞

感谢信

建议信


40

③我希望，我的意见能够对 … 所有帮助。而且若有疑问，请随时与我联系。

①我写这封信主要是想劝你 … （话题）。I believe you would benefit alot if you...②（具体化话题）… 。//（详细阐释劝告的理由）… 。③ I would be very glad if you could take my advice and have seriousconsideration …. / Best wishes for you.

①我了解到 from…（消息来源） that您（们）正在招聘…。我的具体条件如下。②我的专业是… ，刚毕业于…（学校）。除了我的优秀学业，我在…（方面）也有强烈的兴趣。更重要的是，我有丰富的经历 inthis field due to my work at …（具体单位）。③我真心感谢您对我申请的关注，// 敬请盼复。

通知的目的是传递信息或分配信息，包含内容、时间和地点。如果是

活动，应该涉及参加的人员范围；如果是讲座或报告，应该包含讲演人的

简单介绍。（notice; activity; participants; lecture; report; speech）

①我写这封信的目的是抱怨 ….（交代话题）。②（交代事件，使用过去时或完成时） … 。//（详细介绍问题所在，一般现在时） … 。③We trust you will consider this matter seriously and make an effort toprevent the reoccurrence of such things. // I would appreciate your help indealing with this matter and thank you for your attention. // If I do receive any

satisfying response, I will further complain to the Customer Protection Association.

①我十分高兴推荐 …，who is我的 …，to do （目的和事由）（地点和时间）。②…（他或她）是一位 …（职位或身份）。//…（他或她）毕业于 …（学校）（时间），and 从那时起我们就成为了好朋友。//…（他或她）在 …方面有丰富的经验和专业知识。 // …（他或她）的确

是一位勤奋、负责、认真和可靠的人。 ③我将不胜感激，如果您能够给…（他或她）机会。// 希望尽快得到您的回复。

劝告信

求职信

通知

投诉信

推荐信


41

①我非常难过 when我听说…（交代事件）。This is a special moment foryou and all your friends, and I am prepared to share the sorrow with you.②（背景事件，使用过去时态）… 。/（详述一个有感染力的侧面）… 。//（反应）You should take your ease and do not worry about the work. I willhelp during your absence these days.//（分析事件可能造成的影响） … 。

③With best wishes for your quick and complete recovery. //祝你好运。

①我写此信的目的是为了询问 about …。（交代事件）。②（介绍）我打算 … and 想知道一些信息 on (about) …。//（阐述其中的有感染力的侧面并阐释理由）…。③I will be much obliged if you can help me….Please feel free to call me at… for further questions.

①我十分高兴（荣幸 / 愉快） to invite you to be…（目的和事由）（地点和时间）。②（交代事件，使用将来时或将来进行时） … 。//（详细介绍，一般现在时）… 。//（细节补充）During your stay in …, we wouldlike to offer you …, (which is free of charge. //（评价）Since 你（您）是一

位有经验的… in 方面, and 您的… 将对…有好处。③We sincerely hope you canattend. // We (I) would appreciate it very much if you could accept our invitation. // Hopeto hear from you at your earliest convenience.

①我写这封信的目的是为了向您表达歉意，for…（话题）。②（背景事件，使用过去时态） … 。//（详尽阐释事件中感人的侧面） … 。//（分析造成事件的原因） … 。//（分析事件可能造成的影响） … 。③请再次接受我的真诚的歉意。

①我十分高兴获悉 that你…（交代事件）。This is a special moment foryou and all your friends, and I am very happy to share the pleasure withyou.②（背景事件，使用过去时态） … 。//（评价）每个人都说你获此殊荣当之无愧，也表明你的… 已经得到了人们的认可。//（分析事

件可能造成的影响） … 。③祝你好运，而且在未来的…获得更大的成功。

慰问信

询问信

邀请信

致歉信

祝贺信


42

1 通知

【优秀范文赏析】

NOTICEProfessor Smith of California University has been

invited to give a talk on how to choose your favoritecareer in this modern society. ... The talk will be given in the First Lecture Theater inthe library, on Friday, June 10, from 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. All those who areinterested are expected to be present on time and questions are welcome.

