TABLE OF CONTENT

Acknowledgement 2

Abstract 3

Chapter 1 4-8

Chapter 2 9-29

Chapter 3 30-38

Appendix 39-42

References 43-50

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillah, we managed to finish this assignment after we had put through all our

efforts and commitment to complete this assignment on time and complete the task in fulfilling

the needs partly of Research Methodology (533) course work.

We would like to take this opportunity to thank all the people who had helped us,

regardless how little or large, in the making of this assignment. First of all, thanks to Mr. Shafiee

b. Tarmudi for the guidance, advice, lecture, and ideas from our thanks to him for your supports

on giving us a clear direction on how to do the assignment.

We also would like to thank to all Miss Nurul Fariha, the librarian because give a

guidance during search of our journal.

Last but not least to all friends in BMB3P3, who are lending their hand to help us to do

this assignment with good effort. Thank you so much to you all.

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Abstract

By using internet, we can travel all over the world and meet many people from different

culture. One of the medium can be use is social networking which can communicate people. The

social networking such as facebook, twitter, myspace and blogger is not new in our country and

the usage of this networking like drugs which make people addict to surf every single day.

Nowadays, social networking not only being surf for communicate to others but some of them

use it for business and also for education. So, we come out with one research to identify effects

of social networking towards communication, business and education. The research had been

made in UITM Segamat that involves 346 students and staff. We distribute questionnaires to

ensure this research succeeds.

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CHAPTER 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The usage of social networking is like phenomenon that spread from one country to

another country. The example of social networking that is popular among people these days

such as Facebook, Twitter, Myspace, and Bloggers. This research will be conduct due to the

usage of the social networking in daily life of people without any limit of age can give many

effects. The addiction of the social networking is one of the important issues for some of the

country such as Arab Saudi that had banned certain social networking which can give bad

influence among the community. By doing this research, we can make the analysis which of the

social networking give more advantages towards society. Besides advantages, there also can be

disadvantages because according to the past research, social networking not only gives good

effects but also bad effect. Most of the user of the social networking is among teenagers and by

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misuse the social networking could give bad effect towards them. The research will give the

result which had been analyzed from the respondent’s answer of the questionnaires distribution.

Many people too preoccupied with social networking that very wide which can connect people

around the world. From the various social networking people may choose to use the benefits

from the advantages or misuse it.

1.2 Background

There are many types of social networking that can be use as a medium for

communication among people. Other than that we can see that social networking can give some

advantages in terms of business and education. Some of the examples of social networking are

Facebook, Twitter, Friendster, MySpace, and Blogger. There are several social networking

being popular among people according to some researchers. Facebook is a social

networking website launched in February 2004 that is operated and privately owned by

Facebook, Inc., with more than 500 million active users in July 2010. Users can add people as

friends and send them messages, and update their personal profiles to notify friends about

themselves. Other than that, Twitter is a social networking and micro blogging service, owned

and operated by Twitter Inc. that enables its users to send and read other users' messages called

tweets. Tweets are text-based posts of up to 140 characters displayed on the author's profile

page. Friendster is a social networking website. Its headquarters are in Mountain View,

California. The service allows users to contact other members, maintain those contacts, and

share online content and media with those contacts. These social networking suppose to be

design to make life easier but there will be many effects. So, research is the one of the way to

identify the social networking effects.

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1.3 Problem Statement

In the past, there are many research had been done about the social networking

because some of the social networking can effects daily life. Most of the people will have the

tendency to be preoccupied when they surf social networking. Some of the students can use

social networking as a medium of education. Meanwhile, social networking also can

communicate people around the world besides can be a medium to expand the business. The

problem that can arise from this research is the misuse of this social networking to towards the

education, communication and business because some of the people use the networking for their

own interest such as fraud or sex harassment. Nowadays, social networking is the main medium

that people use every single day for communicate and also business. Other than that, there are

many information can be gain from the social networking. So, research will be done to clear the

problem which identifies the effect of social networking.

1.4 Objectives of Research

From the problem statement, we will state the objectives of the research. There are three

objectives that can be achieved by doing this research. The objectives are:

To identify whether social networking effects the communication.

To identify the effects of social networking towards education.

To identify the effects of social networking in expand the business.

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1.5 Research question

When the objective being identify, the research question being made to ensure that this

research can fulfill this question:

How social networkings effect the communication among people?

How education being effect by social networking?

How social networking effect people in expand the business?

1.6 Scope of Research

Scope of this research is women and men which from 18 years old and above in

UiTM Segamat and it involves about 346 students and staffs include the non residents. The

main reason we choose UiTM community is because the user of social networking is among

teenagers which is students. Most of them spend their time surf the social networking to

communicate with others. Other than that, they can use for education by learn from others

experience or share the knowledge. Nowadays, most of the people using social networking to

make side income in doing business and some of them use it to expand their business that

already establish before to make the business more known to others. The widest usage of

social networking among people makes us easier to find our respondents from the UiTM

staff.

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1.7 Limitation of Research

The research will be done from the end of August 2010 to end of September 2010.

From the populations, we distribute 346 questionnaires among students and staff in UiTM.

