ekaterine diasamize qartuli saeklesio galoba qartvelta kulturuli … · 2019. 8. 1. · 4. musikis,...

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti

ekaterine diasamiZe

qarTuli saeklesio galoba

qarTvelTa kulturuli identobis konteqstSi

wardgenilia anTropologiis doqtoris (Ph.D) akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad

d i s e r t a c i a

samecniero xelmZRvaneli: istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori qeTevan xuciSvili samecniero TanaxelmZRvaneli: xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori, profesori ioseb Jordania P

Tbilisi 2017

sarCevi

Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Tavi pirveli kulturuli da musikaluri identobis aspeqtebi . . . .15

Tavi meore

musikis anTropologia da qarTuli tradiciuli mravalxmianoba (kvlevis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi). . . 41

Tavi mesame

qarTuli saeklesio galobisa da qarTvelTa kulturuli identobis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi . .81

daskvna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

D damowmebuli literatura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

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Sesavali

`yvela ers, ganurCevlad kulturisa, unda SeeZlos

sakuTari musika – rwmenis, gamocdilebisa da saqmianobis

erTian konteqstSi moiazros, radgan amgvari kavSirebis

gareSe musika ver iarsebebs“ (alan meriemi)

Tanamedrove msoflios globalizaciis pirobebSi, mcire erebis enisa

Tu kulturuli memkvidreobis warmoCenisa da calkeul SemTxvevebSi –

SenarCunebis sakiTxi dadga. aRniSnul procesSi umniSvnelovanesi adgili,

ama Tu im kulturuli fenomenis mecnierul Seswavlas uWiravs. amgvari

kvleva, tradiciuli kulturis TviTmyofadobis obieqtur warmoCenasa da

msoflio civilizaciaSi misi rolis gansazRvras emsaxureba.

mecnierebaTa rig dargebSi (sociologia, anTropologia,

kulturologia, eTnomusikologia, musikis anTropologia), Zalze

aqtualuri termin `identobis” gamoyeneba gaxda. XIX saukunidan

moyolebuli, siciologTa da anTropologTa mier, kulturul

RirebulebaTa erTiani sistemis mqone eTnografiuli jgufebis siRrmiseul

Seswavlas Caeyara safuZveli. principiT – `vis gavxar da visgan

gansxvavdebi”. samecniero kvlevaSi, msgavsebisa da igiveobis koncefcia wina

planze gamovida da iman, Tu visTan iziareb mSobliur enas, visTan gaqvs

saerTo kulturuli tradiciebi – kvlevisTvis saWiro mniSvneloba SeiZina.

sakvlevi jgufebis gansazRvraSi, eTnikuri mxare gansmazRvrel

maxasiaTeblad iqca. identobis Temam ara Tu SeinarCuna, aramed kidev ufro

meti aqtualoba SeiZina, rasac, vfiqrob, upiratesad zemoaRniSnuli

globalizaciis procesi da geopolitikuri kataklizmebi ganapirobebs.

marTalia, anTropologebi cdiloben termin `identobis” kvaldakval, axali

alternatiuli terminologia SeimuSaon, Tumca, Tu am mimarTulebiT

arsebul Tanamedrove samecniero Sromebs gadavxedavT, vnaxavT, rom

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erovnuli, kulturuli Tu religiuri identoba – es is Temebia, romlebsac

dResdReobiT, msoflios araerTi saerTaSoriso konferenciaze eTmoba

adgili. identobis sakiTxi gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria postsabWoTa

sivrceSi, sadac am mimarTulebiT kvleva SedarebiT axalia. amasTan,

gasakviri ar aris, rom sabWoTa kavSiris saxelwodebis qveS gaerTianebuli

qveynebis mosaxleobas, hqonda da aqvs – mSobliuri enisa Tu sakuTari

TviTmyofadi erovnuli kulturis rogorc SenarCunebis, ise misi adreuli

Sreebis aRdgenisa da maTi kvlavwarmoebis survili.

kvlevis amocanaa, ganxilul iqnas is, Tu ra rols asrulebs

tradiciuli musika, kerZod ki mravalxmiani simRera-galoba, ama Tu im

niSnis qveS gaerTianebul jgufSi Semavali adamianis, rogorc mravali

identobis mqone arsebis cnobierebis, kulturuli mikuTvnebulobis

gansazRvraSi da rogor aisaxeba es yovelive koleqtiuri qvecnobieris

arqetipul maxasiaTeblebze. am kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemas, qarTuli

tradiciuli mravalxmianobis, kerZod ki saeklesio galobis magaliTze

SevecdebiT.

winamdebare Sroma warmoadgens pirvel sakvalifikacio naSroms,

romelic qarTuli tradiciuli saeklesio mravalxmianobisa da qarTvelTa

kulturuli identobis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxs eZRvneba. aRniSnuli

sakiTxisadmi miZRvnili Sromebis simwirem kidev ufro meti motivacia

SegvZina da dagvarwmuna, rom am mimarTulebiT kvleva Tanamedrove

kulturis kvlevaTa Soris erT-erTi prioritetia.

winamdebare naSromi dargTaSoriso kvelvaa, romelic musikis, rogorc

kluturis, an kulturaSi Semavali fenomenis Seswavlas gulisxmobs.

sxvagvarad, mas musikis anTropologiuri kvleva SegviZlia vuwodoT, sadac

musika – anTropologiis dargidan miRebuli samecniero midgomis

gamoyenebiT, kulturis konteqstSi Seiswavleba. zemoaRniSnuli midgomis

safuZvels, cxadia, araerTi samecniero Sroma warmoadgens; erT-erTi

maTgani, uSualod naSromis saTaurSive aRwers im princips, romlis

mixedviTac momijnave dargebis – musikologiis, eTnomusikologiisa da

kulturuli anTropologiis farglebSi, kvlevis mimarTulebam erTgvari

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evolucia ganicada. naSromis saxelwodebaa – A Survey of the Development of the

Theories of Ethnomusicology from 1955 to 2003. From “Sciencing about Music” To “People

Experiencing Music” (Alan D. Gordon, 2004). marTalia, kulturuli anTropologia

kvlevis konkretul samecniero meTods gulisxmobs, Tumca mizezi, Tu

ratom SeiZina anTropologiam saukunis mecnierebis datvirTva

dakavSirebulia anTropologiasTan, rogorc samyaroze farTo

humanitaruli xedvis mqone disciplinasTan (xuciSvili, 2008:101). winamdebare

naSromi interdisciplinuria imdenad, ramdenadac igi musikologiis,

eTnomusikologiisa da kulturuli anTropologiis disciplinebis

gamocdilebas eyrdnoba. zemoT aRniSnuli momijnave dargebis sakiTxTan

mimarTebiT, meti sicxadisaTvis, CvenTvis saintereso da misaReb

ganmartebebs moviyvanT, romelsac bruno netli gvTavazobs. igi ganixilavs

èTnomusikologiis” gansazRvrebis problemas da 120 wlis manZilze,

sxvadasxva dros, sxvadasxva avtorTa mier SemoTavazebuli gansazRvrebebis

Semdeg CamonaTvals iZleva: `musikologia” (1880-iani wlebi), “SedarebiTi

musikologia” (daaxloebiT 1950 wlamde), èTno-musikologia” (daaxloebiT

1950-1956 wlebi); es ukanaskneli maleve èTnomusikologiad” gardaiqmna. b.

netlis TqmiT, defisis mocileba ideologiuri svla iyo, ramac

disciplinis damoukideblobas gausva xazi. avtori aseve miuTiTebs iseT

gansazRvrebebze, rogoric aris `kulturuli musikologia (j. kermani, 1985)

da `socio-musikologia” (s. feldi, 1984). gansazRvrebaTa cvlilebas avtori

inteleqtualuri orientirebisa da maxvilebis cvlilebas ukavSirebs (Nettl,

2005:3). disciplinebTan mimarTebiT, b. netli aRniSnavs, rom isini, vinc

èTnomusikologiis” gansazRvrebis ZiebaSi arian, arCevans, qvemoT mocemuli

CamonaTvalidan erT-erTze akeTeben:

folkloruli musika, romelsac `primitiuls” uwodeben, romelic

Taobidan Taobas gadaecema, adgilobrivia, SesaZloa uZveles musikalur-

kulturul Sres miekuTvnebodes;

aradasavluri da folkloruli musika;

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yvela im tipis musika, romelic mkvlevris kulturis gareT, an

kulturis miRma arsebobs;

yvela im tipis musika, romelic zepir tradiciaSi cocxlobs;

yvela im tipis musika, romelic adgilobrivia, magaliTad `tokios

eTnomusikologia”;

musika, romelic garkveuli mosaxleobis jgufisTvis aris

damaxasiaTebeli, romelic maTi sakuTrebaa, magaliTad amerikis

SeerTebuli Statebis e. w. `Savi musika”;

yvela tipis Tanamedrove musika (g. Ceisi, 1958);

kacobriobis musika.

mkvlevrebis nawili, romelTa interesi aqtivobis garkveul tips

ukavSirdeba, SesaZloa qvemoT CamoTvlilidan erT-erTi airCion:

1. musikaluri sistemebis da kulturebis SedarebiTi (komparatiuli)

kvleva, rac ZiriTadad musikologiur aqtivobad aris miCneuli;

2. erTi konkretuli sazogadoebis musikisa da musikaluri kulturis

fundamenturi – arsebiTad anTropologiuri analizi;

3. musikis, rogorc sistemebis, an niSanTa sistemebis Seswavla – aqtivoba,

romelic lingvistikasa da semiotikas ukavSirdeba;

4. musikis, rogorc kulturis, an kulturaSi Semavali fenomenis

Seswavla, musika – Seswavlili mis kulturul konteqstSi,

anTropologiis dargis safuZvelze miRebuli teqnikis gamoyenebiT, rac

xSirad `musikis anTropologiad” iwodeba;

5. dasavleTis klasikuri musikis miRma arsebuli musikis Seswavla, rac

istorikosTa midgomebis gamoyenebiT, folkloristebis kvlevis areals

warmoadgens (Nettl, 2005:4-5).

da bolos avtori miuTiTebs imaze, rom eTnomusikologiis, rogorc

disciplinis identoba, xSiri ganxilvis sagania.Aazrebi Semdegnairad iyofa.

eTnomusikologia es aris:

1. srulyofili disciplina;

2. musikologiis ganStoeba;

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3. anTropologiis ganStoeba;

4. interdisciplinuri swavlebis sfero;

5. yovlismomcveli disciplina, romelic `musikologia” unda yofiliyo,

magram ver gaxda (Nettl, 2005:4-5).

zemoT CamoTvlilTagan Cven veyrdnobiT im kvleviT meTods, romelic

musikis, rogorc kulturis, an kulturaSi Semavali fenomenis Seswavlas

gulisxmobs. musika – Seswavlili mis kulturul konteqstSi, rasac

Tanamedrove mecnierebaSi xSirad musikis anTropologiis dargs

miakuTvneben.

Sesavlis pirvel gverdze xsenebulma globalizaciis procesma didi

roli Seasrula im niadagis momzadebaSi, romlis safuZvelzec qarTuli

kultura, maT Soris ki qarTuli tradiciuli musika, qveynis sazRvrebs

gascda. sagulisxmoa, rom qarTvel mkvlevrebTan erTad, qarTuli

mravalxmiani musikiT mravali ucxoeli mkvlevari dainteresebula da

dResac interesdeba; maT mier, aRniSnuli musikis mecnierul Seswavlas am

droisaTvis ukve didi istoria aqvs. specialistebis garda, qarTuli

xalxuri Tu saeklesio hangebiT ucxoeli momRerlebi, anda iseTi

adamianebi interesdebian, romlebsac eTnomusikologiasTan, an zogadad,

musikasTan manamde Sexeba ar hqoniaT. saqarTvelos farglebs gareT myofi

mkvlevrebisa da Semsruleblebis esoden did yuradRebas, vfiqrob,

TviTmyofad musikalur azrovnebasTan da ucxo hangis struqturaSi

garkvevasTan erTad, saqarTveloSi arsebuli, mZlavri, cocxali zepiri

tradiciis mimarT interesic ganapirobebs.

cnobilia, rom mkvlevarTa ori ZiriTadi kategoriis mixedviT, erTni

im kulturis matarebelni arian (Insider), romelsac swavloben; Sesabamisad

maTi mxridan maTive kulturis kvleva xdeba `Signidan”. meoreni, Sesaswavli

kulturis matareblebad ar gvevlinebian (Outsider), isini `garedan” cdiloben

kulturis Seswavlas da im maxasiaTeblebis Secnobas, romelic maTTvis

ucxoa, radgan isini Tavad sxva kulturaSi aRizardnen 1960-iani wlebidan

moyolebuli, sakiTxma – vin `ukeT” swavlobs msoflio xalxTa musikas

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(kulturuli `insaideri” Tu `auTsaideri”), gansakuTrebuli aqtualoba

SeiZina. qarTul saeklesio galobasTan mimarTebiT mkvlevarTa oTx ZiriTad

kategorias ganvsazRvrav:

1. ucxoeli mkvlevari, romelmac adgilobrivi ena ar icis, ar aris

marTlmadidebeli qristiani, ar galobs (arc saeklesio da arc saero

garemoSi), Tumca sagaloblebis musikalur struqturasa da

saSemsruleblo praqtikaSi arsebul tendenciebs siRrmiseulad

Seiswavlis;

2. ucxoeli mkvlevari, romelic adgilobriv enas eufleba,

marTlmadideblur aRmsareblobas Rebulobs da taZarSi galobs, radgan:

a) moswons es kultura da surs, rom is gaiTavisos (emociuri

midgoma);

b) miaCnia, rom Sesaswavl masalasTan amgvari siaxlove mis kvlevas

met damajerebelobas Sematebs (racionaluri midgoma);

g) zemoT aRniSnuli orive faqtoris erTdrouli gaTvaliswinebiT;

3. mkvlevari, romelic adgilobrivi mkvidria, adgilobrivi ena misTvis

mSobliuri enaa, Tumca miuxedavad imisa, rom marTlmadidebel

qristianad aris monaTluli, wirvaze daswrebis Cveva Tu survili ar

aqvs da mas mxolod kvlevis miznebidan gamomdinare eswreba;

4. mkvlevari, romelic adgilobrivi mkvidria, adgilobrivi ena misTvis

mSobliuri enaa, Tavad aris marTlmadidebeli qristiani da aseve

mgalobeli (yvela am parametris gaTvaliswinebiT igi, rogorc

kulturasTan yvelaze daaxloebuli piri, mas Signidan ikvlevs).

zemoT CamoTvlil klasifikaciaSi varireba da oTxi ZiriTadi

kategoriis qvekategoriebad dayofaa SesaZlebeli, Tumca vfiqrob es Sors

wagviyvanda. oTxi ZiriTadi kategoriisgan Semdgar zemoaRniSnul

klasifikaciaSi mniSvnelovania distanciis sakiTxi, kerZod ki is, Tu

rogori manZilia mkvlevarsa da sakvlev obieqts Soris. pirvel da meoTxe

kategoriasTan dakavSirebiT met-naklebi sicxadea. pirveli aRiqmeba,

rogorc sakvlevi obieqtisgan yvelaze metad dacilebuli, xolo meoTxe ki

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– yvelaze daaxloebuli mkvlevari. meore da mesame kategoriasTan

mimarTebiT Cndeba kiTxva: romeli maTgania sakvlev obieqtTan ufro axlos,

is vinc axali kultura siRrmiseulad gaiTavisa Tu is, vinc am kulturis

wiaRSi daibada. aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, piradi gamocdilebis

magaliTze, saintereso epizodebs aRwers eTnomusikologi bruno netli. am

epizodTagan erT-erTi maTgani, mis mier sparsuli musikis Seswavlis

periods ukavSirdeba, rodesac samxreT TeiranSi, gakveTilis dasasrulisas,

pedagogma mas Semdegi sityvebiT mimarTa: `am musikas Sen verasdros gaigeb –

arsebobs raRac, rasac quCaSi gamvleli nebismieri sparsi rom gaaCero,

instiqtis doneze gaigebs, Sen ki rogorc ar unda ecado, verasdros

Cawvdebi mas”. bruno netli gaocda, magram mixvda ra, Tu rogor `wvdomas”

gulisxmobda misi pedagogi da upasuxa: `me arc maqvs imis molodini, rom

sparsul musikas Cavwvde ise, rogorc adgilobrivi mkvidri, me mxolod imis

amoxsnas vcdilob, Tu ra principebs emyareba es musika”; razec pedagogma

uTxra: `magis swavlas albaT SeZleb, magram eg arc Tu ise mniSvnelovania”

(Nettl, 1983, 2005:149). erTi SexedviT, mkvlevari, romlisTvisac kvlevis sagani,

misive mSobliuri kulturis nawilia, xolo sakvlevis masalisa Tu

informantebis (eTnoforebis) ena – mkvlevris mSobliuri ena, mowinave

poziciaSia im mecnierTan, romlisTvisac sakvlevi masala da misi

kulturuli konteqsti ucxoa, magram praqtikidan gamomdinare Cven vxedavT,

rom orive maTgans, Tanabari Rirebulebis mqone kvlevis Catareba SeuZlia.

aqve unda gaviTvaliswinoT isic, rom ucxo musikalur kulturaze

dakvirvebisas, enobrivi Tu sxva kulturuli barierebis pirobebSi,

mkvlevars ganksauTrebuli sifrTxile marTebs, raTa mecnierebas, misi

kvlevis Sedegad mcdari informaciis matarebeli, saerTaSoriso

mniSvnelobis mqone Sroma ar SemorCes.

zemoaRniSnuli oTxi ZiriTadi kategoriidan mimaCnia, rom meore aris

monawile-damkvirvebeli (Participant observation), mesame ki damkvirvebeli. amaTgan

sagnis SeswavlaSi garkveuli wvlilis Setana oTxive kategoriis mkvlevars

SeuZlia, rac pirvel rigSi SedarebiTi kvlevis meTods ukavSirdeba; Tumca

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kulturis miRma myofi im mkvlevris muSaoba, romelic damkvirvebelTan

erTad monawilec1 xdeba, sakvlev obieqtTan ufro met siaxloves amJRavnebs.

da bolos. umniSvnelovanesia, rom kulturis SigniT myofi mkvlevari,

analitikur distancias flobdes; mas unda hqondes unari sakuTar

kulturas odnav mocildes da mas obieqturad daakvirdes.

Cemi sakvalifikacio naSromis meTodologiur bazas Seadgens:

• eTnomusikologiur naSromebSi gamoyenebuli SedarebiTi da kulturul-

anTropologiuri meTodologia; • interdisciplinuri kvlevis meTodi;

• raodenobrivi da Tvisobrivi kvlevis meTodebi (monawileoba-dakvirveba,

gamokiTxva, statistika); • istoriuli analizis meTodi; • samusikismcodneo medievistikis samecniero gamocdileba;

• Cem mier winamdebare kvlevis farglebSi Sedgenili kiTxvari, romelic

erTi konkretuli tipis fokus-jgufisTvisaa gankuTvnili; naSromSi viyeneb

interviuebs im adamianebTan, romlebic Cemi kvlevis sferoSi praqtikul

saqmianobas ewevian.

naSromis mecnieruli siaxle – qarTuli saeklesio mravalxmiani

galoba amgvari dargTaSoriso kvlevis sagani aqamde ar gamxdara;

kulturuli anTropologiis, musikologiisa da eTnomusikologiis

mimarTulebaTa safuZvelze, tradiciuli mravalxmianoba, saeklesio galoba

da kulturuli TviTmyofadoba erTian konteqstSi ganixileba. naSromis

erT-erT umniSvnelovanes nawils, Tanamedrove mgalobelTa gamokiTxva

warmoadgens, romlis safuZvelze, Cven konkretuli daskvnebis gakeTebis

SesaZlebloba mogveca. daskvnebi, Tanamedrove qarTul yofaSi tradiciuli

saeklesio mravalxmianobis rolsa da mis mniSvnelobas moiazrebs.

gamovlenilia is ZiriTadi xedva, romelic dRevandel dRes galobis

irgvliv arsebul problematikas ukavSirdeba.

1 monawile – ara mxolod, rogorc mecnieri, romelic ama Tu im kulturiTaa garemoculi, sxvadasxva qmedebaSi – mxolod kvlevis miznebidan gamomdinare monawileobs, aramed monawile, rogorc individi, romlis gemovnebisTvisac ama Tu im kulturis esTetika srulebiT misaRebia.

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naSromis praqtikuli Rirebuleba – qarTuli tradiciuli

mravalxmianobisa da qarTuli saeklesio galobis sakiTxebis samecniero

kvlevebSi gamoyenebaa. vfiqrobT, naSromi daexmareba rogorc uSualod

qarTuli tradiciuli musikiTa da musikismcodneobis sakiTxebiT

dainteresebulT, ise kulturis kvlevebisa da kulturuli anTropologiis

sferoSi momuSave mkvlevrebs, aseve maT, vinc musikaluri identobis

sakiTxebiT arian dainteresebulni. winamdebare naSromi daxmarebas gauwevs,

ara mxolod sakiTxiT dainteresebul mkvlevrebs, aramed praqtikos

regentebsa Tu mgaloblebs. naSromSi pirvelad aris Tavmoyrili is

ucxouri samecniero midgomebi, romlebic tradiciuli musikis SeswavliT

dainteresebul studentebsa da mkvlevrebs daxmarebas gauwevs.

kvlevis ZiriTadi sagania qarTuli saeklesio galoba, rogorc

vokaluri mravalxmiani azrovnebisa da koleqtiuri locvis forma.

Tanamedrove sociumSi, zemoaRniSnuli azrovnebis gamovlenaze dakvirveba

Cemi kvlevis ZiriTad amocanas warmoadgens.

sakvalifikacio naSromis I Tavi - kulturuli da musikaluri

identobis aspeqtebi, identobas, rogorc sxvadasxva mimarTulebis

Tanamedrove kvlevebis, maT Soris ki kulturuli anTropologiis dargis

erT-erT sakvanZo sakiTxad ganixilavs. Cemi azriT, globalizaciis

procesis fonze, sxvadasxva eris kulturulma identobam meti simZafriT

iCina Tavi da aRniSnuli procesis Seswavlis saWiroebac dadga.

urTierTgaxsnil kulturul sivrceSi, sadac kulturaTa gacvla

yovelwuTier xasiaTs atarebs, kulturasTan erTad, kulturuli identobis

cnebac zogjer erovnul CarCos scdeba da mravalkulturul garemoSi

hibriduli formiT yalibdeba.

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT arsebul wyaroebze dayrdnobiT, kulturuli

identobis amgvar ganmartebas vemxrobi: kulturuli identoba vlindeba,

rogorc koleqtiur, ise individualur doneze. igi warmoadgens: istoriaze,

genetikur kavSirze, erovnebaze, sacxovrebel adgilze, sametyvelo enaze,

saerTo Rirebulebebze dafuZnebuli parametrebis nakrebs, romelTanac

individi sakuTari Tavis kulturul identifikacias axdens. kulturuli

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identoba erTi mxriv sakuTari Tavis Secnobas, xolo meore mxriv ki

sakuTari Tavis sxvebTan kavSirSi Secnobas gulisxmobs.

pirvel TavSi, erTi da imave kulturis farglebSi, kulturuli

insaiderisa da auTsaideris funqcionirebis sakiTxia dasmuli. sainteresoa,

identobis ra formasTan gvaqvs saqme, maSin rodesac kulturuli

auTsaideri ucxo qveynis tradiciul musikas eziareba; xdeba Tu ara es

ucxo kultura misi kulturuli identobis Semadgeneli nawili? aseT

fenomens SeZenil identobas vuwodeb, romlis pirobebSi ara genetikur,

aramed ucxo kulturis konteqstSi Camoyalibebul kulturul (musikalur)

identobasTan gvaqvs saqme.

pirveli Tavis dasasruls, yuradRebas kulturuli identobis

krizisze vamaxvileb; magaliTis saxiT, Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi

saeklesio galobis mimarTulebiT arsebul erT-erT yvelaze did

problemas – qarTul taZrebSi RvTismsaxurebis araqarTuli hangis

TanxlebiT aRvlenas, bizantiuri galobis Semswavleli jgufis magaliTze

ganvixilav.

naSromis II Tavi – musikis anTropologia da qarTuli tradiciuli

mravalxmianoba (kvlevis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi), eTmoba musikis

anTropologias, rogorc axal mimarTulebas da igi ganxilulia

dargTaSoriso konteqstSi, im ZiriTadi samecniero Sromebis safuZvelze,

romlebic musikis anTropologiisa da mis momijnave dargebSi Sesrulda.

meore TavSi ganxilulia sakiTxis Seswavlis istoria, rogorc

sazRvargareTuli, ise qarTuli samecniero literaturis farglebSi;

aRwerilia anTropologebis, eTnomusikologebis, musikologebis,

istorikosebisa da eTnologebis is xedva da midgomebi, romelTa gareSe

musikis anTropologia, rogogrc dargi ver iarsebebs. aRniSnuli Tavis

praqtikuli Rirebuleba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom masSi pirvelad aris

Tavmoyrili da damuSavebuli is umniSvnelovanesi dasavluri samecniero

literatura, romlis gareSec tradiciuli musikis Seswavla

warmoudgeneli iqneboda; Sesabamisad, naSromi am sakiTxiT dainteresebuli

qarTveli studentebisa Tu mkvlevrebisaTvis gamosadegia. meore TavSi

11

vexebi qarTul tradiciuli mravalxmianobis – rogorc musikis istoriul

da Teoriul, aseve eTnomusikologiur da anTropologiur mxareebs.

aRvniSnav ra tradiciuli mravalxmiani musikis socialuri sawyisis Sesaxeb,

qarTul tradiciul mravalxmianobasTan mimarTebiT Semdeg mosazrebas

gamovTqvam: qarTuli tradiciuli mravalxmianoba warmoadgens socialur-

funqciuri mravalxmianobis iseT formas, romelic ramdenime Semsruleblis

mier SemoqmedebiTi individualobis urTierTgaziarebis Sedegia. am

procesSi adamianTa Soris siaxlovis, urTierTdamokidebulebis garkveuli

xasiaTi da principi – gansxvavebulobiT miRweuli erTianoba vlindeba.

winamdebare sakvalifikacio naSromis meore Tavi moicavs, erTi mxriv,

koleqtiuri musikaluri azrovnebis Sedegad miRebuli vokaluri

mravalxmianobis Camoyalibebis istoriul-Teoriul wanamZRvrebs, meore

mxriv ki uSualod qarTuli saeklesio galobis warmoSobis savarudo

periodsa da masTan dakavSirebul ramdenime musikologiur-medievistur

Sromas exeba.

aRniSnul TavSi, tradiciuli musikaluri struqturis analiziTan da

terminologiasTan dakavSirebul Cemeul xedvasac vexebi da ganvamrtav, Tu

ratom aris Cem mier amave TavSi SemoTavazebuli saxeldebebi ufro upriani

im musikalur masalasTan mimarTebiT, romelic eTnomusikologiuri, anda

anTropologiuri kvlevis obieqts SeiZleba warmoadgendes.

tradiciuli musikaluri kulturisa da mravalxmiani galobis

Camoyalibebis konteqstSi, meore TavSi, winareqristianuli da qristianuli

kulturebis urTierTmimarTebis problemac ganixileba. qarTlis

gaqristianebasTan dakavSirebiT viziareb mosazrebas, rom garda politikur-

diplomatiuri mizezebisa, qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis

mizezi, sazogadoebis mxridan sulieri da kulturuli ganviTarebis axal

etapze gadasvlis mzaobaSia.

naSromis III Tavi – qarTuli saeklesio galobisa da qarTvelTa

kulturuli identobis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi, uSualod galobis

irgvliv arsebul problematikas exeba. mesame TavSi warmodgenilia mcire

istoriuli eqskursi, romelic qarTuli saeklesio galobis sferoSi,

12

upiratesad XIX saukunis mdgomareobas asaxavs. aRniSnuli istoriuli

mimoxilva imdroindeli sasuliero pirebis, sazogado moRvaweebisa Tu

mwerlebis saxelebs moicavs, rac SemTxveviTi ar aris, radgan rogorc

wyaroebidan Cans, maT yvelas erovnuli TviTSegnebis mZafri gancda da

qarTuli saeklesio galobisadmi gaweuli amagi aerTianebT. rodesac

vsaubrobT galobaze, rogorc kulturuli da musikaluri identobis

nawilze, SeuZlebelia gverdi avuaroT im adamianebs, romlebic, miuxedavad

imisa, rom sxvadasxva sferos warmomadgenlebi arian da xSir SemTxvevaSi

saeklesio galobasTan uSualo kavSirSi ar imyofebian, isini

sakvalifikacio naSromSi dasmuli sakiTxis ganxilvisas, yvelaze

TvalsaCino magaliTad gvevlinebian, radgan swored kulturuli identobis

konteqstSi, qarTuli saeklesio galobis aRdgenis saqmeSi maT udidesi

wvlili Seitanes.

mesame Tavis mniSvnelovan nawils Cem mier Catarebuli gamokiTxva da

misi Sedegebi warmoadgens. Cvens dargSi momuSave araerTi mecnieris

kvaldakval, naSromis am nawilSi informantebis interviudan amonaridebia

moyvanili, rac erTi mxriv masalis aRqmas mniSvnelovnad amartivebs, meore

mxriv ki ufro met damajereblobas sZens mas. amave mizeziT, pasuxebis

nawili mcire rukebSia asaxuli, romelTa sruli versia naSromis danarTSi

ganvaTavseT. Cem mier Sedgenili kiTxvari, galobasTan dakavSirebuli

sakiTxebis vrcel da vfiqrob – amomwurav speqtrs moicavda, romelTa

Soris, sxva mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis gverdiT ganvixileT: samgaloblo

repertuaris, galobis saSemsruleblo stilis, galobis musikaluri,

religiuri da socialuri aspeqtebi.

mokled aRvwerT im sakiTxebs, romlebic uSualod informatTa mier

mwvaved daisva. esenia ganaTlebis sakiTxi, maT Soris:

1. uSualod mgalobelTa profesiuli ganaTleba, rac galobis

xarisxs aamaRlebda,

2. galobis mimarTulebiT sasuliero pirebis ukeT ganaTleba, rac

mgaloblebisTvis saWiro platformas Seqmnida,

13

3. saqarTvelos saSualo saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebsa da

musikalur skolebSi galobis gakveTilebis SemoReba, (rac erTi mxriv am

sferos mcodneTa ricxvs gazrdida, meore mxriv ki galobis mimarT

sazogadoebis mxridan dainteresebasa da damokidebulebas axal – ufro

maRal safexurze aiyvanda).

galobis saqmis materialuri uzrunvelyofa; galobis Sesrulebis

xarisxisa da mgalobelTa gundebis raodenobis TvalsazrisiT regionebSi

arsebul arc Tu ise saxarbielo mdgomareoba; zogierT taZarSi

arakanonikuri galobis Sesaruleba. zemoT CamoTvlili sakiTxebis vrceli

mimoxilvis Sedegad, dgeba kulturis politikis, rogorc aRniSnul

problemaTa mogvarebis erT-erTi yvelaze ufro eqfeqturi saSualebis

sakiTxi.

daskvniT TavSi Sevecade warmomeCina is, Tu rogor

urTierTdamokidebulebaSia qarTuli galoba da kulturuli identoba

Tanamedrove – dRevandel saqarTveloSi; gamomerkvia is mizezebi, romelTa

gamo sxvadasxva asakisa da profesiis adamianebma saerTo saqmes – saeklesio

galobas mihyves xeli.

Cemi samomavlo kvlevis interesis sagania qarTuli tradiciuli

mravalxmiani musikis mniSvnelobaze dakvirveba: 1. qarTul sekularul

sazogadoebaSi, 2. aramarTlmadidebeli, gansxvavebuli konfesiis mqone

qarTvelebSi, 3. emigraciaSi myof qarTvelebSi. empiriuli gamocdilebis

safuZvelze vvaraudob, rom qarTul mravalxmian sagalobels, zemoT

CamoTvlil sam kategoriaSi Semavali adamianebisTvisac garkveuli

mniSvneloba eniWeba, xolo Tu ramdenad didia qarTuli tradiciuli

musikis mniSvneloba da rogori formiT gamoixateba igi, amas kvlevis

momdevno etapebi gviCvenebs. calke Seswavlis sagnad, saqarTvelos

monastrebSi, galobis kuTxiT arsebuli mdgomareoba mimaCnia. am

mimarTulebiT Casatarebeli samomavlo kvleva swored monasterebiT unda

diwyos, rac problemaTa identificirebis kidev ufro Rrma da safuZvlian

SesaZleblobas mogvcemda.

14

rogorc winamdebare naSromis farglebSi, ise momaval kvlevaSi, Cemi

mizania qarTuli saeklesio galobis, rogorc kulturul, musikalur da

religiur identobasTan dakavSirebuli aqtis gamovlinebis im formaze

dakvirveba, romelic informaciis Taobidan Taobaze gadacemul uwyvet

tradicias ukavSirdeba.

15

Tavi pirveli

kulturuli da musikaluri identobis aspeqtebi

„msoflio istoriis manZilze adamianebma sxvadasxva tipis jgufi,

iseTi kriteriumebis safuZvelze Seqmnes, romelic Cven – maTgan gangvarCevs“

(Grosby. 2005:1). identoba, socialur TeoriaTa ganxilvaSi, erT-erTi wamyvani

Temaa. identoba – filosofiaSi, kulturasa da religiaSi – es mxolod

nawilia im mimarTulebebisa, romelSic identobis sakiTxebsa da maT

Seswavlas didi adgili eTmoba. Identitas (laT.) – msgavsebas, erTgvarobas,

igiveobas, erTsaxeobas niSnavs. religiaSi, aRniSnuli sakiTxis Seswavla,

identobis formirebis iseT specifiur saxes gulisxmobs, rodesac wina

planze, ama Tu im religiaSi koleqtiuri mikuTvnebulobis (wevrobis)

grZnobaa wamoweuli; am TvalsazrisiT igi erovnuli da kulturuli

identobis analogs warmoadgens. adamianis religiur identobaze

dakvirvebisas, samecniero kvlevebSi, ramdenime faqtorze gansakuTrebuli

yuradReba gamaxvilda; maT Soris: 1. erovnebaze, 2. imaze, Tu romel Taobas

warmoadgens Seswavlis esa Tu is subieqti, 3. sqesze. aRniSnul faqtorebs,

xalxTa kulturuli identobis kvlevaSic didi mniSvneloba eniWeba.

entoni smiti, Tavisi naSromiს erovnuli identoba (National Identity),

pirvelive TavSi aRniSnavs, rom sazogadoebis winaSe, identobis sakiTxi

jer kidev Zv. w. a. 429 wels dadga, maSin, rodesac sofokles „oidipos mefe“

daidga. avtoris TqmiT, am nawarmoebis centralur problemas, swored

identoba warmoadgens (Smith, 1991:1). ganagrZobs ra oidiposis magaliTze

identobis Temis ganxilvas, smiti gamoyofs im kategoriebs, romelTa

safuZvelze koleqtiuri identoba yalibdeba. esenia: 1. sqesi, 2.

sacxovrebeli adgili (teritoria), 3. socialuri klasi, (socialur-

ekonomikuri identoba), (Smith, 1991:4). aRniSnul naSromSi, smiti im

fundamentur maxasiaTeblebs ayalibebs, romlebic erovnul identobas

gansazRvraven. esenia:

16

1. istoriuli teritoria – samSoblo;

2. saerTo miTebi da istoriuli mexsiereba;

3. saerTo masobrivi kultura;

4. saerTo kanonieri uflebebi da movaleobebi;

5. saerTo ekonomika; (Smith, 1991:14).

erovnuli identobis mimarT, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac igi

politikur ideologiasa Tu sxvadasxva socialur aqtivobas ukavSirdeba,

sazogadoebis liberalur nawils, araerTgvarovani damokidebuleba –

ZiriTadad ki inteleqtualuri skepticizmi axasiaTebs; Tumca meore mxriv,

sxvadasxva droSi, swored inteleqtualebma (filosofiaSi, literaturaSi,

poeziaSi, xelovnebaSi) warmoaCines samSoblo, rogorc aseTi, wina planze

gamoitanes erovnuli cnobierebis sakiTxi. amis magaliTad, sxvadasxva

qveynis (maT Soris saqarTvelos) profesiul musikaSi, erovnuli skolebis

Camoyalibebac gamogvadgeba; Sedegad ki ama Tu im qveynis tradiciuli

musikiT gajerebuli akademiuri musika Seiqmna.

e. smiti, ganixilavs ra erovnuli identobis doqtrinas, aRniSnavs,

rom:

1. samyaro sxvadasxva erisagan Sedgeba, TiToeul ers individualoba,

istoria da bedi gamoarCevs;

2. eri – es aris wyaro yovelgvari politikuri Tu socialuri

Zlierebisa;

3. adamianebma sakuTari Tavis - erTan identificireba unda moaxdinon,

Tu maT surT, rom iyvnen Tavisufalni da sakuTari Tavi Seicnon;

4. erebi unda iyvnen Tavisufalni da daculni, raTa msoflioSi

mSvidobam da samarTlianobam ibatonos; (Smith, 1991:74).

entoni smitis gansazRvrebiT, nacionalizmi – es aris kulturis

forma – ideologia, ena, miTologia, simbolizmi da cnobiereba, romelsac

globaluri rezonansi aqvs, xolo eri – warmoadgens iseTi tipis

identobas, rodesac mniSvneloba da prioriteti, kulturis zemoTaRniSnuli

formiT aris nakarnaxevi (Smith, 1991:92).

17

mkafiod gamoxatuli kulturuli identoba, sakuTari kulturuli

konteqstis da TviTmyofadobis stabilur gancdas gulisxmobs, rac Tavis

mxriv subieqtur grZnobebs ukavSirdeba da es grZnobebi mimarTulia im

obieqturi garemos mimarT, romelSic konkretuli Temi Tu individi

cxovrobs, an aRizarda. aRniSnul kulturul konteqstSi gaurkvevloba da

eWvis Setana identobis kriziss iwvevs, rac Tanamedrove socialuri

Teoriis kidev erT mniSvnelovan sakiTxad gvevlineba. calke Seswavlis

sagania ama Tu im ideologiis farglebSi arsebuli simboloebisa da

adamianis piradi identobis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi (Barnett, 1977:276).

kulturuli identoba, erTis mxriv ucvlel da mudmiv kategoriebs moicavs,

meores mxriv ki sakmaod gaxsnilia da cvlilebebsac eqvemdebareba,

gamomdinare iqidan, Tu romel kulturul sistemasTan gvaqvs xangrZlivi

urTierToba. winamdebare naSromis erT-erT umTavres amocanasac swored

imis Cveneba warmoadgens, Tu rogor da ra formiT aris qarTuli

mravalxmianoba, kerZod ki saeklesio mravalxmiani galoba, kulturuli

identobis mkafiod Camoyalibebuli da ucvleli kategoria. aRniSnuli

sakiTxi gansakuTrebul interess iZens imis fonze, rom Tavad qarTuli

kultura, mkafiod gamoxaturli TviTmyofadobis miuxedavad, Tavisi bunebiT

yovelTvis gaxsnili iyo ucxo kulturaTa mimarT da arasdros qonia

Caketili sazRvrebi, rasac garkveulwilad qveynis istoriuli bedic

ganapirobebda.

vexebi ra gansazRvrebebs „erovnuli identoba“ da „kulturuli

identoba“, mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom erovnuli kultura, romlis

wiaRSic Cven vibadebiT da xSir SemTxvevaSi vizrdebiT kidec, warmoadgens

im ZiriTad resurss, romliTac Cveni kulturuli identoba sazrdoobs.

kulturuli sistemis maxasiaTeblebi, romelTanac adreuli asakidanve Cven

yovelwuTieri Sexeba gvaqvs, CvenSi erTgvar arqetips ayalibeben, romlis

safuZvelzec mogvianebiT ukve Cven Tavad vzrdiT momaval Taobas.

specifiuri socialuri garemo, Cven mier gaTavisebuli wes-Cveulebebi,

gamocdileba, zepiri Tu werilobiTi wyaros saSualebiT miRebuli codna

qmnis im zogaderovnul cnobierebas, romelic erTi kulturis farglebSi

18

mcxovreb, mravali niSniT gansxvavebul or adamiansac ki erTmaneTTan

akavSirebs.

rogor urTierTqmedebaSia kulturuli identoba globalizaciis

procesTan. aq or mniSvnelovan aspeqts unda gaesvas xazi. erTi mxriv,

swored globalizaciisadmi bunebrivad gaCenilma winaaRmdegobrivma Zalam

ganapiroba is, rom sxvadasxva eris kulturulma identobam mZafrad iCina

Tavi da rogorc sakvlevma Tematikam wina planze wamoiwia; meore mxriv ki

globalizaciis fonze, rodesac samyaro TiTqos dapataravda, manZilebi

damoklda, informaciis myisieri gavrcelebis Sedegad, dedamiwis erT

wertilSi momxdari ambavi, sruliad sapirispiro mxares – Sors myof

adamianebze axdens gavlenas, kulturuli identoba erovnul CarCos gascda

da mravalkulturul garemoSi hibriduli forma SeiZina.

vidre uSualod musikaluri identobis sakiTxebs SevexebodeT, gvsurs

Zalian mokled ganvixiloT religiuri identobis Temac, vinaidan:

1. religiuri identoba – sakuTriv adamianis identobis gamovlenis

erT-erTi mkafio formaa;

2. religiuri identoba mWidro kavSirSia kulturul identobasTan da

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am ukanasknelis nawilsac Seadgens, imdenad,

ramdenadac religiuri wesCveulebebi adamianis kulturuli identobis

maxasiaTebelTa mniSvnelovan speqtrs ayalibebs;

3. Cveni kvlevis ZiriTadi sfero, swored religiur – sasuliero hangs

ukavSirdeba.

saqarTvelos erT-erTi regionis – aWaris magaliTze, romlis

gamahmadianeba am regionis geografiuli adgilmdebareobiT iyo

ganpirobebuli, qarTvelTa religiuri identobis Sesaxeb sagulisxmo

cnobebs gvawvdis anTropologi maTais pelkmansi. Tavis naSromSi Defending

The Border. Identity, Religion and Modernity in the Republic of Georgia (sazRvris dacva.

identoba, religia da Tanamedroveoba saqarTvelos respublikaSi), igi

aRwers im eqspedicias, romelic 2000 wels maRalmTian aWaraSi

ganaxorciela. es swored is periodia, rodesac saqarTvelo – qristeSobis

19

2000 da saxelmwifoebriobis 3000 wlis TariRs aRniSnavda. zemoT

CamoTvlil TariRebTan erTad, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia da

misi mrevli, saqarTveloSi andria pirvelwodebulisa da masTan erTad

qristianobis Semosvlis 2000 welsac zeimobda. aWaris regioni, sayovelTao

naTlisRebis saidumlos araerTi aRsrulebiT aris cnobili da wignis

meore nawilis bolos, me-6 paragrafSi – Ancestors and Enemies in Conversion to

Christianity (winaprebi da mtrebi qristianul sarwmunoebaze moqcevisas)

maTais pelkmansic swored aWaraSi, qristes sjulze moqcevis procesis

TvalsaCinoebisTvis, ramdenime ambavs mogviTxrobs. avtoris TqmiT, im

rTuli motivaciebis gageba, romelmac adamianebs gaqristianebisken ubiZga,

SesaZlebelia uSualod maTTan saubrebiT da imaze dakvirvebiT, Tu ras

yvebian axladgaqristianebulebi TavianTi naTlobis Sesaxeb (Pelkmans,

2006:144). wignSi sxvadasxva adamianTa narativia aRwerili. erT-erTi maTgani

1958 welsaa dabadebuli da Tavad aRniSnavs, rom „namdvil aTeistur

periodSi“ gaizarda. amis miuxedavad, misi mSoblebi islamis wes-Cveulebebis

aqtiuri mimdevrebi yofilan. Svils xumrobiT zogjer „patara warmarTsac“

ki uwodebdnen. skolis dasrulebis Semdeg, ambis mTavarma gmirma swavla

baTumis pedagogiur institutSi ganagrZo da rogorc Tavad ambobs, am

periods mis gaqristianebaze araviTari gavlena ar mouxdenia, radgan

institutSi, religiaze saubari mkacrad ikrZaleboda da am sakiTxisadmi

interesi Tavadac ar gaCenia. 4 wlis Semdeg igi xuloSi dabrunda da coli

SeirTo. „Cemi qorwilis (1982 w.) Semdeg, me da Cemi meuRle male Tbiliss

vestumreT. SemTxveviT mama-daviTis eklesiasTan aRmovCndiT; taZris kari

Ria iyo da saeklesio gundis xma ismoda. am hangis silamazem gamaogna da

meuRles vuTxari, rom taZarSi Sesvla msurda. me aRfrTovanebuli viyavi.

arc ki vicodi iq Sesuls ra wesebi unda damecva; iqaurma silamazem

sruliad gamitaca. TiTqosda vipovne simSvide, is rasac mTeli Cemi

cxovrebis manZilze veZiebdi, es iyo Cemi cxovrebis, Cemi kulturis nawili“

(Pelkmans, 2006:145). avtoris TqmiT, xuloSi dabrunebis Semdeg,

qristianobisadmi misi interesi minelda. 1991 wels, erT-erTi adgilobrivi

20

skola, wm. andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis sasuliero liceumad

gadakeTda, sadac igi rusuli enis pedagogad moewyo; „nel-nela me Cems Zvel

religias davubrundi; religias, romelsac Cemi winaprebi 2000 wlis winaT

misdevdnen. gaqristianeba, CemTvis ioli gadawyvetileba ar iyo. gavecani ra

garkveul wyaroebs, davrwmundi, rom Cemi winabrebi namdvilad qristianebi

yofilan. 1999 wels, mama iosebis daxmarebiT me barieri davamsxvrie. misive

daxmarebiT mahmadianur ritualebsa da wes-Cveulebebs Tavi davaRwie da Cems

mSobliur religias davubrundi. mamaCemi am ambavs yvelaze ukeT Sexvda,

gacilebiT ukeT vidre deda da meuRle. bunebrivia, maT winaaRmdegobis

gaweva scades, magram me avuxseni, rom es Cemi winaprebis religia iyo. mas

Semdeg, rac sasuliero liceumSi daviwye muSaoba, ojaxSi augadac

mixseniebdnen da ambobdnen, rom Zalian Sevicvale, magram me Cemi gzis

erTguli davrCi“ (Pelkmans, 2006:145).

momdevno ambis gmirisTvisac, umniSvnelovanes faqtorad gvevlineba

qristianoba – rogorc misi winaprebis religia. igi 1996 wels, xulos

axladgaxsnil taZarSi moinaTla.…„ufro adre, Cemi mezoblebis gamo ar

movinaTle. amgvari nabijis gadadgma, maTTvis warmoudgenelia... maTi

TvalTaxedviT, Cveni religia – islamia... gaqristianeba CemTvis ioli

gadasawyveti ar yofila. mezoblebma miTxres, rom didi Secdoma davuSvi, me

ki yovelTvis vpasuxobdi, rom swori gadawyvetileba miviRe da Cemi

winaprebis gzas davadeqi. qristianad monaTvlis gamo, mamaCemTan problema

ar Semqmnia. is dRemde namdvili komunistia da miuxedavad imisa, rom misi

mSoblebi muslimebi iyvnen, mama praqtikulad aTeistia“ (Pelkmans, 2006:146).

wignis avtori aRniSnavs, rom misi informanti xSirad wuxda imis gamo, Tu

rogor ucodinrobas amJRavebdnen misi mezoblebi, ugulvebelyofdnen ra

istoriul simarTles. „isini ver xedaven – islami aq aris mxolod imitom,

Turqebma mogvaxvies Tavs.“ m. pelkmansi dasZens, rom ambis gmirs, islamuri

warsulisgan Tavis daRweva surda da misi qristianad monaTvla,

SesaZlebelia davinaxoT, rogorc misTvis ucxo da aramSobliuri

sawyisisgan ganwmendis erTgvari rituali. misi am gadawyvetilebis gamo,

21

yvela moxaruli ar yofila, Tumca, amisTvis axladgaqristianebul kacs

didi yuradReba ar miuqcevia. „mas Semdeg, rac Cemma meuRlem gaigo, rom

Cveni qal-vaJi qristianebad movnaTle, igi atirda. mas eSinoda, rom Cveni

Svilebis SerTvas aRaravin moisurvebda. gegoneba me msurda muslimi siZe!

piriqiT, naTlobam yvelaferi gaamartiva; axla mxolod Sesaferisi

kandidatebi SeirTaven maT“ (Pelkmans, 2006:147).

zemoT monaTxrob ambebSi, wina planze wamoweulia, erTi mxriv

qristianobis, rogorc winaprebis religiis sawyisi, xolo meore mxriv ki

informantebis gaqristianebasTan dakavSirebuli socialuri foni da

ojaxis wevrebTan garTulebuli urTierTobebi. is, ramac m. pelkmansis

aRniSnul wignSi hpova asaxva, naTlad uCvenebs erT regionSi mcxovreb

adamianTa konkretuli jgufis damokidebulebas sakuTari religiuri

mikuTvnebulobis mimarT. maT saubarSi mkafiod ikveTeba kavSiri religiur

identobasa da tradiciul (winaprebis) kulturas Soris. m. pelkmansis mier

Cvenamde motanili ambebSi, TviTgamorkvevis procesSi, sasuliero musikis

rolic aris naCvenebi, ris gamoc informantebis istoriebi CemTvis kidev

ufro met mniSvnelobas iZens.

musika, rogorc istoriuli mexsierebis matarebeli dargi da

kacobriobis azrovnebisa Tu qmedebis erT-erTi originaluri formaa,

romelic sxvadasxva xalxis urTierTganmasxvavebel kategoriad gvevlineba

da socialur-kulturuli garemos ganuyofel atributs warmoadgens.

martin stouqsi, SesavalSi wignisa Ethnicity, Identity and Music (eTnikuroba,

identoba da musika), xazs usvams im garemoebas, rom eTnikurobis Teoriebma,

Cveni drois eTnomusikologiasa da musikologias mkafio kvali daamCnies.

avtoris TqmiT, anTropologTa mier musikiT dainteresebis potenciur

areals swored zemoaRniSnuli kavSiri warmoadgens (Stokes, 1994:vii). erTi

mxriv, eTnikuri sazRvrebis farglebSi, sxvadasxva xalxis kulturuli –

maT Soris musikaluri identobebis maxasiaTeblebi vlindeba, meore mxriv,

ki `musikaluri ena, rogorc eris sulieri kulturis erT-erTi

mniSvnelovani mxare, eTnikuri Taviseburebis gamomxatvelia. xalxuri musika

22

Seicavs ara mxolod esTetikur, aramed eTnikur funqcias“ (maisuraZe,

2003:284). musikis, rogorc kulturaSi Semavali fenomenis Seswavlis

mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb, Cem mier SesavalSive aRiniSna. am kuTxiT Tu

vimsjelebT, tradiciuli musika, sazogadoebaSi hpovebs asaxvas da piriqiT

– entoni sigeris mosazrebasze dayrdnobiT, SegviZlia ganvsazRvroT, rom

musikaSi Tavad sazogadoeba aisaxeba, rac yofis socialuri organizebis

aspeqtebs ukavSirdeba. ikvlevs ra suias sazogadoebas, avtors miaCnia, rom

am sazogadoebis Seswavla swored maTi musikis meSveobiT aris

SesaZlebeli; entoni sigeris TqmiT `suias (braziliis mkvidri mosaxleoba,

e.d.) sazogadoeba iyo orkestri, maTi sofeli – sakoncerto darbazi, xolo

maTi yovelwliuri cxovreba – simRera“ (Seeger, 1987:140). martin stouqsis

TqmiT, e. sigeris Sroma fundamenturi argumentia, romelSic rig

sakiTxebTan erTad, avtorma is Teoriuli dayofa daZlia, rac musikis

Seswavlasa da sazogadoebis Seswavlas Soris arsebobs. am msjelobiT

msurs ganvamtkico Cemi mosazreba imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom musikalur

strategiaSi, eris RirebulebaTa sistema vlindeba; tradiciuli musikis

safuZvelze, Cven vRebulobT informacias da codnas ama Tu im xalxis

Sesaxeb. zemoaRniSnul SromaSi, Sesavlis erT-erT paragrafSi –

hibriduloba da gansxvaveba (Hybridity and Difference) m. stouqsi aRniSnavs:

„cxadia, rom musika danaxulia rogorc simboluri aqtivobebis sfero,

romelsac nacionalur saxelmwifoebSi udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba“ (Stokes,

1994:15).2

Tomas turino, naSromSi `Music as Social Life” (musika, rogorc socialuri

cxovreba) musikas xelovnebis calkeul dargad ar ganixilavs; avtori

musikas ukavSirebs iseT aqtivobebs, romelic adamianad yofnis sxvadasxva

gzasa da saWiroebebs gulisxmobs. `ufro siRrmiseulad ki me vamtkiceb,

rom musikaluri Tanamonawileoba da gamocdileba Rirebulia piradi da

socialuri integraciis procesebisaTvis” (Turino, 2008:1). avtori aseve

2 m. stouqsis am gansazRvrebis paralelurad, sagulisxmoa, rom eTnomusikologiam, rogorc disciplinam, emigrantebiT dasaxlebul iseT saxelmwifoSi hpova ganviTareba, rogoric amerikis SeerTebuli Statebia.

