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Efficacy and Selectivity Studies for a New Aquatic Herbicide - PROCELLACOR™
Mike Netherland1, Mark Heilman2, Ben Willis2, Jens Beets3
1 US Army ERDC – APCRP2 SePRO Corporation3 University of Florida
This information is for educational purposes only. PROCELLACOR is not yet registered or approved for sale or use in the U.S.
UMISC – October 19, 2016
Introduction to New Herbicide
– Latin: ‘The Heart of the Storm’
• New unregistered herbicide chemistry– benzyl 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-
chloro-2-fluoro 3methoxyphenyl)-5-fluoropyridine-2-carboxylate
• EPA Registration expected Spring 2017
– Multiple formulations (pending)
This information is for educational purposes only. PROCELLACOR is not yet registered or approved for sale or use in the U.S.
Introduction to New Herbicide
• R&D efforts since 2010
• New systemic mechanism of action– Arylpicolinate
• Brand new class of auxin-mimic herbicide
• Low-rate and short exposure requirements (CET) for control of hydrilla, invasive watermilfoils– Fit for spot treatments
• Excellent environmental profile– No mammalian tox endpoints
– No ecotox endpoints except target aquatic plant (M. spicatum)
This information is for educational purposes only. PROCELLACOR is not yet registered or approved for sale or use in the U.S.
Toxicology
• No mammalian endpoints– Projected Caution label with no restrictions for drinking, swimming,
domesticated animal consumption, etc.
• Ecotox– No endpoints with TGAI up to 40-60 ppb functional solubility
– No endpoints with formulations up to much higher solubility limits (next slide summary)
– No endpoints for metabolites up to 25,000 ppb
This information is for educational purposes only. PROCELLACOR is not yet registered or approved for sale or use in the U.S.
Toxicology
• Lack of formulated product ecotox endpoints (vs. 40 ppb max rate)
This information is for educational purposes only. PROCELLACOR is not yet registered or approved for sale or use in the U.S.
Species NOEC based on a.i. content (µg/L)Fish >515
Daphnia >21440Mussels (freshwater) >1023
Mysid (saltwater species)
>362
Oyster (saltwater species)
>289
Green Algae >480
Environmental Fate
• A unique profile favorable for its submersed spot/partial use
• Physical chemistry (high Koc) projects to strong uptake/fast activity
• Fast photolytic degradation (1 – 5d DT50…typically ≤ 2d) – 10-30% formation of less active metabolite that assists control in
some use patterns.
– Some minor degradation from microbial, and minor hydrolysis at high pH (9+)
• Degrades quickly in soil/sediment (2 – 15 days)
This information is for educational purposes only. PROCELLACOR is not yet registered or approved for sale or use in the U.S.
• Orders of magnitude lower use rates than current spot treatment methods (PROCELLACOR versus 2,4-D or triclopyr sensitivity - Beets & Netherland in prep)
• Rapid plant response after short exposures with full control in 2 - 3 weeks
• Dramatically lower herbicide loading combined with excellent environmental profile
• Favorable selectivity – Collaborative TX Mesocosm Study
This information is for educational purposes only. PROCELLACOR is not yet registered or approved for sale or use in the U.S.
