eetd-agm presentation (may-2009).ppt - iem · (equivalent to rm 43 a year at the residential...
TRANSCRIPT
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Institution of Engineers Malaysia
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Why Do We Need EE?
1) National Energy Security
2) Individual & National Economic Benefits
3) Conducive Working Environment3) Conducive Working Environment
4) Industrial & Commercial Competitiveness
5) Environmental Benefits for a Cleaner World
6) A Better Life Style &
7) Ensure Sustainability for Our future Generations IEM – EETD AGM
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Electricity Demand Projections and 9MP Targets for EE
Demand Savings with EE (Elasticity 1.5 to 1.3)
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
MW
Dem
and
Elasticity 1.5Demand growth BAU
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Year
MW
Dem
and
Reduction of 833 MW (2010)
Demand growth EEElasticity 1.3
IEM – EETD AGM
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Potential Savings from EE Initiatives: 2007 – 2010
Capital Investment & Energy Use Savings(Based on Demand Reduction of 833 MW)
Capital Investment Savings (Gen) 4,163 RM (bn)
Capital Investment Savings (T & D) 1,665 RM (bn)
Energy Use Reduction 2007 to 2010 (at RM Energy Use Reduction 2007 to 2010 (at RM 0.25/kWh) 2,694 RM (b
(Consumer Energy Cost Savings)
Total Savings fro 2007 to 2010 8,523 RM (bn)
Gas Subsidy Savings (at RM 0.20/kWh) 2,156 RM (bn)
Carbon Dioxide Emission Reductions 6,586 Tn (m)
IEM – EETD AGM
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How Do We Achieve EE on Demand Side
1) Insulation for houses, offices & industrial premises to provide comfortable environment –
• Reduced thermal stress
• greater productivity
2) Use of EE appliances & equipment through Regulatory 2) Use of EE appliances & equipment through Regulatory measures & Incentives-
• Use of HEMs• Replacement of incandescent lamps• Use of 5-STAR Refrigerators• Use of EE (high EER) Air Conditioners• Replacement of older plant & machinery
IEM – EETD AGM
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Roof Insulation
Cost Savings
potential when insulation the roof
Payback time28°C 26°C 24°C 22°C
Assumptions:Electricity = 0.25 RM/kWh
Annual saving, air con 22,2 30,0 39,4 50,0 kWh/m² ceilingAnnual saving 5,6 7,5 9,9 12,5 RM/m² ceilingInsulation cost 25,0 25,0 25,0 25,0 RM/m² ceilingPayback, simple 4,0 3,0 2,3 1,8 years
IEM – EETD AGM
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Potential Energy Savings – EE Buildings
Source: “Design Strategies for Energy Efficiency in New Buildings (non-Domestic)” KTAK/JKR/Danida book on Energy Efficiency in Buildings 2004.
IEM – EETD AGM
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Normal buildings (Kuala Lumpur)LEO building(Putrajaya)
Malaysian Office BuildingsContinuous improvement of Energy Efficiency
Energy Indices ( kWh/m2year)
250
300
Typical ConsumptionZEO building
(Bangi)
0
50
100
150
200
250
NormalBuildings
LEOBuilding
ZEOBuilding
ECBuilding
Typical Consumption200 – 300 kWh/m2year
2001 2006 ( 2015) Benchmark year:
EC Building (Putrajaya)
IEM – EETD AGM
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GOOD CASE STUDY GOOD CASE STUDY
YEARCONSUMPTION
(RM)
RATE PER GROSS AREA (RM/m2/mth)
ENERGY USAGE
(kWH/mth)
ENERGY INDEX
(kWH/m2/yr)
MAX. DEMAND (kW/mth)
2001 1.99 mil 1.54 643,037 117.9 1,844
2002 1.84 mil 1.42 585,772 107.4 1,736
2003 1.74 mil 1.34 551,865 101.2 1,561
2004 1.36 564,726 103.6 1,605
180,000
200,000
Electricity Consumption 2001, 2002 & 2003
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Months
RM
2001 2002 2003
Sec
uriti
es C
omm
issi
on M
alay
sia
IEM – EETD AGM
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IEM – EETD AGM
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Bangunan Persekutuan KemamanBangunan Persekutuan Kemaman
21,000.0022,000.0023,000.0024,000.0025,000.00
PurataRM 22,868.40
PENJIMATAN
KKR’s Consortia Case Study
5,000.006,000.007,000.008,000.00
9,000.0010,000.0011,000.0012,000.0013,000.00
14,000.00
15,000.0016,000.00
17,000.0018,000.0019,000.0020,000.00
Jul-03 Aug-03 Sep-03 Oct-03 Nov-03 Dec-03 Jan-04 Feb-04
Bulan
Bil
Bul
anan
( R
M )
Purata PenjimatanRM 18,072.62
PENJIMATANRM 4,876.37
IEM – EETD AGM
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Benchmark – Is your building efficient??
