effectiveness health teaching in relation to diabetic

8/8/2019 Effectiveness Health Teaching in Relation to Diabetic

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³Effectiveness Health³Effectiveness Health

Teaching in Relation toTeaching in Relation toDiabetic Patient¶sDiabetic Patient¶s

Compliance´Compliance´



CHAPTER ICHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND IT¶STHE PROBLEM AND IT¶S

BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND



IntroductionIntroductionHealth teaching to the patient and theHealth teaching to the patient and the

family is probably the most importantfamily is probably the most importantobligation of the clinician who providesobligation of the clinician who provides

initial care. The best persons to manageinitial care. The best persons to manage

a disease that is affected so markedlya disease that is affected so markedly

by daily fluctuation in environmentalby daily fluctuation in environmental

stress, exercise, diet and infections arestress, exercise, diet and infections are

the patients themselves and their the patients themselves and their

families or nurse of the nature of families or nurse of the nature of diabetes and it¶s physician¶s and chronicdiabetes and it¶s physician¶s and chronic

hazards and how they can behazards and how they can be

recognized early and prevented or recognized early and prevented or

treated.treated.



The quality of care is therefore the mostThe quality of care is therefore the most

important factor in the prevention of important factor in the prevention of diabetes is related outcome.diabetes is related outcome.

Unfortunately most people with diabetesUnfortunately most people with diabetes

throughout the word do not receivethroughout the word do not receive

appropriate care due to unawareness,appropriate care due to unawareness,ignorance and lack of understanding.ignorance and lack of understanding.

Lack of adequate care along with aLack of adequate care along with a

plentiful close of ignorance can denyplentiful close of ignorance can denypeople with diabetes and other basicpeople with diabetes and other basic

right concerning quality of life.right concerning quality of life.



Patients should be provided on howPatients should be provided on how

they can use to adjust the timingthey can use to adjust the timingand quantity of their insulin dose,and quantity of their insulin dose,

good and exercise in response togood and exercise in response to

measured blood glucose values.measured blood glucose values. Advise on personal hygiene Advise on personal hygiene

including detailed instructions onincluding detailed instructions on

foot care as well as individualizedfoot care as well as individualizedinstructionon diet,instructionon diet,



Compliance to the therapeutic regimenCompliance to the therapeutic regimenamong patient persists as challenge for among patient persists as challenge for

the nurses and other member of thethe nurses and other member of the

health team. Patient education is a vitalhealth team. Patient education is a vitalelement in the management of diabetes.element in the management of diabetes.

In this respect nurses have becomeIn this respect nurses have become

increasing sensitive and conscious of increasing sensitive and conscious of

their role as teacher, health teaching istheir role as teacher, health teaching isconsidered as independent function.considered as independent function.



A common symptom of diabetes mellitus A common symptom of diabetes mellitus

is weight reduction by the loss of fluidis weight reduction by the loss of fluid

and fats; this is because of the inabilityand fats; this is because of the inabilityof the body to breakdown theof the body to breakdown the

carbohydrates.carbohydrates.



Other symptoms are passing copiousOther symptoms are passing copious

amounts of urine (polyuria); increasedamounts of urine (polyuria); increasedthirst (polydipsia);excessive hunger thirst (polydipsia);excessive hunger

(polyphagia);disturbances of vison; limb(polyphagia);disturbances of vison; limb

numbness; genital itching; cessation of numbness; genital itching; cessation of

menstruation n women; and tendency tomenstruation n women; and tendency to

boils and skin infection. About half of theboils and skin infection. About half of the

people affected are diagnosed for somepeople affected are diagnosed for some

years until the high blood glucose levelsyears until the high blood glucose levelsare detected in samples of blood duringare detected in samples of blood during

medical test.medical test.



The aim of the health teaching inThe aim of the health teaching intreatment on all toes of diabetes is totreatment on all toes of diabetes is to

keep the blood glucose level as normalkeep the blood glucose level as normal

as possible by administering insulin, or as possible by administering insulin, or

by providing glucose reduction therapy.by providing glucose reduction therapy.Prescribe diets involves insuring thatPrescribe diets involves insuring that

meals and snacks are so timed that themeals and snacks are so timed that the

body¶s insulin levels do not becomebody¶s insulin levels do not becomeoverwhelmed.overwhelmed.



It is in this light that this research choseIt is in this light that this research chose

to study the effectiveness of healthto study the effectiveness of health

teaching in relation to diabetic patientteaching in relation to diabetic patientcompliance, where diabetes is givencompliance, where diabetes is given

high priority.high priority.



Background of the StudyBackground of the Study

The researchers choose to study theThe researchers choose to study the

effectiveness health teaching in relationeffectiveness health teaching in relation

to diabetic patient¶s compliance becauseto diabetic patient¶s compliance because

the researchers have relatives andthe researchers have relatives andfriends with diabetes and werefriends with diabetes and were

concerned on their health and weconcerned on their health and we

emphasize the importance of emphasize the importance of compliance to the therapeutic regimencompliance to the therapeutic regimen

to avoid severe complications.to avoid severe complications.



As the population of diabetic continuous As the population of diabetic continuousto grow, nurses must keep up with theto grow, nurses must keep up with the

daunting task of teaching patient caredaunting task of teaching patient care

for themselves. By providing a effectivefor themselves. By providing a effective

health teaching to diabetic patient thehealth teaching to diabetic patient the

outcome of care are higher and oftenoutcome of care are higher and often

are more compliant in medication, dietare more compliant in medication, diet

and exercise.and exercise.



