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Effective Decision making and

Problem Solving skillsShubham Learnings

Mr. P.S.Rao, Mr. Dushyant Mishra

Mob. 09823876842

suryanand55@yahoo.co.in

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What is a problem...?

A problem is an undesirable result of a

process or a Job

The gap between the expectation and the

outcome

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What is Problem solving...?

Any effort to fill or minimise the gap between

the actual and the desired target

Develop a solution appropriate to address the

issue

To take corrective measure to overcome the

cause

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QC Story7 Steps of

CONCLU-

SION

ANALYSIS

ACTIONCHECK

STANDARDI-

SATON

1

2

3

45

6

7

A P

DC

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1. Problem

Define the problem clearly

Look at the charts showing the undesirable

result of poor performance

Decide the Theme and Target

Decide the Team (Guide, Leader & Members)

Decide the timing plan

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2. Observation

Observe various phenomenon / symptoms of the

problem from different view points

Conduct observation at the workplace where theproblem exists

Use Charts, Data and stratification of data to

understand the phenomenon

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3. Analysis

Arrive at the main/ root causes for each

phenomenon

Ask Why five times. This will lead to the rootcause

Use QC tools as required.

Be cautious about using QC tools as they mayalso list unrelated potential causes. This leads towastage of times

Verify the causes by intentionally reproducingthe defects ( E.g.. Good-bad analysis)

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Why Answer Action

Disassemble leaking part.

Why did it leak? Cut in O-ring. Replace O-ring.

Why was it cut? Rod has scratch. Remove scratch.

Why was it scratched? Chip was scattered andattached on rod. Take measure to prevent chips fromscattering

Why did chips get attached?Cylinder is located within

scattering range of chips.Change cylinder position

Rod cover is not placed. Install cover.

Why is rod praced in that

Why no cover?

Defective design and

installationStandardize design and installation.

- Oil leaks from cylinder rod each time it operates.

WHY WHY Analysis

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4. Action

Develop actions for immediate remedy. Action

plan ( Actions to reduce the problem) in 3W1H

Develop actions to eliminate the main causes to

prevent recurrence

Understand the side - effects of the

countermeasures

Implement a countermeasure which is most

economical as well as satisfying the technicalconditions.

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5. Check

Check the result through comparative measure

chart before & after implementation of actions

Compare the result with target value

If the problem is continuing even after the

actions have been taken, go back to the

observation step & restart the investigation.

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7. Conclusion

Review the problem solving procedure & plan

future actions for continuous improvement

Sum up the remaining problems

Establish plan of the action for the remainingproblems

AP

DC

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7. Conclusion

AP

DC

Review the problem solving procedure & plan

future actions for continuous improvement

Sum up the remaining problems

Establish plan of the action for the remainingproblems

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7. Conclusion

AP

DC

Review the problem solving procedure & plan

future actions for continuous improvement

Sum up the remaining problems

Establish plan of the action for the remainingproblems

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7. Conclusion

AP

DC

ROTATE P.D.C.A

Review the problem solving procedure & plan

future actions for continuous improvement

Sum up the remaining problems

Establish plan of the action for the remainingproblems

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7 steps of QC story

1) Problem: Identification of the problem.2) Observation: Recognition of the features of

the problem.

3) Analysis: Finding out the main causes.

4) Action: Action to eliminate the causes.

5) Check: Confirmation of the effectiveness of the

action.

6) Standardisation: Permanent elimination of the causes.7) Conclusion: Review of the activities and

planning for future work.

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1. Check sheet

2. Pareto diagram

3. Histogram

4. Cause and Effect Diagram

5. Stratification

6. Scatter Diagram

7. Control chart/ Graph

Seven tools for QC