effect of climate change effects on anthropods

1
Effect of temperature on parasitization potential and longevity of Helicoverpa armigera larval parasitoid, Campoletis chlorideae, and its sex ratio (M: F). Current estimates of climate change have projected an increase in mean annual temperatures of 1 o C by 2025, and 3 o C by the end of the next century, while the amounts of CO 2 will double between 2025 and 2070. Global warming and climate changes will influence: Activity, diversity, and abundance of arthropods Geographical distribution of insect pests Over-wintering, development, and population dynamics Expression of host plant resistance to insects Synchrony between plants and insect pollinators Reduced effectiveness of crop protection technologies Climate change effects on geographical distribution of pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (pink dots) and spotted pod borer Maruca vitrata (blue dots). 10 15 20 27 (control) S1 S2 S3 S4 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Incubation period (days) Incubation temperature ( O C) Egg-age at storage (days) 3 2 1 0 Effect of temperature on incubation period of Helicoverpa armigera. Population dynamics of Oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata is influenced by rainfall pattern and cyclonic storms in the Bay of Bengal. Sorghum head bug, Calocoris angustatus population density is influenced by weather conditions over the previous two weeks, while population and incidence of H. armigera in southern India is influenced by the amount of rainfall during the rainy and the postrainy seasons. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Dead hearts (%) 5 DX 106 IS 23509 ICSV 401 ICSV 112 Mean Genotypes Dead hearts (%) Irrigated Dead hearts (%) Drought Effect of drought on expression of resistance to spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus in sorghum (KARI, Kiboko, Kenya). 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 January February March April Temperature ºC / RH (%) Larval weight (mg) Planting date Mech 184 NCS 207 RHmin Tmin Tmax Effect of climatic factors on expression of resistance (larval weight) in Bt transgenic cotton to Helicoverpa armigera. Climate Change Effects on Arthropods: Implications for Pest Management ` Emerging pest problems: a) Ceroplastodes cajani, b) Leaf miner, c) Mealybug, d) Bemisia tabaci, e) Mealybug on chickpea, f) Spider mite on sorghum and g) Spodoptera exigua damage on chickpea. a c e b d f g ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 Standard weeks No. of moths trapped night -1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 No. of moths trapped night -1 1977-78 1976 1979 1980 1977 1978 HC Sharma*, RS Munghate and SP Sharma, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Telangana, India. *Email: [email protected]

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Effect of temperature on parasitization potential and longevity of Helicoverpa armigera larval

parasitoid, Campoletis chlorideae, and its sex ratio (M: F).

Current estimates of climate change have projected an increase in mean annual temperatures of 1oC by 2025, and 3oC by

the end of the next century, while the amounts of CO2 will double between 2025 and 2070. Global warming and climate

changes will influence:

• Activity, diversity, and abundance of arthropods

• Geographical distribution of insect pests

• Over-wintering, development, and population dynamics

• Expression of host plant resistance to insects

• Synchrony between plants and insect pollinators

• Reduced effectiveness of crop protection technologies

Climate change effects on geographical distribution of pod borer Helicoverpa

armigera (pink dots) and spotted pod borer Maruca vitrata (blue dots).

10

15

20

27

(c

on

tro

l) S1S2

S3S4

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Incubation

period (days)

Incubation temperature

(OC)

Egg-age at

storage (days)

32

10

Effect of temperature on incubation period of Helicoverpa armigera.

Population dynamics of Oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata is influenced by rainfall pattern and cyclonic

storms in the Bay of Bengal. Sorghum head bug, Calocoris angustatus population density is influenced by weather

conditions over the previous two weeks, while population and incidence of H. armigera in southern India is

influenced by the amount of rainfall during the rainy and the postrainy seasons.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

De

ad

he

art

s (

%)

5 D

X 1

06

IS 2

3509

ICS

V 4

01

ICS

V 1

12

Mean

Genotypes

Dead hearts (%) Irrigated

Dead hearts (%) Drought

Effect of drought on expression of resistance to spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus in sorghum

(KARI, Kiboko, Kenya).

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

January February March April

Tem

pera

ture

ºC

/ R

H (%

)

La

rva

l w

eig

ht

(mg

)

Planting date

Mech 184 NCS 207 RHmin Tmin Tmax

Effect of climatic factors on expression of resistance (larval weight) in Bt transgenic cotton to Helicoverpa armigera.

Feb 2013

Climate Change Effects on Arthropods: Implications for Pest Management

`

Emerging pest problems: a) Ceroplastodes cajani, b) Leaf miner, c) Mealybug, d) Bemisia tabaci,

e) Mealybug on chickpea, f) Spider mite on sorghum and g) Spodoptera exigua damage on chickpea.

a c

e

b

d f

g

ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium

0

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52

Standard weeks

No

. o

f m

oth

s t

rap

ped

nig

ht

-1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

No

. o

f m

oth

s t

rap

ped

nig

ht

-1

1

97

7-7

8

1976 1979 1980 1977 1978

HC Sharma*, RS Munghate and SP Sharma, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Telangana, India. *Email: [email protected]