effect of acrylamide on stomach, cerebellum and testis of the albino rat (ppt) 3.12.2008
DESCRIPTION
Acrylamide has several effects toxic and carcinogenic. The current project aimed at exploring the harmful effects of acrylamide on the structure of the stomach, cerebellum and testis in the albino rat, in an attempt to clarify its potential risk on the human health. The stomach, testis and cerebellum specimens were collected form fifty adult male albino rats. The animals were divided into two main groups. Group (I) was subdivided into 3 subgroups, control, Ia that received acrylamide in a dose of 25mg/kg/10days (P.O.) and Ib that received acrylamide in a dose of 25mg/kg/10days (I.P.). Group (II) was subdivided into 3 subgroups, control, IIa that received acrylamide in a dose of 50mg/kg/10days (P.O.) and IIb that received acrylamide in a dose of 50mg/kg/10days (I.P.). At the end of the experiment, all rats were anesthetized using ether inhalation. Specimens from testis, cerebellum and stomach were extracted and processed for light and electron microscopic examination. For the light microscope serial sections 5-6µm thick obtained, stained with H&E (Testis, Cerebellum and Stomach); Feulgen stain (Testis) and silver stain (Modified Glees) (Cerebellum). Testicular specimens were studied with the Image analysis technique so as to assess cellular apoptosis. Moreover, DNA cytometry of the basal compartment of the testis was performed.In the present work, it was found that the testis of the group treated with a dose of 25mg/kg/10days showed mild affection whether acrylamide was administered orally or intraperitoneally. On the other hand, the testis of the group treated with a dose of 50mg/kg/10days showed damage especially with the intraperitoneal administration in comparison to the oral treatment. This was in the form of degeneration of germ cells, numerous multinucleated giant cells with sloughed seminiferous epithelium, and vacuolations in-between the germ cells. In addition, feulgen stain was performed to assess the effect of acrylamide on cellular apoptosis in the testis. It was clearly proved that acrylamide at a dose of 50mg/kg/10days showed increased apoptosis.Image analysis of the feulgen stained sections was performed to evaluate the carcinogenicity of acrylamide on testis. It was found that acrylamide at a dose of 50mg/kg/10days showed increased abnormal DNA content in cells, which was considered a reliable marker for malignancy. As regards effect of acrylamide on the cerebellum, it was concluded that the Purkinje cells were target cells to the acrylamide. Rats treated at a dose of 25mg/kg/10days showed that Purkinje cells somata appeared unaffected, while degeneration of Purkinje cells dendrites and corresponding axons were evident in the molecular and white matter respectively. Furthermore, rats treated with 50mg/kg/10days showed argyrophilic Purkinje cells somata and their dendrites were clearly evident in the Purkinje cell and molecular layers respectively. Also, Purkinje cell axon degeneration was observed in the white matter in the form of fragmented, linearly arrayed debris. The intraperitoneal treatment showed more damage as compared to the oral one.The stomach of animals treated with acrylamide in a dose of 25mg/kg/10days showed no gastric affection, while there were mild degenerative changes and an apparent increase in mucous secreting cells in the group that received 50mg/kg/10days.The present study pointed out the hazards of acrylamide and its possible effect on human health. Recommendations are necessary to decrease acrylamide level in different foods and ways to decrease acrylamide formation during preparation of the different foods should be advertised.TRANSCRIPT
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Effect of
Acrylamide
on
Stomach, Cerebellum
and Testis of the Albino
Rat
By
Hesham
Noaman
Abdel
Raheem
M.D. THESIS
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Acknowledgement
should go to all persons who have
assisted, in a way or another, to allow
this study to come to light;
Doctor:
Kariman
Mohammed El
-
Gohari
(Professor of Anatomy and Head of
Anatomy Department).
Doctor: Hassan
Mostafa
Serry
(Professorof Anatomy).
Doctor:
Shahira
Samir
Zaki
(Assistant
Professor of Anatomy).
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Introduction
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Acrylamide
Chemistry
Uses
CH2=CHCONH2
water treatment,
enhanced oil recovery,
papermaking aids,
soil conditioning agents,
sewage and waste treatment,
ore processing,
permanent
-
press fabrics.
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Human Exposure to
Acrylamide
Acrylamide
is a chemical compound formed de
novo when certain carbohydrate
-
rich foods fried,
baked, or roasted at high temperatures.
It was not known to be in food until
April
24
,
2002
,
where
Swedish scientists reported high
concentrations of in fried, baked foods.