23

saubrobs imaze, Tu raoden didi mniSvneloba aqvs musikas (da cekvas)

adamianebis TviTgamorkvevisa da maTi identobis gansazRvraSi.

turino xazs usvams CemTvis metad sagulisxmo garemoebas da wers,

rom `dResdReobiT adamianebi sityva identobas ise gamoiyeneben, TiTqos es

sityva niSnavdes igives, rasac sityva sakuTari niSnavs, magram

mniSvnelovania konceptualurad ori sawyisi ganvasxvaoT, socialur

samyaroSi idnividualuri da koleqtiuri identobebis funqciebidan

gamomdinare. sakuTari – es aris kompoziti, romelic Cvevebis jamur

raodenobas moicavs da es Cvevebi gansazRvravs Cveni azrovnebis, grZnobis,

gamocdilebisa da qmedebis tendenciebs. zemoaRniSnulisgan gansxvavebiT,

identoba Cvevebis nawilobriv da cvalebad SerCevas gulisxmobs,

romlebsac Cven sakuTari Tavis warsadgenad viyenebT, rogorc Cvenive Tavis,

ise sxvebis winaSe...” (Turino, 2008:101-102).

naSromSi – Singing the Right Way: Orthodox Christians and Secular Enchantment in

Estonia (sworad mRera: marTlmadidebeli qristianebi da sekularuli

momxibvleloba), jefers engelhardti mkiTxvels saintereso eTnografias

acnobs da aRwers, Tu rogor ar iSureben estoneTSi mcxovrebi

marTlmadidebeli qristianebi (eTnikuri estonelebi, romlebmac me-19

saukuneSi marTlmadidebluri qristianoba miiRes) Zalisxmevas saimisod,

rom taZarSi sworad igalobon; maTTvis es cxovrebiseuli gzis sworad

warmarTvas niSnavs, rac RvTismsaxurebasa da liturgikul gamocdilebas

ukavSirdeba. rogorc avtori aRniSnavs, es aris ambavi imaze, Tu rogor

gaerTianda sworad mReris ideis qveS Semsruleblis xma, saSemsruleblo

manera, marTlmadidebloba da estoneloba. `es aris estoneTSi mcxovrebi

religiuri umciresobis rwmenisa da cxovrebis eTnografia da istoria...”

(Engelhardt, 2014:4).

musikaluri identobis ganxilvisas, erT-erTi mniSvnelovan aspeqts,

emigrantebis mier, mSobliuri tradiciuli musikis aRqma warmoadgens.

aRniSnuli sakiTxi, calke sakvalifikacio naSromis Temaa da es

mimarTuleba Cemi samomavlo kvlevis interess warmoadgens. merab

24

mamardaSvilis qvemoT moyvanili citata, yvelaze ufro mkafiod aRwers

imas, Tu ra gavlenas axdens qarTuli tradiciuli simRera qarTveli

adamianis cnobierebaze: `me qarTveli var, radgan rogorc sulierad, ise

moralurad, me qarTuli mravalxmiani struqturis produqti var...zogierTi

Cemi sulieri SesaZleblobis bedi qarTulma musikam gansazRvra... am musikam

me mSoba. me vgulisxmob Cemi pirovnulis im Semadgenels, rasac eTnikuri da

erovnuli qvia... amitomac, rodesac qarTveli mReris an usmens simReras,

masSi xelaxla ibadeba qarTveli...” (mamardaSvili, 2000:292-293). am sityvebiT,

avtorma Tavad sakiTxis aqtualobasac gausva xazi da rogorc izali

zemcovski aRniSnavs „am aRsarebiT merab mamardaSvili gvaZlevs Temas da

davalebas momavlisaTvis...“ (zemcovski, 2003:43).

aRniSnul sakiTxTan mimarTebiT, sagulisxmo Sromas gvTavazobs

natalia zelenski, romlis statia (Discourses of Authenticity and Sacrality in

Competing Styles of Church Music in the Russian Orthodox Diaspora of New York) Sesulia

musikisa da msoflio qristianobis Tematikisadmi miZRvnil krebulSi The

Oxford Handbook of Music and World Christianities. zelenski ganixilavs im rTul

sazRvrebs, romelic niu-iorkis rusul diasporaSi, sworad galobis Zvel

da axal – warsul da Tanamedrove sawyisebs ukavSirdeba. avtori aRniSnavs,

rom moskovis skolis 3 mimdevarTa miswrafeba Zveli galobisaken,

garkveulwilad im Tanamedrove koncefciiT aris nakarnaxevi, romelic

arqauli Sreebisadmi interess gulisxmobs da romelic Tanamedrove

sakompozitoro esTetikaSi gamoixata. `inovaciuri stilis miuxedavad,

moskovis skolis kompozitorebma Tavis musikaSi itoriuli auTenturoba

daicves imdenad, ramdenadac maTive azriT, moskovis skolas mWidro

kavSirebi aqvs arqaul, pre-dasavlur ruseTTan, rac gamoxatulia maT mier

wminda kvintebis, dabali meSvide safexurisa da znamenuri galobis hangebis

gamoyenebaSi. meore mxriv, ROCOR-is (Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia,

3 moskovis skola, igive axali skola gvian 1800-ian wlebSi Camoyalibda; masSi Sediodnen iseTi kompozitorebi, rogorebic arian: aleqsandr kastalski, pavel Cesnokovi da sergei raxmaninovi. moskovis skolis umTavresi SemoqmedebiTi principi, Zvel rusul – znamenur galobasTan dabruneba iyo.

25

ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesia ruseTis sazRvrebs gareT) repertuaris

didi nawili, me-19 saukunis rusul sasuliero musikas moicavs, romelic

gacilebiT adre Seiqmna, vidre moskovis skolis sagaloblebi da romelic,

tradiciuli rusuli galobis uzurpirebis mizeziT, mkacrad gaakritikes”

(Zelensky, 2016:361-383).

tradiciuli musikaluri masala da masTan dakavSirebuli identobis

sakiTxi, or ZiriTad dros – warsulsa da awmyos, da maT urTierTkavSirs

moiazrebs. warsuls, imdenad, ramdenadac tradiciuli musika koleqtiuri

da istoriuli mexsierebis gaziarebis Sedegad, Taobidan Taobaze gadadis

da am TaobaTa mier, ama Tu im repertuaris mravaljeradi gameorebis gziT,

Cvenamde aRwevs; xolo eTnomusikologTa da anTropologTa mier,

informantebis Tanamedrove yofaze dakvirveba da sxvadasxva musikaluri

kulturis Seswavla swored awmyo droSi mimdinareobs. SromaSi – The Past in

Music (warsuli musikaSi), qerolain biTeli, ser mortimer uileris sityvebs

iSveliebs: `arqeologiSi – Txra ara nivTebis, aramed adamianebis Seswavlas

emsaxureba”; k. biTelis TqmiT es azri, musikasTan mimarTebiT gansakuTrebiT

gamarTlebulia, radgan musikis amgvari Seswavla, adamianebis uSualo

arsebobaze da am arsebobis gamJRavnebazea damokidebuli. materialuri

memkvidreobiT miRebuli nivTebisgan gansxvavebiT, bgerebs verc muzeumSi

gamovfenT da verc xilul eqsponadad vaqcevT. Cven ver SevagrovebT

gayinul notebs, an damsxvreul Tanxmovanebebs da maT minis WurWelSi ver

movaTavsebT. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac esa Tu is musikaluri kultura

werilobiTi, an audioCanaweris saxiT Cvenamde ver aRwevs, aseT dros musika

`xiluli” mxolod uSualo Sesrulebisas xdeba (Bithell, 2006:3). qarTuli

saeklesio galoba, iseve rogorc qarTuli xalxuri simRera, Cvenamde

zepirma tradiciam moitana; zepiri tradicia ki im koleqtiuri mexsierebis,

repertuaris mravaljeradi urTierTgaziarebis Sedegia, razec zemoT

mogaxseneT. XX saukunis meore naxevarSi frangi anTropologis klod levi-

strosis mier mecnierebaSi kulturaTa ori, principulad gansxvavebuli

tipebis aRmniSvneli terminebi damkvidrda (Леви-Стросс, 2001). evropuli tipis

26

kultura, romelic axali drois epoqidan moyolebuli msoflios

civilizaciis ganviTarebis safuZvels warmoadgens, avtoris mier

aRniSnulia rogorc `cxeli” kulturis tipi. aseTi kultura, avtoris

TqmiT orientirebulia axali gamocdilebis gaTavisebaze, rac racionaluri

azrovnebis saSualebiT xorcieldeba. `cxeli” kulturis cnobierebis

umTavres instruments – werilobiTi (alfavituri) ena warmoadgens, romlis

saSualebiT axali codna-gamocdileba fiqsirdeba istoriuli

dokumentaciis, mecnieruli Sromebis (traqtatebis) Tu sxva werilobiTi

Zeglebis saxiT. avtoris azriT, sxvadasxva erSi aseTi kulturis

Camoyalibeba, rogorc wesi droiT TanxvedraSia saxelmwifoebriobis

warmoqmnasaTan. `cxeli” kultura yovelTvis evoluciurobiT xasiaTdeba;

igi iyenebs yvela arsebul da novaciur saSualebas, raTa SeinarCunos

informaciis gadacemis uwyveti procesi. aRniSnul kulturaSi centraluri

adgili uWiravs avtoris, rogorc SemoqmedebiTi individualis cnebas.

klod levi-strosi aseve iZleva meore, gansxvavebuli tipis kulturis

gansazRvrebas, romelsac `civi” kulturis tips uwodebs. am ukanasknels

miekuTvnebian arqauli, an, rogorc miRebulia maTi gansazRvra –

tradiciuli kulturebi, romelTa formireba sxvadasxva xalxSi, maTi

Camoyalibebis adreul etapze moxda. aseTi tipis kulturaSi wina planzea

ukve miRebuli gamocdilebisa da codnis gaziarebis, Taobidan Taobebze

gadacemis procesi. `cxeli”, evoluciuri kulturisgan gansxvavebiT, `civi”

kultura orientirebulia arsebuli tradiciuli gamocdilebisa da

faseulobaTa sistemis usasrulo aRdgena-ganmeorebaze, rac aRniSnuli

procesis ciklurobas gansazRvravs. `civ” kulturaSi adamianis codna

samyaros mowyobaze gadaicema werilobiTi Zeglebis gareSe, zepirad;

Sesabamisad igi cocxlobs manam, sanam misi matareblebi arseboben. `cxeli”

kulturis farglebSi, mravalferovneba xelovnebaSi miRweulia axali

nawarmoebebis Seqmnis gziT. rac Seexeba `civ” kulturas, aq

mravalferovnebis SeqmnaSi udidesi roli variantulobas, varirebas

akisria; e. i. SemoqmedebiTi individualoba ara axali nawarmoebis SeqmnaSi,

aramed ukve arsebuli arqetipis, `axlebur” interpretaciaSi vlindeba.

27

marTlac, xalxuri momRerlis mier erTidaigive simReris Sesruleba

yovelTvis axal SemoqmedebiT aqts warmoadgens, rac tradiciuli musikis

mravalferovnebas da simdidres ganapirobebs. marTalia, qarTul saeklesio

galobas, Cven tradiciuli musikaluri azrovnebis konteqstSi ganvixilavT,

Tumca isic unda aRiniSnos, rom qarTul sasuliero hangs, profesiul

musikas miakuTvneben da am TvalsazrisiT, zogjer mas qarTuli

tradiciuli musikisagan mijnaven. dasavleTevropis saeklesio hangebi,

qoralebi safuZvlad daedo profesiul musikas, romelic, erTis mxriv

anonimuri, xolo meores mxriv CvenTvis kargad cnobili kompozitorebis

Semoqmedebas ukavSirdeba. eWvs ar badebs, rom qarTuli galobis safuZvels,

rogorc hangis, ise Janris TvalsazrisiT swored Zveli profesiuli musika

warmoadgens; Tumca aq sagulisxmoa Semdegi garemoeba: qarTuli samxmiani

galoba qarTuli mravalxmiani musikaluri azrovnebis Sedegia. qarTvelma

mgalobelma swored zemoaRniSnul azrovnebas dauqvemdebara hangi,

romelic ukve samxmian sagalobelSi cantusfirmus-is (fiqsirebuli hangi)

msgavsad, kanonikuri xmis funqcias asrulebs. gamodis, rom qarTuli

saeklesio galoba Zvel, e.w. profesiul sasuliero musikalur Semoqmedebas

warmoadgens, romelic marTalia udidesi danakargebiT, magram werilobiTi

Zeglebis saxiT Cvenamde mainc movida. qarTuli galobis SenarCunebaSi didi

roli Seasrula zepirma tradiciam, romelmac XII-XVII saukuneebis

saqarTveloSi, werilobiTi Zeglebis uqonlobis 4 pirobebSi, faqtobrivad

gadamwyveti, sasicocxlo mniSvneloba SeiZina. Tu davubrundebiT levi-

strosis zemoTxsenebul `civi” da `cxeli” kulturis gansazRvrebas, Cven

davinaxavT, rom qarTuli galoba, rogorc sityvisa da hangis erTobliobis

Sedegad miRebuli mravaldoniani, rTuli Sinagani bunebis mqone mxatvruli

movlena orive – rogorc “cxeli”, ise “civi” kulturis tipis

niSanTvisebebs atarebs, radgan erTis mxriv arsebuli nevmuri notaciis

saxiT igi ara uwyveti, magram TavisTavad werilobiTi tradiciis mqonea,

4nevmirebuli xelnawerebis, aRniSnul periodSi arsebobis sakiTxi burusiT aris moculi; savaraudoa, rom dampyrobelTa mier, sagalobelTa nevmirebuli xelnawerebi, rogorc eris umdidresi memkvidreoba – ganadgurda da daikarga. mravalsaukunovani intervalis Semdeg pirveli nevmirebuli Zegli, romelmac Cvenamde moaRwia, XVIII saukuniT aris daTariRebuli.

28

xolo meores mxriv igi Taobidan Taobebs swored zepiri tradiciis

saSualebiT gadaecema. amrigad, profesiul musikalur sawyisze

aRmocenebuli qarTuli sagalobeli ara mxolod Zveli profesiuli

musikis, aramed qarTuli tradiciuli musikaluri memkvidreobis

ganuyofeli nawilicaa.

qarTvelTa yofaSi galobisa da simReris mWidro Tanaarsebobis

araerTi naTeli magaliTi gvaqvs; maT Sorisaa:

- salxino sagaloblis fenomeni (rodesac saeklesio hangze saero teqsti

imRereba);

- saqarTveloSi arsebobs cneba “momReral-mgalobeli”, rac Cemi azriT

qarTul tradiciul musikalur azrovnebasTan dakavSirebuli erT-erT

originaluri maxasiaTebelia;

- dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebul e.w. “trios” tradiciaSi aSkarad

SeiniSneba musikaluri enis da frazirebis siaxlove saklesio galobis

musikalur enasTan5;

- rogorc qarTuli saeklesio, ise saero mravalxmiani hangis imanentur

Tvisebas improviazacia warmoadgens, romlis Sedegad miRebuli cvlileba

konkretuli hangis axali, gansxvavebuli variantis warmoqmnas edeba

safuZvlad. zemoxsenebuli variantis warmoqmnis erT-erT saintereso

formas, erTi romelime tradiciuli hangis, naSromis SesavalSi naxsenebi

kulturuli auTsaideris mier Sesruleba warmoadgens. es sakiTxi

dRevandel dRes Zalzed aqtualuria, radgan arsebobs araerTi

Semsrulebeli Tu ansambli, romelic sxvadasxva eris musikalur kulturas

eziareba, rac ara mxolod smeniT STabeWdilebas, aramed sakuTar

sakoncerto repertuarSi, sxva xalxTa tradiciuli musikis damkvidrebas

gulisxmobs.Aaq dgeba rigi sakiTxebisa, romelic swored musikalur

identobas ukavSirdeba. kerZod:

- rogor aisaxeba, kulturuli auTsaideris mier sxva qveynis tradiciuli

musikis Sesruleba, musikisa da identobis urTierTqmedebaze;

5mosazreba gagviziara ioseb Jordaniam.

29

- masalis interpretirebis ra problemebs exmaureba, simRerisa Tu dakvris

Seswavla im stilSi, romelsac adreuli asakidan ar vicnobT;

- ra xarisxiT aris kulturulad ucxo stilis gaTaviseba SesaZlebeli –

siRrmiseulad Tu mxolod imitirebis doneze;

- rogor Rebuloben mSobliuri kulturis warmomadgenlebi, ùcxoTa” mier

Sesrulebul `sakuTar” hangebs;

- rogoria aseT dros insaidersa da auTsaiders Soris, gulwrfeli

urTierTobis damyarebis potenciali (Bithell, 2009:160).

vidre zemoT CamoTvlil sakiTxebs, qerolain biTelis eTnografiaze

dayrdnobiT, vrclad SevexebodeT, gvsurs igive problematika qarTuli

tradiciuli musikis Tanamedrove mdgomareobis magaliTze ganvixiloT.

ansambli `gorani” (avtsralia), trio `kavkasia” (aSS), ansambli `maspinZeli”

(didi britaneTi), ansambli ìamasirogumi” (iaponia), ansambli `darbazi”

(kanada), trio `zari” (kanada), ansambli ìrinola” (safrangeTi), ansambli

`mze Sina” (safrangeTi), ansambli `marani” (safrangeTi) – es aris im

musikaluri koleqtivebis arasruli CamonaTvali, romelTa repertuari

qarTul tradiciul musikas moicavs. sxvadasxva dros, maTi mosmena

saqarTveloSi, tradiciuli mravalxmianobis saerTaSoriso simpoziumis

farglebSi gaxda SesaZlebeli. aRniSnuli simpoziumi 2002 wlidan

moyoloebuli yovel or weliwadSi erTxel imarTeba da misi istoria ukve

eqvs simpoziums iTvlis. sainteresoa uSualod qarTvel msmenelze

dakvirveba da im procesis danaxva, romelic ucxoel SemsrulebelTa mier,

qarTuli hangebis scenaze aJRerebas, xolo qarTveli msmenelis am

mdgomareobaze miCvevas ukavSirdeba. msgavsi performansis SemTxvevaSi,

qarTuli auditoriis absoluturi umravlesoba, dasafaseblad miiCnevs im

faqts, rom sxva – ucxo qveynis warmomadgenlebi, qarTul musikas swavloben

da asruleben, radgan Tavad es aqti aRiqmeba, rogorc qarTuli musikaluri

kulturis saerTaSoriso aRiareba. bunebrivia, qarTveli adamiani ver

darCeba gulgrili, rodesac mis win scenaze mdgari ucxoeli

Semsrulebeli, qarTul mravalxmian, an erTxmian hangebs, qarTul enaze

asrulebs, Tumca dResdReobiT, qarTuli tradiciuli musikis mravali

30

ucxouri ansamblis arsebobis pirobebSi, gazrdili jansaRi konkurenciisa

da im garemoebis fonze, rodesac qarTvelma msmenelma, qarTuli hangis

ucxoelTa mier interpretirebas yuri SeaCvia da Sesrulebis standartebma

maRla aiwia, ansamblebi kidev ufro metad arian musikis Sesrulebis

xarisxze orientirebulni. miuxedavad zemoTqmulisa, vexebiT ra qarTul

aramaterialur kulturul memkvidreobas, qarTuli tradiciuli musikis

yoveli interpretaciis dros saWiroa sifrTxile, raTa masala,

originalTan rac SeiZleba miaxloebuli iyos da hangis gavrceleba,

SecdomiT ar moxdes. 6 aRniSnul sakiTxs statias uZRvnis qarTveli

eTnomusikologi, natalia zumbaZe. igi aqcents, ucxoeli Semsruleblebis

mier swored qarTuli mravalxmiani simRerebiT dainteresebaze akeTebs da

aRniSnavs, rom mravalxmianoba qarTuli simReriT ucxoelTa dainteresebis

mTavari mizezia (zumbaZe, 2003:541). avtori, qarTuli xalxuri simReris

Semsrulebel ucxoelTa ori tipis jgufs gamoyofs. esenia sxvadasxva

xalxis tradiciuli musikisa da sakuTriv qarTuli simReris

Semsruleblebi. n. zumbaZe, CvenTvis mniSvnelovan ramdenime sakiTxs exeba.

maT Soris imas, rom ucxoelTa mier Sesrulebul zogierT qarTul

simReras saWiro sakravi ar axlavs. misive azriT, es garemoeba sxvadasxva

kuTxis qarTuli musikaluri tradiciis darRvevaa. magaliTisaTvis avtors

moyavs franguli ansambli `mze Sina”, romelic svanuri simReris -

`laJRvaSis” TanxlebisTvis Congurs iyenebs; rogorc viciT svaneTSi

Conguri ar gvxvdeba, iq gavrcelebuli sakravebi Wuniri da Cangia. n. zumbaZe

yuardRebas amaxvilebs qarTuli tradiciuli mravalxmiani mReris kanonebis

rRvevaze, rac xmaTa funqciebis aRrevis Sedegad miiReba.Aamis magaliTebia

simReris sxva xmiT dawyeba, xmebis araswori TanmimdevrobiT Sesvla da

banis oqtaviT dabla Sesruleba (zumbaZe, 2003:545). Tu rogor swavloben

ucxoelebi qarTul mravalxmian simReras – amasTan dakavSirebiT, n.

6am tipis TiTqmis yvela koncerti iwereba, iqneba es audio Tu video Canaweri da Semdeg

vrceldeba, rogorc wyaro, romelze dayrdnobiT sxva Semsruleblebma SesaZloa esa Tu is

simRera Seiswavlon.

31

zumbaZe Tavis statiaSi sam ZiriTad saSualebas gamoyofs. esenia: `1.

damoukideblad, gamocemuli qarTuli fonoCanawerebidan; 2. ucxoeTSi

miwveuli qarTveli lotbarebisgan; 3. saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi,

uSualod xalxuri momRerlebisgan” (zumbaZe, 2003:541-542). avtori iqve

dasZens im naklovanebebis Sesaxeb, romelic ucxoelTa mier qarTuli

tradiciuli musikis Sesrulebas sdevs Tan (zumbaZe, 2003:542-545). maT Soris

gamovyofT CvenTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovan faqtors: rogorc cnobilia,

qarTuli tradiciuli musikis Sesrulebis erT-erTi umTavresi

maxasiaTebeli imaSi mdgomareobs, rom (samxmianobaSi) zeda or xmas ara

ramdenime, aramed TiTo-TiTo Semsrulebeli mReris. es aris is

SemoqmedebiTi principi, romelze dayrdnobiT, qarTuli tradiciuli

musikis zemoT xsenebuli imanenturi Tviseba – improvizaciuloba vlindeba,

xolo maSin, rodesac zeda xmebs ramdenime `solisti” erTdroulad

asrulebs, amiT qarTuli musikis bunebis ugulvebelyofa xdeba. vfiqrobT

aris sami ZiriTadi mizezi, Tu ratom mRerian zogierT ucxour ansamblSi

zeda xmebs amgvari gaormagebebiT: 1. ucxoeli Semsruleblebi SesaZloa ar

flobdnen sakmaris informacias qarTuli xalxuri simRerisa Tu

sagaloblis Sesrulebis wesze; 2. ramdenime adamianis erToblivi

SesrulebiT, isini ufro iolad umklavdebian im rTul amocanas, rasac

ucxo da originaluri musikaluri hangis Sesrulebas axlavs Tan; 3. Tavad

qarTul xalxur sasceno SemsruleblobaSi, didi gundebis arsebobis

pirobebSi, wlebis manZilze danergili iyo erTi xmis ramdenime momRerlis

mier Sesrulebis praqtika, maT Soris bavSvTa gundebSic, rasac dRevandel

dRes naklebad vxvdebiT, Tumca imdroindeli Canawerebi SesaZloa araerTi

ucxoelisTvis misabaZi gamxdariyo.

qarTuli simRerisa da sakravieri musikis tradiciuli maneriT

Sesrulebis pirobebSi, momReral-improvizatoris SemoqmedebiTi

TviTganxorcielebis Sedegad, ama Tu im hangis axali varianti ibadeba.

qarTul musikalur kulturaSi, erTi simReris mravali variantis arseboba,

qarTvel momReralTa improvizirebis maRal xarisxsa da TviTmyofadobaze

32

miuTiTebs. improvizacia, rogorc emociis intuitiuri gamovlena7 , qarTuli

tradiciuli musikis SemsruleblobaSi swored erTi adamianis mier namRer

xmas gulisxmobs. eTnomusikolog ediSer garayaniZis TqmiT: `qarTuli

musikisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli azrovnebis mravalxmiani tipis pirobebSi

improvizacia iyo mTavari winapiroba xalxuri polifoniis Camoyalibebisa

da ganviTarebisaTvis” (garayaniZe, 1988:74).

aRniSnul sakiTxze msjelobas k. biTelis eTnografiis moSveliebiT

ganvagrZobT, romelic kulturuli auTsaideris mier sxvadasxva xalxis

tradiciuli musikis Sesrulebasa da identobis sakiTxebs exmianeba. avtori

Village Harmony-s 8 mier Catarebul im erT-erT sazafxulo banaks aRwers,

romelic korsikaSi 2004 wels gaimarTa. aRniSnuli banakis farglebSi, ocze

meti adamiani, korsikul, qarTul, samxreT afrikul da amerikuli e. w.

Shape-Note mravalxmian musikalur tradiciebs eufleboda. avtori aRniSnavs,

rom CamoTvlili musikaluri tradiciebidan, banakSi myofTaTvis korsikuli

mravalxmiani stili yvelaze naklebad iyo cnobili da Sesabamisad yvelaze

didi gamowvevac swored mis Sesrulebas ukavSirdeboda. kunZulze zepir

tradiciaSi Semonaxuli mravalxmiani simRerebis identoba, ara mxolod

bgeriTi kombinaciebis maxasiaTeblebs, aramed uSualod musikis formirebis

procesis socialur sawyisebTan urTierTqmedebas gulisxmobs. kulturuli

insaiderisaTvis, korsikuli tradiciuli – melizmaturi sarTavebiT

gajerebuli hangis Sesruleba, ara daswavlili masalis zust

gameorebasTan, aramed mis interpretirebasTan aris dakavSirebuli; hangis

yoveli Sesrulebac re-interpretirebaa, ris Sedegadac erTnairi

JReradobis miReba SeuZlebelia (Bithell, 2009:160); Sesabamisad, Village Harmony-s

Semsruleblebis winaSe dasaxul amocanaTa Soris yvelaze mniSvnelovani

ara uSualod simRerebis Seswavla, aramed swored interpretirebis

xelovnebis dauflebaa, ornamentirebis da improvizirebis, aseve

mravalxmiani simReris Sesrulebisas koleqtivSi funqcionirebis

7ix. Рунин, Б., О Психологии Импровизаций. Психология Процессов Художественного Творчество, Л.1980 г.

8organizacia, romelic msoflio xalxTa musikis gacnobiT, prqatikuli SeswavliTa da SesrulebiT aris dakavebuli; ix. http://www.villageharmony.org

33

adgilobrivi midgomebis gaTvaliswinebiT. rogorc ansamblis erT-erTi

wevri ixsenebs, Tavad korsikelebi sakmaod aaRelva im faqtma, rom ucxo

qveynis warmomadgenlebma, korsikuli musika ase daafases da Seiyvares;

xolo Tavad korsikelma momRerlebma jer stumrebisTvis, Semdeg ki

stumrebTan erTad Seasrules ramdenime simRera, riTic ucxoelebisadmi

Tbili da dadebiTi damokidebuleba gamoxates (Bithell, 2009:163). rogor

aRiqves adgilobrivma korsikelebma Village Harmony-s Sesruleba? maTi

STabeWdileba amgvari iyo `swori gamoTqma da sxva yvelaferi – maT ukeT

Seasrules vidre amas zogierTi korsikeli SeZlebda”. msgavsi Sefasebis

mosmenisas, korsikelma musikosma, romelic msmenelTa Soris gaxldaT,

musikalur kompetenciasa da kulturul identobas Soris arsebuli

urTierTqmedebis sakiTxi wamoWra. misive azriT, is faqti, rom ucxoelebma,

sakmaod mokled droSi SeZles korsikuli hangebis swavla da msenelis

winaSe damajereblad gamotana, exmianeba sakiTxs, romelic Tavad

korsikelebis mier am sasimRero kulturis garkveulwilad dakargvas

ukavSirdeba (Bithell, 2009:164). statiis dasasruls avtori yuradRebas

amaxvilebs qarTuli da korsikuli simRerebis msgavsebaze da aseve xazs

usvams im garemoebas, rom qarTuli simRerebi araerTi ucxouri ansamblis,

maT Soris korsikuli ansamblebis repertuarSi damkvidrda; aRniSnuli

ansamblebi, qarTul musikas erTis mxriv korsikaSi, festivalebze Casuli

ucxouri koleqtivebisgan swavloben, meores mxriv ki Tavad stumroben

saqarTvelos da masalas adgilze iTviseben. amrigad, identobis ra

formasTan gvaqvs saqme, maSin rodesac kulturuli auTsaideri ucxo

qveynis tradiciul musikas eziareba; xdeba Tu ara es ucxo kultura misi

kulturuli identobis Semadgeneli nawili? aseT fenomens SegviZlia

SeZenili identoba vuwodoT, romlis pirobebSi ara mSobliur, aramed ucxo

kulturis konteqstSi Camoyalibebul kulturul/musikalur identobasTan

gvaqvs saqme. maSin, rodesac msaobrivi kulturis gavrcelebis areali

grandiozul masStabebs aRwevs, tradiciis matarebel adamianebTan erTad,

kulturuli auTsaiderebi im mcirericxovan jgufs ganekuTvnebian, romelic

34

tradiciul musikas dakargvisagan icavs da mis SenarCunebasa Tu

gavrcelebas uwyobs xels. da bolos, am Temis irgvliv arsebul sakiTxTa

Soris, aseve sagulisxmoa kulturuli auTsaideris mier, ucxo musikis

SesrulebasTan daavSirebuli emociuri mxare, rac mocemuli suraTis srul

konteqstSi danaxvis SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs. qarTuli tradiciuli musikis

magaliTze Tu vimsjelebT, Tamamad SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom ucxoel

Semsruleblebs madlierebis gancda aerTianebT. am madlierebis safuZvels

warmoadges qarTul hangebze wvdoma, maTi Seswavlis SesaZlebloba da

musikis JReradobiT miRebuli is sruliad unikaluri veli da mdgomareoba,

romelzec araerTi maTgani amaxvilebs yuradRebas. Cven – qarTvel

momRerlebsa Tu mkvlevrebs didi dakvirveba gvmarTebs, rodesac: 1. ucxoel

Semsruleblebs vaswavliT, 2. rogorc eTnoforebi – ucxoeli mecnierisTvis

qarTul tradiciul musikas vasrulebT, raTa man Cven mier Sesrulebul

masalaze dayrdnobiT daskvnebi gamoitanos da qarTuli musikis Sesaxeb

samecniero Sroma Seqmnas, 3. ukve Sedegis saxiT – ucxoeli momRerlebis

mier Sesrulebul qarTul musikas vismenT, 4. ukve Sedegis saxiT – ucxoeli

mkvlevris mier qarTuli xalxuri musikisa Tu saeklesio galobis irgvliv

momzadebul moxsenebas vismenT. oTxive SemTxvevaSi, saerTaSoriso

masStabiT, masalis SecdomiT gavrcelebisa da gamoqveynebis albaToba

arsebobs, rac kulturuli insaiderebis mxridan yuradRebas saWiroebs. am

gziT Cven daxmarebas gavuwveT ara mxolod qarTuli tradiciuli musikis

Semsruleblobasa da eTnomusikologiis dargs, aramed uSualod im

adamianebs – Semsruleblebsa Tu mkvlevrebs, romlebic qarTuli musikiT

arian dainteresebulni da mis kanonzomierebebSi garkvevas cdiloben.

ra garemoebam SeiZleba gaaRvivos erTi konkretuli jgufis

kulturuli identobis gancda, identobis krizisi da gaaCinos imis

SegrZneba, rom am identobas safrTxe emuqreba? aseT garemoebad im tipis

winaaRmdegoba gvevlineba, romlis pirobebSi ama Tu im xalxis kulturuli

memkvidreobis tradiciuloba, auTenturoba, an siZvele kiTxvis niSnis qveS

dgeba. qarTul tradiciul galobasTan mimarTebiT, magaliTisaTvis

SevexebiT im dRemde aqtualur procesebs, romelic TbilisSi bizantiuri

35

galobis Semswavleli jgufis saqmianobas ukavSirdeba. imisaTvis, rom

TvalsaCino gaxdes Tu ras emsaxureba zemoaRniSnuli jgufi, moviyvanT

amonarids werilidan, romelic 2010 wlis miwuruls, Tbilisis v.

sarajiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo konservatoriis, saqarTvelos

musikaluri sazogadoebis, qarTuli xalxuri simReris saerTaSoriso

centris, konservatoriis tradiciuli mravalxmianobis kvlevis

saerTaSoriso centris, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos saeklesio galobis

centris wevrebisa da qarTvel musikosTa mier iqna Sedgenili da romlis

adresati saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wminda

sinodi gaxlavT. mimarTvaSi vkiTxulobT:

`Tqveno uwmindesobav da unetaresobav, maRalyovladusamRvdeloesno

da yovladusamRvdeloesno meufeno... mogexsenebaT, rom msoflio

kulturul saganZurSi qarTveli eris mier Setanil umniSvnelovanes

memkvidreobas tradiciuli mravalxmianoba warmoadgens – uZvelesi xalxuri

musika da SuasaukuneTa saeklesio galoba. qarTuli tradiciuli musika

saukuneebis manZilze Camoyalibda sulierebis, maRalzneobriobisa da

qarTvelTa TviTmyofadobis simbolod. mravali gansacdelis miuxedavad,

RvTis wyalobiT, Cvenamde movida aTasobiT nimuSi Zveli qarTuli

saeklesio musikisa. samwuxarod, saukuneTa siRrmidan Cvenamde

saswaulebrivad SemorCenil am saganZurs, ager ukve 10-15 welia rac axali

gansacdeli xvda wilad, rac ufro metad savalaloa – Tavad saqarTvelos

eklesiaSi, zogierTi mRvdelmsaxurisa da maTi mrevlis mxridan.

vgulisxmobT e.w. `bizantiuri galobis Semswavlel jgufsa” da

`marTlmadidebel mSobelTa kavSirs”, agreTve am dajgufebebTan

dakavSirebuli sasusliero Tu saero pirebis miuRebel saqmianobas.

rogorc cnobilia, am dajgufebis wevrebi 1996-97 wlebidan ebrZvian qarTul

galobas, acxadeben, rom is `arakanonikuria”, xolo erTaderTi `kanonikuri”

da saeklesio da amasTan `namdvili qarTuli galoba” ki mxolod

bizantiur-berZnuli galobaa.Aarasworad gadmocemul berZnul

sagaloblebze meqanikurad adeben qarTul teqstebs, am TviTneburi da

diletanturi eqsperimentis produqts galoben RvTismsaxurebaze...

36

gamoscemen da eleqtronuli mediiT avrceleben Cveni eklesiis liturgiaSi

akrZaluli am musikaluri eqsperimentis audio da video Canawerebs, aseve

qarTuli galobisadmi cilismwameblur da damamcirebel publikaciebs. Aam

xerxebiT dajgufebis liderebi cdiloben daamkvidron mcdari Tvalsazrisi

imis Sesaxeb, rom TiTqos qarTuli galoba aris mxolod `simRera”,

amsofliuri da ara saRvTismsaxuro musika – msoflio eklesiis wmida

gardamocemis nawili. qarTuli galobis asaRorZineblad, saqarTvelos

eklesiis wmida sinodis 2003 wlis 18 agvistos ruis-urbnisis krebaze, Tqven

mier miRebul iqna istoriuli gadawyvetileba. mogvyavs amonaridi

xsenebuli ganCinebidan: saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi kanonikuri

galoba iyo da aris mravalxmiani tradiciuli galoba. misi aRsruleba

savaldebuloa yovel qarTul taZarSi da yvelgan, qarTul enaze

aRvlenili RvTismsaxurebis dros. mgalobelTa gundebs eZlevaT locva-

kurTxeva, raTa e.w. rusuli, evropuli da bizantiuri galoba naxvari wlis

ganmavlobaSi Secvalon qarTuli kanonikuri mravalxmiani galobiT...Aamave

krebaze wmindanad Seiracxa eqvTime aRmsarebeli (kereseliZe) – qarTuli

samgaloblo memkvidreobis mniSvnelovani nawilis gadamrCeneli. miuxedavad

aRniSnuli ganCinebisa da piradad kaTolikos-patriarqis locva-kurTxevisa,

Segonebebisa da akrZalvebisa, xsenebuli jgufi jiutad agrZelebs

TviTnebobasa da Cveni tradiciuli galobisaTvis saziano qmedebas. CvenSi

udides gulistkivils iwvevs is faqti, rom wmida sinodisa da kaTolikos-

patriaqris ganCinebasa da locva-kurTxevebs aranairi Sedegi ar mohyva...Ees

adamianebi ki ukve 7 (!) welia ar asruleben wmida sinodis

gadawyvetilebas.Uufro metic – isini Secdomad acxadeben mas...”. mimarTvaSi

mocemulia im moqmedi taZrebis CamonaTvali, sadac berZnuli hangi

igalobeba. zemoaRniSnul werils, bizantiuri galobis Semswavleli

jgufis mxridan gamoxmaureba mohyva. maT Ria werili konservatoriis

reqtoris saxelze Seadgines, xolo werilis asli ki uwmindessa da

unetaress, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs ilia meores, aseve

sinodis wevrebsa da sapatriarqos galobis centrs gadaugzavnes. moviyvanT

werilis amonarids, romelSic vkiTxulobT: `wavikiTxeT Tqveni mimarTva

37

wminda sinodisadmi. werilSi Tqven werT, rom Cven vmtrobT qarTul

galobas, vdevniT da SeuracxvyofT mas. mogaxsenebT da vacxadebT, rom es

ase ar aris... Cven vambobT: samxmiani galoba aris Cveni eris tradicia,

xolo rva xmis melodiebi, romlebic sruldeba erT xmaSi, monofonurad,

aris marTlmadidebeli eklesiis erTiani kanoni. Cven werilobiT araerTxel

mivmarTeT sapatriaqros samgaloblo centrs TxovniT: `rogorc es yvela

adgilobriv eklesiaSi xdeba, aseve, saqarTvelos adgilobriv eklesiaSic

SevinarCunoT orive saxis galoba: samxmiani – erovnuli tradiciiT, da

erTxmiani – erToblivi rvaxmis kanonis mixedviT”. rvaxmis kanons uCvenebs

eklesiis RvTismsaxurebis wes-gangeba, anu tipikoni, am kanonzea gawyobili

yvela saRvTismsaxuro wigni. Aam kanons – rvaxmas – ewodeba bizantiuri

galoba. musikosebisTvis da xelovnebis muSakebisTvis ufro gasagebi rom

iyos, SeiZleba ase vTqvaT: rogorc arsebobs erovnuli musikaluri

folklori da arsebobs klasikuri musika, amis msgavsad, eklesiaSi

samxmiani galoba aris eris tradicia, bizantiuri galoba ki – eklesiis

klasikuri musika... rogorc klasikuri musika ar aris romelime erTi eris

kuTvnileba, aramed yvela erisa, aseve bizantiuri galoba yoveli

marTlmadidebeli eris kuTvnilebaa. rvaxmis melodiebs erT xmaSi galobs

yvela marTlmadidebeli – berZeni iqneba es, qarTveli, slavi, ingliseli

Tu arabi... Cven vmorCilebT wminda sinodis dadgenilebas da Cvens taZrebSi

vgalobT samxmian sagaloblebs.Mmagram sinodis dadgenilebaSi ar aris

erTxmianis akrZalva...”.

am werilebis gamoqveynebas win uZRvoda jer bizantiuri galobis

Semswavleli jgufis mier gamocemuli broSura saxelwodebiT ase

galobdnen Zvelad saqarTveloSi (Tbilisi, 2001 w.), da qarTuli saeklesio

galobis Tanamedrove problemebi. recenziebi da gamoxmaurebebi broSuraze

`ase galobdnen Zvelad saqarTveloSi” (andriaZe, 2002). am ukanasknelSi,

qarTveli mkvlevrebi yuradRebas amaxvileben bizantiuri galobis

Semswavleli jgufis mier msjelobisas gamovlenil xarvezebze. Cvenis mxriv

or sakiTxze SevCerdebiT. 1. rogorc werilSi vkiTxulobT, bizantiuri

galobis Semswavleli jgufis umTavres arguments oqtoixosis, anu rvaxmis

38

kanonikuroba warmoadgens, rac maTive xedviT mxolod monofonurad – erT

xmaSi sruldeba. mniSvnelovania vicodeT, rom sxvadasxva marTlmadideblur

tradiciaSi originaluri rvaxmis sistema arsebobs, rac swored ama Tu im

eris musikalur azrovnebas ukavSirdeba. maT Soris saqarTveloSic,

qarTuli samxmiani galoba qarTuli rvaxmis kalendaruli sistemis

mixedviT igalobeba. uZvelesi liturgikul-himnografiuli krebulis

ierusalimuri leqcionaris nusxebidan Semonaxul xelnawerSi

`ierusalimuri leqcionari VII saukunisa” miTiTebulia, Tu romel xmaze

igalobeba esa Tu is sagalobeli. magda suxiaSvilis TqmiT, `Cans, rom am

droisaTvis qarTvel himnografebs berZnuli saRvTismsaxuro praqtikidan

ukve SeTvisebuli hqondaT `Ãmeani galobis”, anu sagaloblebis rva xmaze

gawyobis wesi, romelic saTaves V-VI saukuneebidan iRebs” (suxiaSvili,

2002:5). marTalia, aRmosavleT qristianul samgaloblo tradiciebs Soris

mravalxmiani galobis uZvelesi formebi saqarTveloSi gvxvdeba, razec

mkvlevarTa azriT ioane petriwis sami xmis saxeldebac miuTiTebs. nino

fircxalavas statiaSi vkiTxulobT: `mefeTa cxovrebis arsen

iyalToeliseuli Targmanebis safuZvelze qarTul musikaSi Sebanebisa da

xmis Sewyobis praqtikis arseboba ukve XI saukuneSi savaraudeblad miiCnia

daskvnebis gamotanaSi uaRresad frTxilma – didma ivane javaxiSvilma.

ioane petriwis Txzuleba ganmartebani proklesaTÂs diadoxosisa da

platonurisa filosofiisaTÂs masSi daculi argumentebiT ueWvels xdis i.

javaxisSvilis Tvalsazriss – Tu ufro adre ara, XI mainc usaTuod, –

samxmianobis arsebobis faqts saqarTveloSi... Zalian Sors wagviyvanda im

qarTvel mecnierTa CamoTvla, vinc es Tvalsazrisi gaiziara (fircxalava,

2002:33-34); Tumca magaliTisaTvis gavixsenoT rusuli samgaloblo

tradicia, romelSic erTxmian znamenur galobasTan erTad, me-16 saukunis

miwuruls Camoyalibebuli mravalxmiani – putno-demestvuri galobac

sruldeba (diasamiZe, 2012:449). amrigad, iseT qveyanaSic ki, sadac

tradiciuli musikaluri azrovneba pirvel rigSi erTxmianobas gulisxmobs,

mravalxmiani saeklesio galoba arakanonikurad ar aris miCneuli, piriqiT,

igi ganixileba, rogorc mdidari samgaloblo tradiciis nimuSi, xolo misi

39

aRdgena da saeklesio samgaloblo repertuarSi dabruneba, saeklesio

kanonikis mcodne, uaRresad ganswavlul – galobis mecnier-praqtikosebis

saxels ukavSirdeba. 9 ufro metic, rusul medievistikaSi damkvidrebulia

azri imis Sesaxeb, rom `xalxur-sasimRero tradiciebisa da e. w. stroCnoe

(galobis mravalxmiani forma, e.d.) galobis stilistikis urTierTSedarebam,

maT Soris arsebuli mWidro kavSirebi gamoavlina. samxmianoba

(troestroCie) aRmosavleT qristianuli regionis xalxTa mier dagrovili,

mravalsaukunovani sagundo galobis umaRlesi ganzogadebaa” (Конотоп,

1996:62). bizantiuri galobis Semswavleli jgufi, uwodebs ra qarTul

samxmian galobas eris tradicias, xolo berZnul galobas –

marTlmadideblursa da kanonikurs, amiT igi ugulvebelyofs da uaryofs

qarTuli samxmiani galobis kanonikurobas da kiTxvis niSnis qveS ayenebs

yvela im qarTveli saeklesio moRvawisa Tu galobis moamagis Rvawls,

romlebmac qarTuli galoba, urTules pirobebSi SeinarCunes da Cvenamde

moitanes. ganekuTvneba ki maT mier danergili berZnuli sagaloblebi im

Zvel bizantiur samgaloblo Sres, romelsac jgufi RvTismsaxurebisas

aRvlenil upirobo galobad miiCnevs?! rogorc cnobilia, maT mier

samgaloblo repertuarSi damkvidrebuli sagaloblebi XIX-XX saukuniT

TariRdeba da xSir SemTxvevaSi am sagalobelTa avtorebic ki cnobilia.

aseT viTarebaSi, ris safuZvelze SeiZleba imis mtkiceba, rom is, ris

damkvidrebasac bizantiuri galobis Semswavleli jgufi qarTul

eklesiebSi cdilobs, aris ufro Zveli, vidre qarTuli samxmiani galoba,

romelic mexeleTa mier, hangis teqstze gawyobis wesis dacviT aris

Seqmnili; maTi msjelobiT im azramde mivdivarT, rom erT xmaSi galoba

(miuxedavad imisa Tu rogor adevs hangi teqsts, ramdenad Zvelia is

melodiuri saqcevebi, romelsac mgaloblebi mimarTaven) avtomaturad

kanonikur galobas gulisxmobs. bunebrivia, es mcdari, yovelgvar

mecnierul dasabuTebas moklebuli Sexedulebaa. bizantiuri galobis

Semswavleli jgufis Ria werilSi aseve vkiTxulobT: `anda rogor

9magaliTisaTvis davasaxeleb mgalobelTa ansambls `Ключ разумения”, xelmZRvaneli – Nmusikologi, medievisti - natalia mosiagina.

