Effective Presentation Skills

Alaa Sadik, PhD

alaasadik@gmail.comwww.alaasadik.net

Effective Presentation Skills

Main PointsMain Points

1. Types of media and multimedia.2. Principles of message design.3. Types of presentation technology.4. Designing effective presentations.5. New advancements in presentation.

Part OneTypes of Media

The HumanEar

Text words, numbers, signs, symbols, equations, etc.

The ear consists of three basic parts the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear.

Each part of the ear serves a specific purpose in the task of detecting and interpreting sound.

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Image drawing, graph, photo, map, etc.

The HumanEar

Types of Images

A simple representation of forms or objects by means of lines, curves and indicators to explain idea or show relationship.

Line Drawing

A simple and attractive artwork that helps simplify concept or make an idea or relationship simple and clear.

Illustrated Drawing

A group of pictures in a specified sequence that tell a story or illustrate a phenomena with titles and captions.

Sequenced Drawing

A complex picture aims to explain the similarities and differences between two or more objects.

Comparative Drawing

A map is a simplified depiction of a space or specific region, which highlights relations between objects within that space with navigational aids and appropriate scale.

Maps

A poster is a graphic advertisement aims to post a specific message quickly and simply in a public place.

Posters

A chart is a visual representation of data (using lines, bars, pies…) that displays the relationship among variables, usually cast along x and y axes.

Charts

Flowcharts

A flowchart is a diagram consisting of a set of specified symbols (rectangles, diamonds, circle..) and connecting arrows that shows step-by-step progression through a procedure, process or system.

Geometrical Figures

A two- or three-dimensional drawing illustrates a geometrical concept or relationship using accurate measures.

Screenshots

A screenshot is an image captured by the computer to record the visible items on the monitor or another visual output device.

A visual representation captured using ordinary or special optical or digital camera.

Photographs

Line DrawingIllustrated DrawingKroki Sequenced DrawingComparative DrawingCartoonCaricaturesMapsPosters

ChartsFlowchart Hierarchical DrawingGeometrical FiguresScreenshotsPhotographs

Types of Images

Audio human voice, sound effects, natural, mechanical, etc.

The HumanEar

The human ear consists of ...

The New Media Class Hierarchy

- Temporal

- Static

- Computational

- Directive

The New Media Class Hierarchy

The New Media Class Hierarchy

Examples

Temporal

The HumanEar

Landing

The pilot managed to

land the airoplane safely

Temporal

Auditory

Physiology

Lab.This figure shows a summary of the maximum efferent mediated adaptation of the DPOAE for 168 intensity combinations of the primary tones in 0.4 dB steps.

Computational

Define

Values

Using

Sliders

Directive

Multimedia

Now…

What is multimedia?

Multimedia

Transmission that combine different media of communication text, graphics, audio, animation, video, etc.

The human ear consists of three parts:

1. The outer ear

2. The middle ear

3. The inner earListen

TheThe HumanHuman EarEar

Part TwoMedia Design

Communicating Messages

To communicate a message you need a:

- Sender (to send the message)

Communicating Messages

To communicate a message you need a:

- Message (to carry the content)

Communicating Messages

To communicate a message you need a:

- Medium (to carry the message)

Communicating Messages

To communicate a message you need a:

- Receiver (to receive the message)

Communicating Messages

To communicate a message you need a:

- Domain (to facilitate communication)

Communicating Messages

To communicate a message you need a:

- Sender (to send the message)

- Message (to carry the content)

- Medium (to carry the message)

- Receiver (to receive the message)

- Domain (to facilitate communication)

Communication Process

Media & Experience

Dale’s Cone of Experience

Dale’s Cone of Experience At the top:

provide more information, compress information, faster for those able to process it, need more instructional support.

At the bottom: involve the learner, encourage active learning, provide less information, more stimuli and richer experience

Dale’s Cone of Experience

Part ThreePresentation Technology

Writing boards Flipcharts OHP transparencies 35 mm slides Video Models/real objects/samples/shapes Audio-video-conferencing Digital projectors Smart classrooms Computers (software and storage media) The Internet

Presentation Technology Used in Higher Education

Writing Boards

e-Boards

Samples, Real Objects & Models

Samples, Real Objects & Models

Projectors

Smart Classrooms

Video-Conferencing

Presentation Software

The Web

Part FourDesigning Effective Presentation Using Power Point

Guidelines Big Simple Clear Progressive Consistent

Designing Effective Presentation Using Power Point

Make It Big

Make it Big (Text)

This is Arial 12

This is Arial 18

This is Arial 24

This is Arial 32 This is Arial 36

This is Arial 44

Make it Big (Text)

This is Arial 12

This is Arial 18

This is Arial 24

This is Arial 32 This is Arial 36

This is Arial 44

Too Small

Make It Big (How to Estimate)

Look at it from 2 metres away2 m

Keep It Simple

Keep It Simple (Text)

Too many colours TooToo Many Fonts and Styles

The 6 x 7 rule No more than 6 lines per slide No more than 7 words per line

Keep It Simple (Text)

Instructional Technology:A complex integrated process involving people, procedures, ideas, devices, and organization, for analyzing problems and devising, implementing, evaluating, and managing solutions to those problems in situations in which learning is purposive and controlled(HMRS 5th ed.)