Higher ranking, better performance
Bangunan Persekutuan Maran
What's your building RATING??
124.00 71
BEI Ranking
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60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Ranking
Higher ranking, better performance
Your occupancy rate is 44.68 m2/occupant
of the buildings are more efficient than your building
29% :
TOWARDS EFFICENT
Now, your building performance is at:-
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
0 100 200 300 400 500
Building Energy Index (BEI), kWh/m2/yr
more efficient less efficient
IEM – EETD AGM
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IEM – EETD AGM
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Details
Oleochemical Factory, 55-kW
Rubber Factory, 18.5-kW Wood Factory, 37-kW
Standard HEM Standard (Local)
HEM (Local) Standard HEM
Actual Motor Market Price RM11,300 RM 24,000 RM1,848 RM2,775 RM6,750 RM13,500
Price after deduction of 10% No
�-3�/� ������4�1/������*� ��5 ��6 ������������
deduction of 10% Sales Tax (on Local
& Imported HEM)
No change RM21,818 No change RM2,523 No change RM12,273
Price after deduction of 15% Import Duty (on Imported Motor)
No changeRM18,972
No change NA (local
motor)No change
RM10,672
Incremental Cost Without Tax Exemption
RM12,700 RM925 RM6,750
Incremental Cost With Tax
ExemptionRM7,672 RM673 RM3,922
IEM – EETD AGM
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Description
Oleochemical Factory, 55-kW
Rubber Factory, 18.5-kW
Wood (MDF) Factory, 37-kW
Without Gov. Tax Incentive
With Gov. Tax
Incentive
Without Gov. Tax Incentive
With Gov. Tax Incentive
Without Gov. Tax Incentive
With Gov. Tax
Incentive
Price PremiumPrice Premium RM12,700 RM7672 RM 925 RM 673 RM 6,750 RM 3,922
Annual SavingsAnnual Savings RM 4,998 RM 192 RM 1,456
Running HoursRunning Hours 7,000 4,380 4,380
Payback PeriodPayback Period 2.5 yrs 1.5 yrs 4.81 yrs 3.5 yrs 4.6 yrs 2.7 yrs
Return On Return On Investment (15 Investment (15 years lifetime)years lifetime)
33% 58% 14% 22% 15% 31%
IEM – EETD AGM
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IEM - PPEE
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Endorsement LabelEndorsement Label
EE Refrigerators - Look for the Stars!
Endorsement LabelEndorsement Label
IEM – EETD AGM
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Savings from EE Lighting
Lamp type
Lamp life hours
Lamp load (watts)
Lamp cost RM
Lifetime energy cost/unit
Total lifetime cost RM
Lifetime savings RM
Incande 1,000 60 1.70 156.00 173.00 0Incandescent
1,000 60 1.70 156.00 173.00 0
CFL 10,000
16 17 41.6 58.60 114.40
IEM – EETD AGM
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Savings from EE Refrigerators
A 5-Star fridge uses about 25% less electricity than a normal (3-Star) model. For a fridge of 200 to 250 litres the saving is about 150 kWh per year under test conditions. (equivalent to RM 43 a year at the residential electricity tariff of 28.9 sen / kWh). Actual saving is greater in normal operation.
