efficient read

8/10/2019 Efficient Read

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DEPARTEMEN PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA

PROGRAM PASCASARJANAAlamat: Karangmalang Yogyakarta !"#

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4a5: '!()*!'+!0 Ema-l: %%16ny7yogya&8a1antara&n$t&-2

E99--$nt R$a2-ng I:

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>o8 ;$ll D-2 Yo6 R$a2=

Without loo"ing bac" at the reading passage, answer these uestions b! writing the letter of the best

answer in the space, or writing on the blan" line.

. What is this reading passage called?

==============fficient Reading=====================================

both a@ ===recognizing the word================================================

and b@ =========understanding the meaning==========================================

A. $his passage suggests that the most important factor in improving reading efficienc! is>

a@ good ph!sical conditions

b@ speed

B motivation

d@ a wide vocabular!

C. $o sa! a reader must have purpose means>

a@ he must "now wh! he is reading something

b@ he must read carefull!

B he must enjo! reading

he must understand what he is reading

8. $he passage suggests the speed at which !ou read>

a@ should be fi#ed

b@ should be fle#ible

B should be fast

D. 5haracteristics of good readers mentioned in the passage include>

D. $he! "now what the! read, the! are motivate to read not just because the tas"

7. $he! can understand b! their light of "nowledge, so the! can agree or reject an idea

2. $he! can develop their sound of vocabular!

-actors contributing to poor reading habits include>

1. /h!sical environment factor, such us the lighting, the noise and other disturbance, the reading ta"e

places

3. /h!siological factor, such as the! have no abilit! to sit for long time, poor e!esight, soon.

A


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E99--$nt R$a2-ng II:

St62y T$Time begun:

(tud!ing, e#tracting and remembering factual information, ma! present no problem to a few fortunate

people, but for most of us it is a difficult tas". We ma! read, or thin" we are reading, a chapter or a

passage, and later we "now nothing about it at all. Ene effective wa! of dealing with stud! reading is to

use a planned or organized approach.

*dopting an organized approach to reading includes "nowing wh! !ou are reading, that is, having a

definite purpose in reading. %t also means !ou need an overall picture or surve! of the information !ou are

about to read, so !ou can see where !ou)re going. Fou are then read! to read activel!, thin"ing about what

!ou are reading and t!ing it in with !our previous e#perience and "nowledge of the topic.

'et)s assume !our reading assignment in *pplied 'inguistics for $hursda! is 5hapter 7. $here will be

twent! minutes discussion on it at the beginning of the seminar. -or man! students the first reaction is toloo" at the number of pages, and complain when the! discover there are


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>o8 ;$ll D-2 Yo6 R$a2=

*nswer thefirst touestions without loo"ing bac" at the passage.

. $he title of this reading passage is>

a@ *n organized approach to reading

b@ * planned stud! approach

B Iow to read for information

d@ (tud! techniue an organized approach

a@ all reading

b@ stud! reading

B rela#ation reading

d@ onl! applied linguistics

*dopting an organized approach to reading includes

A. =====================================================================

=====================================================================

=====================================================================

and

C. =====================================================================

=====================================================================

=====================================================================

8. $he ( for surve! means>

$he meaning of (urve! in J() is to determine the definition of the terms. What are practical hints, and

how do the! appl! to these terms. (urve! means read chapter b! chapter to find out the main passage

of reading.

D. %f there are no uestions included in the te#t>

a@ ma"e up !our own

b@ leave this step out

B as" !our instructor for guiding uestions

d@ !ou do not need to ta"e notes

7. Wh! does the passage suggest !ou loo" at the last couple of paragraphs before reading?

:efore reading we should loo" at the last couple of paragraph it is to find out an overall picture of it

passage.

2. $he passage suggests that if !ou use (HRRR !ou will ta"e a little longer to read the passage. Wh!

does this not matter?

:ecause (HRRR is not focus into how fast the reader read a passage, (HRRR focus to reading

activel!, thin"ing about what !ou are reading, concentrating, and also remembering.

