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EJTN Criminal Justice Seminar Economic Crimes: Asset Recovery & Confiscation in the EU London, 24 November 2016
Burkhard Mühl Senior Specialist, Europol Criminal Assets Bureau
EUROPOL’S MISSION STATEMENT
MISSION Vision
As the EU law enforcement agency, Europol supports its Member States in preventing and combating all forms of international serious crime and terrorism.
To contribute to a safer Europe by providing the best possible support to law enforcement authorities in the Member States.
KEY CAPABILITIES- INFORMATION SHARING
INFORMATION EXCHANGE
Secure Information Exchange Network Application (SIENA): Communication tool
• Europol National Units (ENU) in Member States & non-EU states • MS/TP Liaison Bureaux at Europol • Only means to exchange personal data
EIS (Europol Information System) :
• Automatic “Hits” and “linking” • Direct access and data entry by member states
Analytical Work Files / Focal Points Data protection and data security
6 EU instruments aim at ensuring a common approach to seizure and confiscation:
Framework Decisions
• 2001/500/JHA on money laundering, asset freezing and confiscation;
• 2003/577/JHA on the mutual recognition of freezing orders;
• 2005/212/JHA on extended confiscation
• 2006/783/JHA on the mutual recognition of confiscation orders
Council Decisions
• 2007/845/JHA on Asset Recovery Offices
Directive
•OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on the freezing and confiscation of proceeds of crime in the European Union – (2014/42/EU)
Asset Recovery - EU legislative framework
Current Initiatives
• Directive 2014/42/EU on freezing and confiscation of the proceeds
of crime – continued discussion on NCBC • Exchange of best practices between the EU Asset Recovery Offices
in the ARO Platform – ARO peer review • Asset management and the reuse of confiscated assets • Freezing and management of virtual currencies
• Enhanced global co-operation to recover criminal assets via
regional CARIN styled Asset Recovery Networks
Europol Criminal Assets Bureau
• Established in 2007
• To increase the efficiency of asset recovery in the EU with a view to fight international serious and organised crime
• To provide support to all mandated crime areas in order to identify and seize/freeze criminal assets
• To assist Member States’ investigators in tracing criminal assets located outside their jurisdictions
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Products and services
• FP Asset Recovery supports competent authorities (AROs et.al.)in tracing and identification of criminal proceeds linked to all mandated crime areas of Europol.
• CARIN Network Secretariat Europol provides a specialist for the CARIN Secretariat.
• Knowledge of variations in systems and approaches in jurisdictions to freeze &
seize assets.
• Support in freezing of bank accounts & virtual currencies.
• Ability to trace assets on a global level.
• Access to appropriate channels SIENA.
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Europol’s Operational Analysis
• Core objective – supporting MS investigations with intelligence analysis
• Who are the key persons and associates?
• What are their criminal activities?
• Why are they doing it in this way?
• Where are the activities located?
• How are those activities carried out?
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FP Asset Recovery
•Data suitable for analysis (financial investigations):
• Persons
• Communications
• Bank accounts
• Id documents
• Locations
• Organisations
•As for any investigation…
•…but with focus on money flows and economic/financial aspects
ARO to ARO Siena asset tracing requests
152
539
2191
3197
3703
46 173
660
928 1012
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Messages exchanged per year
New cases initiated per year
France
Russia
New Zealand
Papua-New Guinea
Australia
Philippines
Japan
Brunei
South Korea
North Korea
Malaysia
Vietnam
Chinese Taipei
Cambodia
LaosMyanmar
Sri Lanka
Madagascar
India
Mongolia
China
Mozambique
South Africa
Malawi
Pakistan
Zimbabwe
Botswana
Kirgistan
Tadschikistan
Somalia
Afghanistan
Tanzania
Namibia
Zambia
Kenya
Djibouti
Qatar
Yemen
Uganda
Ethiopia
Usbekistan
Angola
Turkmenistan
Eritrea
Iran
DRC
Saudi-Arabia
Iraq
Kazakhstan
Azerbaijan
Congo
Argentina
Jordan
Central Africa
Chile
Gabon
Israel
Syria
Lebanon
Georgia
Cameroon
Chad
Egypt
Cyprus
Nigeria
Turkey
Benin
Togo
Ghana
Libya
Greece
Niger
Bulgaria
Ivory Coast
Burkina Faso
Liberia
Ukraine
Romania
Sierra Leone
Belarus
Mali
Guinea
Brazil
Hungaria
Algeria
Lithuania
Italy
Guinea-Bissau
Estonia
Latvia
SenegalGambia
Poland
Mauretania
Finnland
Bolivia
West Sahara
Germany
Marocco
Denmark
Netherlands
Portugal
Peru
Norway
French-Guayana
United Kingdom
Guyana
Ireland
Columbia
Ecuador
Venezuela
Trinidad
Panama
Puerto Rico
Costa Rica
Dominican RepublicHaiti
Nicaragua
Jamaica
Honduras
El Salvador
Iceland
Belize
Cuba
Mexico
USA
Greenland
Canada
NepalBhutan
Bangladesh
Thailand
Uruguay
Guatemala
Kuwait
Oman
United Arab Emirates
Lesotho
Swaziland
Burundi
Rwanda
Croatia Bosnia-Herzegovina
Austria
Luxemburg
Moldawia
Albania
Macedonia
Montenegro
Slovenia
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Armenia
Paraguay
Surinam
Sweden
MaltaTunesia
Monaco
Belgium
Switzerland
Spain
Gibraltar
Guernsey
CARIN
ARIN-AP
ARIN-EA
ARIN-SA
ARIN-WA
RRAG
Tentative member
Sudan
South Sudan
Mauritius
Timor-Leste
Cape Verde
Serbia
Kosovo
Isle of Man
Jersey
Availability of data
25 out of 28 EU MS replied
21 out of 22 AROs
15 out of 22 AROs
Seizures and Freezing Data
Confiscation Data
• 2.2% of estimated proceeds of crime at EU level
Conclusions
• Round 50 % at EU level per year
Seizure/Freezing - € 2.4 billion p.a.
Confiscation € 1.2 billion p.a. • 1.1% of estimated proceeds of crime at EU level
From seizure/freezing to confiscation
Project OCP’s estimates - illicit markets generate about
€109 billion at EU level, (Savona & Riccardi, 2015).
Crime stilly pays in the European Union
Thank you very much for your kind attention!
Burkhard Mühl, MA Project Manager Europol Criminal Assets Bureau [email protected]