Price difference
Electricity saving / year
Payback period years (for higher
Net saving for 10 years use (simple difference
RMsaving / year
RMyears (for higher
cost)years use (simple
payback basis)
200.0 43.35 4.6 years 233.50
As fridges last for more than 10 years this gives an attractive saving potential as the electricity tariffs will increase over the time period concerned.
IEM – EETD AGM
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� In spite of ST’s promotion for EE Refrigerators (5-Star) under the DANIDA
EE/DSM project, such fridges are no longer available on the market.
� Manufacturers “refuse” to bring in 5-Star Fridges due to higher cost but
without incentives (e.g. Import Duty & Sales Tax exemptions)
EE Refrigerators - Look for the Stars!
� Import Duty & Sales Tax exemptions should be provided on a blanket
approval basis to make EE Fridges (& other appliances) cost competitive
� The Government should declare that it will buy only 5-Star Fridges to
encourage importers to bring 5-Star Fridges to the local market.
IEM – EETD AGM
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A/C Chiller Savings Potential
KW Saving / RT 0.20 Tariff RM/kWh 0.30
Payback calculations on total investment for Hi-Eff chillers
A/C operating
Energy savings
Energy cost savings RM/an
SPP on total cost – years (at RM 1,300 per RT operating
hours/ansavings kWh/an
savings RM/an (at RM 1,300 per RT capacity)
2,000 400 120 10.8
3,000 600 180 7.2
4,000 800 240 5.4
5,000 1,000 300 4.3
IEM – EETD AGM
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Anecdotal Evidence – Effect of Rain
Anecdotal evidence indicates that rain in the Klang Valley causes the
electrical system demand in P. Malaysia (TNB system) to drop by about
3%.
Klang Valley demand is about 50% of system demand.
System MD MW Rain induced MD reduction (at 3%)
Current System MD (TNB)
13,500 405
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� DCMY shall:
� reduce energy
consumption by
25% before 2009
IKEA Distribution Centre (DCMY) Energy Efficiency Initiative
25% before 2009
� Reduce CO2
emission by 25%
before 2009
IEM – EETD AGM
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DCMY – Management Commitment
� Appoint a project leader to lead the energy efficiency management
� An Energy committee represented by different departments support in implementation of energy saving plan.
� Endorsed a Guideline for Energy Efficiency Management –with reference to IKEA’s Sustainability Direction
� Energy saving recognized as one of the business KPI and goals for co-workers bonus scheme
� Endorsed an inter-departmental energy saving competition to create awareness (among co-workers)
IEM – EETD AGM
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Energy Efficiency Action Plan and status
Based on recommendation from Energy Audit done in 2006:� Replacement of Metal Halide lightings with T5 energy saving
fluorescent & fittings (electronic ballast) – 75% completion to date
� Rewiring by zone (in conjunction with general warehouse maintenance to replace old, worn out wiring) – allow co-maintenance to replace old, worn out wiring) – allow co-workers to switch on/off by zone – completed Dec, 2007
� Replace air-conditioner with split units equipped with invertors (split unit allows individual co-worker/dept to control and manage use of air-conditioning) – On-going
� Install transparent “smoke vent” - allow for use of natural sun light during the day – completed Oct 07
� Training and workshop (for co-workers) on Climate Change & Energy Efficiency – On-going
IEM – EETD AGM
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Status – Energy KPI(total kWh compared to total cubic meter of goodsflow handled)
FY07 FY06 FY05Kwh/m3 7.91 8.38 7.41
Kgco2/m3 5.49 5.82 5.15
FY05 as base year� Target to achieve by 2009: 5.55 Kwh/m3 (3.86
kgco2/m3)� Jan 08(FY08 to date): 6.05 Kwh/m3 (4.15 kgco2/m3)� Total investment (T5 Energy Saving fluorescent light):
RM228,000.00 (payback 1.9 yrs)IEM – EETD AGM
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� There is a need to develop & monitor industrial sector “Energy
Intensity” for specific processes for users to “Benchmark”
themselves against a “Best Practice” yardstick.
� Such benchmarks can help Energy Managers to aim for optimum
MIEEIP Saving Potential
� Such benchmarks can help Energy Managers to aim for optimum
energy efficiency performance in their facilities
� Such a practice has been in use for Buildings (Offices, Universities,
etc.)
