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Effective Instructional Strategies

- BRENDA B. CORPUZ, Ph.D.

Characteristics of an Instructional Strategy

• Interactive – mutual or reciprocal action

• Integrated - incorporate

• Introspective – self reflection

• Reflective Contextualized – reflecting onwritten facts

• Experiential – to experience

• Collaborative – to work together

• Cooperative – combined or shared effort

Modes of Interaction

• Interact with TeacherPersonality is a big factor in making student-teacher interaction happen.

• Interact with Instructional MaterialsAid your teaching with multi-sensory instructional materials.

• Interact with SelfStudents learn when they reflect on the facts, skills, and attitudes taught in class.

Integrative Teaching

• MI – Integrated Teaching StrategyTeaching strategy should depend on intelligence & learning style.

• Research-based Teaching StrategyTo be integrative in approach, you must incorporate research findings in your teaching process.

Intelligence Examples of Classroom Activities

Verbal - Linguistic discussion, debate, storytelling

Logical - mathematical calculations, number games, comparison

Spatial art projects, charts, graphs

Bodily-Kinesthetic role-playing, dance

Musical singing, analyzing sounds and music

Interpersonal sharing, peer tutoring

Intrapersonal journal writing, reflecting

Naturalist field trips, outdoor activities

9 Categories of Instructional Strategies

(McRel)

1. Setting objectives and providing feedback

• By setting instructional goals, teachers can narrow the focus for students.

• Feedback should provide students with information on what they are doing correctly and incorrectly.

2. Nonlinguistic representations

• A variety of activities can help students to formulate nonlinguistic representations. These strategies include the use of graphic representations, pictures, mental images etc.

3. Cues, questions, and advance organizers

• Cues and questions should focus on what is important rather than on what is unusual.

4. Cooperative learning

• Advance organizers are best used to give structure to information that is not well organized.

5. Summarizing and note taking

• To effectively summarize, students must keep, delete, and substitute information.

• Verbatim note taking is the least effective way to take notes.

6. Homework and practice

• The amount of homework assigned to students should increase as they progress from elementary through high school

7. Reinforcing effort and providing recognition

• Students are unaware of the direct effect that effort has on success.

• Abstract recognition(e.g. praise) is more effective in improving performance than tangible rewards(e.g. candy).

8. Generating and testing hypotheses

• Teachers must encourage students to explain their hypotheses and conclusions. This is a chance for the students to develop oral and academic language.

9. Identifying similarities and differences

• Students should independently identify similarities and differences.