By processing the data, there will be several problems in term of cost, transportation, time,

and population and respondents feedback. So, by doing this research, there are limitations

that we are deal with. The distribution of the questionnaires will be done in one week. The

advantages here in term of transportation which can cut the cost because the studies is among

UiTM students and staff. After get the feedback from the respondents, the data processing

will be done to ensure that there is no mistake in the data.

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CHAPTER 2

2.0 INTRODUCTION

In this age of globalization, the world has become too small a place thanks to the

electronic media and portals. Communication has become effective as never before thanks to the

advent of internet. The social networking sites have also played a crucial role in bridging

boundaries and crossing the seas and bringing all people at a common platform where they can

meet like minded people or find old friends and communicate with them. It has become a

potential mean to relation building and staying in touch with all known. Hence, the objective that

I wanted to achieve through this research is to identify the effect of social networking. This is

because social networking sites have made many users become addicted. The websites can give

good effect but also cause adverse effect to the user.

The social networking sites are gaining a lot of popularity these days with almost all of

the educated youth using one or the other such site. These have played a crucial role in bridging

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boundaries and crossing the seas and enabling them to communicate on a common platform. It

has become a popular and a potential mean for them to stay friends with the existing ones and to

grow up their social circle at least in terms of acquaintances. The question regarding the safety,

privacy and the legal issues have been cropping up all this time. Through this research we try to

find out the impact of these networking sites on the personal and professional lives of people

using them.

Social network is a social structure made of nodes which are generally individuals or

organizations that are tied by one or more specific types of relation. With the rapid growth of

people who use or have access to the Internet, social networking websites are a must for the

Internet community to stay in touch with each other. Social networking web sites help people

keep in touch with old friends make new friends; distribute new data or product, and many more

aspects of our everyday lives. The first official social networking web site was Classmates.com

which was founded in 1995. What followed was a slow but steady growth in numbers of social

networking websites to the overwhelming number of sites we have today. The reason that social

networking websites work so well is that, like their inception, they start of small and then grow

exponentially. The site starts off with a few people who then tell their friends about the site, then

those friends tell their friends about the site and soon the site is a huge database of users

connected by friends, acquaintances, or just random people. The web sites are made to allow

users to create a profile describing themselves and to exchange public or private messages and

list other users or groups they are connected to in some way. Most social networking websites

are often designed to fit a certain type of community such as the college community being

mirrored by Facebook.com or a music/party community mirrored by MySpace.com. With the

rapid growth of social networking web sites and their global scale usage, whatever one feels

concerning social networking web sites is irrelevant because social networking web sites are on a

popularity rise and are here to stay.

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2.0.1 HISTORY

Below are some histories of the social networking;

i) Facebook

Facebook is a social networking website launched in February 2004 that is operated and

privately owned by Facebook, Inc., with more than 500 million active users in July 2010. Users

can add people as friends and send them messages, and update their personal profiles to notify

friends about themselves. Additionally, users can join networks organized by workplace, school,

or college. The website's name stems from the colloquial name of books given to students at the

start of the academic year by university administrations in the US with the intention of helping

students to get to know each other better. Facebook allows anyone who declares them to be aged

13 or older to become a member of the website.

Facebook was founded by Mark Zuckerberg with his college roommates and fellow computer

science students Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes. The website's

membership was initially limited by the founders to Harvard students, but was expanded to other

colleges in the Boston area, the Ivy League, and Stanford University. It gradually added support

for students at various other universities before opening to high school students, and, finally, to

anyone aged 13 and over.

Facebook has met with some controversy. It has been blocked intermittently in several countries

including Pakistan, Syria, and People’s Republic of China, Vietnam, and Iran. It has also been

banned at many places of work to discourage employees from wasting time using the

service. Privacy has also been an issue, and it has been compromised several times. Facebook

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settled a lawsuit regarding claims over source code and intellectual property. The site has also

been involved in controversy over the sale of fans and friends.

ii) Twitter

Twitter is a social networking and micro blogging service, owned and operated by

Twitter Inc. that enables its users to send and read other users' messages called tweets. Tweets

are text-based posts of up to 140 characters displayed on the author's profile page. Tweets are

publicly visible by default; however senders can restrict message delivery to their friends list.

Users may subscribe to other author tweets—this is known as following and subscribers are

known as followers. As of late 2009, users can follow lists of authors instead of following

individual authors. All users can send and receive tweets via the Twitter website, compatible

external applications (such as, for smart phones), or by Short Message Service (SMS) available

in certain countries. While the service is free, accessing it through SMS may incur phone service

provider fees. The website is based in San Bruno, California near San Francisco (where the

website was first based). Twitter also has servers and offices in San Antonio, Texas and Boston,

Massachusetts.

Since its creation in 2006 by Jack Dorsey, Twitter has gained notability and popularity

worldwide and currently has more than 100 million users worldwide. It is sometimes described

as the "SMS of the Internet. The use of Twitter's application programming interface (API) for

sending and receiving SMS from other applications often dominates the direct use of Twitter.

Twitter's origins lie in a "daylong brainstorming session" that was held by board members of the

podcasting company Odeo. During the meeting, Jack Dorsey introduced the idea of an individual

using an SMS service to communicate with a small group, a concept partially inspired by the

SMS group messaging service TXTMob.