IEM – EETD AGM
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Energy Savings Potential - Findings From Actual Energy Audits (MIEEIP*)
Energy Savings
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
Food
Woo
d
Ceram
ic
Cemen
t
Glass
Rubbe
rPulp
& p
aper
Iron
& stee
l
Tota
l
Average energy saving potential is about 28%* Malaysian Industrial Energy Efficiency Improvement Project
IEM – EETD AGM
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MIEEIP Saving Potential
Sector Straight Line Extrapolated
Electricity Savings (50%)
(MWh/yr)
Saved electricity generation and supply (Million/Yr)
Saved gas subsidy for power generation (Million/Yr)
Total Saved in Millions over a 15 Year life span
Cement N/A N/A N/A N/A
Glass 20,877 101.4 87.4 188.8 Glass 20,877 101.4 87.4 188.8
Food 45,496 220.9 190.5 411.4
Rubber N/A N/A N/A N/A
Wood 4,875 23.7 20.4 44.1
Ceramic N/A N/A N/A N/A
I & S 4,187 20.3 17.5 37.9
P & P 5,565 27.0 23.3 50.3
Total 80,999 393.3 339.1 732.5
IEM – EETD AGM
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Sector Straight Line Extrapolated Electricity Savings (MWh/yr)
Cement
Glass 20,877
Saved electricity generation and supply(Million/Yr)
Saved gas subsidy for power generation(Million/Yr)
Total Saved in Millions over A 15 Year life span!
101.4 87.4 188.8
MIEEIP Saving Potential (NPV over 15 years)
Glass 20,877
Food 45,496
Rubber
Wood 4,875
Ceramic
I & S 4,187
P & P 5,565
Total 80,999
101.4 87.4 188.8
220.9 190.5 411.4
23.7 20.4 44.1
20.3 17.5 37.9
27.0 23.3 50.3
393.3 339.1 732.5
IEM – EETD AGM
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Project Title : Replacement of oil fired heating system to wood fired heating system
ESCO : Mensilin Holdings Sdn Bhd / HOST : HeveaBoard Sdn Bhd / Sector : WOOD Accomplishment :-1. Project completed (August 2005)2. In a midst of reviewing and evaluation of the project by TA (Dr. Raju)3. Launching ceremony was held on 7 April 2006Forthcoming activities;
������������������
EXAMPLE OF MIEEIP DEMO PROJECT EXAMPLE OF MIEEIP DEMO PROJECT –– HEVEA BOARDHEVEA BOARD
Forthcoming activities;1. Monitoring and Verification carried out by ESCO
Description of Project Component E savings (GJ/yr)
C savings (th.RM/yr)
CO2 (t/yr)Cap Exp. (th.RM)
Payback Period (yr)
1. Replacement of oil-fired thermal oil heater to wood dust fired thermal oil heater
33412.2 714.0 2439.1 2160.0 3.0
IEM – EETD AGM
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Selected Case Studies
1. Installation of automatic controllers to improve energy efficiency of chillers in a hotel.
2. Replacement with energy efficient chillers for an office building
3. Retrofitting of Cooling Towers at an Electronic Manufacturing Facility – Energy & Water SavingsManufacturing Facility – Energy & Water Savings
4. Replacement of Existing Cross-flow Cooling Towers with Counter-flow Cooling Towers.
5. Retrofitting with Variable Speed Drive (VSD) for FAN of a Constant Air Volume Air Handling Unit (CAV AHU) serving hotel lobby.
