efeect of exercises & training on cardio- vascular system · cardio- vascular system dr. vikram...
TRANSCRIPT
EFEECT OF EXERCISES & TRAINING ON
CARDIO- VASCULAR SYSTEM
Dr. Vikram SinghAssistant ProfessorDepartment of physical EducationBanaras Hindu University Email id: [email protected]
Dr.T. Onima ReddyAssistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, F/O Arts, B.H.U., Varanasi –221005.E Mail: [email protected]. No. 09453047019
THE PUMPING HEART
I. INCREASE IN CARDIAC OUTPUT
CARDIAC OUTPUT
VOLUME OF BLOOD FLOW PUMPED BY HEART IN A MINUTE
1. HEART RATE: NUMBERS OF VENTRICAL CONTRACTION PER MINUTE.
2. STROKE VOLUMES: VOLUME OF BLOOD FLOW FROM HEART IN A BEAT.
RANGE OF HEART RATE PER MINUTE = 60 TO 80 BEATS PER MINUTE.
AVERAGE HEART RATE =72 BEATS PER MINUTE
COMPONENTS OF CARDIAC OUTPUT
STROKE VOLUME PER BEAT
STROKE VOLUME PER BEAT
IN FEMALE: 50 TO 70 ML PER BEAT
IN MALE: 70 TO 90 ML PER BEAT
DURING REST 5040 ML OR 5 LITERS = H.R. (72) X S.V. (70)
CARDIAC OUTPUT IS THE PRODUCT OF HEART RATE X STROKE
VOLUME
Cardiac Output
Stroke Volume
Heart Rate
DURING EXERCISE
IN FEMALE CARDIAC OUTPUT IS AROUND 16 TO 18 LITERS BECAUSE IN FEMALES STROKE VOLUME IS LOWER THAN A MALE DUE TO SMALLER HEART SIZE.
IN MALE CARDIAC OUTPUT IS AROUND 22 LITERS.
IN ELITE ATHLETE IT IS AROUND 30 LITERS
DURING EXERCISE CARDIAC OUTPUT WILL BE HIGH IN TRAINED ATHLETE IN COMPARISION TO UNTRAINED.
DURING EXERCISE HEART RATE WILL BE LOW IN TRAINED ATHLETE IN COMPARISION TO UNTRAINED.
DURING EXERCISE STROKE VOLUME WILL BE HIGH IN TRAINED ATHLETE IN COMPARISIONTO UNTRAINED.
DURING REST 5040 ML OR 5 LITERS = H.R. (72) X S.V. (70)
IMPORTANT TERMONOLOGY
BRADY CARDIA: LOWER RESTING HEART RATE
TRACHY CARDIA: HIGH RESTING HEART RATE
ARRHYTHMIA: IRREGULAR HEART BEATS.
ATHLETE HEART: HEART HAVING HIGH STROKE VOLUME & LOW HEART RATE.
II. RE-DESTRIBUTION OF BLOOD FLOW FROM THE INACTIVE AREAS TO ACTIVE AREAS
1. REFLEX VASODILATION OF THE ARTRIOLS SUPPLY BLOOD TO THE ACTIVE AREAS.
2. REFLEX VASOCONSTRICTION OF THE ARTRIOLS SUPPLY BLOOD TO THE IN- ACTIVE AREAS.
3. VASO-DILATION WITH IN THE ACTIVE SKELETAL MUSCLES
OTHER EFFECT ON BLOOD FLOW DURING EXERCISES
I INCREASED CORONARY CIRCULATION
II INCREASED PULMONARY CIRCULATION
III INCREASED BLOOD FLOW TOWARD ADIPOSE TISSUE & SKIN
IV BLODD SUPPLY TO BRAIN REMAIN CONSTANT V DECREASED BLOOD FLOW TO RENAL (KIDNEY)
BUT DOES NOT STOP.
VI DECREASED BLOOD FLOW TO THE G.I.T.
III CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY
1. VOLUME EFFECT: INCREASE IN THE SIZE OF VENTRICULAR CAVITY DUE TO ENDURANCE TRAINING WHICH LEAD TO INCREASE IN STROKE VOLUME & CARDIAC OUTPUT.
2. PRESSURE EFFECT: INCREASE IN THE THICKNESS OF VENTRICULAR WALL DUE TO RESISTIVE TRAINING WHICH LEAD TO INCREASE IN CARDIAC OUTPUT BECAUSE OF GENERATION OF STRONG FORCE OF VENTRICAL CONTRACTION
IV. EFFECT ON BLOOD PRESSURE
BLOOD PRESSURE: A LATERAL PRESSURE FELT ON THE WALL OF THE ARTERY DUE TO FLOW OF BLOOD.
PHASES OF BLOOD PRESSURE
SYSTOLE = CONTRACTION PHASE DYSTOLE = RELAXATION PHASE
NORMAL RANGE OF BLOOD PRESSURE: 120/80 MM HG
DURING EXERCISES SYSTOLE GOSE UPTO 200 MM HG BUT DYSTOLE INCREASE 10 TO 15 MM HG FROM ITS NORMAL RANGE THAT IS 80 MM HG.
V. OTHER EFFECT OF EXERCISE & TRAINING ON C. V. SYSTEM.
1.INCREASED LEVEL OF CO2 IN THE BLOOD 2.INCREASED ARTERIO-VENIOUS O2
DIFFERENCE 3.INCREASED TEMPERATURE OF BLOOD 4.CHANGE IN HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION
WITH EXERCISE & TRAINING 5.ACCUMULATION OF THE METABOLICE END
PRODUCTS IN THE BLOOD 6.IMPROVEMENT IN THE GOOD CHOLESTROL
(HDL) WITH ENDURANCE TRAINING AND LOWERING OF BAD CHOLESTROL (LDL).