Maillard
reaction
is reaction of reducing sugar
(as glucose) with free
asparagine
, an amino acid
found in many foods, especially at high
temperature.
WHO/FAO: Dietary intake:
0.3
-
0.8
g/kg
BW/day.
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0
5
10
1520
25
30
ug/day
Biscuit / Cookies
All Other Foods
Exposure to
Acrylamide
in Food
French Fries &
Potatoes
Breads
Potato Chips
Cereal
Coffee
Cakes
Dried Foods
Pop Corn
Salty Snacks
Chocolate
Nuts/Seeds/
Butters
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Effect of temperature
Acrylamide levels in potato chips friedfor 4 minutes increased with frying
oil temperature. (ppb=parts per billion)
160 C
27ppb
170 C
70ppb
180 C
326ppb
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Effect of time
Acrylamide levels in potato chips fried at 180oCincreased with frying time.
3.5 m
12ppb
4 m
46ppb
4.5 m
227ppb
5 m
973ppb
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Aim of thework
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The current project aimed at exploring the harmfuleffects of acrylamide on the structure of the stomach,
cerebellum and testis in the albino rat, in an attempt to
clarify its potential risk on the human health.
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Material and
Methods
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The stomach, testis and cerebellum specimens
were collected form fifty adult male albino rats.
Animals were divided to two main groups: I, IIeach group was subdivided into 3 subgroups.
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Specimens from testis, cerebellum and stomach were
extracted and processed for light and electron
microscopic examination. For the light microscope serial
sections obtained, stained with H&E (Testis, Cerebellum
and Stomach); Feulgen stain (Testis) and silver stain(Modified Glees) (Cerebellum). An image analyzer was
used to assess cellular apoptosis, and in addition, DNA
cytometrywas performed.
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Results
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I- Effect of Acrylamide on testis
Animals that received 25mg/kg BW/10daysshowed mild affection.
Animals that received 50mg/kg BW/10days
showed evident damage especially with theintraperitoneal administration. This was in the
form of degeneration of germ cells, numerous
multinucleated giant cells with sloughed
seminiferous epithelium, and vacuolations in-between the germ cells.
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Control 50mg/kg/10days/ I.P.
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Control
50mg/kg/10days/ I.P.
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Control 50mg/kg/10days/ I.P.
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Control 50mg/kg/10days/ I.P.
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Control
50mg/kg/10days/ I.P.
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50mg/kg/10days/ I.P. 50mg/kg/10days/ P.O.
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ApoptosisFeulgen stain was performed to assess the effect
of acrylamide on cellular apoptosis in the testis.It was clearly proved that acrylamide at a dose of
50mg/kg/10days showed increased apoptosis.
Control group 5/10
25mg/kg/10days whether orally or
intraperitoneally6/10
50mg/kg/10days/orally 9/10
50mg/kg/10days/intraperitoneally 15/10
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St d f DNA C t t
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Control 25mg/kg/10days whether orally or intraperitoneally
50mg/kg/10days/orally 50mg/kg/10days/ intraperitoneally
Study of DNA Cytometry
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II- Effect of Acrylamide on
Cerebellum The Purkinje cells were target cells to acrylamide. Rats treated at a dose of 25mg/kg/10days showed
that Purkinje cells somata appeared unaffected, whiledegeneration of their dendrites and axons were evidentin the molecular and white matter respectively.
In addition, Rats treated with 50mg/kg/10days
showed argyrophilic degenerated Purkinje cells somata.
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Control
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25mg/kg/10days/Orally
25mg/kg/10days/I.P.
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50mg/kg/10days/ I.P.50mg/kg/10days/Orally
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Control
25mg/kg/10days/I.P.
Control
50mg/kg/10days/P.O.
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III- Effect of Acrylamide on
StomachThe stomach of animals treated with acrylamide
in a dose of 25mg/kg/10days showed no gastric
affection, while there were mild degenerative
changes and an apparent increase in mucous
secreting cells in the group that received
50mg/kg/10days.
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50mg/kg/10days/IP
Control
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Control
50mg/kg/10days/.P.
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50mg/kg/10days/I.P.Control
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Conclusion
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The present study expands the available information
concerning the hazards carried by the consumption
of acrylamide on testis, cerebellum and stomach. Although the doses of acrylamide utilized in the
present investigation were higher than the average
dietary daily intake in humans, 0.4-5 g/kg body
weight/day,yet the cumulative effects of suchtoxicant on human health are still waiting to be fully
identified.
Further studies focusing on the influence of
acrylamide on different organs in smaller doses forprolonged periods could aid in the full
understanding of hazards implicated by acrylamide.
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