Non-Native Watermilfoil Control
Lab screening EC50s[mean & 95% CI]
Large Mesocosm Study Overview
• Purpose – Demonstrate potential for
selective control of multiple invasive watermilfoils in presence of representative northern submersed native aquatic plants
• Test System– 6,700 liter outdoor
mesocosm tanks at Lewisville Aquatic Ecosystem Research Facility in Texas
Study Overview
• Tested Aquatic Plants– Myriophyllum spicatum (Eurasian watermilfoil)– M. spicatum X M. sibiricum (Hybrid Eurasian watermilfoil)
• Highly 2,4-D tolerant - Hayden Lake, Idaho
– Vallisneria americana (tapegrass)• ‘southern’ & ‘northern’ biotypes
– Potamogeton illinoensis (Illinois pondweed)– Potamogeton nodosus (American pondweed)– Elodea canadensis (Canadian or common waterweed)– Heteranthera dubia (water stargrass)
• Growth Period – 7 months– Planted September 17, 2015
• 1 gal pots with local topsoil and Osmocote
– Study initiated April 12, 2016
Experimental Design
• CET Scenarios– Untreated Control– 3 ppb: 6 hr, and 24 hr ½ lives via flow-through plus static– 9 ppb: 6, 24 hr ½ lives plus static– 27 ppb: 6, 24 hr ½ lives
• Treated April 12, 2016– Biomass harvests at 1 and 2 months post
• General Water Quality– Early pH = 8 – 8.5– Average water temperature through 1st month = 21.8 C (16.6 – 26.7)
• 71F (62 – 80F)
• Analytical monitoring of water concentrations via LC-MSMS– confirmed anticipated dissipation scenarios
Untreated Invasive Watermilfoil Condition at Time of Treatment
EWM Hybrid
Untreated Invasive Watermilfoil Condition at 4 weeks after treatment
EWM Hybrid
EWM
Hybrid
Milfoils at surface in 4 feet of waterwith strong flowering by hybrid.
Invasive Watermilfoil Condition at 4 weeks after treatment: 9 ppb 6 hr ½ life
EWM (complete control) Hybrid (severe injury with low chance of recovery)
Selective Milfoil Control @ 2 MAT
Selective Milfoil Control @ 2 MAT
Aboveground Biomass @ 1 MAT (Milfoils)
PROCELLACOR TX MESOCOSM RESULTSAboveground Biomass at 1 Month Post Treatmentwith 3, 9, 27 ppb with 6h or 24h flowthrough half-lifeand also 3 or 9 ppb static exposures.
Treatment Scenario
UNT 3-6h 3-24h 3-S 9-6h 9-24h 9-S 27-6h 27-24h
Ab
ove
gro
un
d D
ry B
iom
ass (
g p
er
po
t)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
EWM
HYB
Error = +1 SD (n = 3)
a a
b
cb bc
bc
bc
bc
bc
bc
b
Letters represent statisticallydifferent treatments by milfoil type.
Aboveground Biomass @ 2 MAT (Milfoils)
PROCELLACOR TX MESOCOSM RESULTSAboveground Biomass at 2 Months Post Treatmentwith 3, 9, 27 ppb with 6h or 24h flowthrough half-lifeand also 3 or 9 ppb static exposures.
Treatment Scenario
UNT 3-6h 3-24h 3-S 9-6h 9-24h 9-S 27-6h 27-24h
Abovegro
und D
ry B
iom
ass (
g p
er
pot)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
EWM
HYB
Error = +1 SD (n = 3)a
a
b
bc
b bc
bc
bc
bc
bc
bc
b
Letters represent statisticallydifferent treatments by milfoil type.
Untreated 4 weeks post 9 ppb 6h ½ life
ControlledEWM
ControlledHybrid
Elodea
AmericanPW
IllinoisPW
Stargrass
EWMHybrid
Elodea
AmericanPW
IllinoisPW Stargrass
ValVal
Selective Milfoil Control @ 1 MAT
Elodea @ 9 ppb static (1 MAT) Harvested Elodea @ 3 ppb static (1 MAT)
PROCELLACOR TX MESOCOSM RESULTSAboveground Biomass at 2 Months Post Treatmentwith 3, 9, 27 ppb with 6h or 24h flowthrough half-lifeand also 3 or 9 ppb static exposures.
Treatment Scenario
UNT 3-6h 3-24h 3-S 9-6h 9-24h 9-S 27-6h 27-24h
Ab
ove
gro
un
d D
ry B
iom
ass (
g)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1 MAT
2 MAT
Aboveground Biomass: 1 and 2 MATElodea
No significant treatment effects.Minor suppression noted visually at 9 ppb static.
