EFFECTIVENESS OF CRIME CONTROL MEASURES IN NIGERIA

BY

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Approval page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of Content

Abstract

    This research is set out to thoroughly assess the effectiveness of crime control measures in Nigeria. The major objectives of the study include an assessment of the role of active citizenship in crime prevention in Nigeria. It also aimed at identifying the causes of crime, the impact of crime in socio-economic development of the society, to explain the mechanisms of crime control in Nigeria as well suggest possible ways of addressing criminal activities in Nigeria. The study employed descriptive survey design and data was collected using questionnaire method. Questionnaires were distributed to a total sample of (150) respondent which were selected for the study using simple random sampling technique. The finding shows that, the citizens play active roles in ensuring crime control in Nigerian. Despite this, much still need to be done. It is therefore, recommended that the Government should equipped the formal security agencies to ensure effective prevention of crime.

Moreso, the informal sector of crime prevention and control should collaborate with the formal security agencies to ensure effectives and efficiency in crime prevention and control. In addition, the spirit of patriotism should be instilled through orientation exercise so that every citizen should be on watch out for one another. 

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the study

1.2 Statement of the problem

1.3 Objective of the study

1.4 Research questions

1.5 Research hypothesis

1.6 Significant of the study

1.7 Scope and Limitations of the study

1.8 Definition of terms

References

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction

2.1 Theoretical framework

2.2 Crime perspective

2.3 causes of crime in Nigeria

2.4 Types of Crime in Nigeria

2.5 Crime control measures in Nigeria

2.6 Effects of crime on the society

References

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

3.1 Research design

3.2 Study of area

3.3 Population of the study

3.4 Sample size

3.5 Sampling techniques

3.6 Instruments for data collection

3.7 Methods of data analysis

References

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION & ANALYSIS

4.0 Introduction

4.1 Data Presentation and Analysis of Data.

4.2 Testing of Hypotheses.

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION, SUMMARY OF FINDINGS /

RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Conclusion

5.2 Summary of findings

5.3 Recommendations

5.4 Suggestions for further reading

Bibliography

Appendix

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the study

Crime is an everyday phenomenon found to have eaten deep into the

heart of every society. It is a common word which has uncommon

connotations, depending on what an individual or group thinks or defines it,

(Hartjen,1978;Sellin 1939). They observed that since every society has its

rules or norms designed to control the behavior of its member, the study of

crime according to the behavioral school of thought then is the study of

those activities that violates socially prescribed standards, whether or not it

breaks some criminal law

Paul Tatpan (2008), refers to crime as any intention act or omission,

in violation of criminal law (statutory and case law), committed without

defense or justification and sanctioned by the state, as a felony or simple

offense. It is therefore evident that criminal activities have negative impact

on society, community, and most especially on the victims, on which such

crimes are perpetrated. Activities such as murder rape, arson, burglary,

gambling, robbery embezzlement assault and prostitution are examples of

these crimes committed. It should be noted that individuals have the desire

to feel safe in their homes places of work, community and wherever they

find themselves. To fulfill this urge, criminal activities are reported to

appropriate authorities, established to safeguard the lives and properties of

its citizens. The criminal justice system is therefore, put in place to deliver

crimes reported to them.

Crimes reported cannot be said to have effectively reduced the rate

of criminal activities, making people lose their faith in the Criminal Justice

System (CJS). Individuals or groups concurrently complain about the

injustice they suffer when nefarious criminal acts are overlooked and

treated with such low level of seriousness. It could be concluded therefore

that the major factor adducible to the loose of faith of individual, groups and

corporate bodies, is the perceived inefficiency of the so-called appropriate

bodies to effectively control crime.

1.2 Statement of the problem

Many societies all over the world have had to contend with the

consequences of criminal activities, which include lives and properties fear

of the unknown, political instability, victimization by conventional criminals,

amongst others.(Fayeye, 2010.)

Even though a member of the society reports a crime to a law

enforcement officer, it would not be counted unless it is recorded in a way

that allows it to be incorporated into the crime statistics, as a consequence,

offending particularly minor offending, may be significantly under counted in

situations where law enforcement officers are overloaded with work or do

not perceive the offending as worth recording. Some crimes reported are

not done in a way that the actual event of things is made known. These

crimes lack uniformity, which produce obvious difficulties in actually

investigating and solving the crimes that are reported. Another causal

factor may include the time frame of the crime. A firsthand account is

relatively low. For example by the time a robbery case is being reported,

the robbers will probably have fled the victims in the hospital, answering

police questions if any is around or even in the mortuary.

Certain behavior are labeled deviant which in actual fact may not be,

according to the criminal code of that particular society. Members of the

society (victims and witnesses), are most times ignorant of criminal laws.

When such behaviors are reported, they are more or less unimportant.