D


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1. $o!e"ise, as it is mentioned in the passage, means>

a@ to uestion the sense of what !ou are reading

b@ to follow the argument

B to relate the information with !our own ideas

d@ all of the above

3. $he main idea of this reading passage is>

a@ most good readers do well because the! are natural readers

b@ efficient stud! reading depends on an organized approach

B (HRRR should be applied to all reading

d@ (HRRR is useful for e#aminations

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E99--$nt R$a2-ng IIa+

B6$1t-on-ng

# !ead the folloing passage$ and rite in the margin appropriate %uestions to elicit the main ideas&

The first has 'een don for you&

(hat si)e are things in *illiput+ *s the general size of the native 'illiputians is somewhat under si#

inches high, so also all the other animals, as well as plants and trees, are in

e#act proportion for instance, the tallest horses and o#en are between four

and five inches in height, the sheep an inch and a half, more or lessK the

geese about the size of a sparrow, and so in proportion downwards until !ou

come to the smallest, which, to m! sight, were almost invisible. $he

'illiputians could, of course, see these things clearl!, but could not see a

ver! great distance. $o show the sharpness of their sight towards objects that

are near, % have watched a coo" pluc"ing a lar", which was not as large as a

common fl!K and a !oung girl threading an invisible needle with invisible

thread. $heir tallest trees, such as those in the great ro!al par", are aboutseven feet height. % could just reach the top with m! fist clenched. $he other

vegetables are in the same proportion, but this % must leave to the reader)s

imagination.

(ome of the customs of the 'illiputians are most strange. $heir manner

of writing is ver! peculiar, being neither from the left to the right, li"e the

uropeansK nor from the right to the left, li"e the *rabsK nor from up to

down, li"e the 5hineseK nor from down to up, li"e the 5ascagiansK but aslant

from one corner of the paper to the other. $his ma"es their boo"s a rather

peculiar shape, and % find it a strain on the e!es, although the 'illiputians

themselves have no difficult! reading it.

$he! bur! their dead with their heads pointing directl! downwards, for

the! believe that in eleven thousand moons the! are all to rise again, after

the earth, which the! believe to be flat, has turned upside down. $hus the

resurrection will find them standing on their feet. $he better educated

'illiputians confess how absurd this belief is, but the practice still continues,

and the common people believe in it.

$he houses and furniture of the countr! are, of course, much too small

for me. * special house had to be built b! the ro!al carpenters, under m!

direction. :eing rather interested in carpentr!, and also being forced b!necessit!, % made for m!self a table and chair out of the largest trees in the

ro!al par". :ut a bed was out of the uestion, so % sleep on mats on the

ground.

$wo hundred sempstresses were emplo!ed to ma"e me shirts. 'inen for

m! bed and tablewear were made of the strongest and coarsest "ind the!

could getK which however the! were forced to uilt together in several folds,

ARile!, /.0., 123,A Tertiary Pre-Sessional Course: For Participants Planning Post Graduate Study in Australia , *ustralian

4ice+5hancellors) 5ommittee, *.&.%.6./., pp. 2


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for the thic"est was finer than our lawn. $he pieces are usuall! three inches

wide, and three feet long.

$he sempstresses too" m! measure as % la! on the ground on the ground,

one standing at m! nec", and another at m! mid+leg, with a strong cord

e#tended between the two. * third measured the length of the cord with a

ruler one inch in length. $hen the! measured m! thumb and needed no other

measurements, for b! a mathematical computation that twice around thethumb is once around the wrist, and so on to the nec" and waist, the! can

calculate other measures. *s a pattern % displa!ed m! old shirt on the

ground, and the! wor"ed so well that the shirt fitted me e#actl!.

$hree hundred tailors were emplo!ed in the same manner to ma"e m!

suit. $he! had another method of ta"ing m! measure. % "neeled down, and

the! raised a ladder from the ground to m! nec". Ene of them mounted

upon this ladder and let fall a plumb line from m! collar to the floor, which

gave the length of m! coat. 0! waist and arms % measured m!self. When

m! clothes were finished, which was done in m! house, for the largest of

theirs would not have been able to hold them, the! loo"ed li"e a huge patchwor", with the patches all the same colour.

% had three hundred coo"s to prepare m! meals. $he! lived in little huts

near m! house with their families, and each prepared m! two dishes a meal.

% lifted up twent! waiters in m! hand placed them on the table. * hundred

more waited below on the ground, some with dishes of meat, some with

vegetables, some with bowls of grav!, some with barrels of wine and other

liuors slung on their shoulders. $he waiters on the table drew up what %

wanted b! certain cords, as we drew up a buc"et of water from a well.

