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EFFLUX TIME FORA PIPE WITH

DIFFERENT EXIT

PIPESLapidez, Allison Joy

Pecajas, Chelley Sharleene

Vidal, Gaelian Haryeth

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OBJECTIVES

To determine efflux time needed to drain a tank with a set of exit

pipes with different lengths and diameter

To derive a mathematical correlation between efflux time and the

pipe size and the tank diameter

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THEORY

Efflux

-outward flow, for example, the movement of chemicals or

other fluids from within a structure, such as a cell, to the outside

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TORRICELLIS THEOREM

The speed of liquid coming out through a hole at a depth h below

the free surface is the same as that of a particle fallen freely

through the height h under gravity. The speed of the liquid coming

out is called the speed of efflux.

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THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL

Derived by first considering the mass and mechanical energy

balances

Mass Balance

accumulation = in - out + generation

-Mechanical Energy Balance

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FOR LAMINAR

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FOR TURBULENT

Joye, D.D. and B.C. Barret

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MATERIALS

Efflux time apparatus

Calibrated pail

Stopwatch

Distilled water

Glycerol

Ruler

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SETUP

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PROCEDURE

1. Prepare the needed solutions.

3.5L distilled water

3.5L of 50% glycerol

2. Record the dimensions of the tankand pipes.

3. Prepare the stopwatch.

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PROCEDURE

4. Cover the orifice of the tank, thenslowly pour the water into the tank.

5. Record the time it takes to emptythe tank.

6. Attach pipe 1 to the orifice of the

tank and cover it again using yourhand then fill the tank with water.

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PROCEDURE

7. Allow the water to settle downbefore draining the tank.

8. Record the times at which theliquid level passes height intervals of2 cm.

9. Determine the efflux time. Makethree trials.

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PROCEDURE

10. Repeat steps 6-9 for each pipesize.

11. Repeat steps 4-9 using 50%glycerol solution as the sample.

12. Clean the tank and the pipesusing soap and water.

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Pipe

no. Diameter,cm Length,cm HeightInterval,cmAverageVelocity,cm/s Nre Le1 0.5 75.7 2 0.0532 3.311 0.19866

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0.06()for laminar

4.4()

for turbulent

= 0.0532 cm/s

. . .

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8

ln(1 +

) FOR LAMINAR FLOW

5

ln(1 +

) FOR TURBULENT FLOW:

Tank dimensionsdiameter,cm 16.9radius,cm 8.45

height,cm 20.2

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8(.82

)(75.7 )(8.5 )

(.9987

3) (98

)(.25)

ln(1 +2.2

75.7 )

=21.46 s