6. Replacement of Industrial Drying Fans with Certified Performance Fans
IEM – EETD AGM
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Case Study – Chiller Plant Control
Installation of Chiller Plant Control system to
improve energy efficiency of chillers in a hotel
Case Study Results – Case 1
� Install automatic controllers
� Optimise chiller sequencing
� Provide soft start for 2nd chiller
�ROI for the 2 x 700RT < 2 years
IEM – EETD AGM
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Case Study – Chillers
Replacement with energy efficient chillers for an office
building
Case Study Results Case - 2
building
�Replace aging chillers 2 x 500RT
�Help protect environment
�Achieve improved EE with ROI < 6 years
IEM – EETD AGM
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Case Study Results – Case 3
Case Study – Cooling Towers
Retrofitting of Cooling Towers at an Electronic Manufacturing
Facility – Energy & Water Savings
� Replacing rotating sprinkler arms with stationary low
pressure water distribution system
� Add drift eliminator
� Adjust fan pitch angle
� Saves RM102,600 of water/year
� Saves RM12,816 electricity/yearIEM – EETD AGM
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Case Study Results – Case 4 (1)
Case Study – Cooling Towers
Replacement of Existing 4-Cell Cross-flow Cooling
Towers with 2-Cell Counter-flow Cooling TowersTowers with 2-Cell Counter-flow Cooling Towers
� 3000 HRT tower
� Added VSD for fan motors
� Fan motors reduced from 84 to 32.4 kW
IEM – EETD AGM
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Cooling Towers: Best Practice
Suggested methods of energy savings in cooling
towers
Case Study Results – Case 4 (2)
1. Reduce motor kW with VSD or 2-speed motors or HE
motors or install velocity recovery fan stack
2. Reduce ECWT by replacing infill, HE fans, improve water
treatment quality
3. Reduce water loss by installing drift eliminator
IEM – EETD AGM
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Case Study - Fans
Energy Savings by retrofitting VSD to an AHU FAN
serving a hotel lobby
Case Study Results – Case 5
1.To vary fan speed in accordance with load
demand for 24 hour operation
2. Savings of RM 9,600/year
3 ROI < 2 years
IEM – EETD AGM
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� Case Study – Certified Performance Fans
� Replacement of Industrial Drying fans with Certified
Performance Fans
Case Study Results – Case 6
� Replace unrated fans with performance certified fans
� for 24 nos 18.5 kW centrifugal fans
� Drying time reduced from 26 hours to 16 hours
� Savings of RM136,500/year
� ROI < 1 year
IEM – EETD AGM
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Fans: Best Practice
Suggested methods of energy savings that will reduce
Fan loads
Case Study Results – Case 6
1. Reduce air flow needs by eliminating leakage losses from
ducts, dampers; apply duty cycling operation
2. Reduce pressure loss by using better filters and flow
meters
3. Modify or select fan to meet exact duty
IEM – EETD AGM
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Fiscal Incentives for EE & RE
Information slides from MIDA (Malaysian Industrial Development Authority
explaining the respective incentives and application procedures can be
accessed as below:
Pioneer Status or Investment Tax Allowance for Renewable Energy (RE)
IEM – EETD AGM
Pioneer Status or Investment Tax Allowance for Energy Conservation
(Energy Efficiency-EE)
Import Duty & Sales Tax Exemptions
The government fiscal incentives are in addition to the MBIPV project
incentives indicated under the “Market” section of this project.
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Potential Savings from EE
Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Demand BAU MW
17,261 18,608 20,059 21,624 23,310 25,129 27,089 29,202BAU MW
Reduced Demand MW
17,261 18,590 20,003 21,504 23,095 24,781 26,565 28,451
Savings MW
0 18 56 120 215 348 524 751
IEM – EETD AGM
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Saving Potential vs Target
Year 1 2 3 4 5 6
A/C chillerreplacement MW
26 79 158 264 399 532
Passive insulation MW 8 24 48 80 120 160
Government facilitiessavings MW
20 40 60 80 100 100
Total potential savingsMW
54 143 266 424 519 792
Desired demandreduction MW
18 56 120 215 348 524
IEM – EETD AGM
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Demand Management