40

akrZalavda sinodi erTxmian galobas, roca TviT ieso qristem,

mociqulebTan erTad, saidumlo serobaze – pirvel wirvaze – erT xmaSi

igaloba.” xolo mecnierebisaTvis ki ucnobia, Tu rogor JRerda mociqulTa

droindeli galoba. cnobilia, rom X-XI saukuniT daTariRebuli

paleobizantiuri xelnawerebi aqamde gauSifravia (doliZe, 2002:71).

qarTuli saeklesio mravalxmiani galobisa da qarTvelTa

kulturuli identobis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxze ufro vrclad,

uSualod kvlevis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT sakvalifikacio naSromis daskvniT

nawilSi visaubrebT. tradiciuli saeklesio mravalxmianobis, rogorc

kulturuli identobis erT-erTi Semadgeneli parametris Sesaxeb msjeloba,

erTis mxriv qarTul kulturas msoflio tradiciuli musikisa da

qristianuli galobis konteqstSi moiazrebs, meores mxriv ki sakuTriv am

kulturis matareblebs aZlevs imis SesaZleblobas, rom ukeT gaizaron da

Seicnon sakuTari identoba kulturuli mravalferovnebis globalur

sivrceSi.

41

Tavi meore

musikis anTropologia da qarTuli tradiciuli mravalxmianoba (kvlevis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi)

anTropologia, rogorc holisturi dargi, erTi mxriv sakvlevi

obieqtis farTo rakursiT danaxvis SesaZleblobas iZleva, meore mxriv ki

anTropologiis calkeuli mimarTulebebis safuZvelze warmoebuli kvleva,

sxvadasxva Sinaarsis mqone movlenebze dakvirvebis ufro axlo rakurss

gulisxmobs. anTropologis ZiriTadi `samuSao saaTebi” moicavs:

interviuebs, dakvirvebas, Canawerebis gakeTebas da adgilobriv

macxovreblebTan erTad aqtivobebSi monawileobas (Wagner, 1977:494), riTac

is momijnave dargebTan (eTnologia, folkloristika, eTnomusikologia),

meTodologiis kuTxiT arsebiT msgavsebas amJRavnebs.

musika, rogorc kacobriobis kulturis arsebiTi elementi da rogorc

adamianis qceva, siRrmiseulad – mis yvela aspeqtSi unda Seiswavlebodes.

XX saukuneSi, istoriuli musikologiis, rogorc mowinave dargis

arsebobis pirobebSi, musikis Seswavlis axali gzebisa da perspeqtivebis

Ziebis saWiroeba TvalsaCino gaxada (Yosihiko, Osamu, 1986:v). amasTan,

sagulisxmoa isic, rom musikologiis dargSi, kulturis istoriam

mniSvnelovani adgili daikava (Fulcher, 2011:3). galobis specialistebis mier

eTnomusikologisaTan da anTropologiasTan siaxlove, SedarebiT axali,

magram dasavlur samecniero literaturaSi ukve damkvidrebuli praqtikaa

(Borders, 2011:17). Myovelive amis fonze calke ganxilvis sagnad iqca

musikologiisa da eTnomusikologiis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxic (Samson,

2008:24). problema amgvaradac ki daisva: musikologia eTnomusikologiis

ganStoebaa, Tu piriqiT? SemoTavazebis doneze, musikologiis magivrad,

rogorc dargis alternatiuli gansazRvreba musikis mecniereba dasaxelda

(Cook, 2008:66-67). erTgvari protestis gamoxatviT iwyeba miSel bigenos

statia saxelwodebiT Why I’m Not and Ethnomusicologist: A View from Anthropology

(ratom ar var eTnomusikologi: xedva anTropologiidan), sadac avtori

42

pirad gamocdilebas gviziarebs. misi TqmiT, yovel jerze, rodesac is

axsenebs, rom misi Seswavlis sagani musikis kuTxiT – boliviuri erovnuli

da eTnikuri identobiaa, mas maSinve `eTnomusikologis iarilys akereben”,

rasac is kategoriulad ewinaaRmdegeba. `yvelaze martivi pasuxi imaze, Tu

ratom ar var eTnomusikologi, imaSi mdgomareobs, rom kvalifikaciiT me

anTropologi gaxlavarT”, Tumca sxvaoba gacilebiT Rrmaa, vidre sabuTSi

Cawerili specialoba, rac sxva parametrebTan erTad, am or mimarTulebaSi

musikis Sesaxeb arsebul ideologiaSi unda veZioT (Bigenho, 2008:28).

musikalur disciplinaTa kompentenciisa da saxelwodebebis garkvevis

sakiTxi imdenad aqtualur fazaSi Sevida, rom calke statia mieZRvna Temas

– saWiroa Tu ara TavsarTi `eTno...”, an bolosarTi “...ologia” (Nooshin,

2008:71). musikis dargisadmi interess, XXI saukunis – internetis epoqis

konteqstSi ganixilavs a. vudi da aRniSnavs, rom 2003 wlis ivnisSi,

rodesac man google-is saZiebo velSi sityva `musika” akrifa daaxloebiT

112,000,000 Sesatyvisi masala amovida, xolo 2005 wlis seqtembrisaTvis es

ricxvi 389,000,000-mde gaizarda, rac internetSi musikasTan dakavSirebuli

aqtivobebis mkveTr zrdaze miuTiTebs (Wood, 2008:170).

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, anTropologTa mier musikiT dainteresebis

erT-erTi mTavari areali eTnomusikologiasa da musikologiaze,

eTnikurobis Teoriebis gavlenasa da am ukanasknelis zemoaRniSnul

musikalur dargebTan arsebul kavSirSi mdgomareobs. Tumca,

anTropologebis mier musikisT dainteresebis upirates mizezad musikaluri

Semsruleblobis socialuri sawyisi migvaCnia, rasac alan lomaqsis qvemoT

moyvanili citatac exmaureba: `sasimRero stili, es aris adamianis mier

Seswavlili qmedebis erT-erTi modeli. mRera, komunikaciis gansakuTrebuli

aqtia, romlic metyvelebas waagavs, magram am ukanasknelze metad

organizebulia. rogorc maRali kategoria – mRera adamianTa jgufebs

izidavs; ukve primitiul sazogadoebaSi jgufuri qmedebis,

Tanamonawileobis survili arsebobs. simReris ZiriTadi funqcia –

gaziarebuli emociebisa da grZnobebis gamoxatva, swored erToblivi

43

aqtivobis Sedegad ganisazRvreba, imis miuxedavad iqneba es gunduri

Sesruleba Tu ara.“ (Lomax, 1976:3).

winamdebare TavSi aucilebel pirobad miviCnie im fundamenturi

eTnomusikologiuri da anTropologiuri Sromebis ganxilva, romlebic

swored musikis socialur mxares exeba. aRniSnuli Sromebis erToblivi

ganxilva, qarTul humanitarul da musikologiur mecnierebebSi pirvelad

xdeba, arada maTi mniSvneloba am dargSi ganuzomelia da rogorc

kulturuli anTropologiiT, ise eTnomusikologiiTa Tu musikologiiT

dainteresebul mkvlevarTaTvis udavo fundaments unda warmoadgendes.

ufro metic, sasurvelia es konkretuli Sromebi qarTulad iTargmnos da

gamoices, raTa maTSi aRbeWdili masala yvela qarTveli specialistisaTvis

Tanabrad xelmisawvdomi iyos.

Awignis – The Anthropology of Music (musikis anTropologia)

winasityvaobaSi, alan p. meriemi wers, rom winamdebare naSromi, kulturuli

anTropologiisa da eTnomusikologiis irgvliv arsebuli sakiTxebis

Sesaxeb, studentebTan da kolegebTan erTad 15 wliani fiqrisa da

msjelobis Sedegia. avtori aRniSnavs, rom am or disciplinas Soris

dadgenili sazRvrebi yovelTvis mkafio ar aris da albaT arc unda iyos.

misive TqmiT, eTnomusikologiuri kvlevisas, ZiriTadi aqcentebi musikis

JReradobasa da struqturaze keTdeba, rac am disciplinaSi musikologiis

komponents mniSvnelovanwilad gansazRvravs. rac Seexeba eTnomusikologiis

anTropologiur aspeqts, igi nakleb ganviTarebuli da rac ufro

mniSvnelovania – nakleb gaazrebuli, vidre eTnomusikologiis

musikologiuri komponenti. a. meriemi yuradRebas amaxvilebs

eTnomusikologiaSi musikologiuri midgomebis didi masStabiT

gamoyenebaze, rac misi azriT mniSvnelovan Sedegs iZleva, Tumca es Sedegi

saboloo ar aris da dananebiT aRniSnavs, rom iSviaTad svamen iseT

SekiTxvebs, romelic musikas – adamianis qcevasTan da am ukanasknelis

aRqmis unarTan akavSirebs (Merriam, 1964:vii-viii). a. meriemis Cem mier

ganxiluli naSromis pirveli redaqcia 1964 wels gamoqveynda, avtoris mier

44

dasmuli sakiTxebi ki dRemde inarCunebs aqtualobas, radgan musikis

anTropologiis samecniero aparati saboloo saxiT jerac ar

Camoyalibebula, garkveul cvlilebebs igi mudmivad ganicdis, rac pirvel

rigSi, misi ama Tu im individualuri masalis kvlevis dargTan

SesabamisobaSi moyvanas ukavSirdeba. qarTul mecnierebaSi, musikisadmi

anTropologiuri midgoma, dasavlur mecnierebasTan SedarebiT ufro axali

movlenaa. Tumca qarTveli eTnomusikologebis mier musikologiisa da

eTnologiis mimarTulebaTa erToblivi gamoyenebis samecniero praqtika

didi xania arsebobs. rac Seexeba uSualod musikis anTropologias, am

TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos avstraliaSi moRvawe qarTveli

mkvlevris, ioseb Jordanias Sromebi, rasac qvemoT SevexebiT.

a. meriemi aRniSnavs, rom musikologs SesaZloa gacilebiT meti mizezi

qondes saimisod, rom kvlevis anTropologiur midgomebs mimarTos, vidre

mas warmoudgenia. meore mxriv, araeTnomusikolog anTropologs xSirad

acbunebs is didi proporcia musikis teqnikur mxaresTan dakavSirebuli

literaturisa, romelic anTropologis TvalTaxedvis miRmaa da amitom

xSirad miaCniaT, rom musikis teqnikur mxaresTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi

misi interesebis sferos scildeba. musikis anTropologia, moicavs

mimarTulebebs, romelic xelewifeba rogorc musikologs, ise

anTropologs. musikis anTropologi SesaZloa swavlobdes, rogorc

uSualod musikalur produqts, ise am produqtTan dakavSirebul

socialur-yofiT procesebs da ganixilavdes musikas, rogorc adamianis

naswavl qmedebas. meriemis TqmiT, xalxis azrovnebis, qmedebisa da axlis

Seqmnis gareSe musika ver iarsebebs. Misi azriT, es wigni aris mcdeloba

imisa, rom eTnomusikologiaSi arsebuli naprali amoivsos da Camoyalibdes

musikis, rogorc adamianis qcevis Seswavlis Teoriuli da meTodologiuri

CarCo-modeli (Merriam, 1964:viii). avtori – musikoss, sxva yvela individis

msgavsad sazogadoebis wevrad ganixilavs da wers, rom saqmianobidan

gamomdinare SesaZloa musikosi missave sociumSi garkveuli statusiT

sargeblobdes. mas aseve SesaZleblad miaCnia, rom musikosebma

gansakuTrebuli klasis an kastis formireba SeZlon, ganurCevlad imisa,

45

arian Tu ara isini profesionali musikosebi, miaRwies Tu ara maT dasaxul

mizans, aqvT maRali Tu dabali statusi, rogorc musikosebs – maT

aerTianebs gansazRvruli socialuri qceva, aseve is molodini da

stereotipebi, romelic farTo sazogadoebaSi maTTan dakavSirebiT

damkvidrda (Merriam, 1964:123).

am sferoSi arsebuli fundamenturi Sromebis aRniSvnisas, gvrds ver

avuvliT iseT avtors, rogoricaa jon bleqingi. Tavis SromaSi How Musical is

Man? (ramdenad musikaluria adamiani?) j. bleqingi miznad isaxavs ara

imdenad kacobriobis musikalobis Seswavlas, ramdenadac sxvadasxva

kulturis wiaRSi musikis formirebis miseuli gamocdilebis gaziarebas.

wignSi avtori im Sedegebs warmoadgens, romelic afrikuli tradiciuli

musikis Seswavlisas miiRo. SesavalSi j. bleqingi aRwers im gzas,

romelmac igi musikis anTropologiamde miiyvana. avtori sainteresod

mogviTxrobs im damokidebulebis Sesaxeb, romelic evropul klasikur

musikaze aRzrdil adamians, sxva (tradiciuli) musikis mimarT aqvs. man

bgerisa da JReradobis organizebis erTian sistemaSi Sexeda musikas,

ganurCevlad misi warmoSobisa da daaskvna, rom misTvis araviTari

sasargeblo gansxvaveba folk da art musikis gansazRvrebebs Soris aRar

arsebobs da dasZens, rom am terminebiT musikis saxeldeba mxolod

komerciuli TvalsazrisiT Tu iqneboda gamosadegi; `vendas xalxTa

musikalur sistemaze dakvirvebam maswavla, rom yvela musika folk musikaa

imdenad, ramdenadac igi xalxis gareSe ar arsebobs da musikaluri

stilebisa da teqnikis zedapiruli gansazRvra arafers gveubneba musikis

gamomsaxvelobiT miznebsa Tu misi Zalis Sesaxeb, aseve ar gvexmareba im

inteleqtualuri organizebis procesis danaxvaSi, romelic musikis Seqmnas

axlavs Tan” (Blacking, 1973:vi). jon bleqingis wigni 4 Tavs moicavs da maTi

Tanmimdevroba sarkiseburi – inversiis principiTaa agebuli: 1. adamianurad

organizebuli bgera (Humanly Organized Sound), 2. musika sazogadoebasa da

kulturaSi (Music in Society and Culture), 3. kultura da sazogadoeba muskaSi

(Culture and Society in Music), 4. bgerebiT organizebuli kacobrioba (Soundly

46

Organized Humanity). naSromis meore TavSi – musika sazogadoebasa da

kulturaSi, avtori Semdeg mosazrebas ayalibebs: imisaTvis rom gavarkvioT

Tu ra aris musika da ramdenad musikaluria adamiani, amis Sesaxeb,

nebismieri sazogadoebis farglebSi, uSualod imaT unda vkiTxoT, vinc

usmens, ukravs da mReris, radgan Cven sociumSi musikis funqcia

gvainteresebs (Blacking, 1973:32). aRniSnul mosazreba, winamdebare

sakvalifikacio naSroms exmianeba da safuZvels umyarebs imdenad,

ramdenadac Cven gvainteresebs erTi konkretuli tipis musika, rogorc

sociumis kulturuli identobis funqciis matarebeli erT-erTi

mimarTuleba. kidev erT, CvenTvis sagulisxmo azrs ukve amave naSromis

momdevno TavSi vkiTxulobT: `musikas SeuZlia sociumis damokidebuleba da

kognituri procesebi gadmosces, magram es mxolod maSinaa gamosadegi,

rodesac am informacias im adamianTa momzadebuli yuris ismens da

Rebulobs, romelTac Semoqmedis kulturuli da individualuri

gamocdilebis gaziarebis unari aqvT (Blacking, 1973:54).

kidev erTi fundameturi naSromi, romelic musikis anTropologiiT

dainteresebul mkvlevrebs gamoadgebaT aris samecniero statiebis krebuli

saxelwodebiT – Ethnomusicology – History, Definitions, and Scope (eTnomusikologia

– istoria, definiciebi [gansazRvrebani] da Tvalsawieri), romelSic wamyvan

mecnierTa mosazrebebia akumulirebuli. statiebis es krebuli

garkveulwilad dargis istoriasac asaxavs, radgan krebulSi Tavmoyrili

Sromebis 1909-1983 wlebis periods moicavs. rogorc gamocemis redaqtori,

qei qaufman Semelei SesavalSi aRniSnavs, eTnmousikologebs, didi xania rac

sxva humanitarul da samecniero mimarTulebebTan urTierTobis sakiTxi

aRelvebT.

wignSi Tavmoyrili statiebidan mxolod ramdenimes gamovyofT. 1963

wels gamoqveynebul SromaSi saxelwodebiT Ethnomusicology, The Field And The

Society (eTnomusikologia, dargi da sazogadoeba) saintereso cnobas

gvawvdis devid p. makalesteri, romelic eTnomusikologiisa da

anTropologiis, rogorc dargebis im droindel mdgomareobas amgvarad

47

aRwers: `sainteresoa, rom Cveni aTwleulis sawyis etapze, anTropologiis

mimarTulebaze eTnomusikologTaTavis sul ramdenime vakanturi pozicia

moiZebneboda, axla ki am poziciebis ricxvi musikis mimarTulebaze

sagrZnoblad gaizarda. faqtia, rom universitetebSi musikis mimarTulebebma

gamoiRviZes da mixvdnen, rom namdvili musika, msoflio fenomenia. axla

amerikis universitetebSi gacilebiT meti da didia musikis, vidre

anTropologiisa da sociologiis mimarTulebebi... meore mxriv ki

gacilebiT meti dafinanseba aqvs im proeqtebs, romelTa farglebSi musikis

kvleva anTropologiasTan kavSirSi warimarTeba” (McAllester, 1992:99).

1974 wels gamoqveynebul statiaSi Ethnomusicological Research And

Anthropology (eTnomusikologiuri kvleva da anTropologia) norma makleodi

aRniSnavs, rom musika, rogorc adamianis qcevis erT-erTi nairsaxeoba,

yvelaze ufro niuansirebuli da ganmeorebaze agebuli kulturuli

aqtivobaa (McLeod, 1992:147). amave avtoris TqmiT, 1882 wlamde aradasavluri

musika ZiriTadad mogzaurTa, mRvdelTa da misionerTa SromebSi

moixsenieboda. am mimarTulebiT pirveli praqtikuli savele-saqespedicio

samuSaoebis Catareba Teodore beikeris saxels ukavSirdeba. man

doqtorantura laifcigSi gaiara da daasrula sadisertacio naSromiT,

romelic amerikeli indielebis, kerZod ki senekas musikas – sakiTxis

Seswavlis istoriaSi pirvelad exeboda. AT. beikeris naSromi moicavda

informacias, rogorc uSualod musikis, ise misi kulturuli konteqstis

Sesaxeb; amasTan sagulisxmoa, rom masalis aRsawerad man dasavlur

musikaSi damkvidrebuli terminologia gamoiyena. n.Mmakleodi wers, rom 1954

wlidan mkvlevrebma, romlebic eTnomusikologiiT dainteresdnen,

TandaTanobiT gaiazres, rom maTi am mimarTulebiT kvleva udides amocanas

warmoadgenda. paragrafSi, romelSic avtori musikas mis kluturul

konteqstSi Seswavlas uZRvnis, sam ZiriTad principze amaxvilebs

yuradRebas: 1.Mmusikas – rac ar unda uwodos ama Tu im konkretulma

sazogadoebam, is Zalze Tanmimdevrulia; 2. sadac ar unda warmoCindes,

musika yovelTvis garkveul rituals ukavSirdeba; 3. musika konteqstis

48

mimarT yovelTvis mgrZnobiarea (McLeod, 1992:156). statiis dasaruls avtori

dasZens, rom musikis anTropologiuri kvlevis potenciali Zalian didia,

xolo im eTnomusikologebis raodenoba, romlebic anTropologiur

midgomebs floben, sakmaod SezRuduli.

amave krebulSi mocemulia 1958 wlis 29 da 30 dekembers, bostonsa da

kembrijSi gamarTuli diskusiis masalebi.PdiskusiaSi, (pirveli sxdoma

saxelwodebiT saiT midis eTnomusikologia, Whither Ethnomusicology, meore

sxdoma saxelwodebiT eTnomusikologiis TvalTaxedva da miznebi, The Scope

and Aims of Ethnomusicology) am sferos wamyvani specialistebi monawileobdnen;

vinaidan es masala sakmaod Rirebulia da gamomdinare iqidan, rom diskusia

dargis irgvliv arsebul problematikas da mis imdroindel mdgomareobas

exeba, sxdomaze gamoTqmul mosazrebaTa mcire nawils winamdebare

naSromSic moviyvan.

m. kolinskis azriT Tavad dargis saTauri problematuria, radgan is

ucxo kulturaTa musikis Seswavlas gulisxmobs; koreel students SeuZlia

mocartis musika Seiswavlos da amas eTnomusikologia daarqvas. m. kolinski

damswreT axsenebs alan meriemis sityvebs: `Cveni sfero interdisciplinuria

da igi humanitarul mecnierebebsa da socialur mecnierebebs Soris

imyofeba”... b. netli Tavis mxriv `musikalur areals” ganixilavs da

masalisa Tu mopovebuli informaciis organizebaze saubrobs. misi azriT,

am saqmeSi `kulturuli arealis” koncefciasTan erTad, romelic,

anTropologiaSi sakmaod gamosadegi aRmoCnda da eTnomusikologebic

miizida, geografiuli arealis gamoyenebac ar iqneboda urigo. C. sigeris

TqmiT eTnomusikologia `ucxo”-s konotaciis mqonea. mecnieri svams

SekiTxvas – gulisxmobs Tu ara dargi musikis mxolod mis kulturul

konteqstSi Seswavlas? Semdeg Tavadve dasZens – naTelia, rom unda

SeviswavloT rogorc musika, ise musika mis kulturul konteqstSi da amas

musikologia ewodeba. C. sigeri ganmartavs, rom yvela arsebuli musika

kulturis wiaRSi cocxlobs; maSin ratom viyenebT termin

`eTnomusikologias?”. avtoris azriT, amis mizezi is aris, rom musikis

49

istorikosebma es marTebuli termini `musikologia” miisakuTres,

miuxedavad imisa, rom isini msoflio musikis mxolod garkveul nawils da

isic sakmaod viwro kuTxiT swavloben, xolo pirvelad wyaros ki zurgi

Seaqcies.10

filip v. bolmani wers, rom msoflio xalxTa musika (World Music)

SeiZleba vuwodoT: folklorul musikas, art-musikas, an rogorc Cven mas

vuwodebT – seriozul musikas (igulisxmeba mxatvruli Sinaarsisa da

informaciis matarebeli musika) da aseve popularuli musika. msoflio

xalxTa musikasTan dakavSirebuli adamianebi SesaZloa iyvnen rogorc

profesionali, ise moyvaruli musikosebi. msoflio musikis konteqsti

SesaZloa iyos religiuri, sekularuli, an komerciuli. zogierT

SemTxvevaSi, msoflio musikis Semsruleblobis auTenturi sawyisebi

SesaZloa wina planze iyo wamoweuli. Zvelma gansazRvrebebma aqtualoba

dakarga da Sesabamisad msoflio musika SesaZloa iyos rogorc dasavluri

ise aradasavluri (musikismcodneobaSi damkvidrebuli terminia

`araevropuli musika”, e.d.); msoflio xalxTa musika SesaZloa iyos

akustikuri an eleqtronuli. msoflio musika mWidro kavSirSia,

gansasazRvrad aseve rTul fenomenTan, romelic Cveni drois maxasiaTebelia

da romelsac globalizacia qvia (Bohlman, 2002:i). f. bolmanis naSromi

erTgvar narativs warmoadgens. islamis magaliTze avtori musikis da

religiis kavSirs ganixilavs. bolmanis mier simRera aRwerilia, rogorc

xelovneba, romelic ama Tu im ers saerTaSoriso asparezze waradgens.

wigni araerT saintereso ambavs mogviTxrobs da sxva aqtualur sakiTxebTan

erTad, musikisa da diasporis urTierTkavSirsac exeba. avtori aRniSnavs,

rom musikis Zala adamianebSi erovnul TviTSegnebas aRvivebs. eris

TiToeuli moqalaqe siamovnebas Rebulobs im kulturuli memkvidreobiT,

romelTan urTierTobis saSualebasac mas simRera aZlevs. msoflios

10

diskusiis sruli versia ixileT: Anonymus, “Whither Ethnomusicology?” “The Scope and Aims of

Ethnomusicology” (Two panel discussions held in 1958); krebulSi: Ethnomusicology – History, Definition, And

Scope. A Core Collection of Scholarly Articles. Edited by Kay Kaufman Shelemey. Garland Publishing, Inc. New York

& London 1992. gv.gv 55-61.

50

sxvadasxva xalxi, erovnuli musikis saerTaSoriso scenaze gamotaniT,

musikis universalurobas zeimobs. gza individualuri musikaluri

identobebidan – msoflio musikamde, swored xalxze gadis; saqme gvaqvs

kulturul da istoriul gzajvaredinebTan, romelic adgilobrivi arealis

miRma, globalur sivrceSi arsebobs (Bohlman, 2002:92-93). da bolos,

imisaTvis, rom winamdebare SromaSi srulad da imavdroulad lakoniurad

Sevexo f. bolmanis – CemTvis am sagulisxmo naSromis yvela arsebiT mxares,

moviyvan sakiTxTa im nusxas, romelic misi wignis Sesaval nawilSia

mocemuli. esEsakiTxebia:

1. msoflio xalxTa musikis gacnoba

2. istoriuli da Teoriuli mimoxilva

3. musikosis profili

4. Sinaarsisa da identobis esTetikuri mxareebi

5. eTnomusikologis an msoflio musikis mklevarTa jgufis profili

6. eTnografiuli awmyo da popularuli musika (Bohlman, 2002:vii). f.

bolmani erT-erTi im avtorTagania, romelic musikis anTropologebs,

calke dargis specialistebad moixseniebs (Bohlman, 2009:12).

vinaidan Cemi kvlevis interess koleqtiuri musikaluri azrovnebis

Sedegad miRebuli vokaluri mravalxmianoba da misi erT-erTi

mimarTulebis, kerZod ki saeklesio galobis TvalsazrisiT arsebuli

mdgomareoba warmoadgens, erTi mxriv qarTul tradiciul mravalxmianobasa

da mis zogierT aspeqts, meore mxriv ki uSualod qarTuli saeklesio

galobis warmoSobis savarudo periodsa da zemoaRniSnul orive sakiTxTan

dakavSirebul ZiriTad samecniero literaturas mimovixilav. moviSvelieb

eTnomusikolog izali zemcovskis mosazrebas, rom: `mravalxmianobis

movlena pirovnebebis Tanaarsebobas gulisxmobs. am TvalsazrisiT,

polofinia SeiZleba miCneul iqnas adamianis cxovrebis idealur

gamoxatulebad... bunebrivia, Cven ar SegviZlia miviRoT es idea yoveldRiur

realobaSi, magram erTad mReris procesSi Cven gvaqvs saSualeba

ganvicadoT es srulyofileba da gavxdeT is, vinc varT (zemcovski, 2003:43).

51

gverds ver avuvli i. zemcovskis mier mecnierebaSi Semotanil iseT

gansazRvrebas rogoric aris `Homo polyphonicus“-i, anu adamianis

gansakuTrebuli saxeoba, romelsac ramdenime xmaze mReris unari aqvs. am

gansazRvrebis avtori – izali zemcovski aRniSnavs, rom `mravalxmianoba,

rogorc mentaluri da SemecnebiTi fenomeni, mxolod gunds an musikosebis

jgufs ar miekuTvneba. Tu mravalxmianoba, marTlac cnobilia am

tradiciasTan mimarTebiT da Seadgens mis sicocxlisunarian nawils, is

Cndeba, rogorc Tandayolili Tviseba da ganuyofel atributs warmoadgens

TiToeuli Homo polyphonicus-isa... aRmoCnda, rom WeSmariti vokaluri

polifonia gamoxatavs, musikis Seqmnis procesis yvela monawilis mentalur

polifonias, anu Homo polyphonicus-Ta mravalxmian erTxmianobas. es fenomeni

iseTive socialuria, rogorc musika (zemcovski, 2003:37). avtori iqve dasZens:

`darwmunebuli var, rom adamianebis es saxeoba dedamiwaze araTanabrad

gansaxlda...“ (zemcovski, 2003:35).

qarTvelTa mravalxmiani azrovneba, i. zemcovskis zemoxsenebuli

gansazRvrebis konteqsts, mkvlevris mier yvela parametris gaTvaliswinebiT

miesadageba, radgan misi saxiT msoflio xalxTa tradiciul musikas,

mravalxminobis TviTmyofadi da originaluri forma moepoveba. Tavad

zemcovskis TqmiT: `qarTuli mravalxmianoba, romelsac ver gavbede am

statiaSi Sevxebodi, SesaZloa saukeTeso modeli iyos aseTi mraval-

azrovnebis SeswavlisaTvis“ (zemcovski, 2003:43).

rogorc cnobilia, arsebobs socialuri da funqciuri mravalxmianobis

formebi. socialuri mravalxmianobis forma iseT Sesrulebas gulisxmobs,

romelSic ori, an orze meti adamiani monawileobs da isini erT xmaSi

mRerian. funqciuri mravalxmianobis dros ki funqciurad damoukidebeli

xmebis TanxmovanebasTan gvaqvs saqme, maSasadame am formaSic araerTi

adamiani Rebulobs monawileobas. qarTuli tradiciuli mravalxmianobis

arsisa da warmomavlobis ganxilvisas vfiqrobT metad sagulisxmoa Semdegi:

qarTuli tradiciuli mravalxmianoba warmoadgens socialur-funqciuri

mravalxmianobis iseT formas, romelic ramdenime Semsruleblis mier

52

SemoqmedebiTi individualobis urTierTgaziarebis Sedegia. am procesSi

adamianTa Soris siaxlovis, urTierTdamokidebulebis garkveuli xasiaTi

da principi – gansxvavebulobiT miRweuli erTianoba vlindeba.

qarTuli tradiciuli musikis mkvlevari da praqtikosi malxaz

erqvaniZe wers, rom `qarTvel ers erovnul Tvisebad siwrfele, guliTadoba

da siyvaruli jer kidev warmarTobidan gaaCnda. es Tvisebebia swored

qarTuli mravalxmiani musikis ZiriTadi mamoZravebeli Zalac da

saidumloc“ (erqvaniZe, 2002:91).

qarTuli mravalxmiani hangis warmoSobis sakiTxs eZRvneba mzia

iaSvilis naSromi – `qarTuli mravalxmianobis sakiTxisaTvis”, sadac

gaSuqebulia mravalxmianobis, rogorc qarTuli musikis dasabamieri

Tvisebis problema. avtori bgeraT rigis konkretul safexurebze da

akordul vertikalze amaxvilebs yuradRebas, raTa gansazRvros

mravalxmianobis Casaxvisa da misi formebis evoluciis procesis

mamoZravebeli faqtorebi (iaSvili, 1975).

wignSi `meoce saukunis qarTuli musika – TviTmyofadoba da

RirebulebiTi orientaciebi” rusudan wurwumia mravalxmianobas qarTuli

tradiciuli musikaluri azrovnebis ZiriTad kategoriad

ganixilavs.Aavtori mkiTxvels im mosazrebebs acnobs, romlebic aRniSnuli

azrovnebis adreul etapebs Seexeba: `...sainteresoa samxmianobis warmoSobis

Sesaxeb arsebuli wyaroebi, Tumca aq Tvalsazrisebi arsebiTad erTmaneTs

emTxveva. jer kidev arayiSvilma SeniSna, rom zogierT samxmian simReraSi

zeda xma qvedas oqtavur-kvintur gaormagebas warmoadgens, oRond, rogorc

aslaniSvili wers, aqedan daskvna mxolod iv. javaxiSvilma gaakeTa sami

aTeuli wlis Semdeg da samxmianobis es forma – maRali bani,

orxmianobidan samxmianobaSi gardamaval safexurad miiCnia. 11 amasve

adasturebs mzia iaSvilic Tavis gamokvlevaSi da Sesabamisi magaliTebic

11

avtori imowmebs: aslaniSvili, S., qarTuli xalxuri simReris narkvevebi, wigni I. Tbilisi: xelovneba 1954, gv. 9.

53

mohyavs. 12 samxmianobis xanierebaze, cxadia, zust miniSnebas veravin akeTebs,

Tumca, Cemi azriT, SesaZlebelia qarTuli mravalxmianobis Camoyalibebis

sazRvrad Cvens welTaRricxvamde VI-IV saukuneebi miviCnioT, roca

varaudoben, rom ukve gamoikveTa qarTuli musikaluri sistemis ormagi –

kvarta-kvinturi orientacia, 13 romelmac gansazRvra misi kilo-harmoniuli

Taviseburebebi da ganapiroba am sistemis originaluri, sxva sistemebisgan

sruliad gansxvavebuli saxe, Cvens dromde rom SeinarCuna” (wurwumia,

2005:54-55).

sainteresoa, rom rogorc aRmosavleT qristianuli, ise dasavleT

qristianuli tradiciis monodiuri galobisagan gansxvavebiT qarTulma

saeklesio galobam, samxmianobis originaluri forma SeimuSava. erTi mxriv,

warmarTuli, xolo meores mxriv ki qristianuli kulturis

kanonzomierebaTa urTierTqmedebis gziT, qarTul sagalobelSi – qarTuli

tradiciuli musikaluri azrovnebis umTavresi maxasiaTebeli –

mravalxmianoba gansxeulda. qarTuli xalxuri musikis mkvlevari,

eTnomusikologi evsevi WoxoneliZe aRniSnavs: `marTalia, qristianobam ver

SeZlo yovelive warmarTulis srulad aRmofxvra, rasac qarTvel is-

torikosTa, eTnografTa, folkloristTa araerTi safuZvliani gamokvleva

adasturebs, magram, rogorc udavod progresulma movlenam da saxelmwifos

mfarvelobaSi myofma religiam, niadagi gamoacala warmarTuli kultebisa

da dogmebad qceuli wesebis tradiciul monopolias... rogorc cnobilia,

qristianobasTan erTad saqarTveloSi saeklesio musikac Semovida, romelic

`ebrauli fsalmodiebis msgavsi berZnuli galobiT iyo warmodgenili”

(WoxoneliZe, 2003:101-102).

am TvalsazrisiT, metad sagulisxmo cnobas gvawvdis daviT maCabeli,

razec ivane javaxiSvili qarTul musikaTmcodneobaSi arsebul pirvel

fundamentur SromaSi qarTuli musikis istoriis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi

saubrobs: `daviT maCablis azriT, qarTvelebi `pirvelsave qristianobaSi”

12

avtori imowmebs: iaSvili, m., qarTuli mravalxmianobis sakiTxisaTvis, Tbilisi: ganaTleba 1975, gv.gv. 84-86. 13

avtori imowmebs: mamisaSvili, n., qarTuli musikaluri azrovnebis saTaveebTan. JurnalSi: literatura da xelovneba, 1992, gv.gv. 188-189.

54

rom konstantinepoliTgan sarwmunoeba miiRes, iqiTganve `galobisaca”

SemomRebi iyvnen, magram SemdegSi `ganuviTarebiaT igi Tavis sakuTars

gemozed”. monastrebSi aTasobiT Tavmoyrilni mamanic ecdebodnen amisTvis.

TviT `wmidaTa cametTa mamaTagan, asureTiT mosulTa, romelTac didis

RuawliT uRuawniaT saqarTvelos keTilad mdgomareoba”, safiqrebelia, rom

`ar dautevebdnen galobasaca, ar moeyuanaT didsa sisruleSi”-o. mravlad

moRvawe gulmodgine muSaobis wyalobiT, `SeiZleba vsTquaTca, rom kidevac

aris sakuTari qarTuli galoba moyuanili didsa sisruleSi”-o... d.

maCabeli fiqrobda, rom saberZneTiTgan SeTvisebuli berZnuli Zveli

saeklesio galoba TavianT `sakuTars gemozed” qarTuli saero simRerebis

zegavleniT SeucvliaT...“ (javaxiSvili, 1990:8-9).

rusudan wurwumias TqmiT: „is, rasac dRes Cven Zvel qarTul profesiul

musikas vuwodebT, warmoadgens vokalur polifonias, romelic arsebiTad

qarTuli warmarTuli mravalxmiani sasimRero kulturis mier bizantiuri

qristianuli monodiuri himnebis aRqmis Sedegad miviReT. saqarTveloSi

qristianobis gavrcelebisTanave RvTismsaxurebis wesTan erTad Semosuli

bizantiuri erTxmiani galoba, romelTa saTaveebi, rogorc cnobilia,

Zvelebraul himnebSi Zevs, TandaTan iRebs qarTuli musikaluri

azrovnebisTvis Cveul mravalxmian formebs. mecnierebs miaCniaT, rom Zveli

profesiuli vokaluri polifoniis klasikuri samxmianoba ukve X-XI

saukuneebisaTvis Camoyalibda. am mosazrebis damamtkicebel sabuTad, ioane

petriwis mier “xmaTa Seyovlebis“ samxmiani tradiciisa da xmebis

originaluri qarTuli saxelebi (mzaxri, Jiri da bami) moaqvT“ (wurwumia,

2005:71-72). avtori varauds gamoTqvams, rom „saqarTveloSi berZnul

kanonikur hangebTan erTad farTod iyo gavrcelebuli qarTuli eklesiis

mier kanonikurad Seracxuli originaluri hangebic da grigol xanZTelis,

ioane minCxis, ioane mtbevaris, ioane zosimes, miqail modrekilisa da sxva

qarTvel himnografTaA originaluri poeturi qmnilebebi aseve avtoriseul

originalur hangebze iyo gawyobili. am periodSi, roca literaturuli

Zeglebi erovnuli suliskveTebiT ganimsWvaleba, musikalur ZeglebSi es

suliskveTeba polifoniur wyobaSi gamoixateba“ (wurwumia, 2005:72-73).

55

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, qarTuli mravalxmiani musikaluri azrovnebis

SeswavlaSi gadamwyveti roli aqvs me-11 saukuneSi moRvawe qarTveli

filosofosis ioane petriwis mosazrebas xmaTa saxelwodebebis `mzaxri,

Jiri, bami”-s Sesaxeb. misi Txzulebis – `ganmartebai proklesaTuis

diadoxosisa da platonurisa filosofiisaTuis” mravalwliani kvlevis

Sedegad nino fircxalava askvnis: `petriwma erovnuli musikaluri

cnobierebis dialeqtikas naTeli mohfina da mravalxmiani simReris xiblis

saidumlos Caswvda.Ees saidumlo – mravalxmad azrovnebaSi danaxuli man

qristianuli samebis anareklad gamoacxada da qristianul liturgikaSi sam

xmaze galobis kanonikuroba daadastura. ioane petriwma Tavisi Txzuleba

aTi saukunis win Seqmna. `ganmartebanis”, rogorc argumentis Rirebuleba –

qarTuli mravalxmianobis TavisTavadobisa da xnierebis kvlevis saqmeSi,

Tavad sakvlevi obieqtis – qarTuli mravalxmianobis maRalmxatvruli

Rirebulebis Sesabamisi da tolfasia” (fircxalava, 2003:116-117).

statiaSi – hipoTezebi qarTuli mravalxmianobis Camoyalibebis

procesis Sesaxeb, eTnomusikologi Tamaz gabisonia aRniSnavs, rom

mkvlevarTagan am problemisadmi gansakuTrebuli interesi g. CxikvaZis, S.

aslaniSvilis da i. Jordanias naSromebs ukavSirdeba, da rom yuradrebis

centrSi eqceoda rogorc sazogadod mravalxmianobis – orxmianobis

warmoSobis sakiTxi, aseve – orxmianobidan samxmian struqturaze

gadanacvlebis meqanizmi. avtori dasZens, rom `am ukanasknels SedarebiT

mkafiod gamokveTili hipoteza mieZRvna. qarTvel mkvlevarTa namuSevrebis

mixedviT ikveTeba qarTuli mravalxmianobis, kerZod – orxmianobisa da

samxmianobis – Camoyalibebis sami savaraudo mimarTuleba:

a) arsebuli xmis TanamJReri axali, sxva xmis gamoCena;

b) gansxvavebuli funqciisa da poziciis ukve arsebul urTierTmonacvle

xmaTa vertikalSi Serwyma;

g) xmis Semateba sxvadasxva xerxebiT Tanadroulad;

gansakuTrebiT aqtualurad miviCnevT mesame mimarTulebas: marTlac, ratom

ar unda davuSvaT erTdroulad ramdenime gza mravalxmianobis saxeobaTa

Camoyalibebisa?“ (gabisonia, 2005:68).

56

amave avtoris gansazRvrebiT: `qarTuli xalxuri tradiciis

magaliTze dayrdnobiT, mravalxmianobis faqtis ZiriTadi pirobebi Semdegia:

1. SemsrulebelTa Tanamuzicirebis mizanimarTuli iniciativa;

2. funqcionalurad damoukidebeli minimum ori xmis faqti;

3. dasrulebuli musikaluri azris mqone frazis farglebi;

4. mxolod vokaluri an sakravieri Sesruleba...

am pirobaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, vecdebiT CamovayaliboT tradiciuli

mravalxmianobis gansazRvris Cveneuli versia: mravalxmianoba aris

ganzraxuli vokaluri an sakravieri Tanamuzicirebis saxeoba, romelSic

minimum ori funqcionalurad damoukidebeli xma dasrulebuli musikaluri

azris mqone struqturas SeimuSavebs“ (gabisonia, 2008:74).

samecniero publikaciaSi – zogi ram qarTuli tradiciuli

mravalxmianobis Sesaxeb, eTnologi da eTnomusikologi nino maisuraZe

CvenTvis sagulisxmo mosazrebas gamoTqvams imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom

`musikaluri monacemebiT kavkasiis teritoriaze odesRac mosaxle

monaTesave tomebs emTxveva zogadad, qarTveluris saxelwodebiT xsenebuli

tomebi, romelTa gavrcelebis areali, rogorc Cans, TandaTan izRudeboda.

niSandoblivia, rom am monaTesave tomTa musikaluri azrovnebis

mravalxmianobis formebis ganviTarebis Tanmimdevrul, uwyvet suraTs

mxolod qarTuli masala iZleva, romelTanac mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli

Crdilokavkasiuri musikaluri enebi rogorc genetikurad, ise kluturul-

istoriuli kavSirebiT” (maisuraZe, 2003:287). 1953 wliT daTariRebul

narkvevSi dimitri arayiSvilis cxovreba da samecniero moRvaweoba,

eTnografi giorgi Citaia aRwers: `Tavis erT-erT ukanasknel naSroms d.

arayiSvili imiT iwyebs, rom ocdaaTi wlis winaT man iwinaswarmetyvela,

rom qarTuli musikiT dainteresda ruseTisa da evropis samecniero-

musikaluri sazogadoeba. amJamad am wreebSi aRiareben, rom qarTuli

musikaluri kulturis problemebs uaRresad didi mniSvneloba aqvs

evropisa da wina aziis kulturuli moZraobis asaxsnelad. axal SromebSi

avtori Tavis ZiriTad debulebas mravalgzis ubrundeba da axali

sabuTianobiT cdilobs is daamtkicos” (Citaia, 2001:28). amrigad, saqarTvelo,

57

erTi mxriv kavkasiis regionis, xolo meore mxriv ki msoflio musikis

konteqstSi `Homo polyphonicus“-is erT-erTi samSoblod gvevlineba da

vfiqrobT mniSvnelovania gamoiyos Semdegi:

1. eTnosmena – romelic tradiciuli musikaluri azrovnebis mniSvnelovan

elements Seadgens. amis erT-erTi magaliTia samSoblos sazRvrebs miRma

myofi adamiani, romelsac mSobliuri tradiciuli hangis smenisas,

samSoblosadmi ltolva da nostalgia umZafrdeba. Sesabamisad,

eTnosmenis meSveobiT, is sakuTari Tavis erovnul da kulturul

identifikacias axdens.

2. mravalxmianobis, rogorc komunikaciis originaluri forma, romelic

dakavSirebulia adamianTa Soris urTierTsiaxlovesTan,

urTierTgaziarebasTan, solidarobis SegrZnebasTan da erTobasTan;

tradiciuli hangi warmogvidgeba, rogorc erisaTvis saziaro

substancia, ganurCevlad imisa, aqvs Tu ara ama Tu im adamians

musikaluri niWi da ganaTleba. yovelive zemoT aRwerili jgufur

unisonur SesrulebaSic arsebobs, magram funqciur mravalxmianobaSi,

saqme gvaqvs funqciurad damoukidebeli xmebis Sedegad warmoqmnil

erTianobasTan, rodesac TiToeuli Semsruleblis roli, gansakuTrebiT

mTqmelisa da moZaxilis (solistebis), unisonur SesrulebasTan

SedarebiT met datvirTvasa da esTetikur mravalferovnebas iZens.

3. mravalazrovneba – `Homo polyphonicus“-is Tvisebaa. amgvari azrovnebis

erT-erT magaliTs warmoadgenen qarTveli momReral-mgaloblebi, sruli

mgaloblebi. TvalsaCinoebisTvis sakmarisia artem erqomaiSvilis figura

movigonoT, romelmac gardacvalebamde erTi wliT adre, 1966 wels (79

wlis asakSi), folklorist kaxi rosebaSvilis miwveviT, or

magnitofonze, asze meti sagalobeli Cawera (SuRliaSvili, 2002:III).

artem erqomaiSvili – jer Tqmas, Semdeg moZaxils da bolos bans

ambobda; Cven gvaqvs araerTi mizezi vivaraudodT, rom im momentSi,

rodesac is erT xmas asrulebda, danarCeni xmebi mis gonebaSi JRerda.

58

eTnologi da eTnomusikologi manana SilakaZe qarTuli mravalxmianobis

erT umniSvnelovanes aspeqtze amaxvilebs yuradRebas, rac vfiqrob,

qarTuli tradiciuli musikis esoden mdidari intonaciuri fondis erT-

erTi mTavari ganmapirobebelia; m. SilakaZe aRniSnavs, rom `qarTuli

musikaluri folkloris arsebiT Taviseburebas mravalxmianobasTan erTad

mravaldialeqtianobac warmoadgens. saqarTvelos yoveli regionis

(istoriuli administraciuli-teritoriuli erTeulis), yoveli

eTnografiuli jgufis (erTi eTnosis Semadgeneli nawilis) musikaluri

Semoqmedeba warmoadgens garkveul musikalur-dialeqtologiur erTeuls,

sadac gamokveTilia mocemuli geografiuli arealis regionuli

musikaluri stili” (SilakaZe, 2003:389). statiaSi polifonia, rogorc

qarTuli tradiciuli musikaluri azrovnebis ZiriTadi kategoria –

rusudan wurwumia aRniSnavs: `qarTuli mravalxmianobis xanierebaze zusti

miTiTeba, cxadia, SeuZlebelia, magram is ki SeiZleba iTqvas, rom igi

qarTuli musikaluri kulturis ganviTarebis erT-erT uadres etapze –

warmarTul epoqaSi Camoyalibda, manam, sanam saqarTveloSi qristianoba

gamocxaddeboda saxelmwifo religiad (C.w. IV s.). ra gvaZlevs aseTi

mtkicebis uflebas? msjelobis logika aseTia: eTnosis erad Camoyalibebis

winapiroba erTian erovnul cnobierebaze damyarebuli kultruruli

erTianobaa. aseTi erTianoba, rogorc ideologiuri mrwamsi, ara mxolod

(da ara imdenad) Teoriulad gacnobierebuli, aramed praqtikuli

moRvaweobis impulsi, safuZvlad daedo qarTvelTa winaprebis swrafvas

erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifosken Zv. w. III saukuneSi. farnavazis qarTuli

saxelmwifo Seiqmna odesRac erTiani eTnikuri jgufis sxvadasxva eTnikur

jgufebad daqsaqsul qarTvelTa nebayoflobiT gaerTianebis Sedegad 14 rac

maT maRal erovnul-kulturul TviTSegnebaze metyvelebs. cnobiereba

mTliani movlenaa da amitom am droisaTvis erovnuli mxatvruli

cnobierebis Camoyalibebac unda vivaraudodT. am droisaTvis qarTuli

musikaluri azrovnebac unda yofiliyo Camoyalibebuli, rogorc garkveuli

14

avtori imowmebs: mroveli, l., cxovreba mefeTa, wignSi: qarTuli mwerloba. t.1. Tbilisi: nakaduli 1987.