Conceptual Fr amework Conceptual Fr amework

The study will focus on determiningThe study will focus on determiningthe effectiveness of health teachingthe effectiveness of health teaching

in relation to diabetic patientin relation to diabetic patient

compliance in Barangay Caniogan.compliance in Barangay Caniogan.



The study will focus on determining theThe study will focus on determining the

effectiveness of health teaching ineffectiveness of health teaching in

relation to diabetic patient compliance inrelation to diabetic patient compliance inBarangay Caniogan.Barangay Caniogan.

Result of several studies suggests thatResult of several studies suggests that

adequate information, education, andadequate information, education, and

support about diabetes contributesupport about diabetes contribute

significantly to healing the patientsignificantly to healing the patient

undergoing diabetes treatment. It isundergoing diabetes treatment. It isessential for health professionals to beessential for health professionals to be

better informed so that they may providebetter informed so that they may provide

better guidance and support to thebetter guidance and support to the

famil .famil .



The system model which guided theThe system model which guided the

researcher in conducting this study isresearcher in conducting this study isdepicted in paradigm form shown asdepicted in paradigm form shown as

Figure 1.Figure 1.



NEUMAN¶S SYSTEM MODELNEUMAN¶S SYSTEM MODEL

Neuman¶s model in client systems,Neuman¶s model in client systems,

whether it is an individual or an aggregate,whether it is an individual or an aggregate,

isisvisualized as an open system thatvisualized as an open system that

experiences stressors developing from theexperiences stressors developing from the

internal and external environment.internal and external environment.

Neuman¶s systems perspective wasNeuman¶s systems perspective waschosen because of its precise andchosen because of its precise and

comprehensive analysis.comprehensive analysis.



Neumans system model is healthNeumans system model is health

oriented. It describes health as aoriented. It describes health as a

continuum from wellness to illness andcontinuum from wellness to illness and

speaks of an optimal state of wellness.speaks of an optimal state of wellness.

Equilibrium is a healthy state of theEquilibrium is a healthy state of the

system, and disequilibrium is thesystem, and disequilibrium is theunhealthy or diseased state of the system.unhealthy or diseased state of the system.

Neuman offers a general proposition thatNeuman offers a general proposition that

the healthier the system, the lower thethe healthier the system, the lower thereaction to stress. The prevention of reaction to stress. The prevention of

disequilibrium of illness is the centraldisequilibrium of illness is the central

focus and goal.focus and goal.



Neuman¶s model provides a centralNeuman¶s model provides a central

focus in nursing intervention, whichfocus in nursing intervention, which

conceptualized as prevention, and theconceptualized as prevention, and theaction of the nurse as reconstitution sheaction of the nurse as reconstitution she

identifies three types of nursingidentifies three types of nursing

intervention and label them as:intervention and label them as:



1. Primary Prevention, when a threat to1. Primary Prevention, when a threat to

health exists but no stressor invasionhealth exists but no stressor invasion

reaction has occurred. In order to preventreaction has occurred. In order to prevent

the disease diabetes the patient shouldthe disease diabetes the patient should

consult a doctor, have completeconsult a doctor, have complete

examination of the blood and urine likeexamination of the blood and urine like

fasting blood sugar, urinalysis.fasting blood sugar, urinalysis.



2. Secondary Prevention, when the stressor 2. Secondary Prevention, when the stressor

invasion has occurred an action isinvasion has occurred an action is

taken to prevent the state of disequilibriumtaken to prevent the state of disequilibriumfrom progressing to the point at which basisfrom progressing to the point at which basis

structure becomes threatened. If the patient isstructure becomes threatened. If the patient is

diagnosed, as a diabetic he/she shoulddiagnosed, as a diabetic he/she should

already take precautions like all medicinesalready take precautions like all medicinesshould be prescribed by doctors, change of should be prescribed by doctors, change of

lifestyle, stopped smoking or drinking toolifestyle, stopped smoking or drinking too

much, avoidance of foods containing highmuch, avoidance of foods containing high

sugar, taking of the proper diet and doingsugar, taking of the proper diet and doingproper exercises to prevent from other proper exercises to prevent from other

complications.complications.



3. Tertiary Prevention, means reconstituting a3. Tertiary Prevention, means reconstituting a

system seriously impacted but stressors tosystem seriously impacted but stressors to

restore the system of equilibrium to optimalrestore the system of equilibrium to optimal

wellness or its stable state. The whole familywellness or its stable state. The whole familyis affected, so the patient needs supportis affected, so the patient needs support

coming from the other family members.coming from the other family members.

Intervention at more than one level of Intervention at more than one level of

prevention may take place concomitantly. For prevention may take place concomitantly. For instances the nurse may offer assistance atinstances the nurse may offer assistance at

the tertiary level in terms of reconstitution of athe tertiary level in terms of reconstitution of a

health state, while applying primary or health state, while applying primary or

secondary teaching intervention in attempts tosecondary teaching intervention in attempts toprevent a recurrence of the disease in theprevent a recurrence of the disease in the

future. Optional client stability is the goal of future. Optional client stability is the goal of

nursing intervention.nursing intervention.



RESEARCH PARADIGMRESEARCH PARADIGM

FIGURE 1FIGURE 1

Effectiveness In Health Teaching In RelationEffectiveness In Health Teaching In Relation

To Diabetic Patient ComplianceTo Diabetic Patient Compliance



STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMSTATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The main problem of this study is toThe main problem of this study is to

describe the effectiveness of healthdescribe the effectiveness of health

teachingteaching

in diabetic patients in relation toin diabetic patients in relation to

compliance in Barangay Caniogan.compliance in Barangay Caniogan.