Crimes known to police (CKP), already certified as reported may not be

analyzed as desired by victims of such immoral acts. Charges may be

dropped, even when the perpetrator is arrested. Such is the situation when

there is lack of evidence. Another popular incidence is the arrest of

innocent persons in place of those that actually committed the crimes. This

may be as a result of being in the wrong place, at the wrong time.

Pleading guilty to a crime, lower than that which an offender commits

is another major problem. In most cases, it reduces the levity of

punishment and sentence becomes in proportionate to the actual crime

committed. Also among the problems associated with crime control, is the

dependency of skills on both the prosecuting counsel and defense counsel,

with convictions and acquaintances actually depending on the professional

skills of both counsels.

Another problem associated with the procedure of controlling crimes

is the inconsistencies involved in information given out by the so-called

witnesses, when crimes are being investigated. The illiterate nature of most

citizens about the legal and criminal code of its society poses a greater

threat. Some just give information about a crime thinking that by doing so;

they will be popular, given money for coming forth with’ vital information’.

With this, they say or do anything to act as if they were present when the

crime occurred. This scenario drastically slows down the process of crime

control.

1.3 Objective of the study

The purpose of this is to identify the various methods of controlling crime in

Nigeria and also the factors affecting crime in Nigeria and its possible set

backs and how it makes security operatives to determine crimes of its

principal functions or duties of crime prevention and detection ineffective,

taking Nigeria security operatives as a study post. It is also intended to find

out how and to what extend statistical analysis is crime management

performance has assisted the Nigeria security operatives in Nigeria in

bringing the Crime wave of the country to the workable solution or method

of detecting and preventing crime in this country as a whole by the entire

security forces in Nigeria.

Specifically, the following are the objectives of this study:

(1) To ascertain the factors affecting effective crime control and prevention in Nigeria

(2) To ascertain the impact of crime on the society

(3) To ascertain the causes of crime in Nigeria and

(4) To ascertain the roles of citizens in the prevention and control of crime in Nigeria.

1.4 Research Questions

In the course of this study, the following questions will be raised and

answered. They are:

(1) What are the factors affecting effective crime control prevention in

Nigeria?

(2) What are the impacts of crime on the society?

(3) What are the causes of crime in Nigeria?

1.5 Research hypothesis

The following hypotheses have been formulated to guide this study.

H0: There are significant factors affecting effective crime control prevention in Nigeria

H1: There are no significant factors affecting effective crime control prevention in Nigeria

H0: There is significant impact of crime on the society

H1: There is no significant impact of crime on the society

H0: There are significant causes of crime in Nigeria

H1: There are no significant causes of crime in Nigeria

1.6 Significant of the study

Most importantly, this research work will contribute to the knowledge

of crime control activities and how they may be reduced or at most

eradicated.

It shall also act as a basis for further investigation or scrutinization on

crime control measures and the various psychological social effects on its

victims.

Lastly, it is an attempt to bring into limelight; some of the errors

involved in the process of crime control and suggest likely solutions on how

to improve these services.

1.7 Scope and Limitations of the study

This research work is basically concerned with the effectiveness of

crime control measures in Nigeria and the impact of proper investigation of

criminal activities amongst members of the Nigeria society.

For the purpose of accurate and effective research work, the study is

restricted to a selected sample, from the entire metropolis, a representative

of a fair proportion as a whole.

Apart from time-frame and shortage of finance, the major limitation to this

research is the inability of the researcher to cover the whole state of the

federation.

1.8 Definition of terms

The following terms will be defined so as to bring clarity when reading

reading the work.

Crime: Crime can be defined as those activities that break the laws of the

land and are subject to official punishment (Haralambos,2000).

Criminal: A criminal is a person who is involved in illegal activities or has

been proven guilty or responsible for a crime.

Deviance” Deviance may be defined as any social behaviour which

departs from that regarded as normal or socially acceptable within a society

or social context, (Becker, 1963). Another scholar Lemert, (1961) used the

term ‘primary deviance’ rather than deviance to mean the initial act of rule-

breaking.

Criminal Justice System (CJS): The set of institutions developed as the

state response to crime and criminals. (David and Mary Jary,1991). A

variety of organizations that have been created to combat crime and

delinquency. The police, courts and correctional systems together compose

the criminal justice system.

Prosecuting Counsel: The prosecuting counsel refers to the lawyer, who

tries to prove in a court of law that the person charged with a crime is guilty.

(Longman Oxford Dictionary).

Defence Counsel: This is also a lawyer, who tries to prove that someone

is not guilty of a crime, in a court of law i.e innocent.

Victim: A person who has been attacked by a criminal.

Witness: A person who is present at the scene of a crime or criminal

activity and can describe the incident clearly and without bias.

REFERENCES

Becker H.S(1963), Outsiders; Studies in the Sociology of Deviance.

Feyeye Innocent (2010), Criminal Violence in Nigeria, African Peace

Review I

Haralambos .M. and M. Holborn (2000), Sociology: Themes and

Perspective,5th edition, London Harper Collins.

Lemert .E. (1961), Social Pathology, New York: McGraw Hill.

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