59

musikalur-poeturi semantikis mqone sistema, romelsac originaluri

musikalur-gamomsaxvelobiTi struqtura, musikaluri masalis organizaciis

sakuTari principebi gaaCnda. am principebSi iyo realizebuli erovnuli

mxatvrul-esTetikuri azrovneba, romlis musikaluri maxasiaTeblebis –

intonaciis, ritmis, kilo-harmoniis specifikuroba akumulirebuli iyo

mravalxmian wyobaSi. TiTqos dRes Znelia vilaparakoT im uZvelesi

simRerebis TviTmyofadobaze, qarTvelTa winaprebi rom mRerodnen, magram

uZveles wyaroebSi (qsenofonte, Zv. w. V saukune) xazgasmiTaa aRniSnuli maTi

simRerebisa da cekvebis `raRac gansakuTrebuli yaidis” Sesaxeb. zogierTi

qarTveli mecnieri qsenofontes am cnobas warmarTuli qarTuli simRerebis

mravalxmianobis sabuTad miiCnevs, zogierTi – ara. marTlac, SeuZlebelia

imis mtkiceba, rom `gansakuTrebulobaSi” berZeni istorikosi

mravalxmianobas gulismxobda, magram is kia savaraudo, rom ukve im

droisaTvis qarTuli simRera mravalxmiani iyo, radgan am

`gansakuTrebulma” sasimRero kulturam ramdenime saukunis Semdeg mTels

monodiur qristianul samyaroSi gamorCeuli qarTuli mravalxmiani

galobis TviTmyofadi saxe ganapiroba. amrigad, Suasaukuneebis qristianul

musikalur kulturaSi qarTuli galobis unikalobas misi mravalxmiani

wyoba ganapirobebs” (wurwumia, 2003:91-92).

vexebiT ra mravalxmianobas musikis anTropologiis konteqstSi,

aucilebelia SevexoT eTnomusikolog ioseb Jordanias Sromebs, romlebic

am mimarTulebiT ara mxolod qarTuli, aramed msoflio mecnierebis

monapovaria. avtori ara mxolod qarTul, aramed msoflio xalxTa

mravalxmianobas Seiswavlis. i. Jordanias kvlevebis saerTaSoriso

mniSvnelobis erT-erTi dasturia fumio koicumis saxelobis prizi,

romliTac Jordania 2009 wels tokioSi dajildovda. aRsaniSnavia, rom

eTnomusikologiis dargSi, fumio koicumis saxelobis jildo yvelaze

maRalia, xolo qarTvelma mecnierma igi swored tradiciuli

mravalxmianobis kvlevis saqmeSi gaweuli RvawlisaTvis miiRo. Cem mier am

mkvlevris gamorCevis mTavari mizezi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom i. Jordania

iyo pirveli im qarTvel musikologTa Soris, romelmac profesiuli

60

musikaluri ganaTlebis miRebis Semdeg, anTropologiis Seswavlas mihyo

xeli.

vidre ioseb Jordanias monografiebs Sevexebode, moviyvan citatas i.

Jordanias erT-erTi statiidan, romelic winamdebare naSromis farglebSi

sagulisxmoa imdenad, ramdenadac is mravalxmianobisa da misi kvlevis

sakiTxs exeba; amasTan, statiaSi avtori sakiTxis kvlevis istoriasac

mimoixilavs: `bolo oriode wlis ganmavlobaSi dasavlur

eTnomusikologiaSi igrZnoba interesis gaRviZeba iseT zogad-Teoriuli

sakiTxebis mimarT, rogoricaa musikis warmoSoba, an eTnomusikologiur

kvlevaSi SedarebiTi meTodebis gamoyeneba. Tanamedrove msoflio

mecnierebis erT-erTi flagmanis, masaCusetsis teqnologiis institutis mier

2000 wels gamocemuli didtaniani tomi `musikis warmoSoba”, romlisTvisac

statiebi daweres sxvadasxva dargis mowinave mecnierebma, am mxriv axal

saintereso horizontebs saxavs musikologiaSi (ix. Wallin at all., 2000)…

SedarebiTi kvlevis meTodebis aRdgenis cda aSkara iyo 2001 wels rio de

JaneiroSi tradiciuli musikis saerTaSoriso sabWos mier Catarebul 36-e

msoflio konferenciaze. marTalia, rogorc es iqna aRniSnuli SedarebiTi

kvlevisadmi miZRvnil araoficialur Sexvedraze, SedarebiTi kvleva

moridebulad iyo warmodgenili konferenciaze, aRniSnuli Tematikis

gamoCena eTnomusikologTa yvelaze avtoritetul samecniero Tavyrilobaze

udidesi mniSvnelobis movlenad unda CaiTvalos. dRes, 21-e saukunis pirvel

wlebSi, Cven gacilebiT meti viciT msoflios tradiciuli mravalxmianobis

kerebis Sesaxeb, vidre es Cvenma kolegebma icodnen erTi an Tundac naxevari

saukunis win. marius Snaiderisa da mis TanamedroveTaTvis mravalxmianoba

warmoadgenda erTxmianobis ganviTarebis bunebriv Sedegs da

mravalxmianobis warmoSobis problema daiyvaneboda sakiTxebamde Tu sad,

rodis da ra gzebiT Caisaxa pirvelad es movlena, ris merec igi gavrcelda

msoflios mTel rig qveynebSi. sainteresoa, rom mravalxmianobis

erTxmianobidan warmoSobis idea arasdros yofila Camoyalibebuli

Teoriis an Tundac hipotezis saxiT. es iyo musikologebis saerTo rwmena,

romelsac araviTari dasabuTeba ar sWirdeboda – evoluciuri kibe erTi

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SexedviT ufro martivi movlenidan (erTxmianoba) ufro rTuli

movlenisaken (mravalxmianoba). mravalxmianobis warmoSobis Tanamedrove

midgoma unda ganixilavdes mravalxmianobas, upirveles yovlisa, rogorc

socialur movlenas, romelic uSualodaa dakavSirebuli adamianuri

sazogadoebisa da enis evoluciasTan. mravaldargobrivi midgoma

mravalxmianobis warmoSobis problemisadmi sasicocxlo mniSvnelobas

iZens. mTel rig dargebSi monacemTa dagroveba gvaZlevs saSualebas, rom

vokaluri mravalxmianobis sawyisebs axleburi TvaliT SevxedoT (Jordania,

2003:79).

amrigad, ioseb Jordania, am dargis dasavleli mecnierebis

kvaldakval mravalxmianobas ganixilavs, upirveles yovlisa, rogorc

socialur movlenas. mravalxmianobis warmoSobas igi SekiTxvis intonacias,

SekiTxvis fenomenis gaCenas ukavSirebs da miaCnia, rom adamianis

evoluciaSi es iyo gonebrivi da enobrivi revoluciis momenti.Ggarda

mravalxmianobis warmoSobisa, Jordania vokaluri mravalxmianobis kerebis

araTanabari gavrcelebis sakiTxs Seiswavlis. mokled mimovixilavT

avtoris sxvadasxva periodis Sromebs, raTa misi kvleviTi interesebis

areali da masStabi TvalsaCino gaxdes.

ioseb Jordanias pirveli monografiuli naSromia qarTuli

tradiciuli mravalxmianoba, mravalxmian kulturaTa saerTaSoriso

konteqstSi (mravalxmianobis genezisis sakiTxisaTvis) – Грузинское

традиционное многоголосие в международном контексте многоголосных культур (к вопросу

генезиса многоголосия), romelic 1989 wels rusul enaze gamoica. wignSi avtori

aRniSnavs, rom zepiri tradiciis mqone mravalxmianobis Seswavla

msoflioSi erT-erTi aqtualuri sakiTxia da is WeSmaritad globalur

samecniero amocanas warmoadgens. naSromSi ori ZiriTadi nawilisagan

Sedgeba. esenia: 1. qarTuli tradiciuli mravalxmiani musikis Teoriis

ZiriTadi sakiTxebi, romelic Tavis mxriv or Tavs – struqurul

kanonzomierebs da formaqmnadobis kanonzomierebs moicavs; 2. xalxur

mravalxmian kulturaTa SedarebiTi Seswavlis gamocdileba (qarTuli

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mravalxmianobis fenomeni mis saerTaSoriso konteqstSi), romelic aseve

ori Tavisagan Sedgeba – tradiciuli mravalxmianobis regionuli stilebi

da mravalxmianobis SedarebiTi Seswavlis istoriuli aspeqti.

2006 wels avtorma kidev erTi monografiuli naSromi inglisur enaze

gamoaqveyna – saxelwodebiT Who Asked The First Question: The Origins of Human Choral

Singing, Intelligence, Language and Speech (vin dasva pirveli SekiTxva: adamianTa

sagundo mReris, gonebis, enisa da metyvelebis warmoSoba). es wigni avtorma

valeri aleqseevisa da malxaz abduSeliSvilis xsovnas miuZRvna. naSromis

yvela Tavis aRwera Zalian Sors wagviyvanda, radgan masSi mTeli msoflios

masStabiT arsebuli mravalxmiani musikaluri tradiciebia aRwerili. wigni

sam ZiriTad nawils moicavs: 1. tradiciuli mravalxmianobis msoflio

stilebi (World Styles of Traditional Polyphony), 2. SedarebiTi perspeqtivebi

(Comparative Perspectives), 3. mRera, SekiTxvis dasma, azrovneba, saubari, enis

borZikiT saubari (Singing, Questioning, Thinking, Talking, Stuttering). avtoris TqmiT:

`ramdenadac sazogadoeba dRiTi dRe ufro metad politizirebuli xdeba,

moraluri da religiuri normebi, musikalur cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovan

rols asruleben. politikosebi TavianTi moqalaqeebis musikalur

gemovnebas akontroleben (magaliTad platoni antikur saberZneTSi, an

komunistebis ideologia sabWoTa kavSirSi); garkveuli tipis musikis

akrZalviT isini cdiloben saxalxo musikis Zireul transformirebas

(rogorc ssrk-Si); religiebis umetesoba musikalur aqtivobebs

akontrolebs da krZalavs musikis Zvel `barbarosul“ formebs (rogorc

qristianobis adreul etapze), da zogierTi religia musikas, rogorc

codvas TiTqmis mTlianad krZalavs (magaliTad islami). meores mxriv,

zogierT SemTxvevaSi mravalxmiani simRera SesaZloa erovnuli identobis

simbolod iqces da politikuri Tu socialuri mxardaWera moipovos

(magaliTad: korsika, bulgareTi, litva, saqarTvelo)... sagundo

mravalxmianobis problema mxolod musikologiuri problema ar aris.

sagundo mravalxmianoba adamianis enis, gonebisa da artikulirebuli

metyvelebis evoluciuri istoriis, ganuyofeli nawilia...” (Jordania, 2006:378).

63

ioseb Jordanias mier inglisur enaze gamocemuli momdevno naSromia

ratom mRerian adamianebi? musika kacobriobis evoliuciaSi (Why Do People

Sing? Music in Human Evolution), romelic 2011 gamoica da romelic mindia

Jordaniasa da izali zemcovskis mieZRvna. wignSi ganxiluli sakiTxebia: 1.

mRera marto da mRera erTad: erTxmianoba da mravalxmianoba (Tavi

pirveli), 2. mRera kacobriobis kulturis istoriaSi (Tavi meore), 3. mRera

da omi (Tavi mesame), 4. mRera da azrovneba (Tavi meoTxe). avtori miuTiTebs,

rom kacobriobis kultrura simReris gareSe ar arsebobs da ganmartavs,

rom rodesac adamianebi sakuTar tradiciul kulturasTan kavSirs nel-

nela kargaven, simReris rolic xalxSi mniSvnelovnad klebulobs. swored

amitom, araerT dasavlur sazogadoebaSi adamianebi ufro naklebad mRerian,

vidre tradiciul sazogadoebebSi (Jordania, 2011:13). i. Jordania aRniSnavs,

rom adamianebs mReris ori – fundameturad gansxvavebuli gza aqvT: imReron

marto, an imReron sxvebTan erTad. terminTa aRrevis Tavidan asacileblad,

avtori Semdeg saxeldebebsac gvTavazobs: rodesac erTi adamiani melodias

asrulebs, es unda ganisazRvros rogorc socialuri erTxmianoba, xolo

rodesac ori an meti adamiani erT xmaSi mReris, upriania termini

socialuri mravalxmianoba gamoviyenoT. (Jordania, 2011:13-14).

2013 wels i. Jordaniam daasrula wigni saxelwodebiT Tigers, Lions and

Humans: History of Rivalry, Conflict, Reverence and Love (vefxvebi, lomebi da

adamianebi: metoqeobis, konfliqtis, mowiwebisa da siyvarulis istoria).

aRniSnuli Sroma adamianebisa da katisebrTa qveojaxis – didi katebis

evoluciur urTierTobas exeba da wina ori wignis erTgvar gagrZelebasac

warmoadgens. naSromi 2014 wels gamoqveynda.

aseve aRsaniSnavia 2003-2012 wlebSi, tradiciuli mravalxmianobis

saerTaSoriso simpoziumis farglebSi gamoqveynebuli statiebi:

`mravaldargobrivi midgoma mravalxmianobis warmoSobis problemis

kvlevaSi“, `Interrogo Ergo Cogito“ - „viZlevi SekiTxvebs, maSasadame varsebob“:

responsoruli simRera da adamianuri azrovnebis sawyisebi“, „ritmis

warmoSoba da Tavdacvis strategia adamianis evoluciaSi“, `musika da

64

emocia: RiRini adamianuri istoriis saTaveebSi“, `tradiciuli

mravalxmianoba aziaSi: problemebi da perspeqtivebi“.

qarTuli mravalxmiani galobis ganxilvisas, aucilebelia vicodeT im

samecniero azris Sesaxeb, romelic mravalxmianobisa da religiis

urTierTmimarTebas ukavSirdeba. aRniSnul sakiTxs garkveuli adgili i.

Jordanias SromaSi eTmoba, sadac avtori rogorc mravalxmianobasTan, ise

erTxmianobasTan mimarTebiT qristianul da muslimur kulturaTa

orientacias gansazRvravs. avtoris dakvirvebiT evropul `mravalxmian”

xalxTa umravlesoba qristianebi, xolo islamis mimdevrebi ki erTxmiani

musikaluri tradiciis mqoneni arian, Tumca igi iqve miuTiTebs, rom

Tavdapirvelad qristianoba monodiur sawyisebs emyareboda. am mxriv

saukeTeso magaliTs warmoadgens monofiziti-grigorianeli somexi xalxis

samgaloblo tradicia, romelic mkafiod Camoyalibebuli monodiuri

formis mqonea. i. Jordania yuradRebas amaxvilebs imazec, rom balyarebi da

yaraCaelebi yurans mravalxmianobaSi kiTxuloben. garkveuli msjelobis

Semdeg avtori midis im daskvnamde, rom religiuri faqtori

mravalxmianobis gavrcelebis areals ar gansazRvravs (Jordania, 1989:242-

243). msoflio religiebidan, sami – islami, iudaizmi da budizmi – umetesad

monodiuri musikis mqonea, Tumca, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, gvxvdeba

„gamravalxmianebuli“ islamic, romlis ganxilvisas sagulisxmoa isic, rom

islami, kavkasiis regionTan mWidro aris dakavSirebuli. rac Seexeba

qristianobas, aRsaniSnavia, rom kaTolikuri, aseve protestantuli da

anglikanuri samgaloblo tradiciebi, monodiuri sistemis safuZvelze

aRmocendnen da rogorc cnobilia mogvianebiT gamravalxmiandnen. igive

SeiZleba iTqvas aRmosavleT qristianuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis

samgaloblo skolebze, kerZod ki bizantiur, ukrainul, rusul, serbul da

ruminul galobaze, romelTa tradiciuloba da siZvele monodiur sawyisebs

ukavSirdeba; Tumca maTi mogvianebiTi gamravalxmianeba, erTis mxriv

musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis, xolo meores mxriv xalxuri sagundo

polifoniisa da samgaloblo tradiciebis urTierTSerwymis kanonzomieri

procesis nawils warmoadgens. saqarTvelos geografiul_konfesiuri

65

ganlagebis suraTSi unda gaviTvaliswinoT Semdegi: qveynis aRmosavleT da

dasavleT mxareebs esazRvreba muslimuri, monodiuri musikaluri

tradiciis mqone qveynebi – TurqeTi da azerbaijani. saqarTvelos samxreTiT

mdebareobs Cveni welTaRricxviT I saukuneSi gaqristianebuli, monodiuri

samgaloblo tradiciis mqone somxeTi, xolo CrdiloeTiT, saqarTvelosTan

saerTo konfesiis mqone erTaderTi mosazRvre qveyana – ruseTi, romelmac

saqarTvelosTan SedarebiT qristianoba eqvsi saukuniT gvian, X saukunis

bolo aTwleulSi miiRo, aseve monodiuri samgaloblo tradiciis

matarebelia; xolo xelnawerebze dayrdnobiT SeiZleba iTqvas,

romMmravalxmiani galobis damkvidreba ruseTSi me-16 saukunis bolodan

daiwyo.

qarTuli xalxuri vokaluri polifoniisa da saeklesio galobis

urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi calke kvlevis sagania.Aam TvalsazrisiT

mniSvnelovania marika ositaSvilis Sromebi; erT-erT maTganSi vkiTxulobT:

`mravalsaukunovani Tanaarsebobis manZilze sagalobeli da xalxuri

simRera zegavlenas axdendnen erTmaneTze, avsebdnen, amdidrebdnen...

cnobili mgaloblebi imavdroulad xalxuri simRerebis ubadlo

Semsruleblebic iyvnen. erTi mxriv, `mefidan dawyobili ukanasknel

glexkacamde yoveli galobda eklesiaSi”, meore mxriv ki, `yovel mejliszed

Tu dids ojaxebSi, jer unda saeklesio galobiT damtkbariyvnen, mere saero

simReriT”.15 saqarTveloSi eklesiis gareT, ojaxSi sagaloblis Sesrulebis

tradicia XX saukunis 80-ian wlebSic aris dafiqsirebuli16... qristianulma

galobam organulad SeiTvisa jer kidev warmarTobidan momdinare sakulto-

saritualo sagalobelTa mravalxmianoba (ositaSvili, 2005:430-431). unda

iTqvas, rom saqarTveloSi, ojaxSi sagaloblis Sesrulebis tradiciam

qarTuli saeklesio galoba urTules periodSi gadaarCina da zepiri

tradiciis saxiT Cvenamde moitana. maSin, rodesac saeklesio galoba

15 avtori imowmebs: karbelaSvili, p., qarTuli saero da sasuliero kiloebi. istoriuli mimoxilva. tfilisi: stamba eq. iv. xelaZisa, 1898 w. 16

avtori imowmebs: SilakaZe, m., qristianuli musikaluri kultura da qarTuli sagaloblebis Sesrulebis xalxuri tradicia. krebulSi: qarTuli saeklesio galoba. eri da tradicia. samecniero konferenciis moxsenebebi. Tbilisi: mematiane 2001, gv. 164.

66

ikrZaleboda da idevneboda, qarTul ojaxebSi galobdnen da am gziT

galobas momaval Taobas gadascemdnen. zogjer galobas sasuliero

folkloris saxelwodebiTac ixseniebdnen, rac aTeisturi reJimisaTvis

naklebad gamaRizianebeli iyo.

erTxmiani da mravalxmiani galoba urTierTgansxvavebuli esTetikuri

Sinaarsis matarebelia da Sesabamisad maTi JReradoba gansxvavebul smeniT-

esTetikur STabeWdilebebs warmoSobs. sagaloblis meSveobiT gadmocemul

`Sinaarsze“ msmenelis emociuri reaqcia, gardneris TqmiT or arsebiT

faqtorzea damokidebuli: pirveli _ es aris religiuroba da meore _ eris

musikaloba (Гарднер, 1998:66). saeklesio galobaSi am ori kategoriis sinTezi

_ erTi mxriv saRvTismetyvelo azrovnebis gamovlenas, xolo meore mxriv ki

mxatvrul-esTetikur sawyisebs ukavSirdeba.

qarTuli galobis Camoyalibebis savaraudo istoriuli drois Sesaxeb,

hipoTezis saxiT mravali azri gamoTqmula. am mxriv CvenTvis metad

sagulisxmoa Semdegi dokumenti: `rogorc cnobilia, aRmosavleT

qristianuli RvTismsaxurebis istoriaSi ukve VI saukuneSi gamoikveTa ori

centri, romelmac gansazRvra mTeli marTlmadidebluri samyaros

liturgikuli cxovrebis wesi – ierusalimi da konstantinopoli... maT

Soris mudam iyo liturgikuli tradiciebis gacvla-gamocvla. swored aq

Camoyalibda sayovelTao samrevlo da samonastro tipikonebi, romlebic

warmarTaven RvTismsaxurebas marTlmadideblur eklesia-monastrebSi”

(doliZe, 1990:217). amis paralelurad `wmida saba ganwmendilis († 532)

anderZis Tanaxmad qarTvelebi VI saukunis dasawyisSi wirva-locvas (cxadia,

galobiTurT) mSobliur enaze asrulebdnen. am periodidan moyolebuli,

qarTuli eklesiis wiaRSi winaparTa sulieri kulturis mravalricxovani

monapovari iqna daunjebuli. amas mowmobs Cvenamde moRweuli Zveli

liturgikul-himnografiuli krebulebi, romlebic miekuTvneba

adrebizantiuri periodis (VI-VII s.s.), sabawmiduri (VIII-IX s.s.), tao-

klarjeTis (IX-X s.s.), aTonis mTis (XI s.-dan) da a. S. qarTuli samonastro

skolebis moRvaweobis xanas” (suxiaSvili, 2002:3).

67

winamdebare TavSi, mimovixilav ra qarTuli tradiciuli vokaluri

mravalxmianobis irgvliv arsebul – CemTvis sagulisxmo mosazrebebs,

ramdenime, wminda Teoriul – maT Soris kilo-intonaciisa da

bgeraTsimaRlebrivi kavSirebis sakiTxebsac mokled Sevexebi. Cem mier

qvemoT ganxiluli problematika, sakiTxis Cemeul xedvasTan erTad

samecniero aparatis im mniSvnelovan nawils moicavs, romlis gareSec

nebismieri musikaluri da miTumetes tradiciuli musikaluri masalis

analizi warmoudgeneli iqneboda.

termin kilos etimologia da misi dasavleTSi gavrcelebuli

saxeldeba Mode, momdinareobs laTinuri sityvidan Modus, rac sazoms,

standarts, normas, gamosaxulebas, gzas niSnavs. kilos slavuri

saxelwodeba Лад dakavSirebulia sityvasTan ладить da niSnavs Tanxmobas,

wesrigs, SeTanxmebas. termin kilos qarTuli ganmarteba mocemulia sulxan-

saba orbelianis qarTul leqsikonSi (It.) – `kilod iTqmis galobaTa da

xmoanebaTa mimoqcevaTa muxli" (s.-s. orbeliani, 1991:373). am ganmartebaSi

avtori ganixilavs kilos, rogorc konkretulad xmieri musikis (galoba),

aseve zogadad musikis (xmovaneba), mimoqcevas. aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTul

musikaSi termin kilos araerTi mniSvneloba aqvs. maT Soris ZiriTadi

mniSvnelobebia:

1. kilo – rogorc garkveul intonaciur saqcevTa erTianoba;

2. kilo – rogorc struqturuli erTeuli, muxli;

3. kilo – rogorc samgaloblo skolis sinonimi;

4. kilo – rogorc kanonikuri hangi.

kilos cnebis musikalur da poetur paralelebSi akademikosi iv.

javaxiSvili cdilobda daedgina kilos musikaluri sazrisi. zemoT

xsenebul monigrafiaSi avtori aRniSnavs, rom kilos realuri mniSvneloba

literaturuli wyaroebis, saxeldobr _ xalxuri poeziis mixedviTac Zneli

gasarkvevia: Tumca ZiriTadi arsi, rogorc wesi simRerasTan aris

dakavSirebuli (javaxiSvili, 1990:229).

68

qarTul tradiciul musikasTan mimarTebiT, sazRvargareTul

samusikismcodneo literaturaSi damkvidrebuli terminologiisa da

kiloTa saxeldebis gamoyenebis xangrZlivi tradicia arsebobs. am mxriv

sainteresoa dimitri arayiSvilis musikaluri analizi, sadac is ucxo

saxeldebis pirdapir gamoyenebas garkveulwilad Tavs aridebs: `pirveli

simRera _ saTamaSo (sacekvao) iwyeba kiloTi, romelic Seesabameba

miqsolidiur kilos...” (arayiSvili, 1954:3).

Teoriul musikismcodneobaSi kilos ganmarteba rigi debulebebis

vrcel speqtrs iZleva, romlebic araerTi Teoretikosis mier aris

damuSavebuli. musikis Teoriis rusul saxelmZRvaneloebSi kilo

warmoCenilia, rogorc farTo gagebis mqone termini, romelic sxvadasxva,

Tumca msgavsi mniSvnelobebiT gamoiyeneba. rusi Teoretikosebi kilos

esTetikur gagebas yurisTvis sasiamovnos ukavSireben, rac maTsave azriT

bgeraTsimaRlebriv tonebs Soris urTierTTanxmobiT miiRweva. isini

musikalur-esTetikur aspeqtSi kilos da harmoniis cnebebis msgavsebazec

miuTiTeben.

mravalxmianobis pirobebSi, ramdenime xmis TanaJReradobis safuZvelze

warmoqmnili kilo – rogorc drosa da sivrceSi moqmedi

bgeraTsimaRlebrivi nakadi, gulisxmobs bgerebis urTierTobas, rogorc

horizontalSi, ise vertikalSi; Sesabamisad, kilo – hangSi mocemul yvela

bgeraTsimaRlebriv urTierTobas moicavs da rogorc analitikuri

kategoria igi mTliani hangis maxasiaTeblebis ganzogadebas, mis erTgvar

reliefs warmoadgens. aqve davZen im zRvaris Sesaxeb, romelic kilosa da

melodias Soris arsebobs, miTumetes, rom mravalxmianobis kvlevis

pirobebSi zemoxsenebuli zRvari metad TvalnaTelia: melodia erTxmian

musikalur qargas warmoadgens; kilo arsebobs, rogorc horizontalSi, ise

vertikalSi.

cnobilia, rom mxatvruli musikaluri nawarmoebis tonebis logikuri

diferencireba cnobierebaSi bunebrivad warmoiqmneba, rac fsiqologiuri da

fiziologiuri kanonebiT aris damtkicebuli. dadgenilia, rom adamianis

cnobierebas gaaCnia aprioruli maxasiaTebeli, romelic gansxavebul

69

movlenaTa sistemur urTierTobaSi aRqmas gulisxmobs. kilos

problemisadmi miZRvnil erT-erT samecniero SromaSi, e. WoxoneliZe

yuradRebas amaxvilebs `intonirebis procesualur meqanizmebsa da aRqmis

fsiqo-fiziologiur Taviseburebebze” (WoxoneliZe, 1998/99:1). sulxan-saba

orbelianiseul ganmartebisa da b. asafievis Teoriis kvaldakval, e.

WoxoneliZisaTvis kilos kvlevis amosaval wertilad misi intonaciuri

sfero warmoadgens. avtoris TqmiT `kilos tradiciuli qarTuli gageba,

upirveles yovlisa, intonaciasa da intonirebad bunebas ukavSirdeba

(WoxoneliZe, 1998/99:14). aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom e. WoxoneliZe erT-

erTi pirvelTagania vinc qarTul musikismcodneobasa da

eTnomusikologiaSi kilos sakiTxi mwvave ganxilvis sagnad aqcia.

kilos upirveles maxasiaTeblad funqciur urTierTobaTa forma da

funqciuri aqtivoba gvevlineba. 17 aseve mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom kilo,

rogorc sistema Cvens cnobierebaSi konkretuli bgeriTi masalis gaSlisa

da ganviTarebis safuZvelze yalibdeba. amdenad, kilos maxasiaTeblebis

aRniSvnisas gasaTvaliswinebelia bgeriTi masalis specifika. musikis rusi

Teoretikosis, tatiana berSadskaias gansazRvrebiT, bgeriTi masala,

rogorc kilouri funqciis gamomsaxveli sfero _ or doneze vlindeba: 1.

mocemul intonaciur qsovilSi monawile tonebis Semadgenloba; 2.

struqturuli formebi (dakavSirebuli musikaluri masalis wyobasTan).

amasTan avtori kilos ordonian maxasiaTebels asaxelebs: 1. bgeraTrigi, 2.

funqciuri erTeuli (Бершадская, 1997:61). es ukanaskneli warmoadgens formas,

romelsac kilos bgeraTrigis tonebi an bgeriTi kompleqsebi gamoxataven;

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am formaSi aRniSnuli komponentebi moZraobis

mimarTulebas gansazRvraven. Tavad kilour funqciaSi ki bunebrivia misi

roli, maxasiaTebeli da qmedebis xasiaTi igulisxmeba.

kilos gansazRvrebis CvenTvis yvelaze misaReb variants t.

berSadskaia gvTavazobs: `kilo _ garkveuli rigis bgeriTi elementebis

(tonebis, akordebis, sonoblokebis) urTierTobis bgeraTsimaRlebrivi

17

aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ixileT _ berSadskaia, t. Гармония как элемент

музыкальной системы, СПБ 1997, gv. 38.

70

sistemaa, romelSic aRniSnuli bgeriTi elementebi logikurad aris

diferencirebuli, maTi Semayovnebeli da mamoZravebeli rolis xarisxisa

da formis mixedviT” (Бершадская, 1997:37).

rogor urTierTmimarTebaSia kilo bgeraTrigTan. kilo farTo gagebis

cnebaa da rogorc struqtura igi bgeraTrigsac moicavs. Sesabamisad

kilosa da bgeraTrigis, rogorc erT doneze mdgomi kategoriebis ganxilva

da garkveulwilad maTi gaigiveba _ mcdaria. bgeraTrigi, rogorc tonebis

Semadgenlobis sistema kilos erT-erT dones gansazRvravs da ierarqiulad

igi kilos qveda safexurze mdgomi movlenaa. jer kidev boris asafievi

saubrobs imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom bgeraTrigi tonebis grafikuli

gamosaxulebaa (Асафьев, 1971:282).

zemoT aRniSnuli mosazreba odnavac ar akninebs bgeraTrigis

mniSvnelobas da mis saWiroebas analizis procesSi, radgan bgeraTrigi

musikaluri teqstis erT-erT ZiriTad saSen masalad gvevlineba da

imavdroulad mocemul hangSi Semavali bgerebis grafikuli gamosaxulebis,

an sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT _ ambitusis maCvenebelia.

nebismieri musikaluri struqturis analizisas sagulisxmoa e. w.

binaruli opoziciebi, romlebic bgeraTsimaRlebrivi elementebis

urTierTqmedebas ganapirobeben. aseT opoziciebad gvevlinebian: simSvide –

mRelvareba, Seyovneba – moZraoba, dinamika – statika. aRniSnul opoziciebs

kilouri funqciis or, yvelaze mniSvnelovan maxasiaTebelTan – simyaresa

da simeryevesTan, sayrdenTan da arasayrdenTan mivyavarT. ganvamrtav, rom

myari bgera an TanaJReradoba warmoadgens iseT funqcias, romelsac

mimarTuleba ar aqvs; igi statikuria da moZraobis gagrZelebis survilsa

da aucileblobas ar iwvevs. myari toni Seyovnebas, SeCerebas da simSvides

gulisxmobs.

myaris sapirispiro mocemulobaa meryevi, romelic moZraobasTan da

ganviTarebis molodinis efeqtTan aris dakavSirebuli. erTi musikaluri

nawarmoebis farglebSi sayrdeni SeiZleba Seicvalos da Sesabamisad

sayrdenad sxva toni mogvevlinos; sayrdeni isev iarsebebs, oRond ZiriTadi

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kilos ara myar, aramed meryev sferoSi. kilour sistemas ramdenime

gansxvavebuli da sxvadasxvagvarad ganTavsebuli sayrdeni SeiZleba qondes.

amdenad simyare SeiZleba sayrdenis gamovlenad miviCinioT, magram ara

piriqiT. Sesabamisad myarisa da sayrdenis gaigiveba ara aris marTebuli.

sayrdenis funqcia SeiZleba ganisazRvros, rogorc lokaluri simyare;

sxagvarad – Cven xSirad termin gabatonebulsac viyenebT. rac Seexeba

arasayrdens, Tavisi funqciiT igi meryevTan TiTqmis srul TanxvedraSia.

musikaluri masalis garkveuli mimarTulebiT moZraobisa da kilos

elementebis, rogorc centrTan, ise sxva elementebTan urTierTobis

Sedegad warmoiqmneba kilos cvalebadi funqciebi. aseT dros xSirad

droebiTi centri ibadeba, rac vfiqrob musikaluri masalis yalibze

dakvirvebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia. analizis procesSi erT-erT

umniSvnelovanes faqtorad swored myarisa da meryevis

urTierTdamokidebuleba gvevlineba.

qarTuli kilouri sistema im Tvisebebis matarebelia, romelTa

mixedviTac mas SeiZleba stabiluri ewodos. Aam mxriv didi samuSao gaswies

malxaz erqvaniZem, zaal wereTelma da levan veSapiZem, romlebmac qarTuli

bgeraTrigis maxasiaTeblebi gamoavlines. maT mier sakiTxis Seswavlas win

uZRvoda k. rosebaSvilis kvleva, romelmac am mimarTulebiT samuSaoebis

CatarebisaTvis niadagi moamzada. stabilur kilour sistemebs musikis

istoria icnobs: berZnuli tetraqordebis, Suasaukuneebis heqsaqordebis,

anda klasikuri maJor-minoris saxiT. rogorc nebismieri tipis musikaSi, ise

qarTul mravalxmian musikalur qsovilSi kilos gansazRvris maCveneblebad

gvevlinebian mTavari – ganmsazRvreli da specifikuri mocemulobebi.

intonaciis Sesaxeb msjelobisas metad saintereso da TvalnaTel

analogs iSveliebs e. aleqseevi. misi TqmiT `SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom kinos

semiotikisa da esTetikis Sesaxeb arsebul erT-erT SromaSi, romlis

avtori lotmani gaxlavT, kadris gansxvavebul ganmartebaTa Soris

(montaJis minimaluri erTeuli, Sidakadruli elementebis erTianoba da a. S.)

avtori gamoyofs kadrs, rogorc kinomniSvnelobis erTeuls... da

gansazRvravs, rom kadris umTavresi funqcia, mis arssa da mniSvnelobaSi

72

mdgomareobs” (Алексеев, 1986:34). amrigad `kadris, rogorc kinoenis umTavresi

mniSvnelobis matarebelis” identuria _ intonacia, romelic musikis

Sinaarsobriv erTeuls warmoadgens. Tavad e. aleqseevi intonaciaze

msjelobas misi formulirebiT asrulebs: `intonacia aris is, rac

realurad melodikis or umTavres ganzomilebas – simaRles da dros

aerTianebs” (Алексеев, 1986:35).

qarTuli tradiciuli mravalxmiani musikis (xalxuri simReris,

sakravieri musikisa da saeklesio galobis) kilo-intonaciur mxareze

dakvirvebisas bunebrivad ibadeba wamyvani bgerebis gansazRvris

aucilebloba, rogorc horizontalSi, ise vertikalSi. Cveni smena garkveul

melodias, xolo Cveni cnobiereba – kilos saxiT – am melodiaSi

gamJRavnebuli tonebis urTierTobas aRiqvams.

kiloTa klasifikacia sakmaod rTuli amocanaa. klasifikaciis

procesSi ZiriTad ganmsazRvrel faqtorebad gvevlineba: struqturis

intervaluri wyoba, eTnikuri, istoriuli, kulturuli da stiluri

Taviseburebebi. aqve mokled Sevexebi Tanamedrove samusikismcodneo

literaturaSi arsebul mravalxmianobis klasifikaciasac. musikis TeoriaSi

damkvidrebuli gansazRvrebis mixedviT, polifoniuri mravalxmianoba

ramdenime erTdroulad JReradi melodiuri xazis koordinirebis Sedegia.

amrigad polifoniur mravalxmianobaSi ori tipis kavSiri monawileobs: 1 -

melodiuri, 2 - harmoniuli, Tumca ganmsazRvrel faqtorad horizontali

gvevlineba, radgan ramden xmasac ar unda moicavdes polifoniuri qsovili,

`polifoniad” igi rCeba manam, sanam misi JReradobis aRqma linearulad

ganviTarebul xmaTa diferencirebasTan aris dakavSirebuli, rac msmenels

TiToeuli xmaze dakvirvebis SesaZleblobas aZlevs.

termini - `polifonia” garkveulwilad enaTesaveba termins -

`polimonodia”; Tumca am ukanasknelis qarTul tradiciul

mravalxmianobasTan mimarTebiT gamoyeneba marTebulad ar mimaCnia, radgan

umetes SemTxvevaSi, xmaTa linearuli ganviTarebis paralelurad,

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struqturulad gamoxatul da mkafiod Camoyalibebul intervalur

(vertikalur) koordinaciasTan gvaqvs saqme.

t. berSadskaia, xmebis urTierTfunqcionalobis mixedviT ori tipis

polifonias gamoyofs:

1 – Tanasworfunqciuri polifonia, sadac xmebi Tansaworuflebianni arian,

sadac ar arsebobs mTavari da daqvemdebarebuli –

a) – erTTemiani xmebi, romlebic sawyisi droiT gansxvavdebian (imitaciuri

polifonia);

b) – xmebi ganirCevian intonaciuri Sinaarsis mixedviT (kontrastuli an

gansxvavebulTemiani polifonia). sxavadsxva xmebSi kadansebi SeiZleba ar

emTxveodnen, vidre formis didi nawilis dasasrulamde.

2 _ gansxvavebulfunqciuri polifonia (homofonia), sadac erTi asrulebs

wamyvani xmis, xolo sxvebi – daqvemdebarebuli Tanmxlebi xmis funqcias.

kadansebi sxvadasxva xmebSi emTxvevian.

cnobilia, rom musikismcodneobaSi arsebuli terminologiis

ganaxlebis problema, tradiciul musikalur memkvidreobebTan mimarTebiT

aqtualuria, radgan sasurvelia, rom erTis mxriv `kvleviTi terminologia”

(Бражников, 2002:197) daixvewos da ufro metad Camoyalibebuli forma miiRos,

meores mxriv ki, im terminologias, romelsac klasikur musikis analizisas

viyenebT, gamouCndes alternativa, romelic tradiciul musikas ukeT

miesadageba. erT-erT problematur terminad, sayovelTaod damkvidrebuli

àkordi” mimaCnia. termin àkordis” qarTul mravalxmian vertikalTan

mimarTebiT gamoyeneba, vfqirob, ar aris marTebuli, radgan rogorc

istoriul, ise Teoriul WrilSi, qarTuli mravalxmianobis saxiT saqme

gvaqvs linearul musikalur azrovnebasTan; samxmianobaSi – sam melodiur

struqturasTan, romelTa urTierTdamokidebuleba da urTierTkoordinacia

qmnis mTels. àkordis” qarTul mravalxmianobaSi gamoyenebis sakiTxi,

vfiqrob gansakuTrebiT mwvavdeba, rodesac saubaria e. w. àrasrul

akordebze”, anda am àkordebis Sebrunebaze”. amgvari gansazRvrebebi srul

winaaRmdegobaSia srul winaaRmdegobaSia qarTul tradiciul mravalxmian

azrovnebasTan, mis monotonikalur (monocentrul) bunebasTan da es

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winaaRmdegoba, pirvel rigSi, misi TviTmyofadobisken aris mimarTuli.

udavoa, rom hangis qsovilSi masalis akinZva xdeba rogorc horizontalSi,

ise vertikalSi, Tumca, sagulisxmoa is faqti, rom qarTuli tradiciuli

mravalxmianobis vertikalSi arsebuli Tanxmovanebis termin àkordiT”

aRniSvna dakavSirebulia am TanaJReradobis mkafiod gamoxatul fomasTan,

misi rogorc damoukidebeli struqturuli erTeulis aRqmasTan,

gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac kompleqsur mravalxmianobas ganvixilavT. 18

hangis vertikalSi saqme gvaqvs horizontalSi xmaTa urTierTSeTanxmebisa

da koordinaciis Sedegad Camoyalibebul stabilur TanxmovanebebTan; Tumca

kidev erTxel xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom es Tanxmovanebebi xmaTa

linearuli ganviTarebis Sedegia, gansxvavebiT klasikuri harmoniis,

tonaluri musikisagan, sadac akordis, rogorc aseTis damoukidebeli

funqciuri mniSvneloba mis bunebriv konteqsts gansazRvravs. alternatiul

gzad migvaCnia Semdegi: termin àkordis” magivrad, „TanxmovanebasTan”

erTad, SesaZloa gamoviyenoT termini `konkordi”, romelic tradiciul

linearul mravalxmian azrovnebasTan, vfiqrob, met siaxloves amJRavnebs,

rac jer kidev iuri xolopovma SeniSna (Холопов, 1987:516). am terminis

damkvidreba Teoriul musikismcodneobaSi swored mis saxels ukavSirdeba.

termin `konkordis” mniSvneloba gulisxmobs: Tanxmobas, mSvidobas,

harmonias, riTac igi enaTesaveba termin àkords~, Tumca am ukanasknelis,

rogorc aprobirebuli terminis swored klasikur harmoniaSi damkvidrebas

mivyavarT azramde, rom tradiciul musikasaTan mimarTebiT alternatiuli

terminis gamoyenebaa saWiro, terminisa, romelic sakvlevi masalis

saerTaSoriso asparezze ukeT gatanis saSualebas mogvcemda.

qarTuli mravalxmiani qsovilis bgeraTrigSi safexurebriv

aRniSvnasac, SesaZloa aseve alternativa movuZebnoT. safexurebrivi

aRniSvnis konteqsti, upiratesad, tonaluri musikaa da garkveulwilad

kilo-hangis temperirebuli musikis CarCoSi moqcevas gulisxmobs. amgvari

aRniSvnisas bgeraTrigSi oqtavuri meqanizmi moqmedebs da, Sesabamisad,

18

kompleqsuri mravalxmianobis TvalsaCino nimuSad, qarTul tradiciul musikaSi svanuri folklori miiCneva, romelic metad koordinirebuli vertikaliT gamoirCeva.

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sxvadasxva registrSi bgerebis safexurebrivi `gatolebaa” SesaZlebeli,

rac qarTul mravalxmiani simRera-galobis bunebas ewinaaRmdegeba. 1985

wels gamoqveynebul SromaSi vladimer gogotiSvili yuradRebas amaxvilebs

qarTuli mravalxmiani hangis kvarta-kvinturi diatonikis Sesaxeb da

xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom am struqturaSi Semavali bgeraTrigebi

araoqtavuria (gogotiSvili, 1985:47).

im SemTxvevaSi Tu hangis kilouri sayrdeni mkafiodaa gamoxatuli,

safexurebrivi aRniSvna SeiZleba Seicvalos intervaluri aRniSvniT,

romelic, marTalia, temperaciis CarCoebisgan Tavisufali ar aris, magram,

samagierod, intonirebis procesis met Tavisuflebas da fiqsaciis nakleb

sizustes gulisxmobs, riTac ufro axlos dgas tradiciul musikalur

azrovnebasTan. SesaZlebelia gamoviyenoT Semdegi aRniSvnebi,

magaliTisaTvis: qveda terciuli – VI safexuris nacvlad, zeda sekunduri –

meore safexuris nacvlad, rac, Tavis mxriv, sayrdeni tonis funqcias met

simkveTres matebs da, amavdroulad, misi, rogorc ZiriTadi sayrdeni

tonidan mocemul mimarTulebasac uCvenebs (aRmasvla an daRmasvla). am

TvalsazrisiT, mniSvnelovania ioseb Jordanias mosazreba, romelic swored

sayrdeni centris irgvliv arsebul bgeraTsimaRlebriv kavSirebs

(Taviseburebas) exeba.Aavtori aRniSnavs, rom aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

sufrul simRerebSi centraluri tonis zeviT kvartuli diatonikis kiloTa

kanonebi, xolo qveviT ki kvinturi diatonikis kiloTa kanonebi moqmedeben

(Jordania, 1989:37).

zemoaRniSnuli termin `akordisa~ da bgerebis safexurebrivi aRniS-

vnis problematika sakmaod aqtualurad mimaCnia, radgan masze msjeloba

swored im samecniero-Teoriuli aparatis mowesrigebaSi dagvexmareba,

romelic qarTul tradiciul mravalxmian musikasTan mimarTebiT

gamoyenebas saWiroebs (diasamiZe, 2010:463-465). aTwleulebis manZilze

damkvidrebuli, samecniero apartTan dakavSirebuli im stereotipebis

Secvla, romelic sferos winsvlasa da ganviTarebas aferxebs, sakmaod

rTuli amocanaa da mecnierebis didi Zalisxmevas moiTxovs, Tumca mimaCnia,

rom qarTul musikalur mecnierebaSi arsebobs sakmarisi resursi saimisod,

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rom qarTuli musikaluri kulturisaTvis ara mxolod zogadi da

universaluri terminologiis gamoyenebiT SemovifargloT, aramed qarTul

tradiciul simRera-galobasTan ukeT misadagebuli saxeldebebi moviZioT

da SevimuSaoT (diasamiZe, 2003:45).

musikis Teoriis (kilo, harmonia, wyoba) da saSemsruleblo esTetikis

(bgeris artikulacia, stili, manera) TvalsazrisiT, specialisetbis mier

qarTuli xalxuri simRerisa da galobis Sesrulebis sakiTxi davis sagania.

zogisTvis erTaderTi marTebuli gza, winaprebze mimsgavsebul SesrulebaSi

mdgomareobs, zogi ki sakiTxs ufro meti SemoqmedebiTi TavisuflebiT

udgeba. erTisTvis srulyofili hangis gamoxatuleba, SesaZloa meores

sruliad sapirispiro grZnobas gvrides. konsonansuri TanaJReradobis

gageba sakmaod individualuri da araerTmniSvnelovania, ara mxolod

sxvadasxva epoqaSi, aramed erTi epoqis farglebsa da Tanamedrove yofaSi.

„yurisTvis uCveulo... disonansebi, romlebic simSvides arRveven da

gandevnian... sagalobels kilo, adamians ki suliereba tovebs... aseTivea

Tqveni, dasavleT saqarTvelos sagaloblebi – paraleluri da kvintebisa

da nonebis mosmena gamaRizianebelia“ (amonaridi interviudan, Diasamidze,

2013:181). sityva `galobis“ sulxan-sabaseuli ganmarteba, romelic amgvarad

JRers – `galoba ars Tvisisaebr ukve sityvisa xmai raime, tkbilad Tqmuli

madlobai; galoba ars RmrTis metyvelebisa maRlisa xedvisa mqonebel iyos;

galoba ars xma-avajiani, SewyobiT aRtevebuli Tvinier orRanosa, gina

orRanoTa da mwyobriTa.Ggaloba ars marTlmadideblobiTa mier RmrTis

metyveleba, romeli TaviT TvisiT iwvarTidis Sewirvasa RmrTisasa sulisa

srulisa visime” (s.-s. orbeliani, 1991:131) – dRes ukve garkveul

interpretirebas ganicdis, radgan `tkbilad Tqmul galobaze”

Camoyalibebuli erTiani xedva ar arsebobs. ioane batoniSvilis

`xumarswavlis” II tomis erT-erTi epizodSi, vkiTxulobT: `galobai ars xmai

angelosTadmi Semhsgavsebuli, romelnica winaSe saydarTa RvTaebisaTa

galoben: `wmindao, wmindao, wmindao ufalo sabaoT”; da amisTvis galoba Tu

ara saRmrToTa zeda, sxveb ara moiRebis” (batoniSvili, 1991:519). `netarma

avgustinem axali galoba WeSmaritebas, sibrZnes da silamazes daukavSira,

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raTa samyaroSi codviTdacemis Sedegad darRveuli harmonia aRdges...

axalma galobam adamianis mTeli cxovreba – droebiTi da maradiuli,

Semoqmedis qebad unda aqcios; mas sagalobeli miaCnia xelovnebis saxeobaTa

Soris idealad, vinaidan igi aerTianebs sityvas, melodias, azrs, romliTac

adamianis Sinagani, sulieri samyaro gamoixateba” (sulava, 2006:5). i.

xolopovis TqmiT, sagaloblis forma iseTive lamazia, rogorc Tavad

saeklesio ferwera da arqiteqtura (Холопов, 1993:51).

aRniSnuli sakiTxi, musikaluri gemovnebis garda, iseT aqtualur

cnebebs exmianeba, rogoric aris „kanonika“ da „tradicia“, radgan erTia,

mSvenieris kategoriisadmi individualuri midgoma, meore ki saeklesio

wesisa da kanonis gaTvaliswineba. imisaTvis, rom `kanonikisa“ da

`tradiciis“ cnebaTa aRreva Tavidan aviciloT, saWiroa – zemoaRniSnuli

wesi da kanoni zedmiwevniT gawerili da yvelasaTvis xelmisawvdomi iyos,

raTa darRvevebis SemTxvevaSi gaurkvevlobis braleuloba gamoiricxos.

qarTul saeklesio galobasTan mimarTebiT esTetkuri normebis dadgena

gadaudeblad mimaCnia, radgan sxvagvarad, droTa ganmavlobaSi SesaZloa is

pirvelwyaros kidev ufro metad dacildes. aRniSnul sakiTxs, naSromis

daskvniT nawilSi ufro vrclad ganvixilav.

qarTuli mravalxmiani simRera-galobis sferos kvleva

dausruleblad SeiZleba da droTa ganmavlobaSi, sakiTxTa aqtualobidan

gamomdinare mis irgvliv kidev mravali problemis ganxilvis saWiroeba

dadgeba, sxvadasxva mimarTulebis, kerZod ki istoriuli, lingvisturi,

eTnografiuli, Teologiuri, musikologiuri, eTnomusikologiuri,

anTropologiuri, kulturologiuri da sociologiuri midgomebis

gamoyenebiT. m. erqvaniZis azriT, `dRes, Cveni fiqriT, qarTuli

mravalxmianobis raobis gansazRvra, es igive mravalxmianobis aRdgenaa,

romelic amJamad saqarTveloSi umZimes dReebs ganicdis. am

mravalxmianobaSi moazrovne da misiT mcxovrebi xalxi sul ufro cota

rCeba. aT-TxuTmet weliwadSi, SesaZloa, saqme gamousworebelic aRmoCndes.

mravalxmianobis aRdgena oden musikis sferos bevrad scildeba. unda

moxdes mravalxmianobaSi azrovnebis reanimacia” (erqvaniZe, 2001:86). statiis

78

dasasruls avtori aRniSnavs, rom `...qarTuli mravalxmianobis SenarCuneba

qarTvelisaTvis valdebulebaa, radgan uimisod igi srulyofilebas didad

ganeSoreba” (erqvaniZe, 2001:94). ediSer garayaniZe, eTnomusikologi,

romelmac 1980 wels ansambl `mTiebis” SeqmniT xalxuri musikis auTenturi

Semsruleblobis aRorZinebas daudo saTave, miiCnevs, rom `...auTenturi

folklori CvenSi suls Rafavs. sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi, qarTul

soflur yofaSi momxdarma Zireulma cvlilebebma Tavisi Rrma kvali

daaCnia xalxuri Semoqmedebis funqcionirebas, daikarga da daviwyebas mieca

ama Tu im simRerasTan, simReraTa jgufTan TanaSezrdili mravali rituali

Tu tradicia; mecnierul-teqnikurma progresma Sromis procesSi, Sromis

saxeobebSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi gamoiwvia; nawilobriv gadasxvaferda

adamianTa fsiqologia; ara marto konkretulma simRerebma, aramed mTelma

rigma sasimRero Janrebma dakarga cxovrebiseuli daniSnuleba, anu

socialuri funqcia; musikaluri folkloris mravali nimuSi dRes CvenTvis

samudamod dakargulia, xolo didi nawili imisa, rac kidev cocxalia,

arsebobs aranormalur garemoSi, anu ara Sesrulebis procesSi, aramed –

calkeuli Zveli momRerlebis cnobierebaSi” (garayaniZe, 2007:18). am

TvalsazrisiT qarTuli tradiciuli musikaluri memkvidreoba msoflioSi

gamonakliss ar warmoadgens, radgan araerTma tradiciulma kulturam

procesebi, romelic `miviwyebas” ukavSirdeba, an ukve ganvlo, an axla gadis

mas. saintereso isaa, Tu rogoria ama Tu im eris damokidebuleba aRniSnuli

sakiTxisadmi; ra niSniT SegviZlia am problemis qarTul konteqstSi

ganxilva. am sakiTxis qarTuli xedva, tradiciuli musikis, rogorc

kulturuli identobis fundamenturi nawilis mZafr gancdasTan da misi

dakargviT gamowveul SiSTan aris dakavSirebuli. vfiqrob, zemoT moyvanili

citatebi, am sakiTxTan Tanamedrove qarTvelebis – sazogadoebis, rogorc

religiuri, ise sekularuli nawilis xedvas mniSvnelovanwilad asaxavs.

kulturis es nawili, dasakargad Znelad emetebaT, maSin roca Tanamedrove

yofis pirobebSi, isini mzad arian uari Tqvan araerT tradiciaze, romelic

xSirad maT mier, qveynis demokratiuli ganviTarebisa da evrointegraciis

procesSi erTgvar damabrkolebel garemoebad aris miCneuli.