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The original project code name for the service was twttr, inspired by Flickr and the five character

length of American SMS short codes. The developers initially considered "10958″ as a short

code, but later changed it to "40404″ for "ease of use and memorability." Work on the project

started on March 21, 2006, when Dorsey published the first Twitter message at 9:50 PM Pacific

Standard Time (PST): "just setting up my twttr."

The first Twitter prototype was used as an internal service for Odeo employees and the full

version was introduced publicly on July 15, 2006. In October 2006, Biz Stone, Evan Williams,

Dorsey, and other members of Odeo formed Obvious Corporation and acquired Odeo and all of

its assets–including Odeo.com and Twitter.com–from the investors and shareholders. Twitter

spun off into its own company in April 2007.

iii) Friendster

Friendster is a social networking website. Its headquarters are in Mountain View,

California. The service allows users to contact other members, maintain those contacts, and share

online content and media with those contacts. The website is also used for dating and discovering

new events, bands, and hobbies. Users may share videos, photos, messages and comments with

other members via their profile and their network.

Friendster has over 115 million registered users and over 61 million unique visitors a month

globally. The website receives approximately 19 billion page views per month, and is in the top

500 global websites based on web traffic.

Over 90% of Friendster's traffic comes from Asia. In Asia, Friendster has more monthly unique

visitors than any other social network. The top 10 countries accessing Friendster, according to

Alexa, as of May 7, 2009 are the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, South Korea, the United

States, Singapore, China, Japan, Saudi Arabia and India.

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Friendster was founded by computer programmers Jonathan Abrams and Cris Emmanuel in 2002

in Mountain View, California before the creation, launch and adoption of MySpace, Facebook,

LinkedIn and others.

Friendster was founded to create a safer, more effective environment for meeting new people by

browsing user profiles and connecting to friends, friends of friends and so on, allowing members

to expand their network of friends more rapidly than in real life, face-to-face scenarios.

Friendster.com went live in March 2003 and was quickly adopted by three million users within

the first few months. Publications including Time, Esquire, Vanity Fair, Entertainment Weekly,

US Weekly and Spin wrote about Friendster's success and the founder appeared on magazine

covers and late-night talk shows.

Today, Friendster has a membership base of more than 115 million registered users and

continues to grow, especially in Asia. In August 2008, Friendster hired ex-Google executive

Richard Kimber as the CEO. Kimber is focusing on Friendster's expansion in Asia. On

December 9, 2009, it was announced that Friendster has been acquired by MOL Global, one of

Asia's biggest Internet companies. MOL Global is funded by one of Malaysia's successful

businessmen, Tan Sri Vincent Tan, Chairman and Chief Executive of Berjaya Corporation

Berhad.

iv) Myspace

MySpace is a social networking website. Its headquarters are in Beverly Hills, California where

it shares an office building with its immediate owner, News Corp. Digital Media, owned by

News Corporation. MySpace became the most popular social networking site in the United

States in June 2006. According to comScore, MySpace was overtaken internationally by its main

competitor, Facebook, in April 2008, based on monthly unique visitors. MySpace employs 1,000

employees, after lying off 30 percent of its workforce in June 2009; the company does not

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disclose revenues or profits separately from News Corporation. The 100 millionth accounts were

created on August 9, 2006, in the Netherlands.

After the 2002 launch of Friendster, several eUniverse employees with Friendster accounts saw

its potential and decided to mimic the more popular features of the social networking website, in

August 2003. Within 10 days, the first version of MySpace was ready for launch. A complete

infrastructure of finance, human resources, technical expertise, bandwidth, and server capacity

was available for the site, right out of the gate, so the MySpace team wasn’t distracted with

typical start-up issues. The project was overseen by Brad Greenspan (eUniverse's Founder,

Chairman, CEO), who managed Chris DeWolfe (MySpace's starting CEO), Josh Berman, Tom

Anderson (MySpace's starting president), and a team of programmers and resources provided by

eUniverse.

The very first MySpace users were eUniverse employees. The company held contests to see who

could sign-up the most users. The company then used its resources to push MySpace to the

masses. eUniverse used its 20 million users and e-mail subscribers to quickly breathe life into

MySpace, and move it to the head of the pack of social networking websites. A key architect was

tech expert Toan Nguyen who helped stabilize the MySpace platform when Brad Greenspan

asked him to join the team.

The origin of the MySpace.com domain was a site owned by YourZ.com, Inc. It was intended to

be leading online data storage and sharing site up until 2002. By 2004, MySpace and

MySpace.com, which existed as a brand associated with YourZ.com, had made the transition

from a virtual storage site to a social networking site. This is the natural connection to Chris

DeWolfe and a friend, who reminded him he had earlier bought the URL domain, MySpace.com,

intending it to be used as a web hosting site, since both worked at one time in the virtual data

storage business, which itself was a casualty of the "dot bomb" era.

Shortly after launching the site, team member Chris DeWolfe suggested that they start charging a

fee for the basic MySpace service. Brad Greenspan nixed the idea, believing that keeping

MySpace free and open was necessary to make it a large and successful community. Some

employees of MySpace including DeWolfe and Berman were later able to purchase equity in the

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property before MySpace, and its parent company eUniverse (now renamed Intermix Media) was

bought in July 2005 for US$580 million by Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation (the parent

company of Fox Broadcasting and other media enterprises). Of this amount, approximately

US$327 million has been attributed to the value of MySpace according to the financial adviser

fairness opinion.