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TWO PART TARIFFTWO PART TARIFFAverage Energy Charge
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Tari
ff B
& C
1, S
en/ k
Wh
Average Energy Charge Medium Voltage
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0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00
Load Factor, pu
Tari
ff B
& C
1, S
en/ k
Wh
Medium Voltage Energy Charge (0.208 sen/ kWh)
Low Voltage Tariff (0.288sen / kWh)
Medium Voltage (Varies according to LF)
* LF = Annual total energy /Max. Demand x 8760
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Demand Limiting� Monitors power consumption over a sliding 30 minute interval
(this is the basis of the utility demand charges)� Projects average demand for each interval based on demand
during the first part of the interval� Compares projected
demand for the interval to a user-
500
Dem
and
(kW
)
Uncontrolled Demand
Load Management by Duty Cycling
12/08/05����������
demand for the interval to a user-defined target for maximum demand
� Selectively sheds loads (turns off equipment) to ensurethat demand staysbelow the target
400
420
440
460
480
Dem
and
(kW
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Time (Hours)
Target
Aggressive SheddingNormal Shedding
Low SheddingUncontrolled Demand
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Demand With NoDuty Cycling
DemandWith Duty Cycling
Savings Target
Load Management by Duty Cycling
12/08/05����������
With Duty Cycling
Time
Off
On
Cycle Period
MinimumOn Time
MinimumOff Time
MaximumOff Time
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� ����� ������� ����� ������� ����� ������� ����� ������� ������������� ������������� ������������� ������������
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Sample Unit Cost Calculation
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Year & Month
Maxdemand – kW
MD charge- R M
Electricity use – kWh
Eelectricitycharge –RM
PF PF penalty – RM
Total bill RM
Cost RMper kWh
2005
Jan. 180 3,114.00 41,000.00 8,118.00 0.86 - 11,232.00 0.274
Feb. 190 3,287.00 42,000.00 8,316.00 0.85 - 11,603.00 0.276
Mar. 170 2,941.00 38,000.00 7,524.00 0.87 - 10,465.00 0.275
Apr. 180 3,114.00 40,000.00 7,920.00 0.89 - 11,034.00 0.276
Sample Unit Cost Calculation
12/08/05����������
Apr. 180 3,114.00 40,000.00 7,920.00 0.89 - 11,034.00 0.276
May 195 3,373.50 39,000.00 7,722.00 0.86 - 11,095.50 0.285
Jun. 175 3,027.50 38,000.00 7,524.00 0.85 - 10,551.50 0.278
Jul. 180 3,114.00 36,000.00 7,128.00 0.83 307.26 10,549.26 0.293
Aug. 180 3,114.00 39,000.00 7,722.00 0.82 487.62 11,323.62 0.290
Sep. - -
Oct. - -
Nov. - -
Dec. - -
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Cost per kWh
0.280
0.285
0.290
0.295
RM
RM per kWh normal
RM per kWh - Load mgmt
RM per kWh Load & PF M gmt
12/08/05����������
0.255
0.260
0.265
0.270
0.275
Jan. Feb. M ar. Apr. M ay Jun. Jul. Aug.
Months
RM
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Demand ManagementDemand Management(Impact on (Impact on load factor)load factor)
Simultaneous Two CHiller Operation
150
200
250
Max. Demand kW
Energy used kWh
12/08/05����������
0
50
100
150
500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800
Ti me ( hour s)
Energy used kWhLoad Factor = 0.42
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SIngle Chiller Operation
80
100
120
MD kW
Energy used kWh
Load Factor = 0.84
Demand ManagementDemand Management(Impact on (Impact on load factor)load factor)
12/08/05����������
0
20
40
60
500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800Ti me ( hour s)
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LOAD MANAGEMENT EXAMPLE -TESTotal Incoming Power for 24Hour
800.00
1000.00
1200.00
1400.00
kW
Blok 11
Incoming 2-27
TES-CH Blk 27
Incomer3-line1
Incomer3-line2
12/08/05����������
0.00
200.00
400.00
600.00
12:0
0 A
M
12:5
5 A
M
1:50
AM
2:45
AM
3:40
AM
4:35
AM
5:30
AM
6:25
AM
7:20
AM
8:15
AM
9:10
AM
10:0
5 A
M
11:0
0 A
M
11:5
5 A
M
12:5
0 P
M
1:45
PM
2:40
PM
3:35
PM
4:30
PM
5:25
PM
6:20
PM
7:15
PM
8:10
PM
9:05
PM
10:0
0 P
M
10:5
5 P
M
11:5
0 P
M
Time
kW Total (KW)
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Implication of Power Factor
Power Factor Power Factor –– GraphicalGraphical
12/08/05����������
0.8 0.9 1.0
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Power Factor Penalty
60
80
100
120
PF
Pen
alty
%
12/08/05����������
-
20
40
60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 1