79

qarTlis gaqristianebas, qarTvelologi konstantine lerneri

ganixilavs rogorc politikuri mdgomareobiT ganpirobebul diplomatiuri

xasiaTis aqts, rodesac iranisa da bizantiis brZolam amierkavkasiaSi

politikuri batonobis gasaZliereblad, IV saukunis dasawyisSi

gansakuTrebiT intensiuri xasiaTi SeiZina (Лернер, 2008:115). garda

politikur-diplomatiuri mizezebisa, qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad

gamocxadebis mizezs, araerTi mecnieris kvaldakval, sazogadoebis mxridan

sulieri da kulturuli ganviTarebis axal etapze gadasvlis mzaobaSi

vxedav, rac teritoriisTvis, sadac qristianuli qadageba, qristes

mociqulTa misioneruli mogzaurobebisas, pirvelive saukuneSi JRerda,

srulebiT kanonzomier movlenad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.

qristianobis miReba, tradiciul kulturaze arsebiT zegavlenas

axdens; Tavad qristianuli msoflmxedveloba ki urTierTdapirispirebul

moralur-esTetikur kategoriebs – sikeTesa da borotebas efuZneba.

xalxuri Semoqmedeba miTologiur cnobierebas ukavSirdeba da drois

aRqmis TvalsazrisiT or gansxvavebul sawyisTan avlens kavSirs: 1. dro,

rogorc bunebis cikluroba (weliwadis oTxi dro, mTvaris fazebi, dRe da

Rame); 2. sworxazovani gangrZobiTi dro, romelic adamianis cxovrebis

erTian gzasa da mimarTulebas gulisxmobs, Tavisi dasawyisiTa da

dasasruliT (Пашина, 2005:29). qristianobis miRebasTan erTad, drois Sesaxeb

miTologiuri warmodgenebi gadaxedvas daeqvemdebara, radgan erTi mxriv

gaCnda saeklesio kalendari, meore mxriv ki drois axali wertilidan

aTvla daiwyo; winareqristianuli da qristianuli kulturis garkevuli

sinTezis Sedegad, RvTaebriv panTeonTan dakavSirebuli rwmena-warmodgenebi,

qristianuli wmindanebisadmi arsebul rwmenas Seerwya da dRevandelobamde

aseTi saxiT SemorCa (Пашина, 2005:37). qarTuli tradiciuli kultura da

sakuTriv musika amgvari sinTezis erT-erTi TvalsaCino magaliTia. es

ukanaskneli qarTveli adamianis yofierebis ganuyofel nawilad iqca,

`xalxuri simRera sofluri yofis ganuyreli Tanamgzavria; qarTveli kacis

cxovrebis mTeli gza – am cxovrebis sakvanZo momentebica da

80

yoveldRiurobac – mudam simReriT iyo xlebuli” (e. garayaniZe, 2007-138), da

Sesabamisad am mimarTulebiT Catarebuli kvlevebi, momijnave dargebs

mniSvnelovan samsaxurs uwevs.

zemoaRniSnul sakiTxze, gigi (giorgi) garayaniZis mosazrebiT `erTis

mxriv, qarTuli kulturis TviTmyofadoba, xolo, meores mxriv, ukve

gadaSenebul xalxebSi mocemuli kulturis siZvele mecnierebis am etapze

arTulebs civilizaciaTa Sexvedrebis xasiaTis dadgenas, saxeldobr, imis

garkvevas, Tu Tavdapirvelad sad Caisaxa an saidan sad moxda naSromSi

ganxiluli miToreligiuri codnisa da ritualebis eqsporti. an warimarTa

Tu ara es procesi ormxriv. magram dReisaTvis erTi danamdvilebiT

SeiZleba iTqvas: aRniSnuli Zveli xalxebica da Zveli saqarTveloc

erTiani kulturuli arealis nawilia. amasTan, dRevandeli saqarTvelo am

uZvelesi kulturis cocxal memkvidres warmoadgens, romlis xalxur

yofaSi gadmonaSTebis saxiT dResac cocxlobs arqauli epoqis qmnilebebi”

(garayaniZe, 2008:221).

winamdebare sakvalifikacio naSromis meore Tavs, qvemoT moyvanili

citatiT davasruleb, romelic mkiTxvelisaTvis naSromis mesame Tavze

gadasvlis process, vfiqrob logikurad amzadebs – `Tu didi xnis manZilze

erTi gansazRvruli kulturis wiaRSi cxovrob, mravalgzis cdilob

gamoikvlio, is, Tu rogori iyo misi sawyisebi da ganviTarebis gza, adre Tu

gvian igrZnob cdunebas, raTa mzera sxva mimarTulebiT miapyro da dasva

SekiTxva, ra bedi elis am kulturas da rogori iqneba cvlilebebi,

romelsac is momavalSi ganicdis.” (Фрейд, 1990:94).

81

Tavi mesame

qarTuli saeklesio galobisa da qarTvelTa kulturuli

identobis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi

qarTuli mravalxmiani galoba marTlmadidebluri kulturis

saganZuria da qristianuli samyaros monapovarTa Soris erT-erTi

gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs. Cvenamde moRweuli werilobiTi wyaroebiT

Tu vimsjelebT, Zveli qarTuli profesiuli musikis SedarebiT sistemuri

Seswavla XIX saukunis bolos daiwyo. cxadia, ar SeiZleba ar

gaviTvaliswinoT wina saukuneebis moRvaweTa samecniero azris maRali done.

sxvanaiarad, SeuZlebeli iqneboda saeklesio musikis imgvari ganviTareba,

rac Sua saukuneebis himnografiul ZeglebSi dasturdeba. tao-klarjeTi,

gelaTi, SiomRvime, daviT gareji, sveticxoveli, Semoqmedi, sinas mTa,

aTonis mTa, sabawmidis monasteri – es aris arasruli CamonaTvali

saqarTveloSi da mis farglebs gareT arsebuli im sasuliero-

saganmanaTleblo kerebisa, romlebSic qarTuli himnografia da saeklesio

galoba sxvadasxva dros viTardeboda. mniSvnelovania vicodeT qarTuli

himnografiis rolis Sesaxeb, `ara mxolod originaluri, aramed naTargmni

Zeglebis gamoc. bolo dros aRiniSneba bizantinologebis sagrZnobi

interesi qarTuli liturgikuli Zeglebisisadmi. es gasagebicaa – qarTuli

xelnawerebi Seicaven adrebizantiuri RvTismsaxurebis amsaxvel iSviaT

masalas, berZnulidan naTargmni sagaloblebis udides raodenobas.

aRsaniSnavia, rom berZnuli dednebis uqonlobis gamo qarTuli xelnawerebi

pirvelwyaros aRdgenis erTaderTi saSualebaa” (andriaZe, 1991:81).

Targmanebis arsebobis mizezs aRwers korneli kekeliZe –B`rogorc

cnobilia, qristianoba saerTaSoriso religiaa, Tavdapirvelad berZnul-

romaul samyaroSi aRmocenebuli da gavrcelebuli, amitom misi

literatura, romelic Tavidanve berZnul enaze Seiqmna da romelSiac

aRbeWdilia misi dogmebi, misi filosofia, morali, iuridiuli normebi,

82

liturgikul-saRvTismsaxuro wesebi, samoZRvro traqtatebi da

agiografiuli moTxrobani, yvela saqristiano qveynisTvis, savaldebulod

iyo miCneuli. aqedan daibada saWiroeba da aucilebloba misi

gadmoTargmnisa TiToeuli qristianis enaze (Tu mas amis SesaZlebloba

hqonda), kerZod ki qarTulzedac” (kekeliZe, 1980:7). bizantiuri sasuliero

poeziisa da musikis SeswavlaSi, swored qarTuli liturgikuli da

himnografiuli literaturis Targmanebis mniSvnelobaze amaxvilebs

yuradRebas elene metreveli (metreveli, 1980:922).

qarTuli galobis mravalsaukunovani istoriis manZilze, maSin,

rodesac qarTuli erovnuli faseulobebi saSiSroebis winaSe dgeboda,

erovnuli resursis konsolidaciis Sedegad, didi yuradReba im

materialuri da aramaterialuri kulturis SenarCunebas xmardeboda,

romelic qveynis erovnul saganZurs warmoadgenda. maT Soris iyo qarTuli

saeklesio galoba.

`cnobilia, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

avtokefaliis dakargvasTan erTad, qarTul galobas safrTxe daemuqra,

radgan rus egzarqosTa umravlesobis mier, qarTul enaze RvTismsaxureba

ikrZaleboda da qarTuli galobac eklesiidan idevneboda. qarTul

galobas isini xan Txis kikinsa da xanac ZaRlis yefas adarebdnen”

(TavberiZe, 2005:12).

saqarTvelos erT-erTi bolo egzarqosi, ruseTis sinodis

oberprokuroris TanaSemwes Tavad n. Jevaxovs werda: `Cems SegnebaSi ver

eteva moTxovnileba sinodisa, rom vaiZulo xalxs ilocos gaugebar enaze.

Udides nawils Cemi samrevlosi Zlivs esmis rusuli ena! miTumetes, rogor

unda gaigos eklesiuri slavuri ena!” (TavberiZe, 2005:11). iyvnen iseTi

egzarqosebic, romelTa saxeli qarTuli eklesiis istorias dadebiT

konteqstSi SemorCa; magaliTad, cnobilia, rom saqarTvelos egzarqosad

1877 wels movlinebulma ioanikem (rudnevi) 1878 wlis ianvarSi mxari

dauWira wmida mRvdelmTavar aleqsandres (oqropiriZe) iniciativas `Zveli

qarTuli eklesiebri galobis aRmdgeneli komitetis Seqmnis Sesaxeb”.

(TavberiZe, 2005:23). Tergdaleulebs, erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis

83

liderebsa Tu calkeul sazogado moRvaweebs, qarTuli saeklesio galobis

SenarCunebis saqmeSi didi wvlili SehqondaT, rac ara mxolod

ideologiur, aramed praqtikul mxaresac gulisxmobda. e. kereseliZis

SromaSi istoria qarTul saeklesio galobis notebze gadaRebisa araerTi

sayuradRebo cnoba moipoveba. maT Soris erT-erTi, saqarTveloSi pirveli

sanoto stambis gaCenas ukavSirdeba. `1891 wels, vkiTxeT filimons: Tu sadme

aris ruseTis qalaqebSi notebis Srifti (asoebi), Cven gvinda gamoviweroT

da SeviZinoT meTqi. gviTxra: moskovSi unda iyoso, imitom vici rom, me

Sevxvedrivar iqaur stambaSi notebiT dabeWdili simRera galobis

wignebsao. iq mokiTxva da gamoZebna undao. Amis Sesaxeb ifiqra maqsime

SaraZem da mivida ilia WavWavaZesTan sakiTxavad da uTxra: gvsurs notebis

asoebi SeviZinoT, aq TbilisSi ar aris misi Srifti, gviTxres moskovSi

ariso, xom aravin gyavs iq nacnobTagani kaci rom mivsweroT da gviSovnos

notebis Srifti. man uTxra: rogor ara myavs iq kargi megobari qarTveli

kaci, profesori al. xaxanaSvili. is mogixerxebs mag saqmeso. TviTonac

werili miswera da maqsimesac misamarTi gadasca... Cvenc ase mivwereT... erTi

Tvis Semdeg notebis asoebi miviReT, sami aTas maneTad Rirebuli; Cven

Zalian gagvexara notis asoebis miReba 1891 wels 10 dekembers. es iyo mTel

saqarTveloSi pirveli SemoReba notebis asoebisa.” (TavberiZe, 2005:141).

kidev erTi epizodi, romelic qarTuli saeklesio galobis saqmes

exeba mogviTxrobs: `1884 wels, arqimandritebis – grigol dadianisa da

makari mataTaSvilis winadadebiT saegzarqososTan Seiqmna specialuri

komisia, romelsac unda ezruna sagaloblebis notebze gadasaRebad da

dasabeWdaT. komisiis sxdomas qarTuli sazogadoebis TvalsaCino

warmomadgenlebi, akaki, aleqsandre yazbegi, giorgi wereTeli da sxvebi

daeswrnen. sxdomaze sakiTxis winaaRmdeg gamovida sasuliero seminariis

reqtori Cudecki... gamosvlisas Cudeckim aRniSna, rom am `keTilganzraxul

da RvTisgan kurTxeul saqmes didi dabrkoleba aqvs. mcodne pirebisagan

vici, rom qarTuli galoba imdenad Taviseburia, sxva xalxis galobisagan

imdenad gansxvavdebam rom misi Cawera arsebuli rusuli notebiT

SeuZlebelia, mogvixdeba qarTuli galobis Sesaferi samusiko niSnebi

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gamovigonoT. am saqmes didi Sroma, didi dro da didi xarjic dasWirdeba;

samwuxarod, qarTul Rarib eklesias aseTi xarji ar SeuZlia gaiRos.”

mRvdelma auSevma Cudeckis mourideblad miaxala, rom es azri mcdari iyo.

Cudeckim cotaTi kilo Secvala, magram mainc imave azris dasabuTebas

Seudga: `SeiTviseT keTilxmovani, RvTisagan nakurTxi da dalocvili

slavuri galoba”. aman damswreTa didi aRelveba gamoiwvia. `akaki wamoxta,

Cudeckis sityva Seawyvetina da ganacxada: - Tqven SegiZliaT Cvens

ganzraxvaze pirdapir uari TqvaT, es Tqveni uflebaa. magram Tqven Cvens

wmidaTa wmidas tlanqad SeexeT; Tqven fiqrobT, rom Cven qarTvelebi

ramdenime xnis Semdeg, Tqveni locva-kurTxeviT, slavebad gadaviqceviT. es

didi Secdomaa! saqarTvelos didi istoria, mdidari uZvelesi kultura da

Cveni sakuTari winsvlisaTvis gawalduli gza aqvs. uxeS Zalas am gzis

Secvla araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeuZlia. asi wlis ganmavlobaSi qarTvel

ers Tavisi saxe ar Seucvlia da Seucvlelad SeunarCunia. SemdegSiac

SeirCens. qarTveli eri Tavis Seudarebel musikas, romelSiac Tavisi

ukvdavi suli aqvs Caqsovil-Caqarguli, uTqvenodac mouvlis da

ganaviTarebs, Tqveni daxmareba ar sWirdeba!” akakis Semdeg giorgi wereTeli

gamovida. aleqsande yazbegma gamoacxada, rom komisiaze Tqmuli detalurad

gamoqveyndeba gazeTebSio. Cudeckim isRa moaxerxa, rom komisiis sxdoma

daxura” (TavberiZe, 2005:35-36).

zemoT moyvanili epizodi mkafiod aRwers im damokidebulebas,

romelsac sazogado moRvaweebi qarTuli musikis, kerZod ki galobis mimarT

gamoxataven da naTlad aCvenebs Tu ra mniSvneloba qonda qarTul galobas

erovnuli da kulturuli identobis konteqstSi.

saintereso cnobas gvawvdis qarTuli galobis moamage polievqtos

karbelaSvili; igi galobis saqmeSi arsebuli winsvlis dasturad dimitri

yifianis werils iSveliebs, romelic am ukanasknelma 1863 wlis 4 maiss,

bodbis wminda ninos monastreSi yofnis Semdeg dawera: `yovlad Rirso

mamao arqimandrito makarios! wmida nina qarTvelT ganmanaTlebelis

saflavis Tayvaniscema am TxuTmets saukuneSi marad sanatrel aris yovlis

qarTvelisaTvis. Tormetis wlis wineT, pirvelad rom veRirse muxlis

85

modrekasa sanatrelis saflavis winaSe, gulica Cemi modrekil-iqmna

mwuxarebisgan, rom siZvele metad etyobodaT taZarsaca da sxva SenobaTaca.

am maisis dros meored Semxvda mun yofna da guli Cemi dastkba, ra vixile

ganaxleba yovlisa Zvirad dasafasebeliTa RvawliTa TqveniTa; suli Cemi

dastkba, ra vismine galoba Cveni Zveleburi, Tqvenis zrunviTa da

mecadineobiT ganaxlebuli da saamod SeTanxmebuli. msurs sityvierad Tu

nivTierad gamoTqma guliTadis madlobisa Cemisa Tqven winaSe; magram

madloba qveynieri ra saWiroa TqvenTvis. sulgrZelebiT miiReT, mamao

eklesiisaTvis mciredi ese Sesawevari da amasTanave morTmeuli xuTi Tumani

moaxmareT marTl-madidebelTaTvis dasamadlebelTa saqmeTa TqvenTa.

momindvia Tavi Cemi wmida locva-kurTxevisa TqvenisaTvis da vhgie Tqveni

maRalRirsebis umorCilesi mosamsaxure dimitri yifiani. 23 maisi, 1863 w.

tfilisi” (karbelaSvili, 1898:89-90).

Tergdaleulebisa da maTi Tanamedroveebis msgavsad, qarTuli

tradiciuli simRerisa da galobis udides rolze saubrobdnen

saqarTvelos erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis liderebi.

magaliTisaTvis moviyvanT amonarids merab kostavas broSuridan

sayovelTao swavlebisaTvis: `mSvenieria Cveni xalxuri simRerebi da

sagaloblebi, is uzarmazari masala, mecxramete saukunidan moyolebuli

didi rudunebiT rom Sekribes da notebze gadaiRes qarTuli musikis

mesveurebma. magram, samwuxarod, Cvens konservatoriasa da musikalur

saswavleblebsa da skolebSi jerac ar aris SemoRebuli qarTuli

simRerebisa da sagaloblebis savaldebulo sayovelTao praqtikuli

swavleba... ase rom amJamad qarTuli simRerebisa da sagaloblebis

praqtikuli Seswavla TiTqmis martooden saxelwmifo da TviTmoqmed

ansamblebSi xdeba, xolo specsaswavleblebSi Teoriuli gamokvlevebis

sagans warmoadgens... monodiuri musikis garemocvaSi aRmocenebuli misi

(qarTuli tradiciuli musikis – e. d.) sagundo mravalxmianoba lokalur

warmoSobasa da mimdebare qveynebis zegavlenisgan xelSeuxeblobaze

migvaniSnebs. marTlac, erTxmiani iyo ara marto muslimani mezoblebis,

aramed TviT qristianuli palestinisa, siriisa da bizantiis sagaloblebi

86

da simRerebi” (kostava, gv.gv.1-2, gamocemis TariRi miTiTebuli ar aris).

rogorc amonarididan Cans, avtori, erTi mxriv gulistkivils gamoxatavs

imis gamo, rom qarTuli tradiciuli simRera-galoba sayovelTao swavlebis

sagani ar aris, meore mxriv ki xazs usvams mravalxmianobas, rogorc

qarTuli musikis gansakuTrebul da TviTmyofad komponents.

rodesac vsaubrobT imaze, Tu ra roli ekisra qarTul saeklesio

galobas, qarTvelTa kulturuli identobis konteqstSi, aucilebelia

gaviTvaliswinoT is informacia, romelic Tavmoyrilia 2015 wels

gamocemul naSromSi qarTuli galobis qronika 1861-1921 wlebis periodika.

daviT SuRliaSvilis mier Sedgenil am wignSi TvlnaTliv aisaxeba qarTuli

tradiciuli galobisadmi is interesi, romelic imdroindel sazogadoebaSi

arsebobda. saeklesio galobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi, araerTi

gamoqveynebuli werilis mTavari Tema gamxdara. mkiTxvelis yuradRebas

ramdenime amonaridze mivapyrob.

- `qarTuls galobazed” - iveria, 1878, 4 maisi, N17, gv.5-7

`am mokle xanSi Zalian gaxSirda laparaki galobazed da imis notebzed

gadaRebazed. yvelam amoiRo xma, yvelani cdiloben, rom Tu nivTieraT ara,

sityvieraT mainc TanagrZnoba ganacxadon am sasargeblo qarTuli galobis

aRdgenazed. marTlac sasiamovnoa im saqmezed erTxmoba da sazogado

TanagrZnoba, radganac es saqme marto erTs ar ekuTvnis, aramed mTels

sazogadoebas. am laparaks uTuod kai Sedegic eqmneba. magram es ki ar

meWaSnikeba, rom im erTi andazisa ar iyves: `jer Rvino ar iyo da eSmakebi

tikebs albobdneno”. jer qarTulis galobis notebi TvaliT aravis unaxavs

(is notebi ar gaxlavsT, romelsac exla eZaxian) da mTeli qveyana SeZres:

`qarTvelebma notebzed gadavawyveT galobao”... “qarTvelsac” Seutyvia

galobis notebzed dawera, guli Sestkivnia da ixveweba: qarTuli galoba

ar gaafuWoTo (`iveria” N8) es ki ufro marTals laparakobs, magram

saqarTveloSi TxuTmeti mgalobeli ki tyuilia, vinc wirvis galoba icis,

imas ver davarqmevT mgalobels. Cven marto erTi gvyavs namdvili

mgalobeli, mRvdeli grigol karbelovi (karbelaSvili – e.d.), romelsac

87

mtkiced axsovs galobis kiloebi. esec Cvenda saubedurod moxucebulia...

amdens `notis” ZaxilSi da siarulSi, is kaci, romlis TavSiac damarxulia

namdvili mama-papuri kilo galobisa, gamogvecleba xelidam, rogorc

moxucebuli da waiRebs isev imasTan, visganac miuRia. maSin visac rogora

surs iseTi kiloebi Seadginos. aRarc aravin damwunebeli iqneba da arc

momwonebeli... am xanebSi Tu SebrZanebulxarT, mkiTxvelo, anCisxatis

soborSi, genaxebaT mSvenieri guguni, iq erTis dasis magier orive iyo

xolme. marjvenaca da marcxenaca da lamazaT gamoismoda xuTi-eqvsi xma,

magram Cvenda saubeduroT esec ar SegvrCa: seminariaSi... aRkrZales galoba...

amgvarad isev Cqara miefara es mama-papuri eklesiis samkauli da exla ese

sawewaT gagvixda saqme”.

aragveli [daviT kezeli]

(SuRliaSvili, 2015:56-58).

- `Cveni saeklesio galoba” - iveria, 1894 w. 16 ivnisi, N126, gv.2-3

`warmoidgineT, kaci ixrCobodes da ixvewebodes, miSveleT, vin xarT

qristianio, xom saSineli da Tavszardamcemi suraTia... magram es kidev

mkrTali Sedarebaa imasTan, razedac unda gelaparakoT. mkrTalia imitom,

rom kacis sikvdils SeCveulni varT... xolo sikvdili da dakargva imisa,

rac mxolod erTaderTia, ai, e saris namdvili samwuxaro, gulsaklavi da

samudamo saglovi. es erTi iyo Cveni saeklesio galoba. galoba ikargeboda,

visac misi Zala da mniSvneloba esmoda, guli stkioda da sCioda, magram am

tkivilsa da Civils, uRonobisa gamo, gulSive iklavda”.

galobis erTi moyvarulTagani

(SuRliaSvili, 2015:244).

- `mogoneba (fexTa bana)” – kvali, 1894 w. 3 ivlisi, N28, gv.4-5

`...mas aqeT bevri ram minaxavs. bevri xmatkbili da xmaSewyobili ram

gamigonia, magram rac maSin vigrZeni, misi msgavsi ara minaxavs ra. didi

xania ar aris, rac erTxel kidev daveswari fexTa banas, magram yoliferi

88

mesxvafera. galoba meucxova: yurs esmoda, magram gulamdi ki ver xvdeboda.

sxarebis mkiTxveli ucxogvarad bobRinobda da kiloc sxvagvari hqonda.

mimovixede da ra SevniSne? xalxi, TiTqos iZulebuli grZnobiT iyo

gatacebuli da ara sasoebiT gamsWvaluli. momagonda is Zveli, siymawvilis

ambavi da cremlebi gadmomcvivda!..

nuTu sakuTrad Cemi bralia, rom grZnoba damClungebia da guli veRar

netarobs? vekiTxebodi Tavs da pasuxs aravin maZlevda. mxolod, am mokle

xanSi, SemTxveviT gavigone kargareTelis saxarebis kiTxva da uneburad

SevkrTi, guli amiTamaSda!.. misma kilom momagona janeliZis kilo, Tumca

ase rogorc aCrdilma namdvili momagona... imis mxolod grZnoba SeiZleba

da vai im xalxs, romelsac is grZnobis saunje, is kilo daekargeba!..

akaki

(SuRliaSvili, 2015:246-247).

- `tfilisi, 18 noemberi” – iveria, 1886, 19 noemberi, N251, gv. 1-2

`rom qarTuli simRera da galoba evropiuls ara hgavs, eg aSkaraa da amas

araviTari damtkiceba ara sWiria, rogorc gvarwmuneben mcodne kacebi. Cven

musikisa, rogorc winadac mogaxseneT, sul ara gvesmis ra da mis gamo

vSiSobT da siTamamed migrZvnia warmovsTqvaT azri, romelic didi xania

mosvenebas ar gvaZlevs da romelzec pasuxi CvenTvis aravis moucia, Tumca

bevrjer da bevrgan Camogvigdia amazed laparaki musikis mcodne kacTa

Soris. qarTuli simRera xom evropuls srulebiT ara hgavs, hgavs ki

aziursa?... ar viciT Teoria amazed ras ityvis, xolo ramodenadac es

sxvadasxva gasarCevia yurisTvis, imodenad marTali viqnebiT vsTqvaT, rom

aziis ara romelisame eris simReras ara hgavs aqauri baniT saTqmeli

simRera. aq sakuTari, TviTnaCeni, TviT myofi simRera aqvs da am mxriT

musikis mcodne kacTa TvalSi qarTuli simRerebi sruls axals ambavs unda

warmoadgendes musikis istoriisa da TeoriisaTvis. Arian CvenSi musikis

mcodne ucxo qveynis oriode kacni, romelnic am mxriT dahkvirvebian Cvens

simRerebs, hcdilan misi viTareba, Tviseba, xasiaTi zedmiwevniT Rrmad

89

emcnoT da imaTac fiqrad mosdiT igive, raca Cvena vsTqviT qarTulis

simRerebis TviTnaCenobasa da TviTmyofadobazed”.

WavWavaZe ilia

(SuRliaSvili, 2015:158-159)

- `xelovneba religiaSi”, Teatri da cxovreba, 1918, 28 ivlisi, N11, gv.12-

13

`saqarTvelos eklesiasTan ufro dakavSirebulia ori dargis xelovnebisa:

musika da xuroTmoZRvreba. saWiroa amisaTvis Tu gvinda eklesia

eklesiobdes da, akakis ar iyos, zarebi uxmobdes ers: `modiT modioTo da

ara wadiT”, rogorc aqamdin iyo, saklesio kultis gamSveneba, saklesio

galobis ganviTareba da Zveli taZrebis aRdgena-ganaxleba”.

k. grZeli [kote anTaZe]

(SuRliaSvili, 2015:589-590).

zemoT moyvanili amonaridebi cxadyofs, rom qarTuli saeklesio

galobis sakiTxebi, sazogadoebis mxridan sayovelTao ganxilvis sagani iyo

da masTan dakavSirebiT araerTi werili qveyndeboda. aseve TvalnaTliv

Cans, rom galobisadmi arsebobda, rogorc racionaluri, ise emociuri

damokidebuleba; xazs usvamdnen mis udides mniSvnelobas saqarTvelos

kulturul da religiur cxovrebaSi da aseve saubrobdnen mis

TviTmyofadobaze.

cnobilia, rom 2001 wlis 18 maiss, qarTuli mravalxmianoba, iuneskos

(UNESCO) mier gamocxadda rogorc kacobriobis zepirsityvierebis

xelTuqmneli memkvidreobis Sedevri, (msoflios sxva 18 kulturul

monapovarTan erTad), ramac qarTuli mravalxmianobis, rogorc msoflio

kulturis erT-erTi gamorCeuli nawilis kidev ufro TvalsaCinod

warmoCenasa da damkvidrebas Seuwyo xeli. rusudan wurwumia aRniSnavs, rom

qarTuli mravalxmianoba kvlav ori mimarTulebiT – soflidan qalaqSi da

qalaqidan sofelSi moZraobs, rac folklorisa da folklorizmis

Tanaarsebobsas gulisxmobs (wurwumia, 2010:267). dRevandel dRes qarTuli

90

tradiciuli hangis, kerZod ki samxmiani galobis mdgomareobisa da mis

mimarT arsebuli damokidebulebis gamovlenas emsaxureba Cven mier

winamdebare TavSi mocemuli aRweriloba. am tipis kvleva, rogorc

anTropologiur, ise samusikismcodneo dargSi tardeba pirvelad. ra

Seicvala dRes? ratom aris mniSvnelovani imis gansazRvra, Tu ramdenad

SeinarCuna qarTvelma xalxma sakuTar tradiciul musikasTan siaxlove?

imisaTvis, rom am kiTxvas srulad gaeces pasuxi, araerT

urTierTgansxvavebul fokus-jgufTan muSaobaa saWiro. iseT fonze,

rodesac Cveni smeniTi STabeWdileba mraval gansxvavebul bgerasa Tu

TanaJReradobas moicavs, rodesac sxvadasxva tradiciuli Tu klasikuri

musikis sistemebis Sesaxeb gaxda cnobili, interess iwvevs is, Tu ra roli

aqvs erovnul hangs da rogoria masTan dakavSirebuli praqtika. rogorc

zemoT aRiniSna, sakiTxis ufro farTo kuTxiT gansaxilvelad saWiroa

gamoikiTxos yvela segmenti, romelic moicavs: musikalur, aramusikalur,

marTlmadidebel, sekularul da sxva niSanTvisebebis mixedviT SerCeul

jgufebs. vinaidan Cemi sakvlevi Tema qarTuli tradiciuli musikis erT

konkretul sferos – saeklesio galobas exeba, iseTi fokus-jgufi SevarCie,

romelic vfiqrob yvelaze ukeT asaxavs am mimarTulebiT arsebul

mdgomareobas, radgan masSi Sedian rogorc musikaluri ganaTlebis mqone,

ise misi armqone pirebi; swored am TvalsazrisiT aris CemTvis saintereso,

Tu ra niSnis qveS gaerTiandnen es adamianebi, ra rols asrulebs am

gaerTianebaSi tradiciuli simRera-galoba, mravalxmiani musikaluri

azrovnebis TvalsazrisiT ramdenad axlos dgas dRevandeli qarTveli mis

winaparTan; kvleva, romelsac Cemi sakvalifikacio naSromis farglebSi

vawarmoeb, qarTuli galobis Tanamedrove mdgomareobis erTgvar anareklad

SeiZleba miviCnioT. zemoaRniSnul fokus-jgufTan muSaoba 2012 wlis

dasasruls daviwyeT da im droisaTvis, roca naSromis ZiriTadi nawili

dasasruls uaxlovdeboda (2014 weli), fokus-jgufma 200-mde informanti

moicva. kvlevis raodenobriv nawilSi mxolod im adamianebis gamokiTxva

aisaxa, romelTac arcerTi sakiTxi ar datoves upasuxod, kvlevis

Tvisobriv nawilSi ki gamokiTxulTa mier mowodebuli informaciis

91

srulad asaxva moxda. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom galobis mecnierul da

praqtikul sferoSi momuSave adamianTa ricxvi, sxva dargebTan SedarebiT,

arc Tu ise didia, kvlevaSi warmodgenili Sedegebi, ganxiluli sakiTxebis

sakmaod srulyofil asaxvad SegviZlia miviCnioT. aseve mniSvnelovania

vicodeT, rom informantebi sxvadasxva mgalobelTa gundebs warmoadgenen,

rac kvlevaSi monawile gundebis raodenobis zrdas emsaxureba. vidre

uSualod kvleviT nawilze gadaval, unda aRiniSnos, rom taZarSi

mgaloblad muSaobis mravalgvar mizezTa Soris finansuri daintereseba ar

figurirebs, radgan mgalobelTa umravlesobis xelfasi 2-idan 5 laramde

meryeobs, rac jamSi TveSi daaxloebiT 40-50 lars Seadgens (ukidures

SemTxvevaSi 23-30 lars); aRniSnuli problema saxelmwifos mxridan udavod

did yuradRebas saWiroebs, radgan garda imisa, rom uSualod konkretul

mgaloblebs mZime finansuri mdgomareoba aqvT, amgvari damokidebuleba

apriori azianebs mgaloblis profesias, rogorc aseTs. ratom da rogor

mividnen sxvadasxva asakis, specialobis, socialuri statusis mqone –

Tbilissa Tu mis farglebs gareT, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi

dabadebuli adamianebi taZarSi mgaloblebad da ra gvaZalevs imis

ganmartebis safuZvels, Tu rogor aisaxeba qarTuli saeklesio galoba

Cveni Tanamedrove yofis kulturuli identobis konteqstSi.

Tavdapirvelad davinteresdiT Tu ra xania, rac informantebma

galobas mihyves xeli, raTa erTi mxriv gamomerkvia im gamocdilebis

Sesaxeb, romelic maT aqvT, xolo meore mxriv ki Semedarebina sxvadasxva

xangrZlivobis gamocdilebis mqone mgalobelTa mosazrebebi. Sedegi ixileT

pirvel magaliTSi:

92

rogorc magaliTidan irkveva, informantebis gamocdilebis yvelaze didi

raodenoba 10-20 welze modis. amis Semdeg gavarkvie Tu ra asakSi daiwyes

maT galoba da aRmoCnda, rom 6 wlidan moyolebuli 40 wlis asakis

CaTvliT da 6-idan 40-mde arsebuli TiTqmis yvela ricxvis miTiTebiT,

informantebma galobas mihyves xeli, rac galobis dawyebis sakmaod farTo

asakobriv speqtrs iZleva.

momdevno magaliTi (N2) pasuxobs kiTxvas, Tu ram ganapiroba ama Tu im

informantis mier galobiT daintereseba:

1 წელი

9%

1-3 წელი

16%

3-5 წელი

18%

5-10 წელი

17%

10-20 წელი

34%

20-30 წელი

6%

მაგალითი N1

93

rogorc vxedavT, yvelaze maRali procentuli maCvenebeli, galobas,

rogorc saeklesio RvTismsaxurebis organul nawils ukavSirdeba; mocemul

SedegSi aseve naTlad aisaxeba, galobis, rogorc tradiciuli musikis

Semadgeneli nawilis mniSvnelobac, radgan 24% swored qarTulma xalxurma

simReram miiyvana galobamde. da bolos, SedarebiT mcire, magram mainc

sagulisxmo procentuli maCvenebeli aqvs Cem mier am magaliTSi aRniSnuli

pirveli (55%-iani) Sedegis sapirispiro garemoebas, rodesac galobis gamo

adamianebi taZarSi msaxurad mividnen.

momdevno SekiTxva - `gyavdaT Tu ara galobis pedagogi” CemTvis

saintereso iyo imdenad, ramdenadac msurda gamomerkvia, Tu ramdenad

sicocxlisunariania samgaloblo skola dRes, rogorc dedaqalaqSi, ise

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi da aRmoCnda rom umravlesoba galobis

xelovnebas pedagogTan eufleboda, rac erTi mxriv sakuTriv swavlebis,

meore mxriv ki saqarTveloSi galobis zepirad gadacemis tradiciis

arsebobaze miuTiTebs, radgan informantTa garkveul nawils musikaluri

ganaTleba ar aqvs da Sesabamisad verc notebs kiTxulobs. (ixileT

magaliTi N3).

ეკლესიურმა

ცხოვრებამ

55% ტაძარში

სიარული მას

შემდეგ დავიწყე,

რაც მგალობელი

გავხდი

12%

ქართული

ხალხური

მუსიკის

შესრულებამ

გალობასთან

ბუნებრივად

დამაკავშირა

24%

სხვა

9%


94

momdevno sakiTxi, galobis sawyis etapze informantis

adgilmdebareobas ukavSirdeba. CvenTvis saintereso iyo, Tu ramdenad

centralizebulia am TvalsazrisiT dedaqalaqi da ramdenad figurirebs

galobis Seswavlis sawyis procesSi regioni, romelmac Tavis droze

gaamdidra qarTuli saeklesio galoba sxvadasxva samgaloblo stiliTa da

skoliT. me-4 magaliTis SekiTxva ase JRerda: `sad daiwyeT galoba?”.

rogorc mosalondeli iyo, dedaqalaqma xmebis yvelaze meti raodenoba

daagrova; mas mosdevs qalaqi, Semdeg sofeli da bolos Zalian mcire

maCvenebliT – sazRvargareTi (ixileT magaliTi N4). regionebSi, galobis

sferoSi arsebul problemebs qvemoT – kvlevis Tvisebriv nawilSi

ganvixilav, Tumca aqve minda davZino, rom me-4 magaliTSi moceuli dabli

procentuli maCvenebeli, regionebSi galobis savalalo mdgomareobaze

calsaxad miuTiTebs, radgan sofeli kargavs samgaloblo tradiciis

matareblis im istoriul da mkafiod gamoxatul funqcias, romelic mas

Tundac me-19 saukuneSi qonda.

კი

76%

არა

24%

0%

0%


95

kvlevis farglebSi, Sevecade, rom informantebi yofiliyvnen ara

mxolod Tbilisis mkvidrni, aramed saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxis

warmomadgenlebi, radgan mxolod ase Tu Camoyalibdeba galobis

mdgomareobis met-naklebad srulyofili suraTi. momdevno SekiTxva,

informantebis dabadebis adgilis dasaxelebas exeboda. SedegebSi aisaxa:

Tbilisi, borjomi, rusTavi, soxumi, baTumi, guria, gori, samtredia, yazbegi,

yvareli, gurjaani, saCxere, foTi, kaspi, kulaSi, dedofliswyaro, Telavi,

xobi, sairxe, TeTriwyaro, daba TianeTi, bolnisi, quTaisi, zugdidi,

moskovi, riTic Cveni molodini gamarTlda da kvlevis – gegmis farglebSi

warmarTvis SesaZlebloba mogveca.

kvlevis Semdgom etapze msurda gamego, yavT Tu ara informantebs

gamorCeuli figura, iqneba es mgalobeli Tu sruli mgalobeli,

Tanamedrove periodis, Tu me-19 saukunis saeklesio da saero moRvaweTa

Soris erT-erTi. aRmoCnda, rom gamokiTxulTa umravlesobas hyavs am

sferoSi, sxvadasxva dros moRvawe figura, romelic erTgvar misabaZ

magaliTs warmoadgens dRes taZarSi mdgom mgalobelTaTvis; aRniSnuli

garemoeba, galobis, rogorc tradiciuli kulturis mimarTulebis erT-erT

Taviseburebad gvevlineba. (aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli Sedegebi, is

დედაქალაქში

64%

ქალაქში

20%

სოფელში

14%

საზღვარგარეთ

2% მაგალითი N4

96

Tu vin da ra raodenobiT dasaxeldnen galobis sferos aseT mniSvnelovan

figurebad, vrclad, naSromis danarTSi ixileT).

bunebrivia, imiTac davinteresdi, Tu ras usmenen informantebi yvelaze

xSirad – aris es ufro im tipis, an masTan Janrulad miaxloebuli hangi,

romelsac Tavad asruleben, Tu maT musikis sxva Janrebic itacebT. am

SekiTxvaze, erTdroulad ramdenime pasuxis gacema iyo SesaZlebeli

(ixileT magaliTi N5).

rogorc vxedavT, yvelaze meti procenti swored qarTulma

tradiciulma musikam miiRo, Tumca sagulisxmoa isic, rom informantebs

Soris TiTqmis yvela ZiriTadi musikaluri mimarTulebis msmeneli

gamoikveTa, rac maTi mxridan sxvadasxva musikisadmi gaxsnilobaze

miuTiTebs.

momdevno sakiTxebi, winamdebare sakvalifikacio naSromis farglebSi

ramdenime – yvelaze mniSvnelovan problemas exeba. Sevecade gamomerkvia Tu

ramdenad mniSvnelovania taZarSi mgaloblad misuli adamianisaTvis

qarTuli galobis mravalxmiani buneba (ixileT magaliTi N6).

aRmoCnda, rom gamokiTxulTa absoluturi umravlesoba, qarTuli

sagaloblebis mravalxmianobas did mniSvnelobas aniWebs. qarTuli


ტრადიციული

მუსიკა

32%

კლასიკური

მუსიკა

20%

ჯაზი

15%

მსოფლიო

ხალხთა ეთნო

მუსიკა

5%

ქალაქური

მუსიკა

8%

როკი

4%

პოპულარული

მუსიკა

8%

რეპი

1%

სხვა

7%


97

saeklesio galobis samxmianoba maTTvis dakavSirebulia erTi mxriv

saeklesio kanonikasTan, meore mxriv ki samgaloblo tradiciasTan.

informatTa Soris ar aRmoCnda aravin, vinc am sakiTxisadmi gulgrilad

iqneboda ganwyobili.

ufro konkretulad, mravalxmianobaSi miSvnelovnad miiCnies: (ixileT

magaliTi N7).

არ არის

მნიშვნელოვანი

0% მნიშვნელოვანია

22%

უმნიშვნელოვანე

სია

74%

სხვა

4%


რამდენიმე ხმის

ერთდროული

ჟღერადობით

მიღებული

ჰარმონია

(მუსიკალური

ასპექტი)

32%

რამდენიმე

ადამიანის

ერთობლივი

გალობა

(სოციალური


8%

არცერთი

0%

ორივე

56%

სხვა


98

dRevandel dRes Zalze mwvaved dgas ucxo hangis qarTul teqstze

gawyobisa da piriqiT – qarTuli hangis ucxo enaze misadagebis problema.

saqme imaSia, rom informaciis myisier gavrcelebasTan erTad, sxvadasxva

kulturac ufro metad xelmisawvdomi gaxda, sxvadasxva momReral-

mgalobelTa koleqtivis ucxo qveynebSi gamarTulma koncertebma, qarTuli

tradiciuli simRera-galobis auditoria gaafarTova; sakuTriv

saqarTveloSi, sxvadasxva qveynis tradiciuli musikis Semsruleblebi

stumrobis Sedegad SesaZlebeli gaxda, rom qarTveli msmeneli sxvadasxva

eTnomusikas ziareboda. cocxali sakoncerto Sesrulebis garda kidev

ufro win wavida kompaqtur diskze aRbeWdili sakoncerto Tu studiuri

Canawerebis gamocemisa da gavrcelebis saqmec; amasTan qarTuli

tradiciuli musika ukve xelmisawvdomia internetSi (amazon, iTune, liturgica da

sxva internet-gverdebze). yovelive zemoaRniSnulma xeli Seuwyo

musikaluri tradiciebis urTierTgacvlis process da sxvadasxva

musikaluri kulturisadmi interesi gazarda.

uSualod qarTul saeklesio galobasTan mimarTebiT ori sakiTxi

unda gamoiyos:

ucxoelTa mier qarTuli tradiciuli musikis sakoncerto repertuarSi

damkvidreba, repertuaris farglebSi ki qarTuli sagaloblebis arseboba

da maTi iseTi Sesruleba, rodesac Semsrulebeli ar aris

marTlmadidebluri konfesiis mqone da saeklesio galobas warmoadgens,

rogorc qarTuli tradiciuli musikis erT-erT nawils. aseT pirobebSi

mniSvnelovania xazi gaesvas im garemoebas, rom ucxoeli Semsrulebeli

qarTul sagalobels yovelTvis qarTul enaze asrulebs.

saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT arsebulAaraqarTulUmarTlmadideblur

taZrebSi, qarTuli saeklesio galobiT daintereseba mniSvnelovanwilad

gaizarda. iqneba es taZris winamZRvrisa Tu uSualod mgalobelTa gundis

survili, sxvadasxva tradiciis sagaloblebis samgaloblo repertuarSi

Setana ukve Cveul movlenad iqca. aRniSnuli praqtika gansakuTrebiT did

religiur dResaswaulebze iCens Tavs. am SemTxvevaSi qarTuli galobisadmi

99

midgoma gansxvavebulia, radgan pirvel rigSi igi aRiqmeba, rogorc

eklesiis kanoniT ganpirobebuli profesiuli musika, romelic

zogadqristianul da zogadmarTlmadideblur konteqstSi igalobeba.

imisaTvis, rom taZarSi myofma mrevlma ucxo hangi ufro ukeT gaigos da

gaiTavisos, saWiroa sagalobeli maTTvis gasageb enaze Sesruldes. erTi

SexedviT am saqmes is garemoeba aiolebs, rom sagalobelTa teqstebis

umetesoba Targmans ar saWiroebs, radgan saqme marTlmadideblur kanonikur

teqsts exeba, romelic yvela marTlmadideblur tradiciaSi Targmnili da

damkvidrebulia. aq sakiTxi amgvarad dgas: misaRebia Tu ara qarTuli

saeklesio hangis – berZnul, slavur, inglisur da sxva enaze mosaubre

marTlmadidebeli mrevlisaTvis, mgalobelTa mier maT mSobliur enaze

galoba; anda piriqiT – araqarTuli marTlmadidebluri hangis qarTul

enaze galoba. vfiqrobT aRniSnuli sakiTxi wmida sinodisa da galobis

specialistTa jgufis ganxilvis sagnad SeiZleba iqces, Tumca manamde,

winamdebare kvlevis farglebSi informatTa damokidebulebis gamorkvevas

SevecadeT (ixileT magaliTi N8).

rogorc gamokiTxvam aCvena, informantTa 67% miiCnevs, rom saeklesio hangi

mSobliur enaze unda igalobebodes. gamokiTxulTa 17% qarTuli hangis

მართლმადიდებ

ლური

ტრადიციის

ფარგლებში,


საეკლესიო

ჰანგის სხვა

ენაზე გალობა

17%

არაქართული

მართლმადიდებ

ლური ჰანგის

ქართულ ენაზე

გალობა

4%

არცერთი

67%

ორივე

12%


100

sazRvrebs gareT ucxo enaze galobas misaRebad miiCnevs, xolo gacilebiT

mcire 4% Sexvda ucxo hangis qarTulad galobis momxreebs, rac vfiqrobT

garkveulwilad saqarTveloSi bizantiuri galobis Semswavleli jgufis

aqtivobasac ukavSirdeba. gamokiTxulTa 12% miiCnevs, rom orive varianti

misaRebia. Cveni azriT, qarTuli saeklesio galobis saqarTvelos sazRvrebs

gareT gasvla gardauvali da Seuqcevadi procesia. aq yovelgvar akrZalvaze

saubari zedmetia; gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ki hangis teqstze gawyoba

saWiroebs, raSic qarTuli galobis specialistebma unda miiRon

monawileoba. vfiqrobT aucilebelia SemuSavdes qarTuli hangis ucxo

kanonikur teqstze gawyobis ZiriTadi principebi, raTa saWiroebis

SemTxvevaSi ucxoelma regentebma sowred am principis mixedviT

ixelmZRvanelon. aRniSnuli principebis CamoyalibebaSi gaTvaliswinebul

unda iqnas sakuTriv qarTuli himnografiuli teqstebis maxasiaTeblebi da

aseve im enis Taviseburebebi, romelzec hangi unda igalobon.

bunebrivia, kvlevisas gverds ver avuvlidi qarTuli saeklesio

galobis kanonikurobis sakiTxs da am mimarTulebis pirveli SekiTxvac

martivad davsviT: migaCniaT Tu ara is, rasac Tqven galobT – kanonikur

galobad (ixileT magaliTi 9). aRniSnul SekiTxvas kanonzomierad mohyva

uSualod galobis kanonikurobis arsis ganxilva. informantTa nawilma es

rTul SekiTxvad miiCnia, zogs mokle pasuxis gacema gauWirda, nawilis

azriT galobis kanonika `hangze teqstis swor ganawilebaSi, bgeris sworad

aRebaSi, Sesrulebis manerasa da mravalxmianobaSi” mdgomareobs, aseve

`imaSi, rom sagaloblebi Semonaxulia Cveni winaprebis mier, uZvelesia da

ar hgavs sxva arcerT hangs”;აnawilisTvis kanonikuroba galobis

`Sesrulebis wesSi, sagaloblis teqstisa da hangis sombolur

gamoxatulebaSi, sagalobelTa sxvadasxva JanrSi rvaxmis sistemis

muSaobaSi” gamoixateba, zogierTi informantis azriT kanonikuri galoba

locvisTvis unda ganawyobdes. pasuxebSi araerTxel aRiniSna, rom

kanonikuri galoba Taobidan Taobaze gadacemul tradicias ukavSirdeba da

rom sagalobelTa kanonikuri `saSemsruleblo stiliT da teqnikiT

101

Sesruleba” Cvenamde moRweul “unikalur CanawerebSi kargad aris

gadmocemuli”.

qarTuli saeklesio galobis kanonikisadmi informatTa xedvisa da

damokidebulebis ukeT warmosaCenad, SedarebiT vrceli pasuxebidan

ramdenime amonarids moviyvanT.