June 3, 2016Principal’s Office

************************************************************


Dear Sir or Madam,Having seen your advertisement in today’s China

Daily for a translator, I can’t wait to write thisapplication for the post because I think I have the

qualifications you are seeking.I graduated from Ji Lin University and majored in applied linguistics. I got the

master degree in 1998. I am now teaching English at a college in Beijing. During thesix years of teaching career, I have always tried to achieve the best teaching results.Meanwhile, I also try to improve my English level as well. I once received sixmonths training of translating skills and successfully obtained the certificate fortranslator of the top level. I am responsible for every task I take and I am energeticand easy-going. I trust that you and your colleagues will find my service satisfactoryif I have the honor to be accepted.

I am sure you realize that a letter and a resume (which I’ve enclosed) canconvey a limited sense of a person’s motivation and qualifications. I would begrateful if you could grant me an interview. Looking forward to your favorable reply.

Sincerely,Liming

************************************************************

2 申请（求职）


43


Dear Mayor,I am writing this letter to express my gratitude to

you for your warm hospitality accorded to me and mydelegation during our recent visit to your beautiful

city.During the entire visit, my delegation and I were overwhelmed by the

enthusiasm expressed by your business representatives. I sincerely hope we couldhave more exchanges like this one when we would be able to continue our interestingdiscussion on possible ways to expand our bilateral economic and trade relations.

I am looking forward to your early visit to our city when I will be able to payback some of the hospitality I received during my memorable stay in your beautifulcity. With kind personal regards.

Faithfully yours,Li Ming,

************************************************************


Dear Manager,Much to my dismay, I write this to launch a

complaint against one of your shop assistants abouther bad service in the course of our shopping in your

shop yesterday.Yesterday about 10 o’clock in the morning, my friend and I came into your shop

with the intention to buy a vase. One of your shop assistants, whose badge number is12 if I get it right, was asked to remove the dust from some of the vases. Instead ofattending her duty and acting in a polite manner, the assistant turned a deaf ear to ourrequest and walked away murmuring in a sarcastic manner. Great is ourembarrassment to meet with such an awkward occasion.

We wish you could look into this unsatisfactory state of affairs and take steps toprevent a recurrence of offensive conduct of this kind.

Faithfully yours,Li Ming,

3.感谢

4投诉


44

************************************************************


Dear Prof. Wang,A conference on English Teaching Reform will

be held in our university next Wednesday as a part ofthe International Teaching Reform Forum. As you areone of the most famous professors and have done

much research in the field, we’d like to invite you to the conference and give aspeech on the topic. Enclosed is our preliminary schedule for the conference whichwill be reviewed in this week. If you can come, please call us at (010)66878126 andtell us what you need. I can assure you that we’ll make everything convenient.

Sincerely yours,Liming


Dear Wanglei,I’m greatly delighted to hear that recently you

were appointed Chairman of the Students union.Yesterday when I was told of this news, I felt so proud

of you.I believe you are the best candidate for the position. You constantly work hard

and have excellent ability in organization and coordination of campus activities. Thework you did at the Student Union was well done in the last year. I also believe youare sure to display your outstanding talents in the future.

We will support you all the time. Our warmest congratulations!Faithfully yours,

Li Ming,************************************************************

5 邀请

6祝贺


45


Dear Mary,I apologize again for the last minute cancellation

of our National Day plans. You had put so much workinto arranging the party.

I felt very bad about having to fly to New Yorkon company business at the last minute. I hope this box of chocolate can do a little tomake up for the disappointment. Let’s plan to make that trip we’ve been talkingabout — just the two of us.