In January 2006, Fox announced plans to launch a UK version of MySpace in a bid to "tap into

the UK music scene" which they have since done. They also released a version in China and

have since launched similar versions in other countries.

By late 2007 into 2008, Myspace was considered the leading social networking site, and

consistently beat out main competitor Facebook in traffic. When Facebook launched new

features in an effort to attract a variety of users, Myspace found itself in a continuing decline of

membership. As of July 2010, the site was ranked 25th in Internet traffic, opposed to the 2nd

position held by Facebook.

The corporate history of MySpace as well as the status of Tom Anderson as a MySpace founder

has been a matter of some public dispute.

v) Orkut

Orkut is a social networking website that is owned and operated by Google Inc. The

service is designed to help users meet new friends and maintain existing relationships. The

website is named after its creator, Google employee Orkut Büyükkökten. Although Orkut is less

popular in the United States than competitors Facebook and MySpace, it is one of the most

visited websites in India and Brazil. In fact, as of December 2009, 51.09% of Orkut's users are

from Brazil, followed by India with 20.02% and United States with 17.28%.

Originally hosted in California, in August 2008 Google announced that Orkut would be fully

managed and operated in Brazil, by Google Brazil, in the city of Belo Horizonte. This was

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decided due to the large Brazilian user base and growth of legal issues. As of August 2010,

Alexa traffic ranked Orkut 73rd in the world; the website currently has more than 100 million

active users worldwide. Anyone of age above 13 years can join orkut.

In 2003, Google offered to purchase the social network, Friendster, but the offer was declined by

that company. Google then internally commissioned Orkut Büyükkökten to work on a competing

independent project. The result was Orkut, and the product launched on January 24, 2004. The

community membership was originally by invitation only.

During the first year, the United States had the largest user base. By word of mouth various

Brazilians began adopting and inviting more friends, in a viral process driven by the

blogosphere. Soon after, Brazil surpassed the U.S. in the number of users and Orkut started

becoming heavily popular in Brazil. Americans then started leaving the service and switching to

other similar sites such as MySpace and Friendster. This phenomenon was covered by the

English blogosphere with some criticism towards Brazilians because they tended to

communicate (not only among themselves) using their native language, Portuguese, and not

English. From that time, Orkut growth was driven by Brazilian users, first being opened to

everyone by register and becoming one of the most popular websites in Brazil.

The creator Orkut Büyükkökten visited Brazil in 2007, in an attempt to understand the success

in that country. In 2007 Orkut began attracting large amount of Indians who were not intimidated

by the number of Brazilians on the site. Orkut also has a simplified site for mobile users.

"m.Orkut.com". In 2008, a new feature was introduced for users having slow internet

connections to access Orkut using the "View Orkut in lighter version" setting.

vi) Bebo

Bebo is a social networking website launched in July 2005. It is owned by Criterion

Capital Partners. From March 2008 to June 2010 it was owned by AOL Inc. The website's name

is an acronym for Blog Early, Blog Often. Users receive a personal profile page where they can

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post blogs, photographs, music, videos and questionnaires to which other users may answer.

Additionally, users may add others as friends and send them messages, and update their personal

profiles to notify friends about themselves.

Bebo was founded by Michael Birch and his wife Xochi Birch in January 2005 at their home in

San Francisco. It was acquired by AOL on March 13, 2008 for $850 million. In April 2010, AOL

announced it was planning to sell or shut down Bebo, with the sale being completed on June 17,

2010 to Criterion Capital Partners for an undisclosed sum. It has been reported that the sale

raised less than $10 million.

vii) Blogger

Blogger is a blog storage service that allows private or multi-user blogs with time-stamped

entries. It was created by Pyra Labs, which was bought by Google in 2003. Generally, the blogs

are hosted by Google at sub domains of blogspot.com. Up until May 1, 2010 Blogger allowed

users to publish blogs on other hosts, via ftp. All such blogs had (or still have) to be moved to

Google's own servers, with domains other than blogspot.com allowed via Custom URLs.

On August 23, 1999, Blogger was launched by Pyra Labs. As one of the earliest dedicated blog-

publishing tools, it is credited for helping popularize the format. In February 2003, Pyra Labs

was acquired by Google under undisclosed terms. The acquisition allowed premium features (for

which Pyra had charged) to become free. About a year later, Pyra Labs' co-founder, Evan

Williams, left Google. In 2004, Google purchased Picasa; it integrated Picasa and its photo

sharing utility Hello into Blogger, allowing users to post photos to their blogs.

On May 9, 2004, Blogger introduced a major redesign, adding features such as web standards-

compliant templates, individual archive pages for posts, comments, and posting by email. On

August 14, 2006, Blogger launched its latest version in beta, codenamed "Invader", alongside the

gold release. This migrate users to Google servers and included some new features. In December

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2006, this new version of Blogger was taken out of beta. By May 2007, Blogger had completely

moved over to Google operated servers. Blogger was ranked 16 on the list of top 50 domains in

terms of number of unique visitors in 2007.