`RvTismsaxurebis praqtikaSi arsebuli sagaloblebis umravlesoba

aris naTargmni himnebi, romelTa teqstis TargmnasTan erTad hangze

gawyobac garkveuli wesebisa da manamde arsebuli qarTuli tradiciis

mixedviT xdeboda mexeleebis mier. Cven SegviZlia miqael modrekilidan

dawyebuli igive wm.Ggiorgi mTawmidelis anderZebSi am Temaze iribi da

pirdapiri miniSnebebi vnaxoT, aseve anton meoris mier damuSavebul

liturgikul krebulebSi, sadac man qarTuli wignebi slavuri krebulebis

mixedviT daaredaqtira, hangze miniSneba masac aqvs umetesoba

sagaloblebze, rac gvaZlevs imis fiqris safuZvels, rom teqtsTan

paralelurad hangis zedmiwevniT miTiTeba imitom xdeboda, rom es iyo da

aris misi kanoni, anu wesi Tu romeli sagalobeli romeli xmis an

Zlispiris konkretul hangze unda sruldebodes, da aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom

დიახ

91%

არა

3%

სხვა

6%


102

rvaxmaTa sistemis TiToeul xmas Tormetze meti hangi aqvs, magaliTad

SegviZlia moviyvanoT xmasTan erTad miTiTeba pirveli xmis erT-erT

sagalobelze raJams iordanes”, rac migvaniSnebs imaze Tu am xmis romel

hangze sruldeba es sagalobeli. aseTi miniSnebebi mravlad gvxvdeba yvela

saeklesio krebulSi.”

`vinaidan ar vicnob marTlmadidebluri galobis Seqmnis dawvrilebiT

musikalur kanonebs, da isic ar vici zustad, aseTi ram arsebobs Tu ara,

sagaloblebis kanonikurobis gansasazRvrad CemTvis mniSvnelovania am

saqmis specialistebis da eklesiis azri, Tumca Cemi piradi SexedulebiT,

kanonikuria galoba, romelic adamians locvisaTvis ganawyobs, da romelic

aucileblad jdeba im ieris musikalur harmoniaSi da enaSi, romelsac

ekuTvnis.”

`kanonikuria is, rac adgilobrivma eklesiam Tavisi tradiciebidan

gamomdinare Tavis iurisdiqciaSi daakanona; saeklesio galobis wesebi, rac

dadgenilia saukuneebis manZilze kompetenturi adamianebis mier...”

`kanonikuria sagalobeli, romelic 2003 wels, wminda sinodis

ganCinebiT iqna nebadarTuli, anu qarTuli samxmovani sagalobeli. galobis

kanonika mdgomareobs qarTuli tradiciuli mravalxmiani sagaloblebis,

sami ZiriTadi samgaloblo skolis – gelaTis, Semoqmedisa da iyalTos

nimuSebis SesrulebaSi, Sesabamisi qarTuli maneriTa da metyvelebiT.”

`cnobilia, rom marTlmadideblur saeklesio sagaloblebs safuZvlad

daedo wminda mamaTa mier TvTivCagonebiT da gamocxadebiT Seqmnili

gansazRvruli raodenobis melodiuri arqetipebi (melodiuri formulebi),

e. w. modusebi, romlebic rva jgufadaa dayofili da rvaxmis sistemas qmnis.

maTi darRveva eklesiisTvis miuRebeli iyo, xolo axali hangis damkvidreba

ukavSirdeboda eklesiis mier misi kanonizaciis rTul process. zogierTi

mkvlevrisaTvis es aris Teoria, romelsac araferi aqvs saerTo

103

realobasTan, magram sxvadasxva epoqis himnografTa gamonaTqvamebi da

saeklesio sagalobelTa musikalur kanonzomierebaTa ganxilva am

debulebis marTebulebaSi eWvs ar iwvevs... galobis kanonika mdgomareobs

tipikonisa da Zveli (nevmirebuli) galobis SeTanawyobaSi, gansazrRvruli

musikaluri enis TaviseburebebSi da mis Sesabamis saSemsruleblo maneraSi,

romelic trdadiciiTaa gamyarebuli.”

`pirvel rigSi unda iyos samxmiani da eqceodes im CarCoebSi, rac

damaxasiaTebelia umetesad qarTuli galobisaTvis, aseve unda iTqvas, rom

galobis dros umniSvnelovanesia teqsti, romelic ar unda

ewinaaRmdegebodes marTlmadideblur kanonikas. kanonikuria tipikonis

mixedviT nagalobebi tradiciuli da mravalxmiani sagaloblebi.”

`kanonikuroba vlindeba sagaloblis kilos ucvlelobisa da wmindad

dacvaSi... samxmianobaSi, siZveleSi, tradiciaSi, sworad SesrulebaSi. unda

vigaloboT Zveli tradiciuli da ara martivi sagaloblebi.”

`kanonikuria galoba, romelic eyrdnoba sagaloblisaTvis

damaxasiaTebel musikalur sistemas, gamoyenebulia kanonikuri teqtsebi

RmrTismsaxurebidan da daculia 3 xmis arseboba – samebis simboluri

gansaxierebiT.”

`kanonikuroba Cans rvaxmis sistemaSi; qarTuli samxmiani galobis

winaprebisgan gadmocemul tradiciaSi da wmindanebis mier aRdgenil da

gawyobil xmebSi.”

rogorc vxedavT informantebis garkveul nawils Camoyalibebuli

warmodgena aqvs imaze, Tu raSi da rogor vlindeba saeklesio galobis

kanonika. xSirad vxvdebiT `tradiciisa” da `kanonikis” cnebaTa aRrevas,

Tumca aseve gvaqvs pasuxi, romelSic Cans, rom mgalobeli xedavs maT Soris

arsebul sxvaobas da tradicias aRwers, rogorc kanonikis gamamyarebels.

104

pasuxebis absoluturi umravlesoba `samxmianobasa” Tu `mravalxmianobas”

galobaSi kanonikis dacvis erT-erT umTavres pirobad miiCnevs. kanonikis

aRwerisas mgaloblebi aseve xSirad axseneben rvaxmis sistemas. vrceli

pasuxebis umetesobaSi miRebuli Sedegebi savsebiT Seesabameba

gamokiTxulTa 91% procentis dadebiT pasuxs kiTxvaze `migaCniaT Tu ara

is, rasac galobT kanonikur galobad”, radgan TiToeulma maTganma SeZlo,

rom galobis kanonikaze miseuli xedva gaeziarebina. amasTan, me-9 magaliTSi

mocemuli 6%, romelmac Seavso grafa sxva, repertuaris xarvezebze

miTiTebis miuxedavad aRniSna, rom maTi galoba ZiriTadad kanonikuria.

rogoria damokidebuleba qarTuli saeklesio galobis kanonikis

uaxles istoriisa da misi semantikis Sesaxeb? `qarTuli kanonikuri

galobis aRdgenis saqmeSi dResdReobiT mokrZalebuli nabijebia

gadadgmuli. misi ganaxleba pirvelad anCisxatis sakaTedro taZarSi daiwyo.

anCisxatis uZvelesi taZari yovelTvis ganTqmuli iyo saganmanaTleblo da

samgaloblo tradiciebiT. XIX-XX saukuneTa mijnaze aq moRvaweobdnen

qarTuli galobis aRmosavluri skolis erT-erTi Stos – e. w. karbelaanT

kilos mgaloblebi – Zmebi (mRvdlebi) karbelaSvilebi... qarTuli galoba

SeiZleba warmovidginoT, rogorc qarTveli kacis Semoqmedebis, misi

sulieri mdgomareobis gamovlineba. amis Tqmis uflebas gvaZlevs misi ori

ZiriTadi Semadgeneli: 1. sityva qarTuli, kanonikuri teqsti, galobis

mamoZravebeli Zala, romelic warmodgenilia RvTisa da uflis

wmindanebisadmi sadidebel-savedrebeli locvis saxiT. sagalobelSi

warmodgenili sityva zedmiwevniT daxvewili saxisaa. sityviT Seqmna RmerTma

yoveli xiluli da uxilavi, xolo kacisaTvis sityvis umTavresi

daniSnuleba da mizani RvTis dideba da locva-vedrebaa; 2. xma – kanonikuri

hangi, sityvidan gamomdinare, romelic sakuTriv qarTuli movlenaa”

(erqvaniZe, 2001:VII).

kvlevis interesebidan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovnad miviCnie

repertuaris sakiTxs Sevxebodi da gamerkvia Tu romel sagaloblebs

galoben mgalobelTa gundebi dRvandel dRes saqarTvelos taZrebSi.

105

erTdroulad ramdenime pasuxis arCevis SesaZleblobis gaTvaliswinebiT,

Sedegebi ase gadanawilda: (ixileT magaliTi N10).

miRebuli Sedegi CemTvis mosalodneli iyo, rasac araerTi mizezi

ganapirobebs, kerZod – is, rom samgaloblo gundebisaTvis, sagalobelTa

gamoucemeli Tu gamocemuli xelmisawvdomi krebulebis (mwuxri, ciskari,

wirva) raodenobis TvalsazrisiT, karbelaSvilebis kilosa da gelaTis

skolis sagaloblebi Warbobs; aseve sagulisxmoa saSemsruleblo

sirTuleebisa da zogierT SemTxvevaSi mgalobelTa gundSi im arasakmarisi

resursis gaTvaliswineba, rac karbelaSvilebis kilos sagaloblebis

Sesrulebas axlavs Tan; amasTan am ukanaskneli stilis galoba droSic

ufro ganvrcobilia, rac RvTismsaxurebis gaxangrZlivebas uwyobs xels,

ris gamoc (drois mogebis mizniT) calkeul SemTxvevebSi maT ufro mokle

da sada kilos sagaloblebiT anacvleben. grafaSi sxva ganTavsebuli 10%

samgaloblo repertuaris dakonkretebas moicavs, sadac yvelaze xSiri

kombinaciebia: 1. karbelaSvilebis kilosa da gelaTis samonastro skolis

sagaloblebi; 2. karbelaSvilebis kilos, gelaTisa da Semoqmedis

samonastro skolebis sagaloblebi. gamovlinda araerTi samgaloblo

gundi, romlis repertuari mxolod gelaTis samonastro skolis

კარბელაშვილები

ს კილოს

საგალობლებს

25%

გელათის

სამონასტრო

სკლოსი


51%

შემოქმედის

სამონასტრო

სკოლის


12%

ე. წ. „სიონურ"

საგალობლებს"

2% სხვა

10%


106

sagaloblebisagan Sedgeba. zogierT SemTxvevaSi zemoTCamoTvlil

kombinaciebs, uwmindesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqis ilia meoris sagaloblebi emateba. 2%-iani maCveneblis garda,

iSviaTad, magram mainc gamoikveTa repertuarSi sionuri sagaloblebis

arseboba, rac aseve grafaSi sxva karbelaSvilebis kilosa da gelaTis

skolis sagaloblebTan erTad kombinaciebSi gvxvdeba.

repertuarTan dakavSirebuli momdevno SekiTxva uSualod uwmindesisa

da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia meoris

mier Seqmnil sagaloblebs ukavSirdeba, romelTa repertuarSi arsebobis

Sesaxeb dadebiTi da uaryofiTi pasuxebis Sedegebi ixileT magaliTSi N11.

zemoaRniSnuli pasuxebis garda gamokiTxulTa 16%-ma Seavso grafa sxva,

sadac pasuxebs Soris mxolod im ramdenime saxasiaTo maTgans gamovyof,

romelTa nawilSi repertuaris farglebSi konkretuli sagaloblebis

arsebobis tendenciac ikveTeba.

`viciT, magram iSviaTad vgalobT”, `ZiriTadad es ori: mamao Cveno da

wmindao RmerTo”, `mamao gvTxovs - mamao Cvenos”, `mciredad – Rirs arisi”,

`wmindao RmerTo da micvalebulTa kvereqsi”, `adre vgalobdiT, magram axla

aRar”, `repertuarSi gvaqvs, magram ara taZarSi wirva-locvaze saTqmelad”,

დიახ, გვაქვს

31%

არა, არ გვაქვს

53%

სხვა

16%


107

`adre SeiZleboda gvegaloba wmindao RmerTo an mamao Cveno, radgan xalxs

uyvars es sagaloblebi da Cvenc TiTqos patriarqis pativiscemis gamo uars

ar vambobdiT maT Sesrulebaze, Tumca es sakiTxi TviTon patriarqma

gadaWraL roca gavige misi kurTxevis Sesaxeb, rom es sagaloblebi mxolod

misma gundma unda Seasrulos amoviReT repertuaridan (patriarqi marTla

araCveulebrivi adamiania)”, `sionuri gamoricxulia – kategoriulad

vewinaaRmdegebiT; patriarqis – rogorc nawarmoebs vusmen da pativs vcem,

magram is rom taZarSi igalobebodes, ar mimaCnia marTebulad.”

pasuxebSi gamoikveTa sakiTxisadmi jansaRi damokidebuleba,

informantebma sruliad gulaxdilad gamiziares sakuTari xedva, ramac

kvlevis obieqturoba kidev ufro ganamtkica.

momdevno SekiTxvis mizani iyo gamerkvia, Tu

- ramden mgalobels SeeZlo notebis kiTxva da am gziT sagaloblebis

Seswavla,

- notebis kiTxva SeeZlo, Tumca sagaloblebis smeniT swavla erCia,

- sagaloblebs mxolod smeniT swavlobda, radgan notebis kiTxva ar

SeeZlo (ixileT magaliTi N12).

ნოტებს

ვკითხულობ და

ამიტომ გალობას

სანოტო

კრებულებიდან

ვსწავლობ

55%

ნოტებს

ვკითხულობ,

თუმცა სმენით

სწავლა

მირჩევნია

22%

ნოტებს ვერ

ვკითხულობ და

გალობას სმენით

ვსწავლობ

7%

სხვა

16%


108

grafaSi sxva, informantTa absoluturi umravlesoba yuradRebas

sagaloblebis fonoCanawerebze amaxvilebs, rac galobis smeniT Seswavlis

Sesaxeb dasmul SekiTxvaSi moiazreboda, Tumca meti sicxadis Setanis

mizniT gamokiTxulTa 16%-ma sakiTxis dakonkreteba amjobina: `vusmen

galobas, ra Tqma unda notebis gamoyenebiT”, `vswavlob notebiT da

paralelurad audiomasalis TanxlebiT”, `rTul kilos vusmenT da notebiT

vswavlobT”; amave grafaSi naxsenebi iqna qarTuli samusiko niSnebis

daxmarebiT galobis Seswavlis Sesaxebac - `...aseve Zveli nevmebis

meSveobiT.”

Kkvlevis Semdgom etapze qarTuli saeklesio galobisa da

kulturuli identobis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxs Sevexe; msurda gamego

Tu ra mizezis safuZvelze daakavSirebdnen informantebi galobas

kulturul identobasTan, an saerTod daakavSirebdnen Tu ara. SekiTxva ase

JRerda: `qarTuli galoba, Tqveni kulturuli identobis nawilad migaCniaT,

imdenad, ramdenadac: (ixileT magaliTi N13).

yvelaze maRali procentuli maCvenebeli wilad xvda kulturul identobas,

romelic galobis religiur aspeqtsa da musikalur tradicias

erTobliobaSi moiazrebs. swored tradiciis, rogorc aseTis gagrZelebis


გალობა

თაობებზე

გადაცემული

სასიმღერო

ტრადიციაა

5% ქართული

გალობა

ღვთისმსახურები

ს განუყოფელი

ნაწილია

(რელიგიური


34%

ზემოაღნიშნულ

ორივე პასუხს

ჩემთვის თანაბრი

მნიშვნელობა

აქვს

60%

ჩემი

კულტურული

იდენტობის

ნაწილად არ

მიმაჩნია

1%


109

perqspeqtivis gamosarkvevad davsviT momdevno SekiTxva `Svilebs Tu

aswavliT/aswavlidiT galobas?” (ixileT magaliTi N14).

am mosalodneli Sedegis gamorkvevis mTavari mizani iyo, mgalobelTa

nawilisaTvis im miswrafebis gamovlenis SesaZlebloba migveca, romelic

maT, rogorc erovnuli musikaluri tradiciis gamgrZeleblebsa da

gadamcemebs ukavSirdeba. grafaSi sxva – mocemuli iyo 4 ZiriTadi

mimarTuleba: 1. aucileblad vaswavli; 2. Tu Sesabamisi monacemebi eqneba,

vaswavli, 3. Svilebi ar myavs, magram ojaxis danarCen wevrebs ukve vaswavle

(dedmamiSvilebi, disSvilebi, ZmisSvilebi), 4. ar vici, Svilebi ar myavs.

Semdegi sakiTxi dakavSirebulia saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi,

mxolod am ukanasknelisTvis damaxasiaTebeli, an nebismieri sxva skolis

sagaloblebis SesrulebasTan. SekiTxva davsviT amgvarad: `migaCniaT Tu ara,

rom saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi, mgaloblebma maTi kuTxisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli sagaloblebi unda igalobon” (ixileT magaliTi N15).

კი

83%

არა

3% სხვა

14%


110

am konkretul da vfiqrob Zalze mniSvnelovan sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT,

SedegebTan dakavSirebiT winaswari molodini ar mqonia, ufro metic –

sakmaod saintereso da saxaisTo aRmoCnda is, rom gamokiTxul mgalobelTa

umravlesoba sakiTxs `aratradiciulad” miudga, rac Cveni azriT galobis

arsebuli mdgomarebiT aris ganpirobebuli; kerZod ki imiT, rom:

- dRes saqarTveloSi galobis mcodne adamianTa ricxvi arc ise didia,

- galobis mxriv yvelaze savalalo mdgomareoba swored regionebSia,

- farTo sazogadoebis mxirdan galobis sferosadmi interesi

minimalur zRvarzea.

aseTi fonis gaTvaliswinebiT, garkveulwilad fufunebac ki iqneboda

imis survili, rom yvela regionSi, mxolod am kuTxisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli samgaloblo skolis sagaloblebi egalobaT. rac ufro

meti iqneba raodenoba imgvari mgaloblebisa, romelTac sxvadasxva

stilis sagaloblebis Sesruleba xelewifebaT, miT ufro gaizrdeba

qarTuli galobis gavrcelebis areali, miTumetes, rom saqarTvelos

sxvadasxva kuTxis sagaloblebi erTi Ziridan modian. msjelobas

qarTuli tradiciuli musikis mkvlevrisa da praqtikosis – daviT

SuRliaSvilis Sromis moSveliebiT ganvagrZob, romelic qarTuli

კი, სასურველია

თუ მაგალითად

კახეთში

მხოლოდ

„კარბელაანთ

კილო"-ზე

იგალობებენ

19%

არა, აჯობებს თუ

საქართველოს

ნებისმიერ

კუთხეში,

მგალობელთა

რეპერტუარი

ყველა სკოლას

მოიცავს

76%

სხვა

5%

0%


111

galobis StoTa erTianobas eZRvneba. igi gamoyofs yvelasaTvis cnobil

or ZiriTad Stos: dasavlur imerul-gurlsa da aRmosavlur qarTl-

kaxurs da qarTuli galobis Cvenamde moRweuli ZiriTadi wyaroebis

mixedviT, kiloebis SedarebiTi analizis safuZvelze, pirveli xmis – anu

mTqmelis melodiuri RerZis msgavsebasa da erTianobas avlens

(SuRliaSvili, 1991:122-171). avtori aseve iSveliebs cnobas, romelSic

publicisti, qarTuli zepirsityvierebisa da xalxuri simRerebis

Semgrovebeli – petre umikaSvili sionis sakaTedro taZarSi mowveuli

ori gundis nagalobevis safuZvelze, qarTl-kaxur da imerul-gurul

kiloTa gansxvavebaze wers. aRniSnul cnobas, Cven ufro vrceli

amonaridis saxiT moviyvanT, rac movlenis ufro TvalnaTel aRweras

emsaxureba: `galoba sionSi oris dasis iyo: marcxniv (CrdiloeTiT)

sadac mudam mgaloblebi dganan, maRlob taxtze idga erTi gundi

qarTl-kaxeTis kiloTi mgaloblebisa, marjvniv, (samxreTiT) idga dabla

meore gundi gurulebisa, romelic imereT-guriis kiloTi galobda.

qarTl-kaxeTis dasSi xuTi Tu eqvsi kaci iyo da imereTis dasSi sami Tu

oTxi; samwirveloSi galobis dros am meore dasidan unda gasuliyvnen.

am garemoebis mizeziT Zneli Sesadarebeli iyo am orTa dasis galoba,

mizezi, rogorca vTqviT, iqo met-nakleboba erTi da maRla da dabla

dogma meore, kidev iyo mesameca, isa rom qarTl-kaxeTis mgaloblebi sul

ymawvili kacebi iyvnen (imaTSi orni karbelaSvilni) da gurulebSi ufro

xnianni da erTi moxucebuli mRvdeli... pirveli xma (daZaxili) ufro

maRali iyo meores gundisaze, meore xma (moZaxili) agreTve maRali da

boxi, vidre meore gundisa da bani pirvels gunds ufro meti hqonda.

meore gundSi bani Zlivs ismoda xmis sisustisa da mgaloblebis

naklebobisa gamo... orsave dass etyoboda, cdilobdnen, rom galoba

karga SeewyyobiT gamosuliyo, magram sCanda, rom winaT momzadeba,

repeticiebi ara hqondaT. darwmunebuli varT, rom winaT gamarTuli

oTxiode repeticia maTs galobas erTi oraT mSvenivrad gamoiyvanda...

orsave (qarTl-kaxeTisa da imereT-guriis) galobis ZiriTadi xmebi

(motivebi) erTi da igivea. magram xmis amaRleba da dadableba, daklakvna

112

da gadasvla orsav galobas SesamCnevad erTmaneTisagan hyofs da

erTmaneTSi asxvaferebs. qarTl-kaxeTis galoba srulis gaRebulis piriT

igalobeba; imereT-guruli ki RiRiniT, guguniT cota cxvirSi, da

amasTanave xmis rekiT, TiTqos did-paraskevis zarebi rekdeso. xmis

SewyobiTa da harmoniiT gansxvaveba cxadia. qarTl-kaxeTis galoba

warmoadgens aRmtacs, amaRlebuls, sasixarulos da sadResaswaulo

RaRadebas; imereT-guruli galoba ki Rrmas, usamzRvros, saidumlos,

Soreuls, damdablebuls, mowiwebyls grZnobas. imereT_guruls

galobaze amboben ìaia” Zalian bevriao. imas ki yuradRebas ar aqcevdnen,

ra xmebi aris am ìaias” galobaSi: es mTeli zRva xmebisa, romelSiac,

rogorc zvirTi Zlieri ibadeba da bolos inTkmis Tval-gauwvdenels

zRvaSia, ise grZnobis zvirTebi erTmaneTsa sdeven, midian da miaqvT kacis

goneba sadRaca samzRvro saidumloebaSi. Tavdeba am dasis xmebi da

moismis qarTl-kaxeTis dasis galoba. wina xmebiT saRmTo siRrmeSi

CanTqmuli kacis ocneba gamohyavs samxiarulo, sadResaswaulo da

gamarjvebuls RaRadebas...” 19 rogorc d. SuRliaSvili aRniSnavs,

yuradRebas iqcevs fraza `xmis SewyobiTa da harmoniiT ganxvaveba

cxadia”, da dasZens, rom moZaxili (meore xma) da bani TqmasTan (pirveli

xma) SedarebiT Tavisufalia `kanonikuri CarCoebisgan”, Tumca wyaroTa

Sedarebis safuZvelze, saerTo – RerZuli bgerebis arseboba am xmebSic

aSkarad SeiniSneba, rac aseve maTi warmoSobis saerTo Zirze miuTiTebs

(SuRliaSvili, 1991:160). viziareb d. SuRliaSvilis mosazrebas imasTan

dakavSirebiT, rom marTlac, zemoaRniSnul citataSi, ori ZiriTadi Stos

galobis ganmasxvavebel kriteriumebad, p. umikaSvili mxolod

Sesrulebis xasiaTsa da urTierTgansxvavebul ganwyobas asaxelebs, rac

sayovelTaod cnobilia da araerTxel gamxdara mkvlevarTa aRweris

sagani. swored pirveli – kanonikuri xmis msgavseba aris sxvadasxva

kuTxis samgaloblo skolebis saerTo warmomavlobis is utyuari sabuTi,

romelis safuZvelzec dRes, samusiko mecnierebisaTvis am sakiTxTan

19

ixileT: umikaSvili, petre – qarTuli saeklesio galoba, ìveria” 1878 weli, N39, gv.5-7.

113

mimarTebiT yvela kiTxvas pasuxi sabolood gaeca. me-15 magaliTSi

mocemul grafaSi sxva, informantebi saubroben imaze, rom

profesionalma mgalobelma yvela samgaloblo skolis sagalobeli unda

icodes da Seswevdes unari, rom saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi

aRniSnuli sagaloblebi mrevlamde miitanos; Tumca iqve dasZenen –

uSualod taZarSi sasurvelia, rom upiratesoba `kuTxur” galobas

mieniWos.

kvlevis farglebSi aseve gvsurda gamogverkvia, Tu ra mdgomareobaSia

samgaloblo tradiciebis Tbilisidan sofelSi dabrunebis procesi da

ikveTeba Tu ara am mxriv raime saxis tendencia. dasmuli SekiTxva aseTi

iyo: `Tqven Tavad Tu galobT/aswavliT galobas Tbilisis gareT

qalaqebSi, soflebSi, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva monasterSi (dadebiTi

pasuxis SemTxvevaSi, grafaSi sxva gTxovT miuTiToT sad da ra

sixSiriT”. gairkva, rom gamokiTxulTa 21% TqmiT, isini msgavs praqtikas

ar ewevian; 39% ki piriqiT – am saqmianobiTaa dakavebuli, xolo 40%-ma

pasuxi Cawera grafaSi sxva, sadac ufro konkretulad miuTiTa, rom

rogorc galobis pedagogi, periodulad Cadis saqarTvelos ama Tu im

regionSi, kerZod: `sam kviraSi erTxel vikribebiT manglisSi... davdivar

monasterSi da rogorc SemiZlia vexmarebi bers”, `zemo maCxaanSi

davdivar”, `sapatriarqos axalgzardul centrSi vaswavli galobas

rogorc biWebs, ise gogonebs” (2015-2016 saswavlo wlidan, giorgi

mTawmindelis saxelobis saeklesio galobis umaRles saswavlebelSi,

gogonaTa miReba daiwyes – e.d.),, `davdivar alaverdSi, martvilSi,

TianeTSi, dedofliswyaroSi da sxva regionebSi, met-naklebi sixSiriT –

zogjer yovelkvireulad, zogjer TveSi an orTveSi erTxel”, `ZiriTadad

vamecadineb megobrebs da axloblebs, visac bunebrivi monacemebi aqvs”,

`fitareTSi wirvaze migalobia”, `baTumSi davdivar”, `TveSi erTxel

Cavdivar iq, sadac qarTuli saeklesio galobis Sesrulebis mxriv

deficitia”, `vaswavli qalaq gorSi”, `vaswavli borjomSi – 40

sebastieli mowamis monasterSi”, `vaswavli ojaxSi meuRlesa da

Svilebs”, `vaswavli samgaloblo studiaSi”, `davdivar TeTriwyarosa da

114

sofel iragaSi”, `davdivar zugdid-caiSis eparqiaSi”, `manglisis sionis

taZarSi ardadegebze sul davdivar da zogjer swavlis periodSic –

SabaT-kviras”, `TeleTSi vgalob da vcdilob kviraSi ori saaTi, Cemi

codnis sxvebisTvis gaziarebis process davuTmo”, `zogjer TelavSi

Cavdivar”, `dResaswaulebze sxvadasxva kuTxeSi davdivar”, `orxevis

wminda ninos taZarSi, TiTqmis yovel kviras mivdivar”, `var goris

sakaTedro taZris mgalobeli da galobas xaSuris wm. dimitri yifianis

saxelobis skola-pansionSi vaswavli; sxvadasxva dros vaswavlidi

urbnisi, atenis, xaSuris wm. marines dedaTa monastrebSi”, `bolnisSi

vaswavli”, arasistematurad miwevs saqarTvelos sxvadasxva eparqiaSi

Casvla da galoba, weliwadSi 6-7-jer”, `SabaT-kviras vgalob moskovis

wminda giorgis eklesiaSi”. Citatebis es arasruli CamonaTvali imaze

miuTiTebs, rom am mimarTulebiT garkveuli moZraoba arsebobs, Tumca

mas arasistemuri xasiaTi aqvs, umetes SemTxvevaSi Tavad mgalobelTa

keTil nebazea damokidebuli da Sesabamisad regionebSi galobis

mdgomareobis gaumjobesebaze mcired asaxvas hpovebs.

erT-erTi yvelaze ufro bunebrivi sakiTxi, romlis ganxilvasac

informantebTan erTad SevecadeT, msoflio globalizaciis process da

qarTul galobaze mis gavlenas ukavSirdeba, rac mcire erebSi

sxvadasxva tradiciul kulturaTa miviwyebis zogad tendencias

exmaureba. Sedegebis mixedviT: (ixileT magaliTi N16)

115

qvemoT moyvanilia is ZiriTadi mosazrebani, romelic mgaloblebma

miuTiTes grafaSi sxva:

`iyo periodi, rodesac qarTuli galoba marTlac idga saSiSroebis winaSe,

magram dRes am mxriv didi nabijebia gadadgmuli da winsvla igrZnoba”;

`es imazea damokidebuli Tu ramdenad gavrceldeba saqarTveloSi galobis

mimarT interesi da ra tempiT Catardeba am mxriv muSaoba”;

`vfiqrob globalizacias galobaze gavlena ar aqvs, piriqiT, qarTuli

galobis aRmavloba axla iwyeba. arsebuli winaaRmdegobebis miuxedavad

fexs ikidebs da kvlav mkvidrdeba taZrebSi samxmiani kanonikuri galoba”;

`qarTuli galoba aRdgenis procesSia da vimedovneb srulad aRdgeba,

Tumca safrTxe arsebobs”;

`gavlena SeiZleba qondes, oRond ara miviwyebis kuTxiT”.

kiTxvaris daskvniTi nawili qarTul saeklesio galobasTan

mimarTebiT gatarebul kulturul politikas exeba. pirveli kiTxva aseTia:


გალობა

საშიშროების

წინაშეა, თუმცა

მივიწყებას არ

მიეცემა

33%


გალობა

საშიშროების

წინაშეა და

შესაძლოა

მივიწყებას

მიეცეს

7%

გლობალიზაციას

ქართულ

გალობაზე

გავლენა არ აქვს

48%

სხვა

12%


116

`Tqveni azriT, saqarTveloSi saeklesio galobas saTanado yuradReba

eTmoba?” (ixileT magaliTi N17)

aqve moviyvanT ramdenime sagulisxmo amonarids gamokiTxul mgalobelTa im

8%-idan, romelmac airCia grafa sxva, maT Soris problematuri regionis

konkretuli miTiTebacaa:

`yuradReba eTmoba, magram metia saWiro, yvarelSi saTanado yuradReba ar

eTmoba, nekresis eparqiaSi isev Zveli sionuri galobaa, samwuxarod”;

`yuradReba mxolod konkretul wreSi eTmoba, im adamianebs Soris, vinc

dainteresebulia, rom locvaze galoba Sesruldes da konkretulad

maTTvis, vinc galobs/visac galobisTvis saWiro ganaTleba aqvs miRebuli.

sazogadoebis mxridan daintereseba naklebia”;

`eklesiis mxridan metad mcired da arasakmarisad eTmoba yuradReba. Misi

Seswavla, kvleva da ganviTareba ufro kerZo iniciativazea damokidebuli”;

`samwuxarod mxolod Tbilisis regionSi eqceva yuradReba, vidre

saqarTvelos sxva raionebSi”.

დიახ

8%

ყურადღება

ეთმობა, მაგრამ

მეტია საჭირო

73%

ყურადღება

საერთოდ არ

ეთმობა

11% სხვა

8%


117

rogorc informantebis pasuxebidan davinaxeT, yvelaze mTavar

problemad, saeklesio galobis mxirv saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi

arsebuli mdgomareoba saxeldeba. aseve mniSvnelovania im komentarebis

gaTvaliswinebac, romlebic eklesiisa da sazogadoebis mxirdan, qarTuli

saeklesio galobis mimarT meti yuradRebis saWiroebas exeba.

mgaloblebis mier Sesavsebad davtoveT carieli grafa SekiTxvis

gaswvriv `qveyanaSi kulturis politikis gatareba rom SegeZloT, qarTuli

galobis mimarTulebiT ra nabijs gadadgamdiT, ras danergavdiT – an ras

aRmofxvridiT?”. gamokiTxulTa mosazrebebis mniSvnelovan nawils qvemoT

moviyvan da imeds vitoveb, rom es masala, rogorc am sferos mdgomareobis

amsaxveli eTnografia, sagulisxmo da yuradsaRebi iqneba imaTTvis, visac am

mxriv mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba xelewifeba.

`davnergavdi mxolod qarTuli sagaloblebis qarTulad galobas –

sityvebiTac da hangiTac; qarTuli teqstze bizantiuri galobis dadebas

aRmovfxvridi. Yvela eparqiaSi mxolod kanonikur galobas davnergavdi”;

`gavxsnidi galobis ufaso skolebs, sadac momavali mgaloblebi

safuZvlianad Seiswavlidnen galobas da masTan dakavSirebul yvela wess”;

`me rac SemiZlia vakeTeb, magram meti minda viswavlo. danarCenze laparaki

Cvengan ar aris saWiro. TviTon samRvdeloeba unda mixvdes rogori

yuradReba unda mieqces mgaloblebs’;

`pirvel rigSi davafinansebdi mgalobelTa gundebs, aseve galobis centrs,

rom yvela kuTxeSi da taZarSi mividnen galobis centris warmomadgenlebi,

iqauri mdgomareoba Seamowmon da adgilobriv gundebs rCeva miscen”;

`masiurad Sevqmnidi gundebs, an arsebul gundebs maqsimalurad yvela

saWiro sagalobels Sevaswavlidi. swavlebis sistemas gavxdidi metad

moqnils. absoluturad yvelas mivcemdi galobis Seswavlis saSualebas da

mecadineobis dones avamaRlebdi”;

118

`vizrunebdi, rom Tundac galobis umaRlesi skolis kursdamTavrebulebs

sxvadasxva restoranSi ar uwevdeT simRera da sakuTari momavlis

uzrunvelyofa (elementarul doneze mainc) maTi uSualo profesiiT,

galobiT SeeZloT”;

ùnda arsebobdes ufro meti samrevlo skolebi. aseve aucilebelia

mgaloblebis anazRaurebis sakiTxi met-naklebad mogvardes”;

`davaarsebdi samgaloblo skolebs da galobas patara asakidanve

Sevaswavlidi”;

`yvela taZarSi mgalobeli valdebuli iqneboda notebis codnisa da

romelime samgaloblo skolis mTlianad codnisa da daxvewili

Sesrulebisa. Periodulad gavmarTavdi mgalobelTa Sexvedrebs, sadac

erTmaneTs moismendnen, SeniSvnebs da Sefasebebs miscemdnen”;

àucileblad davnergavdi galobaSi sasuliero pirebis ganaTlebas, radgan

maTi am sakiTxSi gaurkvevloba, aferxebs galobis zogierT sakiTxsa da

mgalobelTa profesiul ganviTarebas. aRvmovfxvridi usmeno mgaloblebs

da xels Sevuwyobdi niWieri adamianebis galobiT dasaqmebas”;

àvaSenebdiT did monasters, sadac berebis saZmo Seikribeboda (ra Tqma

unda smeniani) da iq daiwyebda galoba aRzevebas, rogorc adre gelaTis

monasterSi, radgan Cemi azriT kargad galobisaTvis saWiroa suliereba da

profesionalizmi’;

`Sevqmnidi komisias, anda es funqcia daekisreboda galobis centrs,

romelic uzrunvelyofda imas, rom samagaliTo gundebsa Tu mgaloblebs

eqnebodaT Sesabamisi anazRaureba, ra Tqma unda ar vgulisxmob 3-4 lars.

xolo sxva danarCen gundebs, magaliTad imaT, romlebic araerTgzis

119

gafrTxilebis miuxedavad ar iSlis da repertuarSi aqvs arakanonikuri

sagaloblebi, ganayenebda es organizacia”;

`nebismieri disciplinis profesiad dafaseba mis SromiT anazRaurebas

iTvaliswinebs. mgaloblebisTvis davniSnavdi saSualo samsaxurebriv

xelfass da Sesabamisad moviTxovdi maT profesiul momzadebas, rac

mxolod RvTismsaxurebis dReebSi mgaloblebis dakavebiT ar iqneboda

SemosazRvruli”;

`pirvel rigSi samrevlo skolebs davnergavdi, sadac kvalificiuri

pedagogebi dasaqmdebodnen”;

`Camovayalibebdi standartebs, davaarsebdi saswavleblebs da SemoviRebdi

sruli mgaloblis instituts. gamovZebnidi saxsrebs mgaloblebis

sakadrisad dasafinanseblad. kargi iqneboda Tu saqarTvelos musikalur

skolebSi erT-erT aucilebel sagnad iqneba qarTuli galoba. TbilisSi,

regionebidan Camosul galobis swavlis msurvel studentebs unda SeeqmnaT

pirobebi, rom swavlis dasrulebis Semdeg galoba TavianT regionSi

aswavlon. meti popularizacia gaewios galobas televiziiT, radioTi (ar

vgulisxmob sapatriarqtos televiziasa da radios)”;

`davafinansebdi mgaloblebs da vizrunebdi rom wirva-locvaze erTi stili

araekleqtikuri galoba Sesruldes”;

`davnergavdi mxolod tradiciul galobas da profesionali

mgaloblebisTvis maRal anazRaurebas davawesebdi”;

`pirvel rigSi Camovayalibebdi komitets, romelic folkloris centris

paralelurad imuSavebda dakarguli sagaloblebis aRdgenasa da cnobilis

– popularizaciis ganxriT. vecdebodi rom galoba aramarto praqtikuli

yofiliyo, aramed sazogadoebisTvis ufro masiurad cnobili gamxdariyo

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qarTuli galobis istoria, warmoSoba, fesvebi, ganviTareba, aseve qarTuli

sagaloblebis paralelurad, yuradRebas davuTmobdi araqarTuli

sagaloblebis ganxilvasac”;

`kargi iqneba Tu yvela taZarSi, damwyebi bavSvebisTvis/mozardebisTvis

dainiSneba galobis swavlis dReebi; skolaSi Semovitandi galobis

gakveTilebs an galobis wres”;

`1.sinodis gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba (galobasTan mimarTebiT), 2. qarTuli

profesiuli musikis kvlevis centris daarseba, 3. gamorCeul mgalobelTa

gundebis finansuri waxaliseba” (dResdReobiT es misia itvirTa fondma

`qarTuli galoba” – e. d.);

`Cemi eparqiis magaliTze SemiZlia vilaparako, rom namdvilad TiTqos

galobis gareSe msaxureba ar aRevlineba, xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi eparqiaSi

6-7 gundi Camoyalibda, magram vSiSob imis magivrad rom win wavideT, ukan

mivdivarT. Rodesac galoba daviwyeT, ra Tqma unda mondomeba didi iyo,

erTgvar siaxlesTan gvqonda saqme, magram TandaTan interesi ikargeba.

vcdilob problemas mivagno. samwuxarod sasuliero pirebsac ar aqvT

saTanado ganaTleba rom swori SeniSvnebi mogvcen. wina TveSi davgegmeT

RonisZieba `gavicnoT qarTuli galoba ukeT”. mxolod stimulze da

qvecnobierze varT damyarebulni, codniTi safuZveli ar gvaqvs, amitomac

CvenTvis rTuli xdeba gaviazroT ris gadarCenaSi viRebT monawileobas.

axali sagaloblis Sesrulebas rom axldes prezentaciis saxiT

informaciis wardgena, rogorc msmenelisaTvis, ise mgalobelTaTvis...”;

`pirvel rigSi am saqmes materialurad davudgebodi mxarSi da aRdgenaSi

davexmarebodi”;

`swored rom kulturul galobaze gavakeTebdi aqcents, ufro sworad –

bgeraze. Savaldebulos gavxdidi sasuliero akademiasa da gimnaziebSi

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iswavlebodes da prioritetad iTvlebodes es sagani. Sevqmnidi jgufebs da

raionebSi maswavleblebs mivavlendi”;

`yvela kilos aRvadgendi”;

`Sevqmnidi galobis skolas, sadac zustad, xarisxianad da namdvil qarTul

galobas Seaswavlidnen xalxs, radgan galobis swavlis done Zalian

dabalia. yovel eklesiaSi gundebi gaivlidnen gamocdas, radgan galobis

SecdomiT an uxarisxod galoba didi danaSaulia uflis da saerTod

xalxis winaSe”;

`saeklesio galobis kanonikasTan dakavSirebiT, garkveul savaldebulo

wess SevimuSavebdi”;

`yvela regionSi davnergavdi samgaloblo skolebs, sadac sxvadasxva

asakobriv jgufebSi Sesabamis praqtikul Tu Teoriul codnas miiRebdnen

(notebis wera-kiTxva, galobisa da xalxuri simReris istoriis da

Sesrulebis Taviseburebebi)”;

`aRmovfxvridi arakanonikur sagaloblebis eklesiaSi Sesrulebis

tradicias (e.w. sionur sagaloblebs da xalxur motivebze Seqmnil

sagaloblebs). Davnergavdi erTdRian festivals, sadac sxvadasxva gundebi

sagaloblebs Seasrulebdnen”;

`pirvel rigSi gavxsnidi samecniero-praqtikul centrs, gamovcemdi

saxelmZRvaneloebs da qarTul galobas saswavlo procesSi davnergavdi.

vibrZolebdi gverdiTi movlenebis aRmofxvrisaTvis, rogoricaa samebis

taZris gadapranWuli e. w. galoba, rasac saxarebis sulTan araferi aqvs

saerTo. Sevaviwrovebdi bizantiuri galobis eqsperiments”;

122

`Sevqmnidi galobis Semswavlel skolebs (regionebSic!). mgaloblebs

davuniSnavdi xelfass (ara 5 lars!), rac stimuli iqneba imisTvis, rom ukeT

daeuflon galobas”;

`aRmovfxvridi arakanonikur sagaloblebs, gavxsnidi saswavleblebs,

romelSic galobis swavla nebismieri adamianisaTvis xelmisawvdomi

iqneboda. Galobis ukeT popularizaciisaTvis samauwyeblo arxebze

Sevqmnidi iseT gadacemebs, romelTa mizani qarTuli galobis gacnoba da

Seswavla iqneboda”;

`repertuaris SedgenaSi regentebs srul Tavisuflebas mivaniWebdi, samusiko

saswavleblebSi arCeviT sagnad galobas Sevitandi”;

`yvela skolaSi galobis gakveTils davnergavdi”; `regionebs met

yuradRebas mivaqcevdi”;

`galobas met popularizacias gavuwevdi da yvela taZars meti simkacriT

Sevamowmebdi (Tu ra igalobeba). kargia rom mosmenebi tardeba, Tumca amas

ufro sistematuri da organizebuli saxe unda mieces”;

`galobis Semswavlel musikalur saswavlebels ufro masStaburs gavxdidi.

vizrunebdi aRzrdili mgaloblebis sxvadasxva taZarSi ganawilebaze,

radgan mgaloblebis problema bevr taZarSia”;

`avkraZalavdi sionur da patriarqis sagaloblebis eklesiaSi

RvTismsaxurebaze Sesrulebas. Davakanonebdi yvela qarTul

marTlmadideblur taZarSi qarTuli tradiciuli kanonikuri sagaloblebis

Sesrulebas. Gamovyofdi sakmaod did biujets da weliwadSi ramdenjerme

Cavatarebdi kargad organizebul da kargad dagegmil RonisZiebebs

qarTveli mgaloblebis wasaxaliseblad da gasamxneveblad. gavaZlierebdi

da finansurad gavmarTavdi galobis skolebs yvela eparqiaSi!!!”;

123

`skolebs davaarsebdi da finansebs mivcemdi mgaloblebs, rom maT

adamianur pirobebSi am saqmis profesiul doneze xelis mokideba SeZlon”;

ànCisxatelebi da malxazi (erqvaniZe) rasac metyoda, imas”; `skolebSi

sagnad Sevitandi galobas”;

àucilebelia Seiqmndas mgalobelTa gaerTianeba, oRond formalurad ara,

rogorc es ramdenjerme moxda. Galobis centri sapatriarqodan unda

gadaixvewos kerZo SenobaSi (minimum 100kv/m). unda moxdes teqnologiuri

aRWurva (romeli saukunea!). dafinanseba – weliwadSi 1 milioni lari. yvela

eparqiaSi saWiroa galobis centris warmomadgeneli iyos mimagrebuli.