Specifically, it attempts to answer theSpecifically, it attempts to answer the

following questions:following questions:



What is the profile of diabetic patients atWhat is the profile of diabetic patients at

Barangay Caniogan in terms of :Barangay Caniogan in terms of :

1.1 Age1.1 Age

1.2 Gender1.2 Gender1.3 Civil Status1.3 Civil Status

1.4 Educational Attainment1.4 Educational Attainment

1.5E

conomic Status1.5E

conomic Status1.6 Number of Children1.6 Number of Children



2. To what extent does the diabetic patient2. To what extent does the diabetic patient

comply to health teachings in relation to:comply to health teachings in relation to:

2.1 Diet2.1 Diet2.2 Exercise2.2 Exercise

2.3 Medication2.3 Medication

2.4 Foot Care2.4 Foot Care

2.5 Blood Glucose Monitoring2.5 Blood Glucose Monitoring



3.I

s there is a significant relationship3.I

s there is a significant relationshipbetween the respondent·s profile with theirbetween the respondent·s profile with their

compliance rating in terms of:compliance rating in terms of:



3.4Foot Care3.4Foot Care3.5Blood Glucose Monitoring3.5Blood Glucose Monitoring



RESEARCH HYPOTHESISRESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

It was hypothesized in this study that:It was hypothesized in this study that:There is no significant relationship betweenThere is no significant relationship between

the effectiveness of health teaching inthe effectiveness of health teaching in

relation to diabetic patient·s compliance inrelation to diabetic patient·s compliance inBarangay Caniogan.Barangay Caniogan.



SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYSIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study will attempt to determine theThe study will attempt to determine the

effectiveness of health teaching in relationeffectiveness of health teaching in relation

to diabetic patient·s compliance in Barangayto diabetic patient·s compliance in Barangay

Caniogan in maintaining normal bloodCaniogan in maintaining normal blood

glucose and delaying the onset of chronicglucose and delaying the onset of chronic

complication or preventing its complication.complication or preventing its complication.

Hopefully the findings will benefit theHopefully the findings will benefit thefollowing:following:



NursesNurses It will help them provide a more effectiveIt will help them provide a more effective

way to educate clients and the family the way theyway to educate clients and the family the way they

give nursing intervention as primary caregivers.give nursing intervention as primary caregivers.

Nurse EducatorsNurse Educators It will serve them a basicIt will serve them a basic

foundation and training for the nearfoundation and training for the near

future as good diabetes nurse educators. This willfuture as good diabetes nurse educators. This will

serve as a tool in getting techniques on how to dealserve as a tool in getting techniques on how to deal

more with the diabetic client.more with the diabetic client.

Nurse Researcher Nurse Researcher This may serve as a goalThis may serve as a goal

beginning to undertake further researcher designedbeginning to undertake further researcher designed

to plan more appropriate programs that can helpto plan more appropriate programs that can help

develop and improve the patient quality of life.develop and improve the patient quality of life.



The Diabetes Nurse SpecialistThe Diabetes Nurse SpecialistWho specialized in diabetesWho specialized in diabetes

education for individual care and support and this provide moreeducation for individual care and support and this provide more

effective ways of educating the patient and bring theeffective ways of educating the patient and bring theimprovement in quality nursing. This nurse is usually the frontlineimprovement in quality nursing. This nurse is usually the frontline

of diabetes centers in the community, hospital, and outpatientof diabetes centers in the community, hospital, and outpatient

setting.setting.

FamilyFamilyTo know were about the disease and its preventive forTo know were about the disease and its preventive for

them to support the member of the family suffering fromthem to support the member of the family suffering from

diabetes mellitus.diabetes mellitus.

PatientPatient

Who will gain better understanding about the nature

Who will gain better understanding about the nature

of diabetes mellitus and the material for this treatment regimenof diabetes mellitus and the material for this treatment regimen

order so to take him comfortable and capable in carrying outorder so to take him comfortable and capable in carrying out

his self care regimen.his self care regimen.



DEFINITION OF TERMSDEFINITION OF TERMS

The key terms here are defined conceptual, operationalThe key terms here are defined conceptual, operational

AdaptationAdaptationThis refer to patient capacity to live with the disease.This refer to patient capacity to live with the disease.

Bar angay CanioganBar angay Caniogan-- A community that has a population of 30,109 whichA community that has a population of 30,109 which

have a Barangay Health Center, Barangay Hall, Schools, Police Station andhave a Barangay Health Center, Barangay Hall, Schools, Police Station and

Church and many Business establishments.Church and many Business establishments.

Behavior Behavior This refers to the purpose or thoughts of the client subsequentThis refers to the purpose or thoughts of the client subsequent

toto

diagnose to have Diabetes Mellitus.diagnose to have Diabetes Mellitus.

ComplianceComplianceThis refers to the ability of the patient to comply withThis refers to the ability of the patient to comply with

therapeutictherapeutic

Regimen.Regimen.



Diabetes MellitusDiabetes Mellitus It refers to a chronic diseaseIt refers to a chronic disease

of pancreatic organ.of pancreatic organ.

Diabetes MellitusDiabetes Mellitus-- It·s a chronic disease markedIt·s a chronic disease marked

by similar deficiency excess inby similar deficiency excess in

the blood and the urine. It is a group of metabolicthe blood and the urine. It is a group of metabolicdisease characterized by thedisease characterized by the

hyperglycemia resulting from the defects in insulinhyperglycemia resulting from the defects in insulin

action in both.action in both.

