Effects and Studies on Survivors of the Oklahoma City BombingEffects and Studies on Survivors of the Oklahoma City Bombing

Effects of the Oklahoma City BombingEffects of the Oklahoma City Bombing

Jennifer Baney

Outline Outline • A) HistoryA) History

– About the Building About the Building – The bombingThe bombing– Timothy McVeighTimothy McVeigh

• B) EffectsB) Effects– Psychiatric effectsPsychiatric effects– PTSDPTSD– About PTSDAbout PTSD– Studies on Adults and ChildrenStudies on Adults and Children

• C) After MathC) After Math– The Effects and Costs of TerrorismThe Effects and Costs of Terrorism– Terrorism in AmericaTerrorism in America– Damages Damages

• D) ConclusionD) Conclusion– Cost of MemorialCost of Memorial– National MemorialNational Memorial– In Remembrance, the Field of Empty ChairsIn Remembrance, the Field of Empty Chairs

The Alfred P. Murrah Federal BuildingThe Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building

9:01 AM

April 19April 19thth, 1995, 1995

9:03 AM

The Face of TerrorThe Face of Terror

Timothy McVeighTimothy McVeigh

Psychiatric EffectsPsychiatric Effects

An exhausted firefighter sits down after a long, emotional morning.

•Post Traumatic symptoms

•Self defeating thoughts

•Dysfunctions –Insomnia, self mutilation, aggression, suicide attempts, substance abuse, and grief.

Post Traumatic Stress Post Traumatic Stress DisorderDisorder

A rescue worker finds comfort in his rescue dog after searching for survivors in the building for ten hours

About PTSDAbout PTSD

A young boy who lost his mother to the bombing hugs her personal memorial chair

•Depression

•Suicidal thoughts

•Panic attacks

•Shame

•Fear

Studies: Adults and ChildrenStudies: Adults and Children

Baylee Amon, an 18th month old who was in the bombing died shortly after this photo was taken

76% of survivors have experienced PTSD

59% of children directly exposed to the bomb experience depressive symptoms and PTSD

13% of adult male primary victims experienced High rates of alcohol disorders

24% of adult women experience substance abuse with drugs and alcohol

96% of victims directly and indirectly have all faced some traumatic disorder from the bombing

The Effects and Costs of The Effects and Costs of TerrorismTerrorism

• $681 million in damages$681 million in damages

• $14.5 million to build the federal $14.5 million to build the federal buildingbuilding

• $29 million to build the memorial $29 million to build the memorial sitesite

• $724.5 million in total cost$724.5 million in total cost

Terrorism in AmericaTerrorism in America

• Tax payers spent $15 million for Tax payers spent $15 million for Timothy McVeigh’s defenseTimothy McVeigh’s defense

ConclusionConclusion

• The $29 Million Dollar The $29 Million Dollar

Oklahoma National Memorial Oklahoma National Memorial

National MemorialNational Memorial

• Two gates reading Two gates reading 9:01 and 9:03; the 9:01 and 9:03; the times before and times before and after the bombing after the bombing

• The reflection poolThe reflection pool

Gone but Never ForgottenGone but Never Forgotten

• The 168 The 168 chairs chairs representinrepresenting the g the victims of victims of April 19, April 19, 19951995

Works CitedWorks Cited• Oklahoma City National Memorial and MuseumOklahoma City National Memorial and Museum. Oklahoma City National Memorial, . Oklahoma City National Memorial,

2011. Web. 28 Sep 2011. <http://www.oklahomacitynationalmemorial.org>.2011. Web. 28 Sep 2011. <http://www.oklahomacitynationalmemorial.org>.

• http://www.oklahomacitybombing.com/oklahoma-city-bombing.htmlhttp://www.oklahomacitybombing.com/oklahoma-city-bombing.html

• Caruso, Kevin. "Oklahoma City Bombing." Caruso, Kevin. "Oklahoma City Bombing." OC bombingOC bombing. Oklahoma City Bombing , n.d. . Oklahoma City Bombing , n.d. Web. 28 Sep 2011. <http://www.oklahomacitybombing.com/oklahoma-city-Web. 28 Sep 2011. <http://www.oklahomacitybombing.com/oklahoma-city-bombing.html>. bombing.html>.

• http://history1900s.about.com/cs/crimedisaster/p/okcitybombing.htmhttp://history1900s.about.com/cs/crimedisaster/p/okcitybombing.htm

• Rosenberg, Jennifer. "about.com 20th century history." Rosenberg, Jennifer. "about.com 20th century history." about.comabout.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 . N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sep 2011. <http://history1900s.about.com/cs/crimedisaster/p/okcitybombing.htm>.Sep 2011. <http://history1900s.about.com/cs/crimedisaster/p/okcitybombing.htm>.

• http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/276/5/382.shorthttp://jama.ama-assn.org/content/276/5/382.short

• Mallonee, Sue. "Physical Injuries and Fatalities Resulting From the Oklahoma City Mallonee, Sue. "Physical Injuries and Fatalities Resulting From the Oklahoma City Bombing." n. page. Web. 28 Sep. 2011. Bombing." n. page. Web. 28 Sep. 2011. <http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/276/5/382.short>. <http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/276/5/382.short>.

• http://www.baptiststandard.com/index.php?option=com_myblog&show=9-11-and-http://www.baptiststandard.com/index.php?option=com_myblog&show=9-11-and-OKC.html&Itemid=114OKC.html&Itemid=114

• Knox, Marv. "9/11 and OKC." september 9th 2011: n. page. Web. 28 Sep. 2011. Knox, Marv. "9/11 and OKC." september 9th 2011: n. page. Web. 28 Sep. 2011. <http://www.baptiststandard.com/index.php?option=com_myblog&show=9-11-and-<http://www.baptiststandard.com/index.php?option=com_myblog&show=9-11-and-OKC.html&Itemid=114>.OKC.html&Itemid=114>.