TiToeuli eparqiis galobis centris arseboba ki ararealurad mimaCnia”;

àRmovfxvridi arakanonikur sagaloblebs”; ùnda daarsdes galobis

skolebi regionebSi, did qalaqebSi raTa moxdes adgilobrivi

axalgazrdebis gaTvicnobiereba da Seswavla im kiloebis, rac maTi

kuTxeebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo… magaliTad ozurgeTSi Semoqmedis kilo

da a. S. unda moxdes xelSewyoba da finansuri uzrunvelyofa im adamianebis

vinc galobas swavlobs da Seaswavlis, raTa maT sxva samsaxurze ar

ifiqron... aseve saWiroa internet-maswavlebeli, internet-gakveTilebi da

sxva uamravi idea arsebobs”;

`mTeli saqarTvelos farglebSi regentebis gadamzadebis programas

avamoqmedebdi, yvelas mivawvdidi wirva-locvis audio versias, movamaragebdi

taZrebs (mgalobelTa gundebs) saWiro sanoto masaliT, yvela moqmed

taZarSi moRvawe sasuliero pirebs davurigebdi bukletebs, sadac qarTuli

galobis sitoriis Zireuli sakiTxebi iqneboda ganxiluli”;

`saeklesio galobisaRorZinebis saqmeSi saxelmwifos, kerZod kulturis

saministros mier statusis miniWebaze vimuSavebdi. garkveuli kriteriumebis

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dakmayofilebis safuZvelze profesiuli gundebis Camoyalibebas Sevuwyobdi

xels”;

`skolebSi galobis gakveTilebs davnergavdi”; `qarTuli galoba didi

kulturaa da is unda iswavlebodes, ara mxolod imisTvis rom taZarSi

igalobebodes”;

`vecdebodi iseT taZrebSi, sadac mgaloblebi ar yavT mezrunda am

problemis mogvarebaze da avkrZalavdi bizantiur sagaloblebs. sasurvelia

da aucilebeli kanonikuri sagaloblebi igalobebodes”;

`yvela raionSi Camovayalibebdi samrevlo skolebs, sadac safuZvlianad

Seiswavleboda Tavisi galobis istoriiT qarTuli kanonikuri galoba, raTa

galobis swori Seswavla moxdes”;

`pirvel rigSi vimedovnebdi, rom arsebuli galobis centri yofiliyos

metad orientirebuli da metad xelSewyobili struqtura sapatriarqos

mxridan, sadac mxolod Sesamowmebeli turebi ar Catardeba da Sedegze

iqneba orientirebuli, sruliad saqarTvelos masStabisT”;

`musikalur skolebSi davuSvebdi galobis galobis gakveTilebs yvela

klaselebisaTvis, mTeli 7 wlis ganmavlobaSi”;

`yvela asocirebul mgalobels yovelTviur xelfass davuniSnavdi da yvela

eparqiaSi gavgzavnidi lotbarebs “;

`Sevqmnidi galobis centrTan arsebul ufro mkacr makontrolebel

komitets, romliTac saqarTvelos masStabiT yvela im taZars

gavakontrolebdi, sadac galobis kanonika irRveva. Gamovyofi biujets,

riTac davexmarebodi yvela mgalobels, fiqsirebuli xelfasiT. Aseve

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gavgzavnidi lotbarebs saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi qarTuli kanonikuri

galobis aRsadgenad”;

`yvela skolaSi davnergavdi galobis wres, gavauqmebdi e. w. `berZnul”

galobas”;

`saeklesio tipis reklamebidan amoviRebdi fonad dadebul patriarqisa da

gaurkvevli warmoSobis sagaloblebs. unda moxdes mgalobelTa da

mRvdelTmsaxurTa gadamzadeba galobis kuTxiT. mrCeba STabeWdileba, rom

bolomde ar gvaqvs gaazrebuli Tu ra saunjea qarTuli galoba da ra

adgili unda eWiros mas saqarTvelos eklesiaSi”;

`aRmovfxvridi e. w. `sionur galobas”. monastrebSi unda dabrundes

galoba”;

`kvlevebis dafinanseba, eparqiebSi centris mier masterklasebis mowyoba,

mgalobelTaTavis anazRaurebis dadgena”;

`mgalobeli adamiani unda iyos saTanadod dafasebuli, rom mgalobloba

iyos profesia saTanado anazRaurebiT”; `yvela skolaSi da baRSic unda

iswavlebodes galoba”;

`galobas, am saqmis mcodne metad kompetentur da erovnul xalxs

Cavabarebdi”;

`arakanonikur sagaloblebsa da patriarqis sagaloblebs avkrZalavdi

msaxurebis msvlelobisas, yvela taZarSi mgaloblis kuTxisaTvis

gansakuTrebul da gancalkevebul adgils davamkvidrebdi, amasTanave

mgaloblis xelfass gavzrdidi ise, rom mgalobels ojaxis rCena SeeZlos

da ufro meti pasuxismgeblobiT moekideboda yvela mgalobeli am saqmes,

simSvide daisadgurebda da amqveyniuri safiqrali bevrad Semcirdeboda!”;

126

`movamzadebdi kvalificiur kadrebs, mivavlendi maT regionebSi da

eklesia-monastrebSi. Cavatarebdi bevr saRamosa da konferencias. Gamovcemdi

Teoriul saxelmZRvanelosac galobis istoriis Sesaxeb, romelsac

mgaloblebSi davarigebdi. aseve gavxsnidi saregento kursebsac, vinaidan

dRes mgalobelTa didi nawili mandilosania, maTTvis ki galobis umaRlesi

saswavleblis kari daxurulia” (2015-2016 saswavlo wlidan, giorgi

mTawmindelis saxelobis saeklesio galobis umaRles saswavlebelSi,

gogonaTa miReba daiwyes – e.d.);

`srulyofil skolas Sevqmnidi. davnergavdi Camoyalibebul midgomas

mgaloblebisadmi moZRvris/eklesiis mxridan. davniSnavdi Sesabamis xelfass.

mgaloblebs taZarSi gamoyofil adgils mivuCendi, rom gundi mrevlis

jajgurissgan daculi yofiliyo, rac didi problemaa”;

`ukve arsebul galobis centrs davxvewdi, romelmac unda gaakontrolos

galobis mdgomareoba, ara marto TbilisSi, aramed raionebSic, sadac ufro

uaresi mdgomareobaa galobis centrma unda miawodos xalxs informacia

qarTuli galobis da misi Sesrulebis wesis Sesaxeb, aqtiurad Seaswavlos

maT galoba da daexmaros kiloebis aTvisebaSi, Tumca es yvelaferi unda

gakeTdes siyvaruliTa da TavazianobiT. ar unda iyos galobis centri

iseTi pretenziuli da momTxovni, rogoric axla, rac mgaloblebSi

agresias iwvevs. jansaRi gziT unda miewodos mmgalobels es yvelaferi da

aseve xalxsac”;

`davnergavdi, rom skolebSi musikis gakveTilis nacvlad Catardes galobis,

qarTuli folkloris saswavlo gakveTilebi”;

`tradiciuli sagaloblebis garda unda aikrZalos yvela galoba da

mkacrad gakontroldes”; `im soflebSi, sadac ar aqvT galobis swavlis

saSualeba, ar yavT regent, moxaliseebs gavgzavnidi. vizrunebdi

sagaloblebis kanonikis dacvaze, yvela taZarSi”;

127

`pirvel rigSi imaze vizrunebdi, rom galoba xSirad RvTismsaxurebis

musikalur gaformebad miaCniaT (da Sesabamisad mgalobelic

akompaniatorad), ver xvdebian, rom galoba igive locvaa, mgalobeli ki

Tanamsaxuri – ai amis gaazrebaze vizrunebdi”;

`upirveles yovlisa, umaRlesi sasuliero piridan dawyebuli, yvela

RvTismsaxurisa da cxadia, mrevlisTvis, Sevecdebodi qarTuli saganZuris –

tradiciuli mravalxmiani galobis mniSvnelobis axsnas (yvelasaTvis

misawvdomi literaturiT). Aucileblad mivaniWebdi srul mgaloblobas

profesiis statuss, Sesabamisad, materialuri anazRaureba am sferoSi

Rirseuli iqneboda. yvela kuTxeSi aRmovfxvridi berZnul hangebsa da

sxvadasxva pirTa SeTxzul melodiebze gawyobil `sagaloblebs”. amgvari

midgomiT, ganmtkicdeboda srul mgalobelTa kontigenti, Sesabamisad,

momaval TaobaTa aRzrdac saTanadod moxdeboda”.

zemoT moyvanili citatebis nakrebi warmoadgens pasuxebis iseT kategorias,

romelSic kiTxvaze savaraudo pasuxebi mocemuli ar iyo da romlis

farglebSic, informantebma, mxolod sakuTari mosazrebis safuZvelze

gamces pasuxi. gamoikveTa rigi ZiriTadi da xSirad urTierTdakavSierbuli

problemebisa, romelic udavod calke aRniSvnis Rirsia da romelTa

gadaWrac qarTuli saeklesio galobis sferos mniSvnelovanwilad

ganaviTarebda.

informatTa mier mwvaved daisva ganaTlebis sakiTxi, rac Cemi azriT

sam ZiriTad kategoriad SeiZleba daiyos: 1. uSualod mgalobelTa

profesiuli ganaTleba, rac galobis xarisxs aamaRlebda, 2. galobis

mimarTulebiT sasuliero pirebis ukeT ganaTleba, rac mgaloblebisTvis

saWiro platformas Seqmnida, 3. saqarTvelos saSualo saganmanaTleblo

dawesebulebebsa da musikalur skolebSi galobis gakveTilebis SemoReba,

rac erTi mxriv am sferos mcodneTa ricxvs gazrdida, meore mxriv ki

128

galobis mimarT sazogadoebis mxridan dainteresebasa da damokidebulebas

axal – ufro maRal safexurze aiyvanda.

galobis saqmis materialuri uzrunvelyofa, Tavis mxriv ganaTlebis

sakiTxTan aris dakavSirebuli. am sferos meti finansuri mxardaWera

esaWiroeba, radgan dResdReobiT saqarTveloSi Znelad Tu moiZebneba

profesia, romlis mqone adamianebs mgaloblebis msgavsi mcire anazRaureba

hqondes.20

galobis Sesrulebis xarisxisa da mgalobelTa gundebis raodenobis

TvalsazrisiT regionebSi arsebul arc Tu ise saxarbielo mdgomareobas

TiTqmis yvela informanti Seexo. aRniSnuli sakiTxi pirdapir kavSirSia

garkevul finansur mxardaWerasTan da regionebSi kvalificiuri kadrebis

mivlenis sistematurobasTan. am TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos,

rom 2015 wels saqarTvelos folkloris saxelmwifo centris iniciativiTa

da saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministros mxardaWeriT

dafuZnda folkloris centris regionuli warmomadgenlobebi – salotbaro

skolebi (2017 wlisaTvis 17 salotbaro skola), romelTa mizania bavSvebs

qarTuli simRera-galoba, cekva da tradiciuli xelovnebis sxva dargebi

Seaswavlon. is, Tu ramdenad Sedegiani aRmoCndeba am mimarTulebiT

Catarebuli samuSaoebi da gaumjobesdeba Tu ara regionebSi arsebuli

mdgomareoba, amas dro da Sesabamisi kvleva gviCvenebs. aseve mniSvnelovania

aRiniSnos saqvelmoqmedo fondis – `qarTuli galobis” mier gaweuli

samuSaoebi; fondi 2012 wels Camoyalibda da ukanasknel wlebSi, sakmaod

didi wvlili Seitana qarTuli tradiciuli musikis dargSi momuSave

adamianebis waxalisebaSi. aqve unda iTqvas isic, rom rogorc folkloris

saxelmwifo centri, ise fondi `qarTuli galoba” gamomcemlobiT

saqmianobas eweva, rac qarTuli xalxuri simRerisa da saeklesio galobis

sferos ganviTarebas emsaxureba.

rogorc winamdebare naSromis pirvel TavSi aRiniSna, samgaloblo

stili da manera, sxvadasxva marTlmadideblur TemSi (iqneba es religiuri

20

ar igulisxmeba is didi taZrebi, sadac mgalobelTa anazRaureba saSualoze odnav maRalia, radgan es gamonaklisi SemTxvevebia.

129

umciresoba qveynis SigniT, Tu diaspora qveynis gareT), aqtualuri sakiTxia

(ix. winamdebare naSromis gv.gv.23-25). Cem mier gamokiTxul informantTa

absoluturi umravlesoba erT-erT mniSvnelovan problemad, zogierT

taZarSi arakanonikuri galobis Sesarulebas da kanonikur galobas,

rogorc qarTul eklesia-monastrebSi RvTismsaxurebis aucilebel

komponents asaxelebs. unda aRiniSnos, rom arakanonikuri sagaloblebis

Sesruleba an arSesruleba, konkretul taZarSi momsaxure adamianebis

keTil nebazea damokidebuli, radgan wmida sinodis (2003 wlis) ganCinebis

Tanaxmad, taZrebSi qarTuli tradiciuli samxmiani sagaloblebis

Sesruleba dakanonda, Tumca amis miuxedavad, am mimarTulebiT xarvezebi

mainc arsebobs, razec gamokiTxulTa mosazrebebic metyvelebs. zemoT

CamoTvlili problemebidan zogierTi maTganis mogvareba mxolod

finansebiT aris SesaZlebeli, zogi problemis mogvarebisaTvis keTili

nebac sakmarisia (magaliTad, mgalobelTaTvis taZarSi calke adgilis

gamoyofa, raTa maT galobis procesSi xeli ar SeeSaloT da

RvTismsaxurebaze maqsimaluri koncentracia SeZlon), umetesobas orive –

rogorc finansuri mxardaWera, ise pasuxismgebel pirTa mxridan keTili

neba esaWiroeba; Tumca kulturis marTebuli da gaazrebuli politika aris

is umTavresi winapiroba, romlis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia finansebis

mozidvac da keTili nebis gaCenac.

calkeuli SemTxvevebSi informantebi Seexnen iseT sakiTxebs,

rogoricaa qarTuli saeklesio galobis baRis asakidan Seswavla da

galobis umaRles skolaSi gogonebis miReba.

kvlevis Sedegebs ufro farTod naSromis daskvniT nawilSi

ganvixilavT.

kiTxvaze `Tqveni azriT, vin unda wyvetdes mgalobelTa repertuarisa

da stilis sakiTxs?”, ramdenime pasuxis erTdroulad arCevis

SesaZleblobis pirobebSi informantebma ase upasuxes: (ixileT magaliTi

N18)

130

garda me-18 magaliTSi moyvanili Sedegebisa, davZen, rom

gamokiTxulTa mxridan, kombinaciebis (ramdenime variantis erTdroulad

arCevis) SemTxvevaSi yvelaze xSiri arCevani iyo: `wmida sinodi,

sapatriarqos saeklesio galobis centri, galobis mcodne kvalificiur

mecnier-mkvlevarTa damoukidebeli jgufi”; `wmida sinodi, sapatriarqos

saeklesio galobis centri, galobis mcodne kvalificiur mecnier-

mkvlevarTa damoukidebeli jgufi, mgalobelTa gundis regenti”;

`sapatriarqos saeklesio galobis centri, mgalobelTa gundis regenti,

galobis mcodne kvalificiur mecnier-mkvlevarTa damoukidebeli jgufi”;

`eparqiis winamZRvari, mgalobelTa gundis regenti, galobis mcodne

kvalificiur mecnier-mkvlevarTa damoukidebeli jgufi”; `wmida sinodi,

galobis mcodne kvalificiur mecnier-mkvlevarTa damoukidebeli jgufi”;

`wmida sinodi, eparqiis winamRZvari, taZris winamZRvari, mgalobelTa gundis

regenti” da savaraudo pasuxebSi mocemuli CamonaTvalidan – yvela erTad.

rogorc vxedavT, erTi mxriv, kombinirebul pasuxebSi wmida sinodi

liderobs, meores mxriv ki grafaSi sxva, saubaria imaze, rom wmida sinodis

gadawyvetilebas formaluri saxe aqvs, radgan mis mier miRebuli

dadgenileba mudmivad irRveva, maT Soris Tavad maRali ierarqiisa da sxva

წმიდა სინოდი

20%

საპატრიარქოს

საეკლესიო

გალობის ცენტრი

29%

ეპარქიის

წინამძღვარი

6%

ტაძრის

წიმანმძღვარი

9%

მგალობელთა

გუნდის რეგენტი

18%

გალობის მცოდნე

კვალიფიციურ

მეცნიერ-

მკვლევართა

დამოუკიდებელ

ი ჯგუფი

16%

სხვა


131

sasuliero pirTa mier. Sesabamisad, mgaloblebs miaCniaT, rom wmida sinodi,

wesis Tanaxmad galobis irgvliv arsebuli sakiTxebis gadawyvetaSi

aucileblad unda monawileobdes, Tumca gamokiTxulTa didi nawili

isurvebda, rom am gadawyvetilebis Sedegebi mgalobelTa praqtikaSi ukeT

yofiliyo asaxuli.

Cven aseve gvainteresebda, Cveni informantebis xedva imasTan

dakavSirebiT, Tu ra kategoriis adamianebisTvisaa qarTuli saeklesio

galoba erovnuli Rirebuleba (ixileT magaliTi N19), da Tu romel

asakobriv jgufs SeiZleba, rom adamianebis es kategoria miekuTvnebodes

(ixileT magaliTi N20). rogorc vxedavT, informantebis umravlesobas

ganaTleba miaCniaT im umTavres pirobad, romelic iseT adamiansac ki,

romelic arc RvTismsaxurebas eswreba, arc qarTuli musikaluri da

zogadad qarTuli trdadiciebis mimdevaria, qarTul saeklesio galobas

kulturis Sesabamis konteqstSi daanaxebs.

grafaSi sxva, sami ZiriTadi aspeqti gamoiyo: 1. `nebismieri qarTvelisTvis”

(ganaTlebis miTiTebis gareSe), 2. `qarTuli galoba saTanadod dafasebuli

ar aris ara mxolod eris, aramed eklesiis mier”, 3. `imisaTvis, rom metma

ვინც ეკლესიურ

ცხოვრებას

ეწევა/უყვარს


ხალხური მუსიკა

და ქართული

ტრადიციები

15%

ნებისმიერი

განათლებული

ქართველისთვის

47%

ქართველთა

მნიშვნელოვანი

ნაწილისთვის

13%

ქართველთა

უმეტესი

ნაწილისთვის

10%

5-იდან 4

ქართველისთვის

1% სხვა

14%


132

adamianma gaigos qarTuli galobis arsis Sesaxeb, informaciis miwodebaa da

am adamianebis gaTvicnobierebaa saWiro”.

kiTxvaze – `qarTul galobas saTanadod afaseben adamianebi, romelTa

asakia:” Semdegi pasuxebi miviReT (mag. N20). grafaSi sxva, informantebis

mcire nawilma miuTiTa `nebismieri asakis adamiani”, nawilma 16-35 da 16-60

asakobrivi jgufi gaaerTiana; calkeul SemTxvevaSi 15 wlis informanti

werda, rom misTvis am sferos didi mniSvneloba aqvs, Tumca misi

TanatolebisTvis – ara, amitom man miuTiTa asaki 16 wlidan zemoT. aseve

calkeul SemTxvevaSi iyo pasuxi, rom `rom asakis mixedviT faseulobebi ar

yalibdeba”, Tumca mizani, Tu ratom davsviT es SekiTxva mdgomareobda

SemdegSi: Cven gvainteresebda gamokiTxvaSi aisaxeboda Tu ara is

mdgomareoba, rac wina Taobebis eklesiuri cxovrebis TvalsazrisiT

arsebobda, rodesac ikrZaleboda eklesiaSi siaruli, pirjvris gadawera,

galoba (Tu mas saeklesio konteqsti qonda; xolo Tu is ganixileboda,

rogor sasuliero folklori an qorali, maSin SesaZloa nebadarTuli

yofiliyo) da marTlac, yvelaze did asakobriv kategorias arc Tu ise

bevri – 7% ergo, rac Cveni azriT swored zemoT aRniSnuli mizeziT unda

iyos ganpirobebuli.

133

gamokiTxulTa umravlesobam 83%-ma, gamokiTxvis avtorTan – anu

CemTan vinaoba gaamxila da amaTgan 62%-ma avtors miando kvlevaSi misi

vinaobis gamoqveynebis sakiTxi, 21%-ma ki isurva, rom misi vinaoba mxolod

avtors scodnoda.

gamokiTxvis dasasruls mgaloblebs maTTvis sasurveli komentaris

datovebis saSualeba miveciT principiT Ad libitum (laT.: Tqveni

survilisamebr). gamoikveTa erTi konkretuli damokidebuleba, romelmac

aCvena, Tu raoden didi iyo am gamokiTxviT maTi daintereseba, TiTqos didi

xnis dagrovili Temebis erTbaSad ganxilvis SesaZlebloba miecaT da

swored aman ganapiroba is maRali da myisieri aqtivoba, romelic kiTxvaris

gamoqveynebisTanave gamovlinda. informantebma aRniSnes, rom maTi azriT

kiTxvarSi sakiTxisadmi midgoma amomwuravia; maTi umravlesoba imeds

gamoTqvams, rom es kvleva daexmareba rogorc mkvlevarTa jgufs, galobis

popularizaciisa da am sferoSi arsebuli sakiTxebis ukeT ganxilvaSi, ise

zogadad galobis saqmes da uSualod mgaloblebis mdgomareobis

gaumjobesebas gauwevs samsaxurs.

16-25 წელი

7%

25-35 წელი

35%

35-45 წელი

20%

60-80 წელი

7%

სხვა

31%


134

daskvna

kulturuli normebi da Rirebulebebi mudmiv cvlilebebs ganicdis,

ris gamoc kulturis dinamikis farglebSi – stabiluri elementebis

gamovlenis mcdeloba mecnierTaTvis saintereso da mimzidveli saqmianobaa.

musikismcodne givi orjonikiZe, romelic qarTul musikas da misi

ganviTarebis gzebs, musikismcodneobis miRma arsebuli samecniero

midgomebis safuZvelze siRrmiseulad aanalizebda, wers: `ganviTarebis

sxvadasxva etapze erovnuli musikis winaSe sxvadasxva amocana dgeba. is,

rac aqtualuri iyo guSin, dReisaTvis SesaZlebelia gadaiWras da Tavisi

simwvave dakargos. Sexeduleba, guSin rom Ziebebs warmarTavda,

Tanamedroveobam SeiZleba uaryos anda, piriqiT, SesaZloa is, rac

umniSvnelosa da mcdaris STabeWdilebas tovebda, dRes aucileblad

gaiziaros... z. faliaSvilis epoqaSi SemoqmedebiT amocanebs Soris

umniSvnelovanesi erovnuli tradiciebis Rrma Semecneba iyo. imis

fasdaudebeli esTetikuri mniSvneloba unda gaxsniliyo, rac glexur

folklors Semoenaxa. ufro metic, erT-erTi mTavari amocana iyo im

sayrdenis gamonaxva, romelzedac Tanamedrove musikaluri kultura unda

aSenebuliyo. amitomac, yvelaferTan erTad, udidesi mniSvneloba qarTuli

xalxuri musikis nimuSebis gamomzeurebas eniWeboda. xalxur musikas axali

socialur-fsiqologiuri motivebis mxatvruli ganzogadebis unari unda

gamoemJRavnebina” (orjonikiZe, 1978:55-56).

dRes, qarTuli kultura, rogorc socialuri cxovrebis forma,

sxvadasxva mxatvruli Sinaarsis matarebelia. yuradRebas am formis

musikalur mxareze gavamaxvileb. unda iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos sakoncerto

darbazebs, e.w. seriozuli musikis msmenelis arsebobis xangrZlivi

tradicia aqvs. dRevandeli mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, klasikuri

musikis koncertebs viwro sazogadoeba eswreba, maSin roca klasikuri

musika, dasavlur qveynebSi (aseve aradasavluri qveynebis garkveul nawilSi)

erT-erT prioritetul mimarTulebad aris aRiarebuli da saxelmwifos

135

mxridan mas saTanado mxardaWera aqvs. zemoT aRniSnuli sazogadoebis

viwro wres, Seswevs imis unari, rom ukanaskneli xarjic ki gaiRos, raTa

seriozul musikas mousminos da sakuTar cnobierebaSi esTetikur-

inteleqtualuri sawyisi gaaaqtiuros. misTvis am aqtis perioduli

ganxorcieleba, socialuri cxovrebis mniSvnelovani nawili da misi,

rogorc individis kulturis Semadgeneli komponentia.

msgavsi tipis sakoncerto RonisZiebebs SesaZloa aseve eswrebodnen

adamianTa im jgufis warmomadgenlebi, romlebsac klasikur musikasa da

konkretul RonisZiebasTan am ukanasknelis sponsoroba, anda sareklamo

saqmianoba akavSirebT. klasikuri musikis koncertebze arc Tu ise iSviaTad

naxavT maRali socialuri klasis warmomadgenlebsa da politikur

asparezze myof adamianebsac, romelTa mxridan seriozuli musikis

koncertze gamoCena karg tonad iTvleba. bunebrivia, es ar uaryofs ama Tu

im politikosisa Tu biznesmenis karg musikalur gemovnebas, rac SesaZloa

maTi mxridan koncertze daswrebis mizezs ganapirobebdes; saubaria mxolod

im tendenciebze, rac dRes qarTul sakoncerto darbazebSi SeiniSneba da

romlis mixedviTac musikaluri xelovnebisadmi farTo sazogadoebis

interesi, mocemul momentSi sakmaod dabal niSnulzea.

gacilebiT naklebia interesi maSin, rodesac saqme qarTul xalxur

musikalur Semoqmedebas – da miTumetes saeklesio galobas exeba. am

mimarTulebis koncertebs ZiriTadad sferos specialistebi, sasuliero

pirebi da koncertSi monawile koleqtivebis axloblebi eswrebian.

YaRniSnulma mocemulobam, Cemi kvleviTi interesebi ganapiroba; xolo

informantebis mxridan myisierma gamoxmaurebam, maTma dainteresebam da

CarTulobam, ganxilul sakiTxTa aqtualobasa da Seswavlis

aucileblobaSi kidev erTxel damawrmuna. Cem mier ganxixlul iqna yvela is

ZiriTadi Tema, romelic galobis saqmesa da mis Tanamedrove mdgomareobas

exeba – mgalobelTa piradi gamocdilebidan dawyebuli, maTi repertuariT,

saSemsruleblo stiliT, taZrebSi arsebuli mdgomareobiTa da qveynis

kulturuli politikiT damTavrebuli. Cem mier gamokiTxuli mgaloblebi

saero cxovrebas ewevian da Cemi mizanic is iyo, rom am etapze Semeswavla

136

galobis saqmiT dainteresebuli saero sazogadoeba, romlis wevrebi

mgaloblobamde sxvadasxva mizezTa gamo mividnen. garda fokus-jgufisa,

mqonda individualuri Sexvedrebi dedaTa da mamaTa monastrebSi momsaxure

adamianebTan, rogorc dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, ramac

kvlevis Tvisobriv nawils mniSvnelovani masala Semata. rogorc fokus-

jgufTan, ise individualur informantebTan, galobis musikaluri,

religiuri da socialuri aspeqtebi ganvixileT. mniSvnelovania vicodeT,

rom mocemul momentSi, galobis saqmiT dakavebuli adamianebis

umravlesobis mier, gasul saukuneebSi qarTuli saeklesio galobis

moamageTa Rvawli sruliad gaazrebuli da aRiarebulia. rac erTis mxriv

maT kanonizaciaSi, meores mxriv ki maT mier Semonaxuli masalis

(sagalobelTa Canawerebis) Seswavla-redaqtirebasa da gamocemaSi

mdgomareobs. am faqts marTlac didi mniSvneloba aqvs, radgan aqamde

mosasvlelad qveyanam garkveuli gza ganvlo da swored Cvens droSi moxda

im adamianebis dafaseba, vinc galobis SenarCunebis saqmeSi gadamwyveti

roli Seasrula. aRniSnul saqmeSi monawile centraluri figurebi,

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri eklesiis mier wmindanebad Seiracxnen (e.

kereseliZe, Zmebi karbelaSvilebi, f. qoriZe), rac am procesebSi qarTuli

eklesiis dadebiT rolze miuTiTebs.

sainteresoa, rom dRevandeli dRis monacemebiT, araerTi

folkloruli ansambli Tu mgalobelTa gundi Camoyalibda, romelic

aqtiur sakoncerto moRvaweobas eweva, rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise mis

farglebs gareT. qarTuli tradiciuli hangis Semsrulebel momReral-

mgalobelTa ricxvma sagrZnoblad imata, Tumca am kulturis

momxmarebelTa ricxvma mniSvnelovnad iklo da zemoaRniSnul koncertebs

ZiriTadad sazogadoebis erTi da igive nawili eswreba.

radgan termini `momxmarebeli” gamoviyene, am TvalsazrisiT upriania

im klasifikaciis moSvelieba, romelic eTnomusikologiaSi, musikis

anTropologiasa da sociologiaSi gamoiyeneba da romelsac r. wurwumia

Tavis erT-erT publikaciaSi exeba (wurwumia, 2010). am klasifikaciis

mixedviT sami ZiriTadi jgufi gamoiyofa. esenia:

137

1. mravalxmianobis matareblebi

2. mravalxmianobis momxmareblebi

3. mravalxmianobisadmi neitraluri/gulgrili adamianebi (wurwumia,

2010:623).

avtori zemoT moyvanili klasifikaciis amgvar ganmartebas iZleva.

mravalxmianobis matareblebi - `saqarTvelo im mcirericxovan qveyanaTa

ricxvs ganekuTcneba, sadac soflad dRemdea SemorCenili mravalxmianobis

tradiciis matareblebi... mravalxmianobis aseTi matareblebisTvis

mravalxmianoba warmoadgens erTi mxriv, improvizebuli koleqtiuri

muzicirebis SesaZleblobasm meore mxriv ki – gacnobierebul musikalur

struqturas anu Tavisebur polifoniur `partituras”, romelic

virtualurad arsebobs homo-polifonikusis (termin homo-polifonikusTan

dakavSirebiT ix. winamdebare naSromi, Tavi pirveli, gv. 46) warmosaxvaSi. mas

esmis TiToeuli xma da polifoniuri azrovnebis wyalobiT ZaluZs

Sinaganad warmoidginos maTi erTdrouli JReradoba... folkloruli aqti

mravalxmian folklorul cnobierebas ar usaxavs miznad individualuri

mxatvruli nebis ganxorcielebas, igi Tanamonawilea socialur-

komunikaciuri aqtisa, dakavSirebulia mis sxva monawileebTan ara marto

fizikurad, aramed ideologiuradac, rac gansazRvravs maTi semnatikuri

moTxovnilebebis erTianobasac. am jgufis Sinagani solidaroba mxatvrul-

emociurad mTliani musikaluri struqturis dabadebis aucilebeli pirobaa.

erTad muzicirebisas musikaluri azrovneba intensiurad muSaobs, rom

mravalxmianobis ideis warmoCenisas ar dairRves saukuneebiT SemuSavebuli

ZiriTadi musikaluri modelebi, romlebic maT exmareba SeigrZnos

musikaluri nivTierebis ara mxolod struqturuli, aramed esTetikuri

srulyofilebac. aseTi subieqtisaTvis tradiciuli mravalxmianoba

gansazRvravs ara mxolod mis pirovnul Taviseburebebs, aramed misi

cxovrebis normasa da azrovnebis wess, adamianisa da samyaros dialogis

formas. Ufro zustad, qarTuli (iseve, rogorc sxva nebismieri)

homopolifonikusi, ubralod, mravalxmianobaSi myofobs” (wurwumia, 2010:624).

statiis avtori, mravalxmiani tradiciis matarebel magaliTad anzor

138

erqomaiSvils asaxelebs. marTlac, anzor erqomaiSvili tradiciis

matarebelia, yvela im kriteriumis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac zemoT xsenebuli

klasifikaciis pirvel jgufs Seadgens. mas qarTuli tradiciuli simRera-

galoba, ojaxuri sasimRero tradiciidan gamomdinare adreuli asakidanve

esmoda; misi babua – artem erqomaiSvili ukanaskneli sruli mgalobeli

gaxldaT da Tavad anzor erqomaiSvilma mTeli cxovrebis manZilze

qarTuli tradiciuli simRera-galobis TvalsazrisiT udidesi gamocdileba

daagrova. igi ramdenime iseTi simReris avtoricaa, romelTa saxeli,

yvelasTvis – am saqmis specialistebis garda, xalxur (arasaavtoro)

simRerebTan asocirdeba. aseve aRsaniSnavia isic, rom a. erqomaiSvili erTi

simReris sxvadasxva variantis mcodnea, rac tradiciis matareblis erT-

erTi ganmsazRvreli niSania imdenad, ramdenadac es codna da unari – erTi

simReris mravalnairad Sesrulebisa, iseve rogorc sagaloblis

gamSvenebisa, qarTuli tradiciuli musikis umTavres maxasiaTeblebTan –

improvizaciulobasa da variantulobasTan aris dakavSirebuli.

momxmareblebi – mravalxmianobis momxmarebelTa Soris, r. wurwrumia

or tips: aqtiur da pasiur momxmareblebs gamoyofs.

aqtiuri momxmareblebi, avtoris TqmiT ramdenime jgufad iyofian.

a) qalaquri folkansamblis momRerlebi, romlebic folklors mza

saxiT iReben, rac misdami samomxmareblo damokidebulebis

damkvidrebas moaswavebs.

b) Tanamedrove qarTveli eTnomusikosebi.

pasiuri momxmareblebi – r. wurwumia pasiur momxmareblebs uwodebs im

adamianebs, romlebic folkloruli musikis koncetrtebs mudmivad

eswrebian da `RirebulebaTa sakuTari sistemis Sesatyvisad ukveTavs kidec

Sesabamis produqcias. Sazogadoebis sxvadasxva fenisagan Sedgenili es

jgufi warmoadgens damkveTs, romlis moTxovnasac asruleben aqtiuri

momxmareblebi” (wurwumia, 2010:627).

T. adornos mier SemoTavazebuli sqemis kvaldakval, romelic

folkloriT dainteresebul sazogadoebas yofs folkloris eqspertebad,

139

karg, ganaTlebul da emociur msmenelebad, r. wurwumia aRniSnavs:

`eqspertad, adornos msgavsad, miviCnev imaT, vinc qarTul mravalxmianobas

ismens adekvaturad, anu ise, rom acnobierebs mReris procesis yovel

konkretul moments. Masve uaxlovdeba kargi msmenelic, romelic eqspertis

msgavsad, mxolod gemovnebisa Tu prestiJis kategoriebiT ar msjelobs

mravalxmianobaze, Tumca bolomde ar acnobierebs mTelis logikur

kavSirebs (xalxuri momRerlebi da profesionalebi). Arsebobs ganaTlebuli

msenelic, romelmac bevri ram icis mravalxmianobaze, afasebs mas, rogorc

kulturul monapovars da SeuZlia masze imsjelos, Tumca kritikis gareSe.

rac Seexeba emociur msmenels, maTi ricxvi CvenSi sakmaod didia. e. w.

pasiur momxmarebelTa RirebulebaTa sistemaSic qarTul mravalxmianobas

gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs, igi maTTvisac polifunqciuri movlenaa

da umTavresi kvlav erovnuli identifikaciis funqciaa” (wurwumia, 2010:627-

628).

da bolos – neitraluri jgufi, romelSic r, wurwumias TqmiT Sedian

isini, vinc mizezTa gamo qarTuli tradiciuli mravalxmianobisadmi

gulgrilia da vinc mravalxmianobis pasiur momxmarebelsac ki ar

warmoadgens. am adamianebis erovnul-kulturul identobaSi qarTuli

mravalxmianoba ar monawileobs. avtori aqac or qvejgufs gamoyofs: 1. vinc

aRiarebs, rom mravalxmianoba qarTuli kulturis TviTmyofadobis simbolo

da erovnuli Rirebulebaa, Tumca sakuTari erovnul-kulturuli identobis

nawilad ar miiCnevs; 2. vinc sxva kulturul Rirebulebebze aris

orientirebuli. statiis daskvniT nawilSi igi aRniSnavs, rom

`mravalxmianobisadmi damokidebulebis niSniT qarTuli sazogadoebis

gansxvavebul socialur jgufebad aq warmodgenil dayofas safuZvlad

Semfasebluri kriteriumi udevs. Adamianis erovnul-kulturuli

identifikaciis findamenturi sakiTxis ganxilvisas, Cemi azriT, gadamwyveti

mniSvneloba movlenis, Cvens SemTxvevaSi, mravalxmianobis RirebulebiT

sazriss eniWeba (wurwumia, 2010:628).

sagulisxmoa, rom zemoaRniSnuli klasifikaciis farglebSi,

saintereso iqneboda imis gamorkvevac, Tu ramdenad religiurni arian ama

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Tu im jgufSi Semavali adamianebi, rac Tavis mxriv imis gansazRvraSi

dagvexmareboda, Tu rogor urTierTkavSirSia adamianTa religiuri

identoba, qrTul mravalxmian hangTan, rogorc erovnul-kulturuli

identobis maCvenebelTan. Cem mier gamokiTxuli informantebis didma

nawilma aRniSna, rom galobiT daintereseba swored eklesiaSi wirva-

locvaze daswrebam ganapiroba, Tumca es sakiTxis erTi mxarea, radgan

galoba uSualod eklesiaSi ganxorcielebuli aqtia; sakiTxis meore mxares

ki dgas is, Tu ramdenad TanxvedraSia religiuroba, tradiciuli

musikaluri kuturisadmi iseT damokidebulebasTan, rodesac es ukanaskneli

adamianis kulturuli identobis mniSvnelovan nawils Seadgens. kvlevam

SesaZloa sapirispiroc daadasturos da aRmoCndes, rom religiur

identobasTan, tradiciuli mravalxmianobisadmi damokidebulebas araviTari

kavSiri ar gaaCnia.

daskvnis saxiT ki SeiZleba iTqvas, rom dRes, saqarTveloSi arsebul

mravalkulturul garemoSi, sadac qarTuli tradiciuli mravalxmianobisa

da zogadad tradiciuli simRera-galobisadmi neitralur

damokidebulebaSi myofi adamianebis sakmaod didi ricxvis miuxedavad,

arsebobs myari Sre – jgufi adamianebisa, romelTaTvisac qarTuli

mravalxmiani sagalobeli, kulturuli identobis upirobo nawilia.

rogorc Cemi kvlevidan Cans, am adamianebis nawilma, galobas religiurobis

gamo mihyo xeli, nawilisTvis ki qarTul tradiciul saero musikasTan

siaxlove iqca amis mizezad, magram faqtia, rom am adamianebis erTi nawili

qarTuli tradiciuli mravalxmianobis aqtiuri momxmarebelia, xolo

garkveulma nawilma ki pasiuri momxmareblobidan aqtiur momxmareblobaSi

gadainacvla.

rogorc aRmoCnda, informantTa samgaloblo gamocdileba saSualod

1-idan 30 wlamde meryeobs. zogierTma maTganma galobas sakmaod adreul (6-

idan 10 wlamde) asakSi mihyo xeli; yvelaze xSiria galobis 20 da 30 wlamde

dawyebis SemTxvevebi, SedarebiT naklebi maCvenebeli aqvs 40 wlamde da

zemoT asakobriv kategorias. Rogorc zemoT aRvniSne galobiT

daineteresebis ori ZiriTadi mizezidan, erTi eklesiur cxovrebas, meore ki

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qarTuli musikalurTan siaxloves ukavSirdeba, Tumca gamokiTxulTa 14%-ma

Tqva, rom taZaraSi siaruli mas Semdeg daiwyo, rac mgalobeli gaxda,

Sesabamisad erT SemTxvevaSi religiis xazia wamyvani, meoreSi ki

tradiciuli saero an sasuliero musikis, romelic sabolood

RirebulebaTa erT sistemaSi moiazreba. gamokiTxulTa 76%-ma galoba

(sanoto, an fonoCanawerebTan erTad – Tu maT gareSe) galobis pedagogisgan

iswavla, rac zepiri tradiciis arsebobas adasturebs.

kvlevam aCvena, rom Tbilisi, galobis saqmeSi mowinave adgils ikavebs,

rac kidev erTxel migvaniSnebs imis aucileblobaze, rom tradiciuli

simRera-galoba, sakuTar keras dacilebulia da imisaTvis, rom igi

dabrundes iq, saidanac iRebs saTaves, saWiroa Sesabamisi kulturuli

politikis gatareba, razec qvemoT vimsjeleb. meores mxriv, kvlevaSi

galobis mdgomareobis met-naklebi sisruliT danaxvis SesaZleblobas

gvaZlevs is, rom informantebi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan, maT Soris

dedaqalaqidanac arian.

gamokiTxulTa umravlesobas, yavs gamorCeuli mgalobeli an galobis

moamage da maT Soris yvelaze xSirad dasaxeldnen: a. erqomaiSvili, m.

nakaSiZe, a. dumbaZe, Zmebi karbelaSvilebi, e. kereseliZe, r. xundaZe, f.

qoriZe, m. erqvaniZe, l. salayaia, v. cecxlaZe; yvelaze meti xma anCisxatis

mgalobelTa gundma miiRo, rac vfiqrob qarTuli saeklesio galobis

istoriaSi, am gundis udidesi mniSvnelobis adeqvaturi gamoZaxilia, radgan

XX saukuneSi qarTuli samgaloblo tradiciebis aRdgena da praqtikaSi

dabruneba swored anCisxatis taZris mgalobelTa gundis saxels

ukavSirdeba.

Cem mier gamokiTxulTa 74%-isaTvis, qarTuli saeklesio galobis

mravalxmianoba, umniSvnelovanes faqtoradaa aRqmuli. mravalxmianobis

farglebSi mesame adgili socialurma aspeqtma daikava (ramdenime adamianis

erToblivi galoba), meore – musikalurma (ramdenime xmis erTdrouli

JReradobiT miRebuli harmonia), xolo xmebis umravlesoba zemoaRniSnuli

ori parametris erTobliobas xvda wilad. informantebis pasuxebma cxadyo,

rom qarTuli mravalxmiani musikaluri azrovnebisadmi interesi ar

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neldeba. qarTuli mravalxmianoba aRiqmeba, rogorc unikaluri musikaluri

azrovnebis Sedegi, azrovnebisa, romlis pirobebSi, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva

regionis warmomadgenlebsac ki SeswevdaT imis unari, rom erTmaneTisTvis

xmebi SeewyoT da erTad emReraT. amis saukeTeso magaliTi, germaniaSi, 1916-

1918 wlebSi, cvilis lilvakebze Cawerili qarTvel tyveTa simRerebia.21

kvlav mwvaved dgas ucxo hangis qarTul teqstze gawyobisa da piriqiT

– qarTuli hangis ucxo enaze misadagebis sakiTxi. rogorc naSromis mesame

TavSi aRvniSne, informaciis myisier gavrcelebasTan erTad, sxvadasxva

kulturac ufro metad gaixsna da xelmisawvdomi gaxda, rasac Tavis mxriv,

rogorc kulturuli, ise fizikuri sazRvrebis gaxsnamac Seuwyo xeli,

radgan swored sxvadasxva momReral-mgalobelTa koleqtivis ucxo

qveynebSi Semdgarma gastrolebma qarTuli tradiciuli simRera-galobis

auditoria gaafarTova. sakoncerto Sesrulebis garda, kompaqtur diskze

aRbeWdili sakoncerto Tu studiuri Canawerebis gamocemisa da gavrcelebis

saqmemac win waiwia; qarTuli tradiciuli musika ukve internetSic

xelmisawvdomia. yovelive zemoaRniSnulma xeli Seuwyo musikaluri

tradiciebis urTierTgacvlis process da sxvadasxva musikaluri

kulturisadmi interesi gazarda.

mniSvnelovania ganvasxvaoT:

ucxoelTa mier qarTuli tradiciuli musikis sakoncerto repertuarSi

damkvidreba, repertuaris farglebSi ki qarTuli sagaloblebis arseboba

da maTi iseTi Sesruleba, rodesac Semsrulebeli ar aris

marTlmadidebluri konfesiis mqone da saeklesio galobas warmoadgens,

21

2015 wels, Tbilisis saxelwmifo konservatoriis tradiciuli mravalxmianobis kvlevis saerTaSoriso centrma, berlinis fonogramarqivTan erTad ganaxorciela proeqti, romlis farglebSi gamoica krebuli eqo warsulidan: qarTvel tyveTa simRerebi Cawerili cvilis lilvakebze germaniaSi 1916-1918 wlebSi, rodesac germaniis tyveTa banakebSi, prusiis fonografiulma komisiam Caiwera zepiri metyvelebisa da xalxuri simRerebis nimuSebi. Caiweres sxvadasxva erovnebis, maT Soris, tyved Cavardnili qarTveli jariskacebi. wigni garkveul informacias gvawvdis qarTvel momRerlebze, uSualod simRerebsa da maTi teqstis Sinaarsze. krebuls Tan axlavs ori kompaqt-diski, romelSic Sesulia berlinis fonogramarqivSi daculi qarTveli tyveebis 90 simReridan 65 audionimuSi da werilobiTi dokumentebi. proeqti ganxorcielda saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministrosa da berlinis fonogramarqivis finansuri mxardaWeriT.

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rogorc qarTuli tradiciuli musikis erT-erT nawils. aseT pirobebSi

mniSvnelovania xazi gaesvas im garemoebas, rom ucxoeli Semsrulebeli

qarTul sagalobels yovelTvis qarTul enaze asrulebs.

saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT arsebul araqarTul marTlmadideblur

taZrebSi, qarTuli saeklesio galobiT daintereseba mniSvnelovanwilad

gaizarda. iqneba es taZris winamZRvrisa Tu uSualod mgalobelTa gundis

survili, sxvadasxva tradiciis sagaloblebis samgaloblo repertuarSi

Setana ukve Cveul movlenad iqca. aRniSnuli praqtika gansakuTrebiT did

religiur dResaswaulebze iCens Tavs. am SemTxvevaSi qarTuli galobisadmi

midgoma gansxvavebulia, radgan pirvel rigSi igi aRiqmeba, rogorc

eklesiis kanoniT ganpirobebuli profesiuli musika, romelic

zogadqristianul da zogadmarTlmadideblur konteqstSi igalobeba.

imisaTvis, rom taZarSi myofma mrevlma ucxo hangi ufro ukeT gaigos da

gaiTavisos, saWiroa sagalobeli maTTvis gasageb enaze Sesruldes. erTi

SexedviT am saqmes is garemoeba aiolebs, rom sagalobelTa teqstebis

umetesoba Targmans ar saWiroebs, radgan saqme marTlmadideblur kanonikur

teqsts exeba, romelic yvela marTlmadideblur tradiciaSi Targmnili da

damkvidrebulia. aq sakiTxi amgvarad dgas: misaRebia Tu ara qarTuli

saeklesio hangis – berZnul, slavur, inglisur da sxva enaze mosaubre

marTlmadidebeli mrevlisaTvis, mgalobelTa mier maT mSobliur enaze

galoba; anda piriqiT – araqarTuli marTlmadidebluri hangis qarTul

enaze galoba. vfiqrobT aRniSnuli sakiTxi wmida sinodisa da galobis

specialistTa jgufis ganxilvis sagnad SeiZleba iqces, Tumca manamde,

winamdebare kvlevis farglebSi informatTa pasuxebidan gairkva, rom

umravlesobis azriT (67%) miuRebelia, rogorc qarTuli saeklesio hangis –

berZnul, slavur, inglisur da sxva enaze mosaubre marTlmadidebeli

mrevlisaTvis, mgalobelTa mier maT mSobliur enaze galoba, ise piriqiT –

araqarTuli marTlmadidebluri hangis qarTul enaze galoba.

gamokiTxulTa 12%-ma aRniSna, rom maTTvis orive varianti misaRebia. 17%

fiqrobs, rom qarTuli saeklesio hangis sxva enaze galoba misaRebia, xolo

yvelaze naklebi 5%-is azriT, araqarTuli hangis qarTul enaze galoba

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dasaSvebia. Cemi azriT, imdenad, ramdenadac qarTuli saeklesio galobis

saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT gasvla gardauvali da Seuqcevadi procesia,

xolo gansakuTrebul yuradRebas hangis teqstze gawyoba saWiroebs,

ajobebs, Tu am procesSi qarTuli galobis specialistebi miiReben

monawileobas, rac qarTul hangs darRvevebisgan daicavda. aucilebelia

SemuSavdes qarTuli hangis ucxo kanonikur teqstze gawyobis ZiriTadi

principebi, raTa saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ucxoelma regentebma sowred am

principis mixedviT ixelmZRvanelon. aRniSnuli principebis CamoyalibebaSi

gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnas sakuTriv qarTuli himnografiuli teqstebis

maxasiaTeblebi da aseve im enis Taviseburebebi, romelzec hangi unda

igalobon. SemTxveviTi ar iyo, rom Suasaukuneebis qarTul himnografiaSi

`dasdeblis mecniereba” arsebobda, rac sagaloblis teqstze hangis

gawyobis xelovnebis flobas gulisxmobs (suxiaSvili, 2005:415).

aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, statiaSi saeklesio musika

marTlmadidebel diasporaSi: qarTul sagalobelTa inglisurad

Sesrulebis sakiTxi, amerikeli eTnomusikologi loren ninoSvili sakiTxis

dasmis mTavar mizezebze saubrobs da aRniSnavs, rom `qalaq niu-iorkis

RvTismSoblis safarvelis saxelobis taZarSi mrevlis 33 procents

qarTveli emigrantebi Seadgenen. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg CrdiloeT

amerikis marTlmadidebluri eklesiebi aTasobiT qarTveli emigrantis

TavSeyris adgilad da maTi kulturuli TviTmyofadobis navsayudelad

iqca. maSin, roca qarTveli emigrantebi TavSesafars pouloben eklesiaSi da

Tavs misi cxovrebis nawilad grZnoben, marTlmadideblur-qristianuli

diaspora mdidrdeba da gansakuTrebul mravalferovnebas iZens qarTvelebis

sulieri da kulturuli tradiciebiT. mraval ZvelisZvel qristianul

kulturasTan Tanaziaroba diasporuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis erT-

erTi yvelaze didi SenaZenia. im liturgikul tradiciaTa Soris, romelic

yovel emigrirebul jgufs Caaqvs Tan, sagaloblebi yovelTvis yvelaze met

interess iwvevs eklesiis mrevlSi. warmodgenil SromaSi minda davayeno

sakiTxi qarTuli polifoniuri sagaloblebis inglisur enaze sistematuri

adaptaciis Sesaxeb, raTa SemdgomSi maTi gamoyeneba moxdes amerikisa Tu

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sxva inglisurenovani qveynebis marTlmadideblur eklesiebSi. TemaSi

ganxiluli iqneba am umniSvnelovanesi sulieri da SemoqmedebiTi wamowyebis

istoriuli precedentebi da Teologiuri axsna-ganmartebebi, amasTanve, is

teqnikuri da sulieri sirTuleebi, rac am procesTan iqneba

dakavSirebuli... marTlmadideblur eklesiaSi RvTismsaxurebis aRsavlenad

adgilobrivi enis gamoyenebis mravali mniSvnelovani istoriuli faqti

arsebobs, rasac safuZveli Caeyara jer kidev mociqulTa droidan, roca

isini qristianobas uqadagebdnen berZnebsa da sxva araebrael erebs...”