DietDiet it refers to a selected food to eat forit refers to a selected food to eat for

medical reason.medical reason.



Diabetes Mellitus Type 2Diabetes Mellitus Type 2- - ² ²it is a type of Diabetesit is a type of Diabetes

Mellitus where is there is aMellitus where is there is a

blood sugar disorder due to a relative leads of insulinblood sugar disorder due to a relative leads of insulin

on the lack of insulinon the lack of insulin

effectiveness, also known as in insulin resistance oneffectiveness, also known as in insulin resistance onboth. It is interplay of both. It is interplay of

genetic and environment factor such as ability,genetic and environment factor such as ability,

inactivity, nutritional and aginginactivity, nutritional and aging

factors that causes insulin resistance on the patient.factors that causes insulin resistance on the patient.



ExerciseExercise--It is physical, activity which helps in maintenance aIt is physical, activity which helps in maintenance a

normal blood sugarnormal blood sugar

Health TeachingHealth Teaching--To provide the student / Public health nurseTo provide the student / Public health nurse

with thewith the

opportunity to plan and implement an educative/supportiveopportunity to plan and implement an educative/supportive

system of nursingsystem of nursing

assistance with an individual/family/group.assistance with an individual/family/group.

InsulinInsulin-- It is a hormone secreted by the beta cell of the islet of It is a hormone secreted by the beta cell of the islet of

larger hands if thelarger hands if the

pancreas that is necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates,pancreas that is necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates,

proteins andproteins and

fats a deficiency of insulin result in Diabetes Mellitus.fats a deficiency of insulin result in Diabetes Mellitus.



PancreasPancreas-- It is an organ located in the organ abdomen. Its exocrine functionIt is an organ located in the organ abdomen. Its exocrine function

secretion of pancreatic enzymes into the gastrointestinal tract through thesecretion of pancreatic enzymes into the gastrointestinal tract through the

pancreatic duct and the secretion of insulin glucagons and somatostatinpancreatic duct and the secretion of insulin glucagons and somatostatin

directlydirectly

into the bloodstream presents its endocrine function.into the bloodstream presents its endocrine function.

PatientPatientThis refers to the one who receives a medical treatment.This refers to the one who receives a medical treatment.

PolgyphagiaPolgyphagia It refers to excessive hunger.It refers to excessive hunger.

PolydipsiaPolydipsia It refers to excessive thirsts.It refers to excessive thirsts.

PolyuriaPolyuria It refers to excessive urination especially at night.It refers to excessive urination especially at night.



CHAPTER IIICHAPTER III

METHODS ANDMETHODS AND

RESEARCH DESIGNRESEARCH DESIGN



This chapter presents methods andThis chapter presents methods and

procedure utilized and theprocedure utilized and the

instrument used in data gathering.Itinstrument used in data gathering.Itdescribes how the study wasdescribes how the study was

conducted, the subjects of the study,conducted, the subjects of the study,

and the statistical treatment andand the statistical treatment andanalysis of the data.analysis of the data.



Methods of Research UsedMethods of Research Used

The researchers made use of the descriptive surveyThe researchers made use of the descriptive surveymethodmethod³ ³it is the general procedure employed and studiedit is the general procedure employed and studied

that have for their chief purpose the description of thethat have for their chief purpose the description of the

phenomena.Researchers used this in order to collect orphenomena.Researchers used this in order to collect or

finish the data necessary to provide them the informationfinish the data necessary to provide them the informationneeded. The results of this will be analyzed and interpreted toneeded. The results of this will be analyzed and interpreted to

obtain answers to the problems in the study which wereobtain answers to the problems in the study which were

previously mentioned in the early part of the study.previously mentioned in the early part of the study.

Respondents in the survey were chosen randomly. TheRespondents in the survey were chosen randomly. The

respondents were composed of 30 diabetic patients inrespondents were composed of 30 diabetic patients in

Barangay Caniogan Pasig City.Barangay Caniogan Pasig City.



Locale of The StudyLocale of The Study

This study was conducted at the Caniogan HealthThis study was conducted at the Caniogan Health

Center, located at PagCenter, located at Pagasa Caniogan Pasig City. Theasa Caniogan Pasig City. The

center provides free treatment for patients whichcenter provides free treatment for patients which

includes pediatrics (immunization, well and sick babyincludes pediatrics (immunization, well and sick baby

clinic).Gynecology (Family planning,Reproductiveclinic).Gynecology (Family planning,Reproductive

health). Pulmonary Laboratory and Dentalhealth). Pulmonary Laboratory and Dental

Department.Department.

The center was established with the purpose of The center was established with the purpose of

accommodating the specific health needs of the clients,accommodating the specific health needs of the clients,

the residents of Caniogan Pasig City and any Filipinothe residents of Caniogan Pasig City and any Filipino

citizen seeking help for their health needs.citizen seeking help for their health needs.



Instrument UsedInstrument Used

Types of questionnaire used are identification, multipleTypes of questionnaire used are identification, multiple

choices and classification. Identification was employedchoices and classification. Identification was employed

on the first part of the questionnaireon the first part of the questionnaire ² ² thethe

demographic categories; it includes name, age, totaldemographic categories; it includes name, age, total

monthly income, educational attainment and numbermonthly income, educational attainment and number

of children. On the second and third part, multipleof children. On the second and third part, multiple

choices were used, in which situational items werechoices were used, in which situational items were

presented and the choices of action responses. Therepresented and the choices of action responses. There

were 22 given action responses and they are going towere 22 given action responses and they are going to

choose (5) and classify it aschoose (5) and classify it as AT ALLTIMESAT ALLTIMES (4)(4)

0FTEN0FTEN (3)(3) OCCATIONALLYOCCATIONALLY (2)(2) SELDOM (1)SELDOM (1)

NEVER.NEVER.