Too detailed !

Keep It Simple (Text)

A processinvolving people, procedures & toolsfor solutionsto problems in learning

(HMRS 5th ed.)

Instructional Technology:

Much Simpler

Falling Leaves Observed

Christchurch Dunedin Wellington

January 11,532,234 14,123,654 3,034,564

February 1,078,456 12,345,567 16,128,234

March 17,234,778 6,567,123 16,034,786

April 16,098,897 10,870,954 7,940,096

May 8,036,897 10,345,394 14,856,456

June 16,184,345 678,095 4,123,656

July 8,890,345 15,347,934 18,885,786

August 8,674,234 18,107,110 17,230,095

September 4,032,045 18,923,239 9,950,498

October 2,608,096 9,945,890 5,596,096

November 5,864,034 478,023 6,678,125

December 12,234,123 9,532,111 3,045,654

Too detailed !

Falling Leaves in Millions

In 106 Christchurch Dunedin Wellington

January 11 14 3

February 1 12 16

March 17 6 16

April 16 10 7

May 8 10 14

June 16 0 4

July 8 15 18

August 8 18 17

September 4 18 9

October 2 9 5

November 5 0 6

December 12 9 3

Much Simpler

Falling Leaves

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

January February March April May June July August September October November December

Wellington

Dunedin

Christchurch

Too detailed !

Falling Leaves

0

10

20

30

40

50

January March May July September November

WellingtonDunedinChristchurch

Much Simpler

Keep It Simple (Picture)

Art work may distract your audience• Artistry does not substitute for content

Keep It Simple (Sound)

Sound effects may distract too• Use sound only when necessary

Keep It Simple (Transition)

This transition is annoying, not enhancing

• "Appear" and "Disappear" are better

Keep It Simple (Animation)

2 m

Too distracting !

Keep It Simple (Animation)

2 m

Simple & to the point

Make It Clear

Make It Clear (Capitalisation)

ALL CAPITAL LETTERS ARE DIFFICULT TO READ

Upper and lower case letters are easier

Sanserif Z SerifZ

Make It Clear (Fonts)

busyclear

Serif fonts are difficult to read on screen Sanserif fonts are clearer Italics are difficult to read on screen Normal or bold fonts are clearer Underlines may signify hyperlinks Instead, use colours to emphasise

Make It Clear (Fonts)

Make It Clear (Numbers)

Use numbers for lists with sequenceFor example:

How to put an elephant into a fridge?

1. Open the door of the fridge2. Put the elephant in3. Close the door

Make It Clear (Numbers)

How to put a giraffe into a fridge?

1. Open the door of the fridge2. Take out the elephant3. Put the giraffe in4. Close the door

Make It Clear (Bullets)

Use bullets to show a list without Priority Sequence Hierarchy

Make It Clear (Colours)

Use contrasting colours Light on dark vs dark on light Use complementary colours

Make It Clear (Contrast)

Use contrasting colours Light on dark vs dark on light Use complementary colours

low contrast

high contrast

Make It Clear (Contrast)

Use contrasting colours Light on dark vs dark on light Use complementary colours

This is light on dark

Make It Clear (Contrast)

Use contrasting colours Light on dark vs dark on light Use complementary colours

This is dark on light

Make It Clear (Complement)

Use contrasting colours• Light on dark vs dark on light • Use complementary colours

These colours do not complement

Make It Clear (Complement)

Use contrasting colours• Light on dark vs dark on light • Use complementary colours

These colours complement

Make It Clear (Size)

Size implies importance

Make It Clear (Size)

Size implies importance

Be Progressive

Complexity of Interactions

Mo

de o

f Instru

ction

Individual Pair Group

DirectInstruction

GuidedInquiry

DiscoveryLearning

IndividualInstructive

Tools

IndividualConstructive

Tools

SocialConstructive

Tools

SocialCommunicative

Tools

Informational Tools

Types of Instructional Tools

Too many in one go!

Complexity of Interactions

Mo

de o

f Instru

ction

Individual Pair Group

DirectInstruction

GuidedInquiry

DiscoveryLearning

IndividualInstructive

Tools

IndividualConstructive

Tools

SocialConstructive

Tools

SocialCommunicative

Tools

Informational Tools

Types of Instructional Tools

Progressive & thus focused

Be Consistent

Be Consistent

Differences draw attention Differences may imply importance Use surprises to attract not distract

Be Consistent

Differences draw attention Differences may imply importance Use surprises to attract not distract

This tick draws attention

Be Consistent

Differences draw attention Differences may imply importanceo Use surprises to attract not distract

These differences distract!

Be Consistent

Differences draw attention• Differences may imply importance Use surprises to attract not distract

This implies importance

Be Consistent

Differences draw attention• Differences may imply importance Use surprises to attract not distract

Confusing differences!

Be Consistent

Differences draw attention Differences may imply importance Use surprises to attract not distract

This surprise attracts

Be Consistent

Differences draw attention Differences may imply importance Use surprises to attract not distract

These distract!

In Summary

Big Simple Clear Progressive Consistent

Some Final Words

Communication is the key Text to support the communication Pictures to simplify complex concepts Animations for complex relationships Visuals to support, not to distract Sounds only when absolutely

necessary