(ninoSvili, 2008:517). avtori dasZens, rom 2004 wlis zafxulSi man am

sakiTxis arsi saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs, ilia meores gaacno da

misgan am proeqtis (qarTuli galobis inglisur enaze sistematuri

adaptireba) ganxorcielebaze kurTxevac miiRo, Tumca rogorc statiidan

Cans, Tavad l. ninoSvils srulebiT gacnobierebuli aqvs is sirTuleebi,

rac am proeqtis sisruleSi moyvanas ukavSirdeba. `mraval mcodne

pirovnebas gamouxatavs Tavisi SeniSvna, rom qarTuli galobis inglisur

enaze adaptaciisas arsebobs raRac bunebrivi dabrkoleba. aseve arsebobs

SeniSvna, rom uZvelesi liturgikuli msaxurebis Tanamedrove enaze

Catareba aris raRac `arawminda”. es SesaZlebelia marTalic iyos wminda

gagebiT. me ukve aRvniSne, Tu rogor ganicades istoriuli cvlilebebi

marTlmadideblurma tradiciebma. swored eklesiis mTlianobis

gasaZliereblad cvlilebebisa da adaptaciis es survili aris TviTon saxe

marTlmadideblur-qristianuli tradiciebis `siwmindisa”. aseve, saWiroa,

winaswar vifiqroT qarTuli diasporis pirveli Taobis sulieri cxovrebis

axlo momavalzec. maTgan gansxvavebiT, axali Taoba ufro met yuradRebas

aqcevs kulturuli tradiciebis siwmindes. Aam amerikelma qarTvelebma Tavi

SeiZleba ucxod igrZnon eklesiaSi, sadac msaxureba mxolod im enaze

tardeba, romelzec mxolod maT ojaxebSi saubroben da sxvagan arsad

(ninoSvili, 2008:520-521). vfiqrob, mSobliur enaze aRvlenili RvTismsaxureba

ara Tu gaucxoebas, aramed piriqiT – mosmenili wirva-locvis ukeT da

ufro intimurad aRqmas Seuwyobs xels. rac Seexeba dasmul ZiriTad

146

sakiTxs, kidev erTxel aRvniSnav, rom am saqmeSi qarTveli specialistebis

CarTva aucilebelia.

rogorc naSromis daskvniT nawilSi aRiniSna, qarTuli mravalxmiani

saeklesio hangi, sxvadasxva mizezTa gamo, gamokiTxulTa absolutur

umravlesobas kulturuli identobis nawilad miaCnia. sapirispiro pasuxma

gamokiTxulTa mxolod 1% Seadgina da rogorc neitralur jgufSi

Semavali calkeuli SemTxveva, Sesabamis Seswavlas saWiroebs. rac Seexeba

umravlesobas, romelmac Cemi kvlevis mTavar TemasTan dakavSirebuli

mosazreba damidastura, mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes, rom fokus-jgufSi

Semavali adamianebis nawils profesiuli musikaluri ganaTleba ar miuRia;

es adamianebi sxvadasxva sferoSi muSaoben, xolo is motivi, ramac isini

erTi saqmiT – qarTuli saeklesio galobiT daakava, am ukanasknelis

kulturuli identobis konteqstSi arsebobas ukavSirdeba. aqve davZen

imasac, rom TiToeuli maTgani mravalxmiani samgaloblo tradiciis

potenciuri gamgrZeleblia.

kvlevis farglebSi erT-erT prioritetul sakiTxad samgaloblo

repertuarTan dakavSirebuli problematika iyo gamotanili. maT Soris iyo

SekiTxva, romelic samgaloblo skolis regionul maxasiaTebels

ukavSirdeboda. gamokiTxulTa 76%-is azriT umjobesi iqneba, Tu

saqarTvelos nebismier kuTxeSi, mgalobelTa repertuarSi yvela skolis

sagalobeli iqneba. danarCenebma ki ufro marTebulad miiCnies, sxvadasxva

samgaloblo skolis sagalobelTa repertuarSi damkvidreba, swored

regionuli maxasiaTeblis mixedviT moxdes (magaliTad, kaxeTSi mxolod

`karbelaanT kilo”-ze galoba). mTavar argumentad gvevlineba Semdegi:

profesionalma mgalobelma yvela samgaloblo skolis sagalobeli unda

icodes da Seswevdes unari, rom saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi

aRniSnuli sagaloblebi mrevlamde miitanos; Tumca informantebis nawili

survils gamoTqvams imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom uSualod taZarSi

sasurvelia Tu upiratesoba `kuTxur” galobas mieniWeba.

erTia is, Tu ra damokidebuleba aqvT sakiTxis mimarT praqtikos

mgaloblebs, meore ki is realoba, rasac dRes saqarTveloSi aqvs adgili.

147

kaxeTis erT-erT monasterSi, piradi saubrisas gairkva, rom umetesad

gelaTis skolis sagaloblebs amboben, amis mizezad ki mgalobelTa

arasakmarisi raodenoba da resursi dasaxelda, rac erTis mxriv

karbelaSvilebis kilos sagaloblebis Sesrulebis sirTulesa da

Taviseburebas, meores mxriv ki monasterSi momsaxureTa im sxva aucilebel

saqmianobas ukavSireba, rac maTi yoveldRiurobis nawils Seadgens da

sagalobelTa sarepeticiod dros ar tovebs. gundis regentma sakiTxis

irgvliv saTanado codna da sakiTxisadmi marTebuli damokidebuleba

gamoavlina; sakuTari gamocdilebisa da im smeniTi STabeWdilebis

safuZvelze, rac man sruliad sxva kuTxis taZris mgaloblebis mosmenis

Sedegad miiRo, gulwrfeli wuxili gamoTqva im mdgomareobis gamo, rac

galobis kuTxiT saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi arsebobs. uSualod

informatebTan ganvixileT regionebSi maTi perioduli mivlinebisa da

adgilobrivTaTvis galobis swavlebis sakiTxi. rogorc gairkva, am

saqmianobiT araerTi mgalobelia dakavebuli, Tumca problema saTanado

sistemis ararsebobaSi mdgomareobs, sistemisa, romlis farglebSi

Tbilisidan galobis mcodneTa regionebSi mivlineba winaswar dagegmili,

gawerili da intensiuri xasiaTis iqneboda.

samgaloblo repertuaris ganxilvisas, gamovlidna, rom yvelaze

xSirad mgaloblebi gelaTis skolis sagaloblebs asruleben; momdevno –

yvelaze xSirad Sesrulebuli sagaloblebi karbelaSvilebis kiloa, xolo

SeadrebiT naklebi procentuli maCvenebli, Semoqmedis skolis

sagaloblebs ergoT, rasac Tavisi obieqturi mizezebi aqvs (ix. naSromis

mesame Tavi). repertuaris dakonkretebisas, yvelaze yvelaze xSiri

kombinaciebis saxiT gamovlinda: 1. karbelaSvilebis kilosa da gelaTis

samonastro skolis sagaloblebi; 2. karbelaSvilebis kilos, gelaTisa da

Semoqmedis samonastro skolebis sagaloblebi. gairkva, rom araerTi

samgaloblo gundis repertuars, mxolod gelaTis samonastro skolis

sagaloblebi Seadgens. zogierT SemTxvevaSi zemoTCamoTvlil kombinaciebs,

uwmindesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis

ilia meoris sagaloblebi emateba. sionuri sagaloblebis repertuarSi

148

arsebobam 2% Seadgina da am stilis galobis mimarT, gamokiTxulTa

mxridan araerTi mosazreba gamoiTqva; umeteswilad gamoCnda misdami,

rogorc tradiciuli galobis sawinaaRmdego – arasasurveli samgaloblo

repertuarisadmi calsaxa damokidebuleba. 2%-iani maCveneblis garda,

iSviaTad, magram mainc gamoikveTa repertuarSi sionuri sagaloblebis

arseboba, rac grafaSi sxva karbelaSvilebis kilosa da gelaTis skolis

sagaloblebTan erTad kombinaciebSi gvxvdeba.

uwmindesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqis ilia meoris mier Seqmnil sagaloblebTan dakavSirebiT,

sagulisxmoa is, rom samgaloblo repertuaris farglebSi konkretuli

sagaloblebis arsebobis tendencia gamoikveTa (ixileT naSromis mesame Tavi

gv.gv. 94-95). pasuxebSi sakiTxisadmi jansaRi damokidebuleba gamovlinda;

kidev erTxel aRvniSnav, rom informantebma sruliad gulaxdilad

gamiziares Tavisi xedva, ramac kvlevis obieqturobis xarisxi kidev ufro

ganamtkica. uwmindesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqis ilia meorisadmi pativiscemas yoveli gamokiTxuli adasturebda

da iqve sakuTar mosazrebas aRniSnavda, rom es galoba taZarSi

Sesasrulebel hangad ar miaCnia, da rom nacvlad eklesiisa, mas ufro

sakoncerto darbazSi moismenda. Tavad informantebma aRniSnes imis Sesaxeb,

rom saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mier Seqmnili sagaloblebi

savaldebulod aravis dauwesebia.

gamokiTxulTa 48% procenti miiCnevs, rom globalizacias qarTul

saeklesio galobaze gavlena ar aqvs. meore, SedarebiT mcire nawils

miaCnia, rom marTalia qarTuli galoba garkveuli saSiSroebis winaSea,

magram miviwyebas ar miecema. Aim adamianebis procentuli maCvenebeli, visac

miaCnia, rom Tanamedrove epoqaSi qarTuli galoba SesaZloa miviwyebas

mieces, sakmaod mcirea. mgaloblebis umetesoba, qarTul galobas aRiqvams,

rogorc maradiul saeklesio xelovnebas, romelzec garemos mniSvnelovani

zegavlenis moxdena ar SeuZlia. miuxedavad imisa, rom garkveulwilad es

xedva romantizmis niSnebs atarebs, safuZvels moklebuli ar aris imdenad,

ramdenadac maT mier gamoTqmuli mosazreba, istoriul gamocdilebasac

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efuZneba. faqtia, rom qarTulma kulturam mravali sirTule gadalaxa da

dRevandelobamde mainc TviTmyofadi formiTa da SinaarsiT movida.

aseve umravlesoba gamokiTxuli adamianebisa miiCnevs, rom qarTuli

saeklesio galoba, nebismieri ganaTlebuli qarTvelisaTvis udidesi

erovnuli Rirebulebaa.

rogorc mgalobelTa jgufTan, ise individualuri Sexvedrebisas

ganxilul sakiTxTa Soris, galobis kanonika erT-erTi umTavresi problema

iyo. informantTa absoluturma umravlesobam erT-erT umniSvnelovanes

problemad, zogierT taZarSi arakanonikuri galobis praqtika daasaxela,

maSin rodesac maTi azriT, kanonikuri galoba, qarTul eklesia-monastrebSi

RvTismsaxurebis upirobo komponentia. samwuxarod, arakanonikuri

sagaloblebis Sesruleba an arSesruleba, konkretul taZarSi momsaxure

adamianebis keTil nebazea damokidebuli, radgan wmida sinodis (2003 wlis)

ganCinebis Tanaxmad, taZrebSi qarTuli tradiciuli samxmiani sagaloblebis

Sesruleba dakanonda, Tumca, rogorc Cans es sakmarisi ar aRmoCnda da amis

miuxedavad, am mimarTulebiT xarvezebi mainc arsebobs, razec mgaloblebma

Riad isaubres.

gamokiTxulTa absoluturi umravlesoba kanonikurad miiCnevs imas,

rasac taZarSi galobs da isurvebs, rom qveyanaSi am TvalsazrisiT meti

sakontrolo meqanizmebi amuSavdes. umetesobam, kanonikis raobis Sesaxeb

sakuTari xedva gamiziara, ramac mesame TavSi – mcire amonaridebis saxiT

hpova asaxva.

aRniSnuli sakiTxis ganxilvis Sedegad, naSromis daskvniT nawilSi im

principebis gansazRvras Sevecdebi, romelTa gareSe galobis kanonika

darRveulia.

d. SuRliaSvilis TqmiT `saeklesio qristianuli xelovnebis yovel

sferoSi arsebobs gansazRvruli kanoni, wesebisa da normebis garkveuli

sistema, rac ganapirobebs qmnilebisa Tu nawarmoebis saeklesio

kanonikasTan Sesabamisobas. Semoqmedebis mxatvrul-esTetikuri

Tavisuflebis pirobebSi, swored es sistema warmoadgens qristianuli

xelovnebis sekularizaciisgan damcav meqanizms. Amgvari sistema qarTul

150

himnografiaSic, saeklesio galobaSic dasturdeba” (SuRliaSvili, 2009:1).

mgalobelTa gundis regenti anatoli grindenko statias aseTi

sityvebiT iwyebs: `minda sakiTxi amgvarad davsva: Rirs ki Zveleburi

galobis aRdgena? axla xom XXI saukunea – progresi, cxovrebiseuli

cvlilebebi – xom ar gvegaloba is, rac Cven Tavad Segvefereba? Aaxla es

asec aris: Cven vgalobT imas, rac gvsurs da rac gviyvars... sakiTxic amiT

daixureboda rom ara erTi mniSvnelovani garemoeba – Cven taZarSi

vgalobT. amitom, modiT gavixsenoT Tu ra aris taZari. taZari – es uflisa

da suli wmidis saxlia da ara ubralo sacxovrebeli, romelSic adamianebi

binadroben... taZarSi yvelaferi sxvanairi unda iyos... rodesac sakoncerto

darbazSi musikis mosasmenad mivdivarT, Cveni nebaa, movismenT Tu ara,

magram taZarSi adamiani midis gaxsnili suliT, romelSic rac

RvTismsaxurebisas CaiRvreba, isve darCeba da am sulsac swored is

miwodebuli da CaRvrili aRzrdis. amitom, Cemi azriT Zalian

mniSvnelovania da albaT yvelaze mniSvnelovanic, Tu rogoria is galoba,

romelic taZarSi ismis... galoba, aris is, risi saSualebiTac Cveni suli

uxilav sulier samyaros unda Seexos” (Гринденко, 2014:1). avtori galobas

xats adarebs da aRniSnavs, rom rogorc xatebs ar vcvliT kankelSi, ise

unda iyos galobac, romelic Tavis droze erTxel ukve ganisazRra da

Camoyalibda. aravin fiqrobs da ambobs: `es xatebi Tvals mobezrda, modiT,

mamao sxva xatebi davabrZanoT” – zustad asevea sagalobelic! xolo

kanonikuri galoba locvad maSin gardaiqmneba, rodesac ukve aRar

vfiqrobT – sworad aviReT Tu ara notebi, bgera dabali mogvivida Tu

maRali... (Гринденко, 2014:2).

Tu gvsurs, rom galobis kanonika ar dairRves, rogorc mgalobelTa

gundis regentebma, ise Tavad mgaloblebma unda gaiTvaliswinon Semdegi:

1. intonaciur siTamames sifrTxiliT unda movekidoT;

2. galobisas moveridoT musikaluri gamomsaxvelobis iseT xerxebs,

romlebic sxva musikaluri JanrebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli;

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3. galobas ar unda etyobodes romelime epoqis musikaluri mimdinareobis

gavlena. magaliTisaTvis romantizmi SemiZlia moviyvano, radgan rogorc

saqarTveloSi, ise mis farglebs gareT, sagaloblis saSemsruleblo

maneraze swored am musikaluri mimdinareobis gavlenis tendencia

arsebobs, rac ZiriTadad bgeris artikulirebaSi gamoixateba;

4. mgalobelTa gundisa da misi regentis mier sagaloblebisadmi

damokidebulebaSi unda Candes, rom saeklesio galoba vokaluri

sagundo musikisagan gansxvavdeba – saeklesio galobaSi mTavaria ara

uSualod musika, aramed am musikis RvTismsaxurebisadmi mikuTvnebuloba;

5. saeklesio galobis solo-Semsruleblobas Tavi unda avaridoT.

saeklesio musikosis xedva, samgaloblo tradiciis zedmiwevniT kargad

codnas unda efuZnebodes, xolo codnis safuZveli ki misi liturgikuli

praqtikidan unda momdinareobdes. Tu aseTi gamocdili regenti/mgalobeli

ver aRwevs im gansxvavebas, rac taZris kedlebsa da mis miRma Sesrulebul

hangebs Soris unda arsebobdes, maSin zemoT aRniSnuli praqtika

gadasaxedia.

rogorc naSromis mesame TavSi aRbeWdili amonaridebidan Cans,

gamovlinda rigi problemebisa, romelTa gadaWrac qarTuli saeklesio

galobis sferos did samsaxurs gauwevda. dro mxolod galobis sferoSi

arsebuli mdgomareobis sawinaaRmdegod muSaobs da Sesabamisad, qvemoT

ganxiluli problemebis gadaWra gadaudebel saqmed mimaCnia.

mgaloblebma yvelaze didi dro ganaTlebis sakiTxze saubars

dauTmes; es gansakuTrebulad mwvave sakiTxi sam ZiriTad kategoriad

davyavi:

1. uSualod mgalobelTa profesiuli ganaTleba, rac galobis xarisxsze

dadebiT asaxvas hpovebda,

2. galobis mimarTulebiT sasuliero pirebis ukeT ganaTleba, rac taZarSi

mgaloblebisTvis ufro xelSemwyob garemos Seqmnida,

3. saqarTvelos saSualo saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebsa da musikalur

skolebSi galobis gakveTilebis SemoReba, rac erTis mxriv am sferos

152

mcodneTa ricxvs gazrdida, meores mxriv ki galobis mimarT sazogadoebis

mxridan dainteresebasa da damokidebulebas axal – ufro maRal safexurze

aiyvanda.

kidev erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxi galobis saqmis materialuri

uzrunvelyofaa, rac Tavis mxriv ganaTlebis sakiTxTan aris dakavSirebuli.

mesame TavSi amis Sesaxeb aRiniSna, Tumca naSromis daskvniT nawilSic

aucileblad unda iTqvas, rom am sferos meti finansuri mxardaWera

esaWiroeba, radgan dResdReobiT saqarTveloSi Znelad Tu moiZebneba

profesia, romlis mqone adamianebs mgaloblebis msgavsi mciredi

anazRaureba hqondes. imisaTvis, rom mgalobloba, rogorc profesia

saTanadod dafasdes, metad srulyofili xasiaTi SeiZinos da miaxloebiT

mainc daubrundes is statusi, romelic mas gasul saukuneebSi hqonda,

saWiroa, rom saxelmwifom kulturis politikis xaziT aucilebeli

nabijebi gadadgas; aseve saWiroa Camoyalobdes gamarTuli sistema,

romelic galobis saqmis sworad warmarTvas Seuwyobs xels. saeklesio

galoba, rogorc `maCvenebeli imisa, rani viyaviT, rani varT da rogori

gvinda viyoT momavalSi” (kezevaZe, mamukelaSvili, 2006:5) swored awmyosa da

momavlis konteqstSi unda aRviqvaT, raTa gakeTdes is, rac dRevandel dRes

xelgvewifeba da rac am mimarTulebis ukeTes momavals gansazRvravs.

qarTulma galobam gamoiara XX saukunis pirveli naxevari – periodi,

rodesac `aikrZala sagaloblebi da saerTod yvela simRera, romlebSic

RmerTi iyo naxsenebi” (erqomaiSvili, 2006:5), da dRes, rodesac galoba aRar

idevneba, xolo misi saqme ki mTlianad Cvenzea mondobili, valdebulni

varT, rom qarTul saeklesio galobas arsebobis ukeTesi pirobebi

SevuqmnaT. qarTuli kulturis marTebuli da gaazrebuli politika aris is

umTavresi winapiroba, romelic qarTul saeklesio galobasa da galobiT

dainteresebul mecnierebsa Tu praqtikosebs, ganviTarebis saSualebas

miscemda.

rac Seexeba uSualod qarTuli saeklesio samgaloblo repertuaris,

galobis stilisa da maneris sakiTxebs, maT gadawyvetaSi araerTi mxare

Rebulobs monawileobas:

153

- wmida sinodi

- sapatriarqos saeklesio galobis centri

- eparqiis winamZRvari

- taZris winamZRvari

- mgalobelTa gundis regenti

- galobis mcodne kvalificiur mecnier-mkvlevarTa jgufi

- mgaloblebi

da sasurveli iqneboda galobasTan dakavSirebuli problematuri

sakiTxebis maT mier erToblivi ganxilva, maTi meti koordinacia, radgan

rodesac saxelwmifos mxridan ganxorcielebul kulturul politikaze

vsaubrobT, isic unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom saxelmwifobde sakiTxebis

saWiro konteqstSi mitana da Sesabamisi mxardaWeris moTxovna, swored

imaTi prerogativaa, vinc galobis saqme icis da visTvisac qarTuli

saeklesio galoba samecniero Tu saeklesio cxovrebis ganuyofeli nawilia.

marTalia, qarTuli samusiko niSnebi Cveni kvlevis interess ar

warmoadgens da Sesabamisad arc mis vrcel ganxilvas ar SevudgebiT, magram

vsaubrobT ra qarTuli galobis Tanamedrove mdgomareobaze, aucilebelia

vaxsenoT isic, rom bolo periodSi, ara notebiT, aramed nevmebiT

aRbeWdili sagaloblebis Sesrulebis tradiciis aRdgenis mcdeloba da am

mimarTulebiT intensiuri muSaobis tendencia SeiniSneba.

2005 wels, anCisxatis gundis mgalobelma zaal wereTelma,

saerTaSoriso samecniero sazogadoebis winaSe, uZvelesi qarTuli

samgaloblo niSnebis interpretaciis SesaZleblobis sakiTxi gamoitana. `X

saukunis qarTuli samgaloblo niSnebis (nevmebis) gaSifrva jerjerobiT

amouxsnel problemaTa rigs ganekuTvneba. winamdebare naSromi swored am

sakiTxs eZRvneba. X s. or ZeglSi, miqael modrekilis `iadgarSi” da

`Zlispirni da RvTismSoblisani”-Si arsebuli saerTo sagaloblebis

erTmaneTTan Sedarebam da maTi XIX saukunis sanoto xelnawerebSi

dafiqsirebul analogebTan SeTavsebis mcdelobam saSualeba mogvca

gagvekeTebina zogierTi daskvna, romelic, vfiqrobT, saintereso iqneba am

154

sakiTxebiT dainteresebuli specialistebisaTvis” (wereTeli, 2005:367).

mogvianebiT, z. wereTelma kidev erTi Sroma sajaro ganxilvaze kidev

gamoitana, romelic wina SromasTan SedarebiT ufro masStabur xasiaTs

atarebda. misi TqmiT, monacemTa bazaSi ukve Tavmoyrilia 70-ze meti

Zlispiri, romelTagan TiToeulisTvis mas moepoveba nevmirebuli teqstic

da misi sanoto Sesatyvisic (XIX saukunis xelnawerebidan). avtori askvnis:

`X saukunis nevmirebuli teqstebi asaxulia XIX saukunis sanoto

xelnawerebSi. amis dasturia mravali SemTxveva, roca erTnairad

nevmirebul monakveTebs erTnairi melodiebi Seesabameba. amgvarad, Zvelma

samgaloblo hangebma Cvenamde moaRwia, Tumca isini amJamad erTgvarad

saxecvlilia... Zlispirebis galobiT Tqmis tradiciis aRsadgenad saWiroa

moxdes Zlispiris hangis nevmirebul teqstTan SesabamisobaSi moyvana misi

gasadavebis gziT. am mimarTulebiT gadadgmulma praqtikulma nabijebma

dagvarwmuna, rom am amocanis ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia” (wereTeli,

2010:520).

am TvalsazrisiT aseve sagulisxmoa z. wereTlis krebuli, romelic

2013 wels gamoica. naSromis winasityvaobaSi vkiTxulobT: `zaal wereTlis

krebuli sami nevmirebuli kanoni qarTuli nevmebis Seswavlis sferoSi

etapobrivi mniSvnelobis gamocemad migvaCnia. misi upirvelesi daniSnuleba,

erTis mxriv, qarTuli nevmirebis tradiciis samgaloblo praqtikaSi

gacocxleba da RvTismsaxurebaSi dabrunebaa, amave dros, am sagnis kvleva-

Seswavlis kidev ufro gaaqtiurebas emsaxureba...” (wereTeli, 2013:VII,

winasityvaoba d. SuRliaSvilis).

2014 wels mgalobelTa da momReralTa specialur jgufebSi

(socialur qselSi) gavrcelda gancxadeba, romelic am mimarTulebiT

praqtikul samuSaoebs iTvaliswinebs da romelSic ramdenime iseTi sakiTxia

naxsenebi, romelic qarTuli saeklesio galobis Tanamedrove mdgomareobis

erTgvar anarekls warmoadgens. amonaridis saxiT gancxadebis im nawils

moviyvan, romelic, rogorc nevmebis Seswavlis, ise galobis statusis

sakiTxs exeba:

155

`2014 wlis aprilidan, sapatriarqos galobis centris proeqtis

farglebSi, daiwyeba treningebi mgalobelTa gundebisaTvis nevmebiT

galobaSi. mogexsenebaT, rom dResdReobiT, kanonebis SemadgenlobaSi

Semavali himnografiuli teqstebi, nacvlad galobisa, waikiTxeba

medaviTneebis mier. jer erTi, rom amgvari viTareba TavisTavad

arasaxarbieloa: eklesia iTxovs galobas, Cven ki am moTxovnas ver

vasrulebT. meorec, swraf-swrafad CakiTxuli teqstebi ise ikargeba

sivrceSi, rom saerTod ver aRwevs mlocvelebis gulebamde, RvTismsaxureba

ki kargavs im elfers, romelic mas odesRac qonda (anu maSin, roca

yvelaferi igalobeboda) saqarTveloSi. proeqtis mizania qarTuli

RvTismsaxurebis am xarvezis gamosworeba da nevmebiT galobis tradiciis

kvlav eklesiis wiaRSi dabruneba. Treningebs Caatarebs anCisxatis gundis

regenti zaal wereTeli.” garda nevmebiT galobis aRdgenis tradiciisa, es

gancxadeba imiTac aris mniSvnelovani, rom masSi galobisadmi

damokidebuleba da is mTavari koncefcia Cans, rac galobis

RvTismsaxurebis konteqstSi ganxilvasa da mis funqcias ukavSirdeba.

sagulisxmoa, rom saqarTvelos msgavsad, notebis nacvlad – nevmebiT

galobis aRdgenisken swrafva, ruseTis samgaloblo wreebSic aqtualuri

Temaa. rusul samusikismcodneo medievistikaSi, nevmirebuli xelnawerebis

gaSifrvis gacilebiT xangrZlivi tradicia arsebobs da am TvalsazrisiT

maTi samecniero Tu praqtikuli gamocdileba, Cvensas mniSvnelovanwilad

aRemateba, rasac qvemoT Sevexebi.AaRmosavleT qristianuli eklesiis am ori

arsebiTad gansxvavebuli tradiciis SedarebiTi Seswavlisas mniSvnelovania

gvaxsovdes, rom rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise ruseTSi, aTeisturma sabWoTa

ideologiam, bunebrivia qristianul galobas didi ziani miayena. Tumca

miuxedavad imisa, rom ruseTs, saqarTvelosgan gansxvavebiT arc

avtokefalia daukargavs da arc sxva qveynis eqspansia ganucdia, aq uZvelesi

rusuli samgaloblo tradiciebi TandaTan daviwyebas mieca da maTi adgili

sasuliero koncertma daimkvidra. dResdReobiT, ruseTSi tradiciuli

saeklesio galobis aRdgenisken swrafvis intensiuri procesi mimdinareobs,

romelSic umetesad mkvlevarTa, regentTa da mgalobelTa Zalze viwro wre

156

monawileobs. SeiniSneba, erTis mxriv, Suasaukuneebis liturgikul-

samgaloblo kulturis aRorZinebis, xolo meores mxriv ki, saeklesio

galobis erovnuli identifikaciis tendencia (diasamiZe, 2012:447).

rogorc cnobilia, rusuli musikaluri medievistika xelnawerTa

siuxviT gamoirCeva. Cvenamde moRweul, rogorc monodiur, ise mravalxmian

sagalobelTa xelnawerebSi rusuli musikaluri damwrlobis – samgaloblo

niSnebis (nevmebis, rusulad – kriukebis) mdidari tradicia fiqsirdeba;

garda xelnawerebis saxiT sagalobelTa kargad Semonaxuli korpusisa,

aseve xeluxleblad Semoinaxes iseTi traqtatebi, romlebSic samgaloblo

niSnebis esTetikuri mxare da sagaloblis Sesrulebisas – ama Tu im

samusiko niSanTan dakavSirebuli ganwyobaa aRwerili, rac mgaloblebsa da

am sferoSi momuSave specialistebs udavod did daxmarebas uwevs. msgavsi

tipis traqtats, SesaZloa saqarTveloSic earseba, Tumca gamomdinare

iqidan, rom saukuneebis manZilze, qarTuli nevmirebuli xelnawerebi,

savaraudod Semosevebis dros nadgurdeboda, rasac qarTuli nevmirebuli

damwerlobis – garkveul etapze Sewyvetili da Semdgom gagrZelebuli

tradicia gvafiqrebinebs, gasakviri ar aris, rom traqtatma, Tu aseTi

arsebobda – Cvenamde ver moaRwia. kidev erTi xelmosaWidi, rac rusulma

musikalurma Teoriam Semoinaxa, es originaluri samgaloblo bgeraTrigia,

romelic Cvenamde `lestvica”-s saxiTa da saxelwodebiT movida. Sesabamisad,

ruseTSi saeklesio musikaluri mexsierebis aRdgenas, pirvel rigSi,

nevmirebul xelnawerebze dayrdnobiT cdiloben, maSin roca saqarTveloSi,

galobis Cvenamde mosvlis mTavari mizezi, hangis uwyveti gadacema, mZlavri

zepiri tradiciaa. rus musikolog-medievistebTan saubrisas, maT araerTxel

aRuniSnavT, rom qarTuli samgaloblo tradiciis erT-erTi xibli, swored

imaSi mdgomareobs, rom igi sicocxlisunarianobiT gamorCeva da xalxis

musikaluri mexsierebis wyalobiT Taobidan Taobas gadaecema.

ilia ambobs – `Cvena vsTqviT, rom simRera gulisTqmaa. rogorc calke

kacis guli, ise guli erisa bevrSi sxva calke eris guls ar hgavs... amis

gamo gulisTqmac, gulis gamometyvelebac sul sxva aris xolme da yovels

ers Tavisi kilo, Tavisi hangi aqvs am sxvadasxvaobisaTvis” (WavWavaZe,

157

1991:276-277). am TvalsazrisiT, musika sakmaod rTuli Sinagani bunebis mqone

mxatvrul-esTetikuri fenomenia, romelic, erTi mxriv, tradiciuli

kulturis ganuyofeli nawils warmoadgens, meore mxriv, ki igi is

`universaluri enaa, romelic yvelgan esmiT. am enaze yvela qveyanasa da

yvela saukuneSi saubroben” (Шопенгауэр, 1919:33).

Cem mier sadisertacio naSromSi ganxilul sakiTxTa Soris, erT-erT

mniSvnelovan problemad mimaCnia is, Tu kulturuli identobis ra

formasTan gvaqvs saqme, maSin rodesac kulturuli auTsaideri ucxo

qveynis tradiciul musikas eziareba; xdeba Tu ara es ucxo kultura misi

kulturuli identobis Semadgeneli nawili? Cemi azriT aseT fenomens

SegviZlia SeZenili identoba vuwodoT, romlis pirobebSi ara genetikur,

aramed ucxo kulturis konteqstSi Camoyalibebul kulturul/musikalur

identobasTan gvaqvs saqme.

dRemde, sxvadasxva sivrceSi, globalizaciis avkargianobaze cxared

kamaToben. „kargia” Tu „cudi” globalizacia (Steger, 2003:XII), romlis erT-

erTi mZlavri gamovlineba, swored kulturuli globalizaciaa. manfred b.

stigeri wers, rom globalizaciaze saubari, misi kulturuli ganzomilebis

gareSe, warmoudgeneli iqneboda (Steger, 2003:69). rogorc SesavalSive

aRvniSne, Tanamedrove globalizaciam mniSvnelovanwilad ganapiroba

kulturuli mravalferovnebisa da misi Seswavlis wina planze wamoweva; ama

Tu im kulturulma movlenam, ara mxolod adgilobrivi, aramed ucxoeli

mecnierebis yuradReba ufro meti sixSiriT miipyro da igi saerTaSoriso

kvlevis sagnad iqca. amave avtoris mier dasmul SekiTxvas –

`globalizaciis Sedegad, adamianebi ufro emsgavsebian erTmaneTs, Tu ufro

gansxvavebulebi xdebian?” (Steger, 2003:70), winamdebare kvlevis Sedegebidan

gamomdinare, ori pasuxi aqvs: msgavseba SesaZloa erTi da imave

kulturisadmi interessa da am kulturis Seswavlis TanaziarobaSi

gamoixatebodes. Tu iaponeli da amerikeli momRerali qarTul mravalxmian

hangs erTad asrulebs, maT Soris arsebuli mravali gansxvavebis fonze, es

maTi socialuri daaxloebis erTgvar aqts warmoadgens, romlis drosac,

158

asruleben ra erTi xalxis tradiciul musikas, isini urTierTmsgavsebas

avlenen. imavdroulad, globalizaciis fonze, tradiciul kulturaTa

TviTmyofadobam mkafiod iCina Tavi da ganisazRvra ra TiToeuli maTganis

unikaloba, Sesabamisma organizaciebma, maT Seswavlas didi yuradReba

dauTmes.

unda gaviTvaliswinoT isic, rom maSin, rodesac msaobrivi kulturis

gavrcelebis areali grandiozul masStabebs aRwevs, tradiciis matarebel

adamianebTan erTad, kulturuli auTsaiderebi im mcirericxovan jgufs

ganekuTvnebian, romelic tradiciul musikas dakargvisagan icavs da mis

SenarCunebasa Tu gavrcelebas uwyobs xels. aseve sagulisxmoa kulturuli

auTsaideris mier, ucxo musikis SesrulebasTan daavSirebuli emociuri

mxarec, rac, rogorc naSromis pirvel TavSi aRiniSna, mocemuli suraTis

srul konteqstSi danaxvis SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs. qarTuli tradiciuli

musikis magaliTze Tu vimsjelebT, Tamamad SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom ucxoel

Semsruleblebs madlierebis gancda aerTianebT. am madlierebis safuZvels

warmoadges qarTul hangebze wvdoma, maTi Seswavlis SesaZlebloba da

musikis JReradobiT miRebuli is sruliad unikaluri veli da mdgomareoba,

romelzec araerTi maTgani amaxvilebs yuradRebas. Cven – qarTvel

momRerlebsa Tu mkvlevrebs didi yuradReba gvmarTebs, maSin, rodesac: 1.

ucxoel Semsruleblebs vaswavliT, 2. rogorc eTnoforebi – ucxoeli

mecnierisTvis qarTul tradiciul musikas vasrulebT, raTa man Cven mier

Sesrulebul masalaze dayrdnobiT, qarTuli musikis Sesaxeb samecniero

Sroma Seqmnas, 3. ukve Sedegis saxiT – ucxoeli momRerlebis mier

Sesrulebul qarTul musikas vismenT, 4. ukve Sedegis saxiT – ucxoeli

mkvlevris mier qarTuli xalxuri musikisa Tu saeklesio galobis irgvliv

momzadebul moxsenebas vismenT. oTxive SemTxvevaSi, saerTaSoriso

masStabiT, masalis SecdomiT gavrcelebisa da gamoqveynebis albaToba

arsebobs, rac pirvel rigSi kulturuli insaiderebis mxridan yuradRebas

saWiroebs. am gziT Cven daxmarebas gavuwveT ara mxolod qarTuli

tradiciuli musikis Semsruleblobasa da eTnomusikologiis dargs, aramed

uSualod im adamianebs – Semsruleblebsa Tu mkvlevrebs, romlebic

159

qarTuli musikiT arian dainteresebulni da mis kanonzomierebebSi garkvevas

cdiloben.

pirvel TavSi mocemuliGgansazRvrebidan gamomdinare – kulturuli

identoba vlindeba, rogorc koleqtiur, ise individualur doneze. igi

warmoadgens: istoriaze, genetikur kavSirze, erovnebaze, sacxovrebel

adgilze, sametyvelo enaze, saerTo Rirebulebebze dafuZnebuli

parametrebis nakrebs, romelTanac individi sakuTari Tavis kulturul

identifikacias axdens. kulturuli identoba erTis mxriv sakuTari Tavis

Secnobas, xolo meores mxriv ki sakuTari Tavis sxvebTan kavSirSi Secnobas

gulisxmobs, SeZenili identoba – individualur doneze gamovlenili

identobis formaa, romlis TvalsaCino magaliTs boloTqmis daskvniT

nawilSi warmogidgenT.

sasuliero piri, romelmac garkveuli droiT saqarTveloSi

daimkvidra bina, qarTveli ar gaxlavT. igi saqarTvelos ukrainidan ewvia.

mama sergei (logvinenko) Zalian axalgazrda Camovida saqarTveloSi. aq

miRebuliMmisi pirveli STabeWdileba gergetis wminda samebis taZars

ukavSirdeba. msaxurobda salxinos monasterSi. amJamad kvlav Wyondidis

eparqiaSi – kerZod baldas mamaTa monasterSi msaxurobs. mama sergei

qarTuli galobis didi qomagia. is mudmivad ecnoba rogorc xelnawerebs,

ise audio Canawerebs da Tavad flobs, rogorc qarTul enas, ise qarTuli

galobis xelovnebas.

qarTuli saeklesio galoba man pirvelad maSin moismina, rodesac

ukrainaSi morCilad msaxurobda. miaCnia, rom gaumarTla, radgan 2004 wels

kiev-peCeris lavras anCisxatis mgalobelTa gundi ewvia da erToblivi

msaxurebisas, qarTuli galobac pirvelad swored maTgan moismina.

gansakuTrebiT eqvTime kereseliZis xelnawerebSi daculi `wmindao RmerTo”

daamaxsovrda da rogorc miTxra, galobiT miRebuli STabeWdileba imdenad

didi iyo, rom mas Semdeg – qaTuli sagaloblebis Seswavla ocnebad

gadaeqca. ukve mogvianebiT, yazbegSi yofnisas, rodesac lia salayaias

mgalobel gogonaTa gundis SesrulebiT gelaTis skolis sagaloblebi

moismina; maT RamisTevis locva Caatares da mama sergeimac `Rirs arsis”

160

raJden xundaZiseuli varianti zepirad iswavla da TavisTvis notebzec

Cawera. amis Semdeg man TbilisSi erT-erTi mgalobeli gaicno da misi

galobis praqtikac ufro intensiuri gaxda. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu marto yofna

uwevda, `cal-cal xmaze” galobda. `Tu orni iyvnen, or xmaSi gamobdnen”;

mama sergeis TqmiT, mrevlSi kargi monacemebis mqone adamianebi monasterSi

darCnen da axla isini erTad galoben. Tavdapirvelad, mama sergei bans

ambobda, axla ki ZiriTadad meore xmas galobs.

yvelaze saintereso, qarTuli galobis mimarT misi damokidebulebaa.

miaCnia, rom erTxmiani da mravalxmiani galoba `Tanabari araa”.

magaliTisaTvis – Semoqmedis samonastro skolis arseboba, aRdgena da

SenarCuneba, misi azriT `saswaulis tolfasia, romlis miReba da Senaxva

dRes aucilebelia”.

mama sergeisTan yvela im sakiTxze visaubre, rac Cem mier

mgalobelTaTvis Sedgenil kiTxvarSia mocemuli. maTgan mxolod

ramdenimeze gavamaxvileb yuradRebas.

misi azriT galoba ara statikuri movlena, aramed dinamikuri

procesis Semadgeneli nawilia. mama sergeim, rogorc qarTuli tradiciuli

galobis mimdevarma, uwmindesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia meoris sagaloblebTan dakavSirebiT, galobis

mdgomareobis Tanamedrove konteqstSi Semdegi mosazreba gagviziara:

`rogorc mrevlisTvis ufro misaRebi, es galoba erT-erTi safexuria,

romelsac ufro maRal safexurze ayavxar... sjobs raRaciT daviwyoT, Tumca

amaze ar unda davrCeT. raRac SeiZleba ar mogvwondes, magram es RvTisagan

daSvebulia da misi sruli uaryofa gadametebul radikalizmad mimaCnia. is,

rom patriarqis sagaloblebs amdeni msmeneli yavs, bevrs niSnavs, radgan es

eklesiaSi galobis smenis kulturasac ayalibebs da am mxriv

wingadadgmuli nabijia. filimon qoriZis is sagaloblebi, rac Cven gvxvda

wilad, qarTuli galobis imwamieri foto-portretia; es ar niSnavs, rom

sul ase iyo... Tu yvela kargad viswavliT sada kilos da vigalobebT, es

kargi dasawyisi iqneba. is, rac raJden xundaZem gaakeTa, aqtualuria. rac

gvaqvs masala, imis gamartiveba unda moxdes da skolebSi dainergis. bavSvi

161

unda izrdebodes qarTul sivrcesa da musikaSi, da ara imaSi, raSic axla

izrdeba, rom sakuTari musika ufro misaRebi gaxdes da galoba kilos

CarCoebSi iyos. sakuTar magaliTze getyviT, rom Cemi azriT, musikaluri

grZnoba izrdeba; raRaciT unda daiwyo da mere ufro rTulze gadaxvide.

Tavidan Semoqmedis skolis sagaloblebis mosmena miWirda, axla ki Zalian

miyvars.”

qarTuli saeklesio galobis ucxo enaze Sesrulebisa da piriqiT –

ucxouri tradiciis marTlmadidebluri hangis qarTul enaze

SesrulebasTan dakavSirebiT, mama sergeis pozicia aseTia: `me es praqtikaSi

gaviare, roca `Sen xar venaxis” hangze, rusulad `romelni qerubimTas”

teqsts vgalobdiT. 22 me vfiqrob qarTuli galobis sxva enaze Sesruleba

ufro misaRebia, vidre piriqiT; rusuli galoba qarTul enaze ar momwons.

radgan qarTuli galoba ufro ganviTarebulia, misi Sesruleba

RvTismsaxurebas amdidrebs, aseTi gamdidreba ki Cvens mizans unda

warmoadgendes. piriqiT mocemuli varianti, RvTismsaxurebas aRaribebs”.

galobis kanonikis Sesaxeb, mama sergeis mosazreb imaSi mdgomareobs,

rom marTalia, kanonikuri, an wminda galoba – swor, marTal galobas

gulisxmobs da Sesabamisad es termini sworia, magram unda CamovyalibdeT

imaze, Tu ras vgulisxmobT kanonikur galobaSi.

samgaloblo repertuaris regionuli konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT

SesrulebasTan dakavSirebiT, mama sergeis TqmiT, imaSi cudi araferia, Tu

sxvadasxva skolis sagaloblebi saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi ecodinebaT,

Tumca, misi azriT, upiratesoba swored regionisTvis damaxasiaTebel

samgaloblo skolas unda mieniWos. iqve daamata, rom religiuris

upiratesobiT, religiur da musikalur sawyisebs galobaSi TiTqmis

Tanabari mniSvneloba aqvs.

mama sergeisTan CemTvis erT metad mniSvnelovan sakiTxsac Sevexe, rac

galobis esTetikur mxares, emociis gamovlenasa da sitkoebis gancdas

22

am formiT galoba (`Sen xar venaxi”-s qarTul hangze `Иже Херувимы”-is teqstis dadeba) sakmaod gavrcelebuli praqtikaa, rogorc ruseTsa da ukrainaSi, ise sazRvargareTis sxva qveynebis marTlmadideblur taZrebSi.

162

ukvaSirdeba. `saqme imaSia, rom Cven jer ver varCevT ra aris sitkbo da ra

aris suli wmidis sitkbo; sityvieri, gonebrivi da gulismieri locva. asevea

galobaSic, magram Cven jer notebis kiTxvas vswavlobT da meore etapzec ki

gadavediT, magram saqarTveloSi rom iyvnen sruli mgaloblebi – es

niSnavda imas, rom Tan loculobdnen da Tan galobdnen; melodia da tempi

xels ar uSlidaT, rom guliT elocaT, e. i. musika locvas ar uSlida da

es galobis sul sxva donea. Cven jer sxva etapze varT – sagaloblebis

sworad Sesrulebas vswavlobT”.

garda imisa, rom sakiTxis Seswavlis Tvisobriv mxares, mama sergeim

mniSvnelovani masala Semata, Tavad warmoCinda, rogorc SeZenili

kulturuli da musikaluri identobis TvalnaTeli magaliTi, romelmac

qarTuli saeklesio galoba siRrmiseulad gaiTavisa da RvTismsaxurebis

sakuTar praqtikaSi daamkvidra. rogorc man aRniSna, am mimarTulebiT bevri

samuSaoa Casatarebeli da aucilebelia im teqnikuri SesaZleblobebis

gamoyeneba, romelic dRevandel dRes mogvepoveba, radgan XIX saukuneSi,

qarTuli galoba gadaarCines da SeinarCunes ise, rom msgavsi teqnikuri

SesaZleblobebi ar qoniaT.

rCeba STabeWdileba, rom zemoxsenebul (XIX) saukuneSi, sazogado

moRvaweebis TanadgomiT, ramdenime maRali ierarqiis mqone sasuliero piris

Zalisxmevam marTlac udidesi Sedegi gamoiRo. TiTqos maSin, sasuliero da

saero pirTa meti konsolidacia da mzaoba arsebobda; isini yovelgvar

resurss iyenebdnen saimisod, rom qarTuli saeklesio galoba momdevno

Taobebs gadascemoda.

dRes, rodesac erTi mxriv finansuri, meore mxriv ki teqnikuri

SesaZleblobebis TvalsazrisiT gacilebiT win waviwieT, calkeuli

mecenatis, fondisa Tu sferos Sesabamisi institutebis didi mxardaWeris

miuxedavad, galobis saqmeSi myof adamianebs ukmarisobis gancda aqvT, rac

safuZvels moklebuli ar aris. aseve didia im mcire raodenobis sasuliero

pirTa Zalisxmeva, romelTac qarTuli tradiciuli hangis raobasa da mis

mniSvnelobaze, sakmaod srulyofili warmodgena aqvT, rac saeklesio

gundebisadmi maT mxardaWeras ganapirobebs, Tumca sakmarisi arc es aris,

163

radgan gundebisadmi damokidebuleba, sasuliero piris pirad codnasa da

Sexedulebebze ufroa damokidebuli, vidre wesze, romelsac yvela taZarSi

unda misdevdnen.

rogorc ukve aRvniSne, winamdebare Sroma, am sakiTxis kvlevis erT

aspeqts moicavs. Cem mier naSromis Sesavlis dasasruls aRiniSna im

samomavlo kvlevebis Sesaxeb, romlebic am mimarTulebiT perspeqtivaSi

mesaxeba. kvlevis am etapze, CemTvis mniSvnelovani iyo, rom qarTuli

saeklesio galobis dRevandeli mdgomareobiT arsebuli monacemebi

momegrovebina, gameanalizebina da aRmebeWda. vfiqrob, am masalis

dafiqsireba, galobis sferoSi arsebuli ZiriTadi problemebis

gamosavlenad wingadadgmuli nabijia. aseve mniSvnelovnad mimaCnia, qarTuli

saeklesio galobis, qarTvelTa kulturuli identobis kuTxiT ganxilva,

rac imedi maqvs – rogorc uSualod kulturuli da musikaluri identobis

sakiTxebiT dainteresebulT, ise musikis anTropologiis mimarTulebiT

Casatarebel samomavlo samuSaoebs garkveul samsaxurs gauwevs.

Cemi mizani iyo Semeqmna iseTi naSromi, romelic mimarTuli iqneboda,

rogorc sferos SigniT, ise mis gareT myofi mkiTxvelisaken, rac

anTropologiis mimarTulebis erT-erT princips warmoadgens (Lambek, 2008:1).

am principiT xelmZRvanelobis saWiroebas, Temis aqtualoba da masalis

sicocxlisunarianobac ganapirobebs. qarTuli tradiciuli saeklesio hangi,

Taroze Semodebuli, mxolod xelnawerebSi SemorCenili galoba rom

yofiliyo, misi kulturuli konteqstis ganxilva, medievistTa viwro wres

savaraudod verc gascdeboda, magram aq saubaria galobaze, romelsac

politikuri reJimi krZalavda da romelic uamravi winaaRmdegobis

miuxedavad ara Tu gadarCa, aramed qveynis kulturul cxovrebaSi dResac

Tavis adgils ikavebs.

xangrZlivi istoriuli periodis Semdeg, koleqtiuri aRqma garkveul

cvlilebebs ganicdis (Benjamin, 2008:23). is, rac wina saukuneebSi sayovelTao

aRiarebis sagani iyo, TanamedroveobaSi, specialur Seswavlas saWiroebs,

raTa dadgindes, Tu vin rogor aRiqvams erT dros `sayovelTaod

164

aRiarebuls” dRes, rac ama Tu im sagnis perspeqtivaSi danaxvis

SesaZleblobasac gvaZlevs. mniSvnelovania davfiqrdeT imaze, Tu ra

komponentebs moicavs Cveni tradiciuli qmedeba dRes, ra SevinarCuneT –

wminda, an saxecvlili formiT da Segnebulad Tu qvecnobierad – raze

vTqviT uari. kulturuli warsulis, awmyosa da momavlis konteqstSi

sakuTari Tavis aRqma, kulturul identobaSi garkvevis sawindaria.

165

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