2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1.1 COMMUNICATION

There are some points of view in term of effects of social networking towards

communications. There are;

2.1.1.1 FRIENDSHIP NETWORKS

Social networking can give great impact to a person for example friendship networks,

advice networks and adversarial networks. Based on the Fehr.B (1996), in the journal from

Professor Heng-Li Yang and Phd candidate Jih-Hsin Tang, (2003) from the friendship networks

aspect, the people can appear if they path cross. They are more likely can share their about their

living, school and work environment.Refer to Sparrowe, R.T., Liden, R.C.and Kraimer, M.L

(2001) in the same author of the journal contains resources which is the person who are

connected share their resources such as information, assistance, guidance and other that related

to their work every day.

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2.1.1.2 COMMUNICATE WITH EACH OTHER

In the journal of Nicole B.Ellison, Charles Steinfield and Cliff Lampe (2007), this

network can make strong ties with family and close friends, who might be in position to provide

support for them. It clearly shows that the Internet can facilitate someone to communicate with

each other as the alternative to carrying out a relationship. From the Paul & Brier, (2001) in the

journal said that some researcher has created the term ‘friend sickness’ which can be defined

‘loss of connection to old friends when a young person moves away to college. They found that

the network help college student remain to close to their high school after they leave home for

college.

2.1.1.3 MAINTAIN RELATIONSHIP

From the research of Barbie Clarke (2009), state that social networking are able to

maintain friendship through social networking because in that way they can kept being contact

with their friends even they had moved to a different country. Even though face to face

communication was no possible but they still can maintain their relationship. Refer to the Boyd,

2008; Donath & boyd, 2004; Subrahmanyan, et al, 2006). Ellison, et al (2006), Livingstone

(2008) and Pfeil, et al (in Press) in the same journal said that social networking can used to

strengthen existing relationship and enhance social capital.

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2.1.1.4 KEEP IN TOUCH WITH CLOSE FRIENDS

Based on the journal from Cheryl L. Coyle and Heather Vaughn (2008), can be

summarize that the social networking may serve as a source of ‘friendship-reminders’ to give

attention to one’s friends which is friendship have to stronger. Even though internet may change

the habit, but the effect of those changes on a relationship and psychological well-being would

likely small. From the study found that, nowadays student use social networking like Facebook

to maintain their social capital. In addition, they also like to stay linked with people with whom

they used to be more closely involved, for example former classmates. Based on the journal of

Donald H. Kluemper and Peter A. Rosen (2009), also agree that social networking websites can

attract people who like shares interest and activities, or who are exploring the interest of others.

Social network already design to connect users to each other and to display individual network of

friends.

2.1.1.5 STAY CONNECTED TO OTHER MEMBERS

From the researcher Rouse (1991), he analyzed that the Mexican people used media to

stay in touch, engage in community decision-making, and ‘participate in familial events even

from a considerable distance’. By using of media help social group to stay connected to other

members. YouTube is one of the social networking websites. The website is not only about video

sharing platform but also act as a websites to be friends with other people. In other words,

enables people to be ‘friending’.

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2.1.1.6 FIND MORE FRIENDS

Based on the Arrington, M (2006) in the journal of Samuel D. Gosling, Sam Gaddis and

Simine Vazire (2007) stated that social networking is a great way to find out more about

someone you have just met. Either facebook, Myspace or Friendster, it allows anyone with an

email address to create a profile complete with pictures and variety of specific personal

information. Refer to the Samuel D. Gosling, Sam Gaddis and Simine Vazire (2007) facebook

comprised mostly for of college student, although it has recently opened up to the public, and

allows users to send and post message, browse other users profile, and established visible link

via friends request.

2.1.1.7 KEEP STRONG TIES WITH MEMBERS

Based on the research on the journal Acquisti & Gross (2006) in the journal of Austin

(2008) said that young people are motivated to join these sites to keep strong ties with friends, to

strength ties with new acquaintances, and to a lesser degree, to meet new people online. They

also give example sites like facebook to allow them to exchange news and discuss issue either

either public or private.

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2.1.2 BUSINESS

Besides communication, social networking also effect on business. Past research

shows;

2.1.2.1 ASSISTS IN THE SELECTION PROCESS FOR NEW EMPLOYEE

Based on the journal of Donald H. Kluemper and Peter A. Rosen (2009), nowadays,

employers have begun using social network websites to assists in the selection process for new

employee. According to the Fuller, 2006 in this journal said that ‘some employers might try and

learn something about the student’s personality and whether it would be appropriate for the job.

However, there is information on Facebook that is not relevant to the job, but may be

inappropriately by employers to assess a candidate’. In the other words, social network have

made the work employer more easily. Employer that want to hire a person for a job may not

asked question regarding race, religion, sexual preference or marital status because all the

information can be easily located by using social network refer to the Kowske and Southwell,

(2006) in the same journal. As a result, social networking websites has become an important

issue for human resource (HR) according to the Zeidner, (2007)

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2.1.2.2 TO PROMOTE AND ADVERTISE BUSINESS

Mostly of the student using Facebook, Myspace, Friendster, Hotmail, Yahoo Massenger

as the medium to interact with each other. Based on the journal J& D, 2004 in the journal of

Muhammad Fairuz Abd Rauf, Marina Hassan, Siti Fatimah and Hema Subramaniam (2010),

social networking can make knowledge sharing, promotion or advertisement, find school

colleagues and research.