Power Factor (pu)
PF
Pen
alty
%
0.85 0.75 0.65 0.55 0.45
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P F - PENALTY (2002)AREA GOVT PRIVATE
SECTORTOTAL
SABAH 1,130,000(290)
3,858,000(1,411)
4,988,000
12/08/05����������
PEN. MALAYSIA
9,440,000(2,101)
27,053,000(10,709)
36,493,000
TOTAL 10,570,000(2,391)
30,911,000(12,120)
41,481,000
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JBEG Pamphlet Calculations for pf Correction
Example LV supply case
Monthly demand of 600 kW
Monthly consumption of 216,000 kWh (0.5 LF)
pf 0.8
Tariff - LV commercial 0.288 RM/kWh
Power Factor CorrectionPower Factor Correction
12/08/05����������
Monthly energy charge 62,208 RM
Monthly pf penalty 4665.6 RM
Benefit/Cost calculation for pf improvement P.F. KVA KW KVAR
0.9 667 600 291
0.8 750 600 450
Capacitors required for pf improvement to 0.9 159
say, 160 kVAR
Estimated cost is approx. RM 26,129
Therefore payback period (in months) is 5.60
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Energy Efficiency – “Lower Voltage”
Study: Utilities Benefit From Reducing Voltage With Lower Costs, Energy Savings And Satisfied Customers
IEM – EETD AGM
Satisfied CustomersApril 16, 2008Seattle – Reducing the voltage on power distribution can continue meeting consumer expectations while saving energy for both thecustomer and the utility, according to a recent study performed by R. W. Beck. K.C. Fagen, project manager for the Distribution Efficiency Initiative (DEI), will present how utilities can generate cost-savings for their businesses without negatively impacting service, at the NorthWest Public Power Association's Engineering and Operations Conference in Reno, NV. "Delivering reduced voltage to individual consumers — while remaining within utility bandwidth standards — results in significant cost savings for the customer and utility due to reduced meter demand for energy," says Fagen. "Our research highlights correctable inefficiencies in the distribution systems based on the 10 substations and 31 distribution feeders included." R. W. Beck collaborated with the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance, RLW Analytics, Auriga, Inc., Hunt Power and 13 Pacific Northwest utilities on DEI, a two-part study that investigated the effects of power consumption in relation to the applied voltage. Utilizing advanced software to collect and analyze individual meter data, the DEI team applied the results by performing system improvements on feeders and was able to reduce the overall voltage 3 percent and energy consumption by 2 percent.
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Power Consumption vs Supply Voltage
Actice Power (W) Versus Voltage (V)
80
90
100
Act
ive
Pow
er (W
)
double Magnetic ballast
Single Osram
Energy Efficiency – “Lower Voltage”
12/08/05����������
50
60
70
210 220 230 240 250 260 270
Voltage (V)
Act
ive
Pow
er (W
)
Single OsramElectronic Ballast
Variation of system wattage versus supply voltage.
By Khalid Mohamed Nor Universiti of Malaya
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Enhanced Incentives Approved Under Budget 2008
• Extension of Pioneer Status (PS) and Investment Tax Allowance
(ITA) for RE to those who adopt RE for their own use, and
• Enhancement of the ITA benefits to 100% instead of 60% for those
who institute EE initiatives.
The budget incentive approval appendices include statements for the
provision of ID and S-T exemption for the “peralatan” involved.
These statements imply that the equipment used for the particular
purposes enjoy exemptions from payment of the respective ID and S-T.
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Budget 2008 – Incentives for RE
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EE Equipment EE Appliances RE Equipment
� High Efficiency Electric Motors� Variable-speed drives� EE pumps� Heat Pumps� EE fans and blowers� Roof and wall insulation and
glazing materials� Heat recovery equipment� Combustion air supply
� 5-star refrigerators� EE air-conditioners
(e.g. EER>12)� Integrated air-
conditioners and water heaters
� EE Water heaters� EE rice cookers� EE fans and
� Solar Water Heaters and Air-conditioners
� PV (stand alone and hybrid) and BIPV systems and their ancillaries
� Biomass/biogas boilers � Combustion air supply
controllers� Air-to-air heat exchangers� High-efficiency luminaries (e.g.