Error = +1 SD (n = 3)
Underwater photos of native submersed plants at 1 MAT
Vallisneria @ 9 ppb static Illinois Pondweed @ 9 ppb static American Pondweed @ 9 ppb static
PROCELLACOR TX MESOCOSM RESULTSAboveground Biomass at 2 Months Post Treatmentwith 3, 9, 27 ppb with 6h or 24h flowthrough half-lifeand also 3 or 9 ppb static exposures.
Treatment Scenario
UNT 3-6h 3-24h 3-S 9-6h 9-24h 9-S 27-6h 27-24h
Abovegro
un
d D
ry B
iom
ass (
g)
0
10
20
30
40
V_am (S)
V_am (N)
Aboveground Biomass: 2 MATVallisneria and Pondweeds
No significant treatment effects.
Error = +1 SD (n = 3)
Vallisneria (S & N)
PROCELLACOR TX MESOCOSM RESULTSAboveground Biomass at 2 Months Post Treatmentwith 3, 9, 27 ppb with 6h or 24h flowthrough half-lifeand also 3 or 9 ppb static exposures.
Treatment Scenario
UNT 3-6h 3-24h 3-S 9-6h 9-24h 9-S 27-6h 27-24h
Abovegro
un
d D
ry B
iom
ass (
g)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
P_nod
P_ill
American and Illinois Pondweed
Error = +1 SD (n = 3)
CET-dependent visual injury to stargrass
Injured water stargrass @ 9 ppb static1MAT
Healthy water stargrass @ 3 ppb static1 MAT
PROCELLACOR TX MESOCOSM RESULTSAboveground Biomass at 2 Months Post Treatmentwith 3, 9, 27 ppb with 6h or 24h flowthrough half-lifeand also 3 or 9 ppb static exposures.
Treatment Scenario
UNT 3-6h 3-24h 3-S 9-6h 9-24h 9-S 27-6h 27-24h
Ab
ove
gro
un
d D
ry B
iom
ass (
g)
0
10
20
30
4060
70
1 MAT
2 MAT
Aboveground Biomass: 1 and 2 MATStargrass
No statistically significant treatment effects (p = 0.11 and 0.13 by date)but trend of injury at higher rates / exposures
Error = +1 SD (n = 3)
TX Mesocosm Conclusions• EWM was highly sensitive to PROCELLACOR.
– 100% controlled at all CET scenarios.
• The highly 2,4-D tolerant HWM was less susceptible but fully controlled at CET ≥ 9 ppb 6 h ½ life scenario.
• Elodea showed minimal response except minor suppression at 9 ppb static.
• Stargrass showed sensitivity to extended exposure above 9 ppb but was much more tolerant than the two milfoils,– Other mesocosm / pond work…white water lily is similar.
• Vallisneria biotypes and the two pondweeds were tolerant.
• Novel, low-rate, systemic herbicide
• Selective activity on several major US aquatic weeds
• Reduced-risk profile
• Strong activity on invasive watermilfoils, including hybrids with tolerance to older auxin-type herbicides.
• Research continues to refine use patterns
– Activity across many HWM types, add’l ‘less common’ natives
– Final irrigation guidance
• Anticipated registration - Spring 2017
This information is for educational purposes only. PROCELLACOR is not yet registered or approved for sale or use in the U.S.
Acknowledgements
• US Army Corps of Engineers Aquatic Plant Control Research Program– Dr. Mike Netherland, Dr. Kurt
Getsinger, Dr. Chris Mudge, ChettaOwens
• NC State University– Dr. Robert Richardson and Erika Haug
• University of Florida– Jens Beets, Carl Della Torre, Dr. Jay
Ferrell, Dr. Stephen Enloe, Dean Jones
• New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services– Amy Smagula
• Many private management firms conducting field trials
QUESTIONS?
Mark Heilman
(317) 775-3309
Mike Netherland
(352) 392-0335