2.1.2.3 SUCCESS IN BUSINESS PRACTISE

Refer to the Yeung, (2006) in this journal of S.d Klerk said that, it allows the

entrepreneur to success in business practice. Refer to the White, (2004) they have to know the

network, require little training or explanation of network skills entail.

2.1.2.4 FACILITATE THE DELIVERY DOCUMENTATION

From the Internetworld.stats.com, (2009) there are 1.6 billon Internet users worldwide.

Many of the people use social network stay in touch with each other such as Facebook and

Myspace. The good things about the social network are use for job network, targeted marketing

and entertainment. Social network also provide inexpensive and quick source of information on

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job applicants and current employees for employers. The network also can help people easily to

send document faster to other people elsewhere by using Internet and e-mail, which are provide a

way for people to communicate.

2.1.2.5 ASSIST TO THE CAREER

According to the Forret & Dougherry (2001), p.284 in the journal of Greet Van Hoye,

Edwin A.J. Hooft, and Filip Lievens describe about the network as a job behavior. It defined as

‘individual’ attempts to develop and maintain relationship with others who have the potential to

assists them in their work or career. Networking can make contact with friends, acquaintances, or

other people so that the job seeker can get the information. In the other words, social

networkings also provide information to us. Refer to the theory, social networking as a job

search behavior refers to the intentional use of an individual job seeker’s social network with the

purpose of findings a job.

2.1.2.6 COLLABORATION BETWEEN EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYEES

Refer to the journal, James Bennett and Mark Owers, Michael Pitt and Michael Tucker

(2010), can provide opportunities for both formal and informal interaction and collaboration with

fellow employees and customer which is they can transfer their knowledge and make

communication. The social networking websites also have various informal applications and

games that member of the organization can across the boundaries and time zone so that team

spirit and organizational culture can be maintained. Other effect which is social networking will

enable workers to work effectively through enhance communication and collaboration. As long

as they have detailed personal information about the contact which can be updated whenever the

25

people had move job, offices, or department, they still can make a communication with each

other. From the several researches also support the enhancing communication and networking

practices through technology can increase the productivity of the workers in the organization.

2.1.3 EDUCATION

Nowadays, social networking is a part of tools of education. It proof by the past researcher;

2.1.3.1 INTERACTION BETWEEN STUDENT AND FACULTY

Based on the journal write by Chickering and Ehrman, 1996 in the journal of Joanna C.

Dunlop and Patrick R. Lowenthal, social networking makes contact between student and faculty

in and outside of class. When faculty stay in touch with students through formal and informal

communication and dialogue, student report that it help them get through the rough times and

keep on working. He also states that knowing their instructors enhance student’s intellectual

commitment and encourage them to think about their own values and plans. According to the

Twitter websites, Twitter is a service for friends, family, and co-workers to communicate and

stay connected through the exchange of quick, frequent answer to one simple question for

example what are you doing?.However, people use it for more than providing updates on their

current status. Refer to the Java et al (2007) people shares ideas and resources, ask and answer

question and collaborate on problem of practice; in a recent study, researchers found that the

main communication intention of people participating in Twitter could be categorized as daily

chatter, conversation, sharing resources/URLs, and reporting news. According to the Siemens

(2007) in this journal said that by using a tool that enables just in time communication with the

local and global community, they are able to engage in sharing, collaboration, and brainstorming,

problem solving, and creating within the context of moment to moment experience. From the

journal of Joanna C. Dunlop and Patrick R. Lowenthal has identified other benefits of twitter

26

which is as a helpful tool for addressing student issues quickly, encourage student to write

clearly and concisely, helped our student learn to be sensitive to their audience and make

professional decision, many practicing professional also participate, tool that student used to

support their informal learning activities, and also enable faculty and student to maintain on-

going relationship after a course ends.

2.1.3.2 SUCCESS IN ACADEMIC

Based on the Fehr.B (1996), in the journal from Professor Heng-Li Yang and Phd

candidate Jih-Hsin Tang, (2003), student that involved in social networking have more chance to

succeed in academic. Refer to the researcher, friendship network require access to information

and knowledge directly and in directly. A student who has a good friendship network, they have

a greater chance to help other people, more likely to be popular in the web-based. If they perform

very well, he or she has been developing a good friendship with others. Refer to Sparrowe, R.T.,

Liden, R.C.and Kraimer, M.L (2001) in the same author of the journal contains Student who

have good friendship and advice network, may influence them to accumulate information,

knowledge, and experience about their problem.

2.1.3.3 DISTANCE EDUCATION

Based on the journal Carreia & Davis (2008) in the journal of Kevin P. Brady B.

Holcomb, and Bethany V. Smith stated that higher education distance education student needs a

venue to connect and actively engage with other members of the class, who they often have

never met in person and activities in distance education course need to allow for student to apply

27

their learning to authentic educational contexts. According to the DeSchryver et al (2009) in this

journal said that in distance education course, a mutually beneficial relationships seems to exist

between social presence and participation in online student discussion, student with higher social

presence tend to be more involved and engaged in such conversation.