T5 fluorescent tubes)� Power control and sensors for
lighting� Voltage regulators� High-frequency electronic
ballasts� EE glazing� Power quality improvement
devices (More can be added in the future)
� EE fans and ventilators
� EE Washing machines(More can be added in the
future)
boilers � Thermal Energy
Storage systems(More can be added in
the future)
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Type of Asset Initial All. Rate (%)
Annual All. Rate (%)
1. Motor vehicles, heavy machinery
20 20
2 Plant and machinery 20 14
Government Fiscal Incentives
2 Plant and machinery 20 14
3. Others 20 10
The provision of ITA equals a “double-tax-deduction” of Corporate Tax (26% in 2008 and 25% thereafter) on the qualifying capital investment concerned. The table below shows the tax savings for a hypothetical example of investment of RM 100,000.00.
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Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total
IA % 20 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 20%
IA RM 20,000 0 0 0 0 0 20,000
AA % 14 14 14 14 14 10 80%
Capital Allowance Savings
AA RM 14,000 14,000 14,000 14,000 14,000 10,000 80,000
Total RM 34,000 14,000 14,000 14,000 14,000 10,000 100,000
Tax rate %
26 25 25 25 25 25 N/A
Tax saving RM
8,840 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 2,500 25,340
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Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total
Total RM 34,000 14,000 14,000 14,000 14,000 10,000 100,000
Tax rate % 26 25 25 25 25 25 N/A
Total Tax (Fiscal) Savings
Tax saving RM – CA
8,840 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 2,500 25,340
Total ITA savings RM
26,000 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total tax savings RM
34,840 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 2,500 51,340
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Comparative Auxiliary Use & Losses
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IEM - PPEE
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Law of Declining Returns
Law of Declining Returns
70
80
90
100
Declining returns
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Investment
Ret
urn
s
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G. Lalchand G. Lalchand G. Lalchand G. Lalchand EEEE----mail:mail:mail:mail:[email protected]@[email protected]@mbipv.net.my
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� RE purchase tariffs have been fixed at RM 0.21 per kWh
(from August 2007) on a fixed rate fr the entire REPPA
period.
Potential RE development in Malaysia
period.
� RE Tariff should be “Tied” to the utility tariff over the
REPPA duration to cater for inflation & for
“proportionality” against the utility tariff to its customers.
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Potential RE development in Malaysia
Market Potential of RE Power Generation Capacity, based on Corresponding Annual Growth Rate
4,500
5,000
5,500
6,000
6,500
7,000
7,500
RE
Cum
ulat
ive
MW
Cap
acity
20%
25%
30%
Gro
wth
Rat
e %
-
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
Years
RE
Cum
ulat
ive
MW
Cap
acity
0%
5%
10%
15%
Gro
wth
Rat
e %
RE (Non-PV) Cum. MW Capacity BIPV Cum. MW Capacity Total RE Cum. MW Capacity
RE (Non-PV) Annual Growth Rate (%) BIPV Annual Growth Rate (%)
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Growing Plants on Rooftops in Chicago
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Roof Top Gardens
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Building-integrated food production
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Savings from EE/DSM Plan (DANIDA Project at Suruhanjaya Tenaga)
Plan period Public sector Investment (RM million)
Private Sector Investment (RM million)
Potential Electricity Savings GWh
NPV Savings RM million
2003 - 2006 33 74 1,400 237
ENERGY SAVING BENEFITS
14 May 2004 Composite file EE/DSM/RE/Co-gen
ENERGY SAVING BENEFITS
Energy saved
Eq. In mmBtu
Extra Rev - RM
MWh Power gen Oil Eq. At US$ 20.0 per
6.40 13.221,400,000 11,942,000 76,428,800 157,873,240 81,444,440
Calculations based on MIEEIP Paper for Energy Business Fund
Cost RM per mmBtu Primary Energy Savings from EE/DSM
IEM – EETD AGM