* dish of their meat was a good mouthful, and a barrel of their liuor wasa reasonable draught. $heir mutton is not as good as ours, but their beef is

e#cellent. % have had a sirloin stea" so large that % have been forced to ma"e

three bites of it, but this is rare. 0! servants were astonished to see me eat

bones and all, but the! were so tender and so small % hardl! noticed them.

$heir geese and tur"e!s, % usuall! eat at a mouthful. $he flavour is far better

than ours, but it ta"es man! to ma"e a meal. Ef the smaller birds and

chic"ens % could ta"e up several at once on m! for".

Ene da! his %mperial 0ajest!, who had heard about m! wa! of living,

as"ed if he, his Hueen and the !oung princes and princesses might have thehappiness as he was pleased to call it@ of dining with me. $he! came

accordingl!, and % placed them in chairs of state on m! table, with their

guards about them. $he! ate well themselves, but were astonished at the

uantities which % ate. % must confess % ate rather more than usual to fill the

court with admiration, and their interest and astonishment pleased me.

, o read the passage again . reading the %uestions you ha"e ritten in the margin first$ to gi"e

directions to your reading$ and then underlining the main points in each paragraph&

/ o discuss your or0 ith other friends&

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fficient Reading %%b

A%%l-at-on

# !ead the folloing passage$ and rite in the margin appropriate %uestions to elicit the main ideas&

The first has 'een don for you&

T


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Ret pig can be diagnosed from about the age of seven, when its s!mptom

is night+blindness, sa!s 6r. 9onson, who is a clinical ps!chologist and an

e#pert on the structure of the e!e in humans and rats. Ie believed that as

soon as a diagnosis is made the lenses shoulbe be worn to reduce the

degeneration of the e!e so that vision can be maintained for the ma#imum

number of !ears.

(hat is the main idea of 1r& 2onson to de"elop it +

6r. 9onson)s idea for the lenses came while he was wor"ing on his /h6.

$his involved the stud! of an hereditar! e!e disease in rats identical to ret

pig in humans. Ie used Ro!al 5ollege of (urgeons) R5(@ rats, imported

from ngland, that have the hereditar! disease, and albino rats, for his

e#periments. &sing special visual testing techniues he developed to

eliminate all e#traneous influences, 6r. 9onson found that the disease in rats

could be slowed down under two conditions either complete dar"ness, or

under conditions of red light.

En a visit to the World 5ongress on lectron 0icroscop! in the &( in172, he consulted the world authorit! on ret pig, /rofessor .'. :erson at

the Iarvard !e Research %nstitute. Ie found :erson)s onl! e#perimental

treatment for the disease was the use of a monocular blac" lens fitted

alternatel! to each e!e for two+wee" periods. :ut this meant that cells in

each e!e regenerated for two wee"s, onl! to suffer degeneration for the

following two wee"s.

/rompted b! his e#perimental wor" on rats, 6r. 9onson conceived the

ideas of binocular red contact lenses which would ma"e patients chronicall!

dar"+adapted and slow down degeneration in both e!es. When red lenses

were made up b! an optometrist he spent man! hours as a guinea-pigwearing them to test their safet! and effectiveness, "nowing the! would

need to be suitable for !oung children to wear. Ie sa!s the! are successful

and safe, and allow him to move around easil! the onl! problem is

e#plaining wh! his e!es loo" so bloodshot.

(hat is other finding +

%n addition, 6r. 9onson has discovered how degeneration identical to the

t!pe which occurs in the aged R5( rat also occurs in the e!e disease

common to man! people over 73 !ears of age macular degeneration. $his

is a deterioration of the part of the e!e which gives the fine discrimination

needed for reading, watching television, sewing and other dail! activities.Ie has found that new vessels grow in the bac" of the rat e!e in a manner

identical to that found in the condition of human macular degeneration. %n

both cases this leads to degeneration of the retina and, eventuall!, blindness.

Iis wor" on the R5( rats now provides an e#perimental model for research

to tr! to discover what triggers off the growth of the new vessels so that

some preventive measures might be developed.

(hat other reseacher opinion +


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6r. /aul :eaumont, an ophthalmologist and research scientist who is an

authorit! on macular degeneration, sa!s 6r. 9onson)s findings are a major

brea"through for future research into blindness in the aged. $he incidence of

macular degeneration is increasing along with the number of aged in the

communit!, and also he added

/ o discuss your or0 ith other friends&

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Time begun:

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efficient read

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