2.1.3.4 INTERACTION POSITIVE BETWEEN STUDENT-TEACHER

AND STUDENT-STUDENT

Based on the journal Pettenati, M.C. and M. Ranieri (2006) and Brandtzæg, P.B. and J.

Heim (2007) in the journal of Sacide Güzin Mazman, and Yasemin Koçak Usluel (2009) said

that social networks is a collaborative social software that support engaging in a common goals

for collaboration, knowledge sharing, interaction and communication. In addition, social

networks on the hand affect interaction positively between student-teacher and student-student

by creating more cordial environments. But the author found that social networking have been

adopted and being used extensively by many people, it is notable that they are not adopted in the

educational field as much in other fields, despite providing various advantages for the

educational context as in personalization, collaboration, information sharing, common interest,

active participation, and working together.

2.2. CONCLUSION

From the past researcher, it is proof that social networking sites have been affected

towards the communication such as make new friends, build friendship networks, communicate

28

with each other’s and maintain relationship. Besides, it also proof that social networking is one

of the tools for expanding business. It can help employer to find new employee and increase their

profit. Moreover, social networking gives big impact to education. It is because, nowadays,

social networking is one of the references for student to get information about their study.

To conclude, social networking has gives big effects to people lately.

29

CHAPTER 3

3. RESEARCH METHADOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

Research Methodology is to find out the research of the sample and sample method. The

conditions under data will be collected, with the measuring instrument or data gathering

techniques to be used. For the research methodology, we are to find a sources that we are going

to used to get the answer of the research.

3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN

30

Research design is to specify the detail of how the research is conducted. This should

include the nature of the design adopted, information needed, data collection from secondary

and primary sources, scaling techniques, questionnaire development, sampling techniques and

framework.

After we are has been formulated the research problem, the research design must be

develop, that is the framework for the research project. Research design is a plan and structured

of investigation so conceived as to obtain answer to research the question. The classification of

the research design have to, first exploratory research design, conclusive research design, and

causal research design. But for this research, we will use only causal research design.

The main goal of causal research is to identify cause and effect relationship among

variable. In causal studies, it is typical to have an expectation of the relationship to be explained,

such as prediction about the influence of price, packaging, and advertising and the like on sales.

Thus, researches must be knowledgeable about the research subject.

3.3 SAMPLING AND POPULATION

Sampling is a subset of the population. The process of sampling involved any procedure

using a small of term or apart of the whole population to make conclusion regarding the whole

population. The purpose of sampling is to estimate some unknown characteristic of the

population. The scope of our research is the UITM Segamat students and staffs. The reason we

choose this area scope because our research is about the effect social networking in term of

communication, business and education.

For our population we select this area because this area we can save cost and time. It also

make easier to us to complete this research. For the sampling, since the number of people in

UITM Segamat, Johor is around 7000, based on the number of sample according to the

population, 346 of questionnaire will be distributing to the students and staff.

31

3.4 SCALE AND MEASUREMENTS

In our questionnaire, the design that we will use is nominal scale, likert scale and

category scale. Nominal scale is a simplest type of scale. The numbers or letters assigned to

objects serve as level for identification or classification. This type of scale includes designations

as to age, gender, course, and resident or non-resident. Likert scale is a measurement design to

allowed respondent to indicate how strongly agree or disagree with carefully constructed

statement that range from very positive to very negative toward an objects. Example of this type

of scale:

Nominal Scale

1. Age 18-20 years 21-23 years 24 and above

2. Gender male female

3. RESIDENT NON-RESIDENT

Likert Scale

Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral AgreeStrongly Agree

1 2 3 4 5

32

Hereby, we include our sample of questionnaire about effects of social networking in our appendix.

3.5 DATA COLLECTION

Data collection can be define as how the researcher collect the data also related with

nature of data to be gathered. The nature of information needed by the researcher for the purpose

could be broadly classified under three headings which is background information of the

organization, managerial philosophy, company policies, and other structural aspects, and the last

is perceptions and behavioral responses of organizational members and client systems.

Data collect through such existing sources are called secondary data. That is, they are

data that already exist and do not have to be collected by the researcher. We used both type of

data which is primary data by using questionnaire and secondary data by using the previous

journal.

3.5.1 PRIMARY DATA

Surveys is asking people who are called respondent for information, using either verbal

or written question. For our research we will use only written question which is questionnaire.

The more formal term sample survey emphasizes that the purpose of contacting respondents is to

obtain representative sample of the target population. Thus, survey is defined as a method of

gathering primary data based on communication with a representative sample of individuals.

33

The type of information gathered in surveys varies considerably, depending on a survey

objective. Typically, survey investigation attempt to describe what is happening or to learn the

reason for a particular business activity. Based on our research, we will use the causal research to

identify the effects social networking on communication, business and education.

A survey provides quick, inexpensive, efficient, and accurate means of assessing

information about the population. Surveys are quiet flexible and properly conducted, extremely

valuable to managers.

3.5.2 SECONDARY DATA

Secondary data are the data gathered and recorded by someone else prior to and

for purposes other than the current needs of the researcher. Secondary data are usually historical,

already assembled, and do not require access to respondents or subjects. Secondary data also

refer to information gathered by someone other than the research conducting the current study.

