eight constructs
DESCRIPTION
Eight Constructs. The 90 Minute Dysgraphia Evaluation Intelligence Measures Constructional Dyspraxia *Working Memory* *Executive Functions* Writing and Spelling Skills Phonological Awareness Skills Retrieval Fluency Skills Family History. Levels of Interpretation: WISC IV. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1
Eight Constructs
The 90 Minute Dysgraphia EvaluationIntelligence Measures
Constructional Dyspraxia*Working Memory*
*Executive Functions*Writing and Spelling Skills
Phonological Awareness SkillsRetrieval Fluency Skills
Family History
2
Levels of Interpretation: WISC IV
The 90 Minute Dysgraphia EvaluationWriting SubskillGeneral lexicon of wordsVerbal flexibilityVerbal syntaxWorking memoryWorking memoryVisual/verbal flexibilityMotor speed output
SubtestVocabularySimilaritiesComprehensionDigit SpanLetter-number seqPicture concepts*Coding
3
Constructional Dyspraxia
The 90 Minute Dysgraphia EvaluationSpacing between words and lettersBunching words to one side of page
Sentences which trail up or downMicrographia vs. Macrographia
Print qualityGrip pressure
Fatigue
4
Working Memory
The 90 Minute Dysgraphia Evaluation• Skills performed in isolation vs. context often
dictate role of executive component in allocating attention.
• Phonological information tends to be stored in a sequential manner.
• Students who misjudge margins, have difficulty previewing how large to write to fit the parameters, and have unusual spacing may have limited visual sketchpad.
• Role of anxiety and emotional factors.• Frequent erasures.
5
Executive Functioning
The 90 Minute Dysgraphia Evaluation(Semantic/Syntactic Dysgraphia)
InitiatingSustainingInhibitingShifting
OrganizingPlanning
Self-Monitoring
6
Writing and Spelling Skills
The 90 Minute Dysgraphia Evaluation• Examine from both a quantitative as
well as qualitative perspective.• Concentrate on pace, fatigue, effort,
and motivation to yield more specific IEP goals.
• Error analysis of spelling and motoric output can be helpful.
7
Phonological Awareness Skills
The 90 Minute Dysgraphia Evaluation(Phonological Dysgraphia)
• Single best predictor of reading and writing skills in kindergarten and 1st grade. (Lyon,1996)
• Deficits often result in dysphonetic spelling.
8
Developmental Progression of Phonological Awareness Skills
The 90 Minute Dysgraphia EvaluationSkill MasteryRecite nursery rhymesDetect rhyming wordsCount phonemes in wordsSound-symbol associationsManipulation of phonemesSpell non-wordsRapid recognition of sound patterns.
Age3456789-12
9
Retrieval Fluency
The 90 Minute Dysgraphia Evaluation• Naming speed and fluency better
predictor of literacy deficits than phonological awareness. (Wolf, 1999)
• Tied in to verbal flexibility.• Role of anxiety and hippocampal
functioning.
10
Family History
The 90 Minute Dysgraphia Evaluation• Limited data in the literature.• Child with learning disabled parent has
eightfold increase in risk of being LD. (Pennington, 1995)
• Colorado twin study revealed 70% concordance rate among identical twins and 48% among fraternal twins.
• Research centered around chromosome 6 and 15.
11
Phonological Dysgraphia
Dysgraphia Interventions• Alphabetic Phonics• Making Words• Writing to Read
12
Surface Dysgraphia
Dysgraphia Interventions• Cover-Write Method• Fernald Method• Visual Spelling
13
Mixed Dysgraphia
Dysgraphia Interventions• Musical Spelling• Language Experience Approach• CAST - Universal Design for Learning• Software Strategies
14
Semantic/Syntactic Dysgraphia
Dysgraphia Interventions• Writing Skills for the Adolescent• Sentence Combining• CAST - Universal Design for Learning• Step Up to Writing - (Sopris West)• Software Strategies
15
Executive Functioning Deficits
Dysgraphia Interventions• COPS• SCAN• SCOPE• C-SPACE• POWER
16
Working Memory Deficits
Dysgraphia Interventions• Graphic Organizers• Story Maps• Writing Wheels
17Occipital LobeInferior Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe
22 31 24 23