All my love,Li Ming,


Dear Liu,How are you feeling now? We do hope that you

are doing well after the operation on your injuredankle. Indeed, we were greatly shocked last night tolearn that you were knocked down by a truck while

cycling back to the campus.We are coming to see you on Thursday evening after class and we hope that

your condition will be remarkably improved by then. We have also decided to helpyou catch up with your studies as soon as your health permits.

If there is anything else we can do for you before we come, do let us know. Justdrop us a line. Let us all send our best wishes for a speedy recovery.

Yours cordially,Li Ming,


Dear Helen,I’m sorry to hear that you suffered a heart attack

last week, and hope that you have gotten better now.

7 致歉

8慰问

9建议


46

You have always worked so hard and have no time to enjoy your life. Youknow, in this competitive society keeping health is very important. Therefore, takingregular exercises is of great help. Don’t regard it as a waste of time. No health, therewill be nothing.

My advice is that as soon as you are recovered, take some exercise every day.Don’t sit in front of a computer all the time. It will do you no good.

Cordially,Li Ming,

************************************************************


Dear Sir or Madam,In reply to Mr. John Smith’s request for a letter

of recommendation, I have great pleasure to write thisletter in his favor.

Mr. Smith had been working with me for four years in the capacity ofconfidential clerk. We were on very good working terms. He left me just because hisfamily moved to your city.

During the years he was in my service, his work was highly appreciated byeveryone in my firm. He was conscientious to his work and responsible for hisclients. I am sure you will find him strictly honest, hardworking and intelligent in thebest sense of the word, as I found him here.

Faithfully yours,Liming

************************************************************


Dear Sir or Madam,I am organizing a group of students to pay a visit

to the historical exhibition in your town. I am writingthe letter for the purpose of inquiring aboutinformation concerning the following aspects.

First of all, what is the size of the exhibition, what is its theme and what objects

10 推荐（介绍）

11 询问（咨询）


47

are on display? Secondly, what are the dates between which the exhibition will beheld, and what are the daily opening hours?

I have to point out that I hope to bring over students to the exhibition. So I waswondering if there is any discount available on entrance ticket for students. I lookforward to your reply.

Faithfully yours,Liming

************************************************************


Dear Classmates,I’m writing to encourage all of you to participate

in the charity sale for children who need help. Thesale will be held in front of the Main Building of ouruniversity on Tuesday between 9.a.m. to 5 p.m. On

the sale day, many children will come and join us.It is a good time to show our great love and care, and we can make children live

a better life by contributing what we have. Younger generations are the future of ournation. It is a great opportunity for us to make contributions to building a betterworld for them to live in. There will be a rich variety of things at the sale, includingsome handicrafts made by children themselves.

I am sure you can find there something that interests you.Sincerely Yours,

Liming************************************************************


Dear Sir,I was interested to read H Anderson’s letter about

people not using our public parks (Brownsville News,2.8.02). He said that he is disappointed thatBrownsville people do not appreciate or use the

beautiful parks that we have in this city.I agree with him that people do not appreciate the parks. However, I disagree

12 呼吁（倡议）

13 至编辑的信


48

about people not using them. Indeed, it is very obvious that some people use theparks because we can see all the litter they leave behind. In fact, it seems thatBrownsville people use our parks as rubbish dumps.

It is disgusting to see the drink cans, food cartons, broken bottles and cigarettebutts lying all over the ground. Come on, Brownsville people, are you human beingsor pigs?If you want to live in a filthy mess at home, that’s up to you, but don’t leaveyour garbage in our parks. You are not only ruining our lovely natural environment,but you are setting a bad example for our children. Dirty people who litter should beashamed of themselves!

B. RoserBrownsville

************************************************************


Contributions WantedTo warmly celebrate the fifth anniversary of the

founding of the People’s Republic of China, thismagazine has decided to publish a special issue withemphasis on reports on our great achievements on all

walks of life in modern society and on the brilliant prospects for the open policy ofour country. Teachers, students and workers are welcome to send in theircontributions in whatever form or style before Sep. 25.

