egyptian national approaches on the control of radioactive ......crustaceans, algae and noodles....
TRANSCRIPT
Egyptian National Approaches
on The Control of Radioactive Contaminants of
Foodstuffs and Drinking Water
Prof. Dr. Hafez A. El-Fouly
Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA)
Vienna, 8-12 September 2014
Egyptian National Approaches
on The Control of Radioactive Contaminants of
Foodstuffs and Drinking Water
Chernobyl Accident
1986 2011
Fukushima Accident
2014
Stage I
April 1986
When guideline levels were not yet established.
Samples were collected for the imported food either from the
local market or from sea and airports.
Radiochemical analysis was carried-out at the EAEA central
laboratories basically for I131, Cs137 and Cs134 .
Sr90 analysis was only carried-out for samples contaminated
with Cs isotopes.
Where as Cs Radionuclides being the major foodstuff
contaminants, they were used to set the metabolic and
dosimetric models.
Chernobyl Accident
April 26th 1986
Stage 1
April 1986 - Feb. 1987
Egyptian National Approaches
on The Control of Radioactive Contaminants of
Foodstuffs and Drinking Water
Chernobyl Accident
1986 2011
Fukushima Accident
2014
Stage I Stage II
April 1986 May 1987
Egypt's foodstuff imports contribution to the total consumption:
~ 60% of grains.
~ 20% of meat (frozen or live animals).
~ 70% of milk and milk products.
Guideline levels were established for Cs134 + Cs137
370 Bq/Kg for milk and infant food.
600 Bq/Kg for all the other foodstuffs.
Minister of Health Decree § 511 § 1987.
After Chernobyl Accident
On April 26th 1986
Chernobyl Accident
April 26th 1986
Stage 2
Feb. 1987 - 2002
Two central laboratories, were established:
Alexandria - Sea Port.
Port Said - Sea Port.
Analysis for Cs-isotopes only was carried-out for all foodstuff
shipments irrespective of their origin.
~ 75,000 shipments were analyzed per year.
After Chernobyl Accident
On April 26th 1986
Chernobyl Accident
April 26th 1986
Alexandria
Port Said
Stage 2
Feb. 1987 - 2002
Sampling, Sample preparation and Counting
Alexandria - 1996
In Vivo Isotope Kinetics to Develop Safety Criteria
for Contaminated Cattle
Imported Cattle Slaughtering
Breeding
SA
lin
Sc
ale
DP
M/m
l p
las
ma
Time (Days)
Cs137 I131
Time (Days)
SA
lin
Sc
ale
DP
M/m
l p
las
ma
SAt = ∑i Ai e-mi t n
*
SAt = ∑i Ai e-mi t n
*
Activity
at time (t)
SA at Zero time
Rate constant of
each compartment
From Isotope concentration/time dilution curves, the following parameters can be easily calculated:
Isotope pool size (Q) = Injected dose/ Ai
Fractional Turn-over rate (mi) = exponential regression
Biological half-life = 0.693/ (mi)
Turn-overt time (T) = 1/(mi)
The biological half-life for Cs-137 is 7-9 days. .
In Vivo Isotope Kinetics to Develop Safety Criteria
for Contaminated Cattle
Therefore leaving the contaminated animals for 3-5 weeks on
uncontaminated diet is enough for the disposal of most of Cs-137
Egyptian National Approaches
on The Control of Radioactive Contaminants of
Foodstuffs and Drinking Water
Chernobyl Accident
1986 2011
Fukushima Accident
2014
Stage I Stage II Stage III
April 1986 May 1987 Jan. 2002
The guideline levels of codex CAC/GLS (1989) and its amendments
were adopted.
Foodstuffs originated from former Soviet union States are subjected
for inspection.
Baltic Estonia Latvia Lithuania
East Central Belarus Moldova Ukraine
South Caucasus Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia
Central Asia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan
Russia Russia
Stage 3
2002 - 2011
Chernobyl Accident
April 26th 1986
Egyptian National Approaches
on The Control of Radioactive Contaminants of
Foodstuffs and Drinking Water
Chernobyl Accident
1986 2011
Fukushima Accident
2014
Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage I
April 1986 May 1987 Jan. 2002 March 2011
Prime Minister Degree § 458 § on 31.03.2011.
Foodstuff imported from Japan were Banned.
Fish (Tuna & Salmon) Frozen or Fresh.
Crustaceans, Algae and Noodles.
Subjecting all foodstuffs originating from China, Hong Kong,
Taiwan, North & South Korea for examination (Japanese Sea
Countries).
Stage 1
Early stage of the Fukushima Accident
11.03.2011 - 20.10.2011
Fukushima Accident in Japan
Egyptian National Approaches
on The Control of Radioactive Contaminants of
Foodstuffs and Drinking Water
Chernobyl Accident
1986 2011
Fukushima Accident
2014
Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage I Stage II
April 1986 May 1987 Jan. 2002 Oct. 2011 March 2011
Stage 2
Intermediate Stage
20.10.2011 Now.
Fukushima Accident in Japan
Issuance of PM Decree §1348 § (2011).
Ceasing inspection operations for consignments imported from
China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, North and South Korea.
Adopting EU Action Levels and other Preventive Measurements.
The imported products do not contain levels of I131, Cs134 and Cs137
above the maximum levels and originated from the affected 12
prefectures.
Stage 2
Intermediate Stage
20.10.2011 till Now.
Fukushima Accident in Japan
Foodstuff consignments were divided into 4 categories:
Produced before the accidents.
Produced from the affected prefectures.
Produced from the non-affected prefecture.
Fish and Sea - products caught from any place.
The Maximum Levels for Cs134 + Cs137 were decreased from
1000 to 500 and to 100 Bq/Kg.
After Chernobyl Accident
On April 26th 1986
Radionuclides concentrations used for control of
drinking water
NORM Artificial Radionuclides