3.6 DATA ANALYSIS

Data analysis is describing the plan of data and justifies the data strategies and techniques

used. In data analysis we have three objectives, to identify effects of social networking in

communication, to identify effects of social networking in business and to identify effects of

social networking in education. The feel for the data will give preliminary ideas of how good the

scales are, how well the coding and entering the data have been done and so on.

From the questionnaire that will be distribute to the respondent of measurement that be

use to measure all the variables in this research is Likert Scale Method and Nominal Scale

34

Method. The scale is from 1 to 5, which the number “1” will be represent highest disagree of

respondent and the highest number will be “5” that represent the highest agree level by the

respondent. For the focus group, the output from the discussion will be record by the moderator.

We also used SPSS system and Microsoft Excel to analyze the data and form it to form of

bar chart and also pie chart.

3.6.1 BAR CHART

Bar chart is a graphic and that shows changes in variable at discrete interval. We are

deciding to choose to use bar chart is because it can enhance the visual impact of our result. It

will give more benefit when we used this type of chart. This is because we can analyze easily of

the research that we are doing now. For the bar chart, we will use SPSS system Microsoft Excel

for scale it, because it more suitable, accurate to show the result and it can perform calculation,

analyze information, and can manage the lists.

3.6.2 PIE CHART

Another chart, which is pie chart (or a circle graph) is a circular chart divided into

sectors, illustrating the proportion. It also a graphic that aid shows the composition of some total

quantity at a particular time; each angle, or “slice” is proportional to its percentage of the whole.

In a pie chart, the arc length of each sector is proportional to the quantity it represents. When

angels are measured with one turn as unit then a number of percent is identified with the same

number of centiturns. Together, the sectors create a full disk. From the data that we are collected,

we decide to use the pie chart to indicate our objectives of this research.

35

3.7 DATA FRAMEWORK

36

Business

Communicate with each other

Maintain relationship

Keep in touch with close friend

Friendship network

Communication

Assist In selection process for new employee

Business

EFFECT ON SOSIAL

NETWORKING

Stay connected to other member

Success in business practise

To promote and advertising business

Keep strong ties with members

Find more friends

Success in academic

Interaction between student and faculty

Collaboration between employer and employee

Assist to the carier

Facilities the delivery documentation

Interaction between student-teacher and student-student

Distance equation

3.8 HYPOTESIS

37

An unproven proposition or supposition that tentatively explains certain facts or

phenomena a proposition that is empirically testable. A hypothesis is a statement, an assumption

about the nature of the world.

Once the important variables have been identify a situation established the relationship

among them through logical reasoning in the theoretical framework, we are in a position to test

whether social networking will be effect to communication, education and communication.

Hypothesis is a logically conjectured relationship between two or more variables expressed in

the form of a testable statement. And in our group research this is our hypothesis:

H1: if UiTM Segamat community using the social networking, it will occur positive effects on

communication.

H2: if UiTM Segamat community using the social networking, it will occur positive effects on

business.

H3: if UiTM Segamat community using the social networking, it will occur positive effects on

education.

3.9 CONCLUSION

This section discusses how the study will be conducted. There are several steps to be done

to achieve the objectives of this study. The first step to be done is to determine the appropriate

study design that is causal research. We selected 346 samples from the 7000 population of

people UiTM Segamat Johor. We will distribute the questions to be completed to collect the

required data. From the data that collect the analysis data process will begin. The data analysis

38

will be interpreted to chart and table. This section is very important because this stage will

influence the way and the result of the research

39

APPENDIX

EXAMPLE OF QUESTIOANNARE

SURVEY OF EFFECTS ON SOCIAL NETWORKING AMONG UITM SEGAMAT COMMUNITY

We are student of MARA University of Technology are conducting a survey regarding effects on social networking among the community. We believe that your comments and recommendations will guide us for our subject; Research Methodology (MGT 533) on this semester. We appreciate your effort in spending time to answer this questionnaire. All the information given are private and confidential.

Answer the following questions;

1. Gender Male Female

2. What is your age group?

18-19 years

20-22 years

23 and above

40

3. What is your educational qualification?

PP Pra-diploma Diploma Bachelor Master Phd

4. Resident?

Hostel (student) Non Resident(student) Rent/ownhouse(staff)

5. Are you are user of social networking?

Yes No

6. Where do you usually online?

Library Hostel Cyber cafe Home

7. How often you use a social networking in a term of education for a week?

1-2 hours 3-4 hours

5-6 hours more than 6 hours

41

8. How has social networking sites benefited you as a user?

I can connect with my friend for notes

Doing more constructive work

To exchange information; assignment, homework etc

9. What is the purpose you used social networking on education?

` Homework /assignment

Share notes

A way of release tension

10. Is it social networking used to be second resources in your task?

Yes No

11. Is it social networking influence you in bad attitude?

Yes No

42

The following questions required you to tick whether;

Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree1 2 3 4 5

Questions 1 2 3 4 512. Social networking gives good impact to communication13. Social networking affects on relationship with friend (new friend and existing friends)14. Social networking broken main language (Malay)15. Social networking make you up-to-date16.Social networking build up family relationship17. Social networking helps to expand your business18. Social networking help you to generate new idea19. Social networking can help customer to solve problem20. social networking help you more easier in manage business21. social networking help you to improve business profit

43

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