The Editorial Department of“Green Grass” Monthly

************************************************************

14 启事


49

应用文句式、语域

1. It is constantly gratifying to receive a complimentary

letter like yours. 接到您来信的赞美，我们不胜感激。（语体较

正式，委婉）

2. I would like to express my gratitude / thanks. 我愿在此

向您表示感谢。（语体较正式，委婉）

3. Please accept my thanks for the very pleasant time I spent on Tuesday evening

at your office. 星期二，我在你处度过了一个愉快的夜晚，请接受我的谢意。（语体

较随意，非正式）

4. We shall esteem it (as) a favor if you will inform us soon. 如蒙早日通知, 不胜

感谢。（语体较正式，委婉）

1. It was a pleasure for me to help you. 能帮助你使我高兴。

2. I’m only too glad to have been of help to you. 对你能有

所帮助十分高兴。（语体较正式，委婉）

3. I’m glad to have been of service to you. 我很高兴能为您

效劳。（语体较正式，委婉）

4. I’m delighted to have been able to do you this service. 能为您效劳十分高兴。

1. Much to my regret I was unable to keep my promise to

attend your birthday party. 未能应约赴生日宴，殊觉抱歉。（语

体较正式，委婉）

2. I am afraid that you will think me unpardonably

negligent in not having answered your letter dated 7 December sooner. 请原谅

我收到您 12月 7日的来信后迟迟未复。（语体较正式，委婉）

3. I am terribly sorry to tell you that I have lost the valuable book you were so

kind to lend me last week. 很抱歉，上星期您借给我的那本书竟遗失了。（语体较随

意，非正式）

4. Please accept my regrets, and I’ll try to make it next year. 未能出席，深表歉意，

我争取明年参加。（语体较随意，非正式）

表示感谢

Gratitude

表示感谢的应答

表示道歉


50

1. I am extremely sorry to hear about your illness. 听说你病了，我深感不安。

2. We have just learned with profound sorrow the sad news.

得悉这一悲痛的消息，我们无比悲伤。（语体较正式，委婉）

3. I wish there was something I could say or do to soften

your grief. 但愿我能以什么言词或行动来安慰您。（语体较正

式，委婉）

4. We all join in sending you our heartfelt love. 我们向您致以热忱的问候。

1. Will you come to a luncheon on Friday, May 5th, at

twelve o’clock? 您能在 5月 5日星期五中午 12点钟来吃午饭

吗? （语体较正式，委婉）

2. It would give us great pleasure to have your presence at

a reception in honor of the Chinese delegation. 如您能够出席为中国代表团而举

行的招待会，我们将感到十分荣幸。（语体较正式，委婉）

3. I’m putting together a birthday party at my house tomorrow night. Can you

make it? 明天晚上我准备在我家举行一个生日晚会。你能来吗？

4. Drop by sometime if you have nothing on. 如果你没事，什么时候过来坐坐。（语

体较随意，非正式）

1. Is there anything else you would like me to do? 还有什

么别的事要我做吗？

2. Let’s go Dutch. 让我们各付各的帐吧。（语体较随意，非正

式）

3. I’m not expert, but I’ll be happy to help you. 我不是专家，但我很乐意帮你一把。

4. If you like, I could make you a suit. 如果你喜欢，我可以给你做套衣服。（语体较

正式，委婉）

1. I am free that evening and will be glad to meet and talk

with you about language learning. 我那天晚上方便，很愿意

前去拜会你们并与你们讨论语言学习方面的问题。（语体较正

表示遗憾和同情

表示邀请

表示提议

表示接受和谢绝


51

式，委婉）

2. I had hoped that it would be possible for me to be there, but I now find the rush

of business makes it impractical. 起初我希望能够出席此次大会，但现在发现公务

繁忙，故不能到会。（语体较正式，委婉）

3. Well, I’d like to, but I’m sure I haven’t time. 唔，我很想去，就是担心没有时间。

