effective poster and oral presentations aj frew university of southampton, uk
TRANSCRIPT
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Effective poster and oral presentations
AJ Frew
University of Southampton, UK
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Purpose of poster
• To show work and excite comment
• To generate advice for future work
• To obtain feedback for writing up
• To make a mark and solicit collaboration
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Horses for courses
• Different layout and content needed for– Fully attended poster– Poster discussion symposium– Unsupported poster
• Consider providing paper copies
• Have the organisers arranged for electronic/CD collection of posters?
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Key components
• Abstract
• Title
• Context/ Introduction
• Figures
• Summary
• Discussion points
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Abstract
• Advertisement of work
• Basis of selection for display
• Attracts viewers
• May be citable and attract interest after meeting
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Title
• Also attracts viewers
• Must be legible from distance
• Clear message
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Context/Introduction
• Explains why study was done
• Limited amount of background
• Include hypothesis being tested
• Avoid excessive amounts of text
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Methods
• Use photographs where possible
• Essential detail only (unless purpose of poster is to show a new method)
• Use large font
• Use space
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Local Allergen Challenge
baseline 10 minutes
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Results
• Just key results
• Figures preferable to tables
• Supply full legends
• Logical sequence of experiments/data
• Consider summary with linking lines
• Logical layout, using board space to best effect
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Title Authors Institution
AbstractIntro/
Context
Method
Results 1
Summary
Disc’nPoints
Legend
Results 2
Legend
Results 3
Legend
Results 4
Legend
Funding
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Title Authors Institution
AbstractIntro/
Context
Method
Results 1
Summary
Disc’nPoints
Legend
Results 2
Legend
Results 3
Legend
Results 4
Legend
Funding
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Summary
• Cogent summary
• Fair & accurate conclusions
• Discussion points– to excite comments and interest– to help with further experiments– to help with writing up paper
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Role of presenter
• To engage with passers-by
• To answer queries
• To receive feedback
• Aim is to use time for discussion, not to explain methods repeatedly!
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What makes a good poster?
• Clarity of purpose
• Appropriate use of figures and legends
• Small amount of legible text
• Enthusiastic presenter
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Purpose of oral presentation
• To show work and obtain feedback for writing up
• To make a mark • OPs are less useful than posters for:
– getting comments and feedback– getting advice for future work– getting future collaborations
• Few questions, and usually simple ones
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Before starting
• How long have I got?
• How much time is allocated for discussion?
• Who is the audience?
• What are the main results/points?– (one sentence summary)
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How many slides?
• Aim for one slide per minute– More is possible but may appear rushed– Two per minute will always be too many
• Audience need time to orient themselves• You will usually remember some extra
things that you want to say• Allow time for changeover and thanks to
organisers etc
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Key components of an oral presentation
• Context/ Introduction
• Method
• Results
• Summary
• Discussion points
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Context/Introduction
• One slide to explain why study was done
• Include hypothesis being tested
• Avoid excessive amounts of text
• Avoid long explanation of “iconic” cartoon
• Consider highlighting the area of interest
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cellcytoplasm
membrane
NF-B
IL-8
MAPK
DEP
TGFheparin-binding-EGFamphiregulin
MMP
EGFR pro-ligand eg TGF
Autocrine ligand
EGFR
Mucins
PP
nucleus
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Methods
• How much do you really need to show?
• Use photographs if appropriate
• Essential detail only
• (unless primary purpose of presentation is to show a new method)
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Which works better?
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Methods
• Diesel exhaust was generated from an idling Volvo engine (built 1993), diluted with filtered ambient air and pumped into an exposure chamber in the next room.
• On control days the engine was left running but only filtered air was supplied to the chamber
• Particulate and gas concentrations were measured on a continuous basis
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OR …...
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Diesel engine testbed (National Inst of Working Life, Umeå)
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Diesel exposure chamber (National Inst of Working Life, Umeå)
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Results
• Identify key results and stick to them
• Avoid data tables
• Avoid figures from papers
• Prepare figures to show key points
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Results -common faults
• This is a very busy slide, but if you look over here in the corner you can see…..
• As you can clearly see…..
• I’m sorry. I made this slide for another meeting, but if you ignore this part of the graph……
• Some of you at the back may not be able to read this
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Laser Pointers/Highlights
• Use laser pointer sparingly
• Support your wrist
• Don’t “hosepipe”
• Consider using powerpoint features to draw audience to your key points: e.g.– ring highlights– building up graphs
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Cytokine mRNA in BAL cells before and 24h after Ag challenge
Pre 24hPost
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Allergy & FarmingRiedler et al Lancet 2001;358:1129-33
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Asthma Hay Fever Atopy
Neither
Milk <1
Byre <1
Both <1
Either >1
% of children
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Try explaining …...
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leukotrienes
Chemotaxis
Tryptase
MigrationActivation
IgE
AgB-cell
IL-5
IL-4
IL-4
T-cell
Recruitment
Epithelialdamage
(via APC)
Mastcell
IgE
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OR …...
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leukotrienes
Tryptase
IgE
Ag
Epithelialdamage
Mastcell
IgE
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leukotrienes
Chemotaxis
Tryptase
MigrationActivation
IgE
Ag
Recruitment
Epithelialdamage
Mastcell
IgE
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leukotrienes
Chemotaxis
Tryptase
MigrationActivation
IgE
AgB-cell
Recruitment
Epithelialdamage
Mastcell
IgE
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leukotrienes
Chemotaxis
Tryptase
MigrationActivation
IgE
AgB-cell
IL-4
T-cell
Recruitment
Epithelialdamage
(via APC)
Mastcell
IgE
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leukotrienes
Chemotaxis
Tryptase
MigrationActivation
IgE
AgB-cell
IL-5
IL-4
IL-4
T-cell
Recruitment
Epithelialdamage
(via APC)
Mastcell
IgE
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For complex built-upfigures, make whole figure, then make copiesand delete parts
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Summary
• Bullet points only
• Discussion points– to acknowledge weaknesses– to compare with previous knowledge– to excite comments and interest– to help with writing up paper
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Acknowledgements
• Can take a long time
• Often excessive
• Often uses up a large proportion of discussion time – especially if your presentation or the whole
session is running late
• Consider giving acknowledgements at beginning (as part of title slide)
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Oral presentation
• Plan to use your time wisely
• Leave time for discussion
• Prepare clear figures to show results
• Use powerpoint features, – but don’t overdo it
• Speak slowly - “Less is more”
• Give audience some ideas for discussion
• Rehearse with an honest friend