RespondentsRespondents

The thirty respondents were chosenThe thirty respondents were chosen

by getting the name of the diabeticby getting the name of the diabetic

patient and using systematic randompatient and using systematic randomsampling within the area of Barangaysampling within the area of Barangay

Caniogan Pasig City. The respondentsCaniogan Pasig City. The respondents

were assured outmost confidentialitywere assured outmost confidentialityof their responses.of their responses.



Data Gathering ProcedureData Gathering Procedure

Prior to conduct of this research, thePrior to conduct of this research, the

researchers write letter and signed by ourresearchers write letter and signed by our

Research Adviser and by the Dean College of Research Adviser and by the Dean College of

Nursing, the researcher requested permissionNursing, the researcher requested permission

to the Barangay Captain, Nurse, and the clientto the Barangay Captain, Nurse, and the client

of Barangay Caniogan Pasig City. Immediatelyof Barangay Caniogan Pasig City. Immediately

after the required authorization was obtained,after the required authorization was obtained,the researcher conducted interview to thethe researcher conducted interview to the

respondents who were purposively selected.respondents who were purposively selected.



The researcher incorporated the nursing process inThe researcher incorporated the nursing process in

data gathering. The introduction phase is thedata gathering. The introduction phase is theassessment. It included the selection of the client whoassessment. It included the selection of the client who

satisfied the specified criteria for selecting thesatisfied the specified criteria for selecting the

respondents. The permissions of the client are alsorespondents. The permissions of the client are also

required with regards to this matter. Establishingrequired with regards to this matter. Establishingrelationship with the client is also an element of thisrelationship with the client is also an element of this

phase.Giving information to the client with regards tophase.Giving information to the client with regards to

the objective in conducting the diabetic education is anthe objective in conducting the diabetic education is an

important function in receiving the support andimportant function in receiving the support andinterest of the patient.interest of the patient.



Respondents were given a threeRespondents were given a threepagepage

questionnaire which includes the repertory of questionnaire which includes the repertory of mechanisms. Through the items presented weremechanisms. Through the items presented were

made easy and simple by the researchers,made easy and simple by the researchers,

respondents were still encouraged to ask respondents were still encouraged to ask whatever questions for classification they havewhatever questions for classification they have

in mind to avoid any misconception on the partin mind to avoid any misconception on the part

of theof the respondents.Researchers disregard therespondents. Researchers disregard the

personal opinion of respondents concerningpersonal opinion of respondents concerningthe situation presented.the situation presented.

S i i lTS i i lT



StatisticalTreatmentStatisticalTreatment

The data gathered from the respondents wereThe data gathered from the respondents were

subjected to the following statistical treatment.subjected to the following statistical treatment.

Specific question number 1.What is the profile of Specific question number 1.What is the profile of

diabetic patients at Barangay Caniogan Pasig City indiabetic patients at Barangay Caniogan Pasig City in

terms of:terms of:

1.11.1 AgeAge

1.21.2 GenderGender

1.31.3 Civil StatusCivil Status1.41.4 Educational AttainmentEducational Attainment

1.51.5 Monthly IncomeMonthly Income

1.61.6 Number of ChildrenNumber of Children



The frequency of the responses for each itemThe frequency of the responses for each item

was determined by the computation of thewas determined by the computation of the

numbers of the respondents who made a check numbers of the respondents who made a check

as a particular item to determine the profile of as a particular item to determine the profile of

the respondents; a simple percentage was usedthe respondents; a simple percentage was used

through this formula:through this formula:



Where: Where:

PP PercentagePercentage

f f ² ² FrequencyFrequencyNN Number of RespondentsNumber of Respondents

The Sum of each DemographicThe Sum of each Demographic

DataData



Specific question number 2. To whatSpecific question number 2. To what

extent does the diabetic patientextent does the diabetic patientcomply to health teaching in relationcomply to health teaching in relation

to:to:

2.1 Diet2.1 Diet

2.2 Exercise2.2 Exercise

2.3 Medication2.3 Medication2.4 Foot Care2.4 Foot Care

2.5 Blood Glucose Monitoring2.5 Blood Glucose Monitoring



The weighted mean was computed inThe weighted mean was computed in

the above question which thethe above question which theweighted frequency for each item wasweighted frequency for each item was

determined by multiplying thedetermined by multiplying the

frequency for each item by weightedfrequency for each item by weightedmean of the said item in themean of the said item in the

instrument using the Liker 5instrument using the Liker 5PointsPoints

Numerical Scale. The rating is asNumerical Scale. The rating is as

follows:follows:



The weighted mean was determined by adding allThe weighted mean was determined by adding all

the frequencies for a particular item in thethe frequencies for a particular item in the

questionnaire.questionnaire.

The weighted mean of the weighted frequencies wasThe weighted mean of the weighted frequencies was

computed through this formula.computed through this formula.