4. Well, that’s very kind of you, but I’m afraid I can’t manage Sunday. I’ve got

something else on. 唔，你太好了。不过我星期天来不了。我有一些别的事。（语体

较随意，非正式）

1. I think the TV station should air more sports games. 我

觉得电视台应该播放更多的体育节目。

2. I was about to tell you about it too. 我也正想跟你谈一谈

这件事呢。

3. I guess you need to take more care of yourself. 我想你得更好地照顾你自己。（语


4. I meant to clean the room. But it really takes a lot of time. 我本想清理一下房间。

可是这的确很费时间。

1. Let us congratulate you on your graduation from

university. 我们祝贺你大学毕业。（语体较随意，非正式）

2. My wife and I join in sending our best wishes. 我和我妻

子同向您致意。

3. May the years ahead fulfill all your hopes. 愿您在今后的岁月里能实现您的一切

愿望。

4. Congratulations and sincere good wishes on your birthday. 对您的生日致以祝

贺，并表示真挚而美好的祝愿。

1. It is necessary that you should learn from him. 你向他学习是必要的。（语体较随

意，非正式）

2. I must phone my daughter, she’ll be worried about me.

我必须给我女儿打电话，她会为我担心的。

表示意愿

表示祝贺

表示义务和必须


52

3. I want you to observe me closely while I’m making the experiment. 我做实验

时我要你们仔细地观察。

4. I’m gaining weight these days, and I have to watch my calories. 我最近的体重

在增加，我得控制体重了。

1. I was wondering if I could write her a letter. 我在想不知

可不可以给她写封信。（语体较客气）

2. Do I have your permission? 你允许吗？（语体较客气）

3. Do you have any objection if I take a day off? 如果我休

息一天你反对吗？（语体较客气）

4. Please don’t hesitate to do that. 这事请放心去做。（语体较随意，非正式）

1. I couldn’t agree more. 我再赞成不过了。（语体较正式）

2. I wish I could agree with you, but Peter’s working hard.

我真希望能与您意见一致，但是彼得工作很努力。

3. I beg to differ with you on this matter. 请允许我在这件事

上跟您意见分歧。

4. I agree in principle, but our emotions exist anyway. 原则上我同意，但不管怎么

说我们的情感是存在的。

1. Frankly speaking, I wasn’t satisfied with it. 坦白而言，我

不太满意。

2. It was marvelous. I’m more than pleased. 棒极了。我太高

兴了。

3. I was rather disappointed. 我很失望。

4. I’d expect it to be much better. 我原指望它会好得多。

1. Sam, I really appreciate talking with you. 山姆，我真的很

喜欢跟你交谈。

2. I really hate gossiping. 我真的不喜欢说三道四。

3. I couldn’t say smoking appeals to me very much. 我不能

表示允许

表示同意和不同意

表示满意与不满意

表示喜欢或不喜欢


53

说吸烟对我有多大吸引力。

4. She said that she was really pleased with the photography of this movie. 她说

她喜欢这部电影的摄影。

1. I wonder if you could keep the noise down a little. 请问

你能不能小一点声音？（委婉）

2. Aren’t you ashamed of your selfish behavior? 你不为你

的自私行为感到羞耻吗？（语气强烈）

3. I’m afraid you have no right to be so rude. 恐怕您没有权力这么粗鲁无礼。

4. You shouldn’t have left early. 你不应该早走的。（语体较正式，委婉）

1. They recommended that the machine be over hauled. 他

们建议把机器彻底检查。

2. He proposed that none of the dictionaries be taken away

from the library. 他建议一本字典也不要从图书馆拿走。

3. His recommendation is that the experiment be repeated. 他的建议是，实验要重

做。

4. Are you sure you ought to drink when you’re driving? 你觉得驾车时应该喝酒

吗？

1. I’ll keep my promise that you can go with me next time.