SCALESCALE INTERVALINTERVAL RATINGRATING SCALESCALE

55-- At At allall timestimes 4.214.21--5.005.00 Very EffectiveVery Effective

44-- OftenOften 3.413.41--4.204.20 EffectiveEffective

33-- OccasionallyOccasionally 2.612.61--3.403.40 Fairly EffectiveFairly Effective

22-- SeldomSeldom1.811.81--2.602.60 Poorly EffectivePoorly Effective

11-- NotNot atat allall 1.001.00--1.801.80 Not Effective Not Effective

F lF l



For mula:For mula:

Where is: Where is:

X =Weighted meanX =Weighted mean

= Sum of frequency= Sum of frequency

N = PopulationN = Population



Specific question number 3. Is thereSpecific question number 3. Is there

significant relationship between thesignificant relationship between therespondent·s profiles with compliancerespondent·s profiles with compliance

ratings term of:ratings term of:



3.4 Foot Care3.4 Foot Care3.5 Blood Glucose Monitoring3.5 Blood Glucose Monitoring



For mula:For mula:Pearson RPearson R

Where is: Where is:

X X = Male= Male

= Summation of Male= Summation of Male

NN = Population= Population

yy = Female= Female

= Summation of Female= Summation of Female

= Summation of x and y= Summation of x and y



TT--TestTest

Where:Where:

= mean of 1= mean of 1stst groupgroup

=mean of 2=mean of 2ndnd groupgroup

= Variance of 1= Variance of 1stst groupgroup

=Variance of 2=Variance of 2ndnd groupgroup

=Population of 1=Population of 1stst groupgroup

=Population of 2=Population of 2ndnd groupgroup



CHAPTER IVCHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS,PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS,

AND INTERPRETATION OFAND INTERPRETATION OF

DATADATA



This chapter presents tables that willThis chapter presents tables that will

serves as the source for the analysisserves as the source for the analysis

and interpretation of the data used. It alsoand interpretation of the data used. It also

includes here the tabulated tincludes here the tabulated ttesttest

needed.needed.



N0.1.What is the profile of the respondents inN0.1.What is the profile of the respondents in

terms of:terms of:TABLE 1TABLE 1

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of theFrequency and Percentage Distribution of the

RespondentsRespondentsin Ter ms of Gender in Ter ms of Gender

GENDERGENDER FREQUENCYFREQUENCY PERCENTAGEPERCENTAGE

MaleMale 1212 4040

FemaleFemale 1818 6060

TOTALTOTAL 3030 100%100%

T bl 1 h f dT bl 1 h f d



Table 1 presents the frequency and percentageTable 1 presents the frequency and percentage

distribution of thedistribution of the

respondents in terms of gender. Based on therespondents in terms of gender. Based on the

data gathered among 30data gathered among 30

respondents, 60% of them are female and 40%respondents, 60% of them are female and 40%are male.are male.

Data shows that majority of the respondentsData shows that majority of the respondentsbelongs to the Female whichbelongs to the Female which

is ranging of 18.is ranging of 18.

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Male Respondents in termsFrequency and Percentage Distribution of the Male Respondents in terms



Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Male Respondents in ter msFrequency and Percentage Distribution of the Male Respondents in ter ms

of Ageof Age

TABLE 2TABLE 2

Table 2 presents the frequency and percentage of the respondents inTable 2 presents the frequency and percentage of the respondents in

terms of Age. Based on the data gathered among the 12 male respondents, 20%terms of Age. Based on the data gathered among the 12 male respondents, 20%

of them ages 61of them ages 6170 years old, 10% are ages 4170 years old, 10% are ages 4150 years old.50 years old.

Data shows that majority of the Male respondents belongs to the young oldData shows that majority of the Male respondents belongs to the young old

which is ranging from 61which is ranging from 6170 years old.70 years old.

AGEAGE FREQUENCYFREQUENCY PERCENTAGEPERCENTAGE

2020--3030

3131--40404141--5050 33 1010

5151--6060 11 3.33.3

6161--7070 66 2020

7171-- Above Above 22 6.76.7






Female Respondents in Ter ms of AgeFemale Respondents in Ter ms of Age

Table 2 presents the frequency and percentage of theTable 2 presents the frequency and percentage of the

respondents in terms of Age. Based on data gathered amongrespondents in terms of Age. Based on data gathered among

the 18 female respondents, 20% of them ages 51the 18 female respondents, 20% of them ages 5160 years60 yearsold, 16.7% are ages 71old, 16.7% are ages 71above.above.

Data shows that majority of the Female respondents belongsData shows that majority of the Female respondents belongs

to the middle age adult which is ranging from 51to the middle age adult which is ranging from 5160 years60 years

old.old.

AGEAGE FREQUENCYFREQUENCY PERCENTAGEPERCENTAGE

2020--30303131--4040 11 3.33.3

4141--5050 22 6.76.7

5151--6060 66 2020

6161--7070 44 13.313.3

7171-- Above Above 55 16.716.7TOTALTOTAL 1818 60%60%



TABLE 3TABLE 3

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the RespondentsFrequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents

in Ter ms of Civil Statusin Ter ms of Civil Status

Table 3 presents the frequency and percentage of the respondents inTable 3 presents the frequency and percentage of the respondents in

terms of Civil Status. Based on data gathered among the 30terms of Civil Status. Based on data gathered among the 30respondents, 70% of them are married , 16.7% are widowed.respondents, 70% of them are married , 16.7% are widowed.

Data shows that majority of the respondents are married.Data shows that majority of the respondents are married.

CIVIL STATUSCIVIL STATUS FREQUENCYFREQUENCY PERCENTAGEPERCENTAGE

SingleSingle 44 13.3313.33

MarriedMarried 2121 7070

SeparatedSeparated 00 00

WidowedWidowed 55 16.716.7


TABLE 4TABLE 4




Respondents in Ter ms of Educational Respondents in Ter ms of Educational AttainmentAttainment

It can be seen from Table 4 that majority of theIt can be seen from Table 4 that majority of therespondents were High School graduate by having arespondents were High School graduate by having a

percentage of 35.7%.percentage of 35.7%.