我说话算数，下次让我和你一起去。

2. She gave a promise that the product can be returned

back if it is not good enough. 她答应如果产品不好可以退

货。

3. I just have the feeling of being promised the moon, and then cheated! 我感觉好

像是刚听到了一个好听的诺言，但随后就被欺骗了。

4. Are you going back on your word? 你要食言吗？

1. Don’t beat around the bush. 别拐弯抹角。（语体较随意，

表示责怪和抱怨

表示劝告和建议

表示承诺

表示提醒


54

非正式）

2. Be aware of those who fish in troubled waters. 小心那些混水摸鱼的人。（语体较

随意，非正式）

3. You’d better stay away from that man. 你最好离那人远一点儿。（语体较正式，委

婉）

4. Don’t try any tricks! 不要耍花招！（语体较随意，非正式）

1. Is it serious? How is it going? 严重吗？情况怎么样？（语


2. It’s a worry to me whether she’s able to pass the exam.

我担心她考试不能及格。

3. I’m scared that she might not come back. 我担心她可能不回来了。

4. I’m afraid he might be considering it. 我担心他在考虑这件事。

1. Nothing had begun to interest her so much as folk music.

根本没有什么东西曾经像民间音乐那样引起她的兴趣。

2. His interest in the subject was awakened by the book. 这

本书使他对这门学科产生了兴趣。

3. The play aroused his enthusiasm. 这剧本引起了他的极大兴趣。

4. He doesn’t know much about the subject, but he’s very enthusiastic. 他对这事

所知不多，但却极感兴趣。

高教版权威复习资料推荐

表示焦虑

表示兴趣


55

【标题：Imagine if

you could delete bad

memories.】

研究表明刻意遗忘事情是可以的

（deliberate forgetting），这还可能成为一种生活技巧（life skill）。本文选自《卫

报》的科普文章，听听专家们怎么说。

这段文字虽然没有超刚词，但词汇和短语使用得相当的生动。今天的句子具有背

诵价值。

【精选】(1) It might come as a surprise to learn that until recently, there was little scientific

evidence that people could have any deliberate influence on their rates of forgetting. (2) But

in the last few years, a small family of experimental techniques have showed that, under the

right conditions, we can in fact deliberately forget things. (3) The effects are subtle, but

nonetheless suggestive: being able to forget at will would, after all, be a killer life skill.

【解词】

deliberate: a. (1)深思熟虑的 (2)故意的

subtle：a. （1）微妙的（2）不明显的

suggestive: a. （1）暗示的（2）挑逗性的

at will: 随意；任意

【解句】

1、第（1）句关键在于三个 that（连词）的理解。句子的主干：It might then come as a

夏老师每日一学

20160515


56

surprise。其中，形式主语 it 代替 to learn that until recently, there was little scientific

evidence that people could have any deliberate influence on their rates of forgetting 部分。

2、第（1）句细化分析：that there was little scientific evidence 作 learn 的宾语从句，其中

until recently 作时间插入语。that people ... forgetting 部分是 evidence 的同位语从句。

3、第（2）句连词 that 引导 have showed 的宾语从句。其中 under the right conditions 为

插入语表达条件。介词短语 in fact 加强了作者的语气。

4、第（3）句可切分为三个层次。第一层 the effects are subtle，第二层 but nonetheless

suggestive，这两层之间为转折关系。冒号之后为第三层次，解释第二层次内容，

being able to forget would be a life skill。

【译文】

（1）直到最近，几乎没有科学证据表明人们能够刻意去影响遗忘率，大家对此会倍

感惊异。（2）但是，在过去的几年里，一类不起眼的实验技术表明，在合适的条件下，

我们其实可以刻意忘记的事情。（3）效果不易察觉，但却是诱人的：想忘就忘的能力

毕竟是 killer 的生活技能。

【作业】问：你今天对于 killer 一词的意思怎么理解的？这个词的意思很多: （A）

杀人者，凶手（B）致命物，消灭…者（C）棘手的事（D）迷人的人，精彩的事

物”。

【答】[D]

帮学堂配套讲义...

Documents