EDUCATIONALEDUCATIONAL

ATTAINMENTATTAINMENT

FREQUENCYFREQUENCY PERCENTAGEPERCENTAGE

College GraduateCollege Graduate 44 13.3313.33

College LevelCollege Level 66 2020

High School GraduateHigh School Graduate 1111 35.735.7High School LevelHigh School Level 44 13.3313.33

Elementary GraduateElementary Graduate 33 1010

Elementary LevelElementary Level 00 00

No EducationNo Education 22 6.76.7




TABLE 6TABLE 6

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of theFrequency and Percentage Distribution of theRespondents in Ter ms of Number of ChildrenRespondents in Ter ms of Number of Children

TableTable shows that majority of the respondent were raising 3shows that majority of the respondent were raising 344

children.children.

No. of No. of

ChildrenChildren

FREQUENCYFREQUENCY PERCENTAGEPERCENTAGE

55-- Above Above 44 13.313.3

33--44 1212 4040

11--22 1111 36.736.7

00 33 1010


TABLE 7TABLE 7



TABLE 7TABLE 7

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Frequency and Percentage Distribution of

the Respondents in Ter ms of Health Teachingthe Respondents in Ter ms of Health Teaching

Provider.Provider.

This data shows that most of the respondent·sThis data shows that most of the respondent·s

health teaching is given by the physician.health teaching is given by the physician.

Health TeachingHealth Teaching

Provider Provider

FrequencyFrequency PercentagePercentage

PhysicianPhysician 3030 100100

Nurse

Nurse 00 00

MidwifeMidwife 00 00

BHW (BarangayBHW (Barangay

Health Worker)Health Worker)

33 1010

StudentStudent 11 3.333.33

OthersOthers 00 00



TABLE 8TABLE 8


Respondents in Ter ms of Aspect of Health Teaching.Respondents in Ter ms of Aspect of Health Teaching.

This data shows that aspect of health teaching given wasThis data shows that aspect of health teaching given wasmore on diet and medication.more on diet and medication.

AspectAspect FrequencyFrequency PercentagePercentage

DietDiet 2828 93.393.3

ExerciseExercise 2525 83.383.3

MedicationMedication 2828 93.393.3

Blood GlucoseBlood Glucose

MonitoringMonitoring

2424 8080

TABLE 9TABLE 9



TABLE 9TABLE 9

Weighted Mean of Male Respondents In ter ms To Compliance Weighted Mean of Male Respondents In ter ms To ComplianceQuestionQuestion Weighted MeanWeighted Mean Rating ScaleRating Scale

A. DietA. Diet

11 2.582.58 FEFE22 2.082.08 PEPE

33 2.162.16 FEFE44 3.163.16 FEFE

55 2.62.6 FEFE

66 1.161.16 NENE77 1.581.58 NENE

TotalTotal 2.182.18 PEPE

B. ExerciseB. Exercise

11 2.252.25 PEPE

22 4.664.66 VEVE33 2.62.6 FEFE

TotalTotal 3.173.17 FEFEC.MedicationC.Medication

11 4.34.3 VEVE22 3.163.16 FEFE33 1.831.83 FEFE

44 4.164.16 EE55 4.084.08 EE

TotalTotal 3.53.5 EE

D. Foot CareD. Foot Care

11 1.831.83 PEPE22 3.43.4 FEFE

33 1.751.75 NENETotalTotal 2.322.32 PEPE

E. Blood Glucose MonitoringE. Blood Glucose Monitoring

11 3.333.33 FEFE22 2.662.66 FEFE33 3.833.83 EE

44 4.254.25 VEVE


Over all ComplianceOver all Compliance 2.12.1 PEPE



Scale Inter valScale Inter val Rating ScaleRating Scale

5 4.215 4.215.005.00 Very EffectiveVery Effective (VE)(VE)

4 3.414 3.414.204.20 EffectiveEffective (E)(E)

3 2.613 2.613.403.40 Fairly EffectiveFairly Effective (FE)(FE)

2 1.812 1.812.602.60 Poorly EffectivePoorly Effective (PE)(PE)1 1.001 1.001.801.80 Not EffectiveNot Effective (NE)(NE)

This data shows that the male respondent·s compliance inThis data shows that the male respondent·s compliance in

health teaching is fairly effective.health teaching is fairly effective.

TABLE 10TABLE 10

W i h d M f F l R d A di T C liW i h d M f F l R d A di T C li



Weighted Mean of Female Respondents According To Compliance Weighted Mean of Female Respondents According To Compliance

QuestionQuestion Weighted MeanWeighted Mean Rating ScaleRating Scale

A. DietA. Diet

11 2.722.72 FEFE22 3.053.05 FEFE33 2.52.5 PEPE

44 4.664.66 VEVE55 4.054.05 EE

66 33 FEFE

77 33 FEFE

TotalTotal 3.283.28 FEFE

B. ExerciseB. Exercise

11 3.223.22 FEFE22 44 EE33 3.833.83 EE


C. MedicationC. Medication11 4.224.22 VEVE

22 3.053.05 FEFE33 2.332.33 FEFE

44 4.774.77 VEVE55 3.773.77 EE


D. Foot CareD. Foot Care

11 2.832.83 FEFE22 3.53.5 EE

33 1.51.5 NENETotalTotal 2.612.61 PEPE

E. Blood Glucose MonitoringE. Blood Glucose Monitoring

11 3.663.66 EE22 4.884.88 VEVE33 3.943.94 EE

44 4.054.05 EE


Summation of Weighted MeanSummation of Weighted Mean3.463.46 EE



Scale Inter valScale Inter val Rating ScaleRating Scale5 4.215 4.215.005.00 Very EffectiveVery Effective (VE)(VE)

4 3.414 3.414.204.20 EffectiveEffective (E)(E)

3 2.613 2.613.403.40 Fairly EffectiveFairly Effective (FE)(FE)

2 1.812 1.812.602.60 Poorly EffectivePoorly Effective (PE)(PE)

1 1.001 1.001.801.80 Not EffectiveNot Effective (NE)(NE)

This data shows that the female respondent·s compliance inThis data shows that the female respondent·s compliance in

health teaching is effective.health teaching is effective.



PEARSON AND TPEARSON AND T--TESTTEST

Diet Male(x) Female (y) x2 y2 xy x-mean(x-

mean)2

x-mean(x-

mean)2

1 2.58 2.72 6.6564 7.3984 7.01760.39142857

1

0.15321

6

-

0.49857143

0.24857

3

2 2.08 3.05 4.3264 9.3025 6.344-

0.10857143

0.01178

8

-

0.16857143

0.02841

6

3 2.16 2.5 4.6656 6.25 5.4-

0.028

5714

3

0.00081

6

-

0.718

5714

3

0.51634

5

4 3.16 4.66 9.985621.715

6

14.725

6

0.97142857

1

0.94367

3

1.44142857

1

2.07771

6

5 2.6 4.05 6.7616.402

510.53

0.41142857

1

0.16927

3

0.83142857

1

0.69127

3

6 1.16 3 1.3456 9 3.48-

1.02857143

1.05795

9

-

0.21857143

0.04777

3

7 1.58 2.55 2.4964 6.5025 4.029-

0.60857143

0.37035

9

-

0.66857143

0.44698

8

Sum 15.32 22.53

25.253

2

59.870

6

51.526

2

2.70708

6

4.05708

6

M

ean

2.18857

1

3.21857142

9

0.246098701 0.238652101



exercise

Male(x) Female(y)

x2 y2 xy x-mean (x-mean)2

x-mean (x-mean)2

1 2.25 3.22 5.0625 10.3684 7.245

-0.92 0.8464 -0.46333

0.21467

8

2 4.66 4 21.7156 16 18.641.49 2.2201

0.31666

7

0.10027

8

3 2.6 3.83 6.76 14.6689 9.958-0.57 0.3249

0.146667

0.021511

Sum 9.51 11.05

33.5381 41.037335.84

3 3.3914

0.33646

7

Mean 3.17

3.68333

3

0.308309091 0.019792157



Medicatio

nMale(x)

Female

(y)x2 y2 xy x-mean

(x-

mean)2x-mean

(x-

mean)2

1 4.3 4.22 18.4917.808

418.146

0.794

0.63043

6 0.592

0.35046

4

2 3.16

3.0

59.98

56 9.

30

259.6

38 -0.346

0.11971

6 -0.578

0.33408

4

3 1.83 2.33 3.3489 5.4289 4.2639-1.676

2.80897

6 -1.298

1.68480

4

4 4.16 4.7717.305

6

22.752

919.8432

0.654

0.42771

6 1.142

1.30416

4

5 4.08 3.7716.646

4

14.212

915.3816

0.574

0.32947

6 0.142

0.02016

4

Sum 17.53 18.14

65.776

5

69.505

6 67.2727 4.31632 3.69368

Mean 3.506 3.628

13.4545

40.392392727 0.217275294



foot care Male(x) Female(y)

x2 y2 xy x-mean (x-mean)2 x-mean (x-

mean)2

1 1.83 2.83 3.3489 8.0089 5.1789

-0.49667 0.246678 0.22 0.0484

2 3.4 3.5 11.56 12.25 11.9

1.073333 1.152044 0.89 0.7921

3 1.75 1.5 3.0625 2.25 2.625

-0.57667 0.332544 -1.11 1.2321

Sum 6.98 7.83

17.9714 22.5089 19.7039

1.731267 2.0726

Mean 2.326667 2.61

0.157387879 0.121917647



BloodMonitoring Male(x) Female(y) x2 y2 xy x-mean (x-mean)2 x-mean (x-mean)2

1 3.33 3.66 11.0889 13.3956 12.1878 -0.1875 0.035156

-0.4725 0.223256

2 2.66 4.88 7.0756 23.8144 12.9808 -0.8575 0.735306

0.7475 0.558756

3 3.83 3.94 14.6689 15.5236 15.0902 0.3125 0.097656

-0.1925 0.037056

4 4.25 4.05 18.0625 16.4025 17.2125 0.7325 0.536556

-0.0825 0.006806

Sum 14.07 16.53

50.8959 69.1361 57.4713 1.404675

0.825875

Mean 3.5175 4.1325 0.127697727 0.048580882



HEALTH TEACHINGPEARSON

RANK

T-TEST

(ComputedValue)

Tabular

ValueImpression

A. Diet 0.97212178 5.6052 2.048 Null Hypothesis Rejected

B. Exercise 0.96275767 3.1359 2.048 Null Hypothesis Rejected

C. Medication 0.93399512 0.5766 2.048 Null Hypothesis Accepted

D. Foot Care 0.97765606 2.0091 2.048 Null Hypothesis Accepted

E. Blood GlucoseMonitoring 0.0967964 5.3246 2.048 Null Hypothesis Rejected

effectiveness health teaching in relation to diabetic

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