OFFICIAL PAPEREVERETT CENTRAL

LABOR COUNCIL El}? lEabor Journal PUBLISHED INTHE INTEREST OF

ORGANIZED LABOR

VOL. XXIX.

INDIVIDUALBARGAINING HAS BEEN"WEIGHED AND FOUND WANTING"

Individual bargaining has "beenweighed and found wanting."

For centuries employers dealt withworkers as individuals, while organ-izations of laborers were declaredconspiracies and treated as such bythe state.

During all this period, down tobut a comparatively few years ago,the power of these employers to ap-ply their individual bargaining the-ory was unchallenged.

Who is responsible for the change?Why have 5,000,000 wage-earners re-jected the "free and independent"status favored by employers?

At one time these employers hadindividual bargaining in their plants.They alone set wages and hours.They dictated working conditions.They were as complete masters oftheir employes as is Garyism in thesteel trust's mills.

If this was an ideal condition,what changed it?

Could a few "agitators" or labor"leaders" overthrow a system sup-ported by the state and every of herpower at the command of the mas-ter?

Or did the system collapse be-cause it rested on greed ?

The history of production and dis-tribution in every country convictsthe individual bargaining employer.He had a free hand in dealing with"free and independent" workers andthese employes were driven into

unions like wild horses on theprairies, who are forced to form a

circle, with heads in and heels out,to protect themselves from the

wolves.When wage-earners had no voice

in working Conditions they wereground down as are the steel trust's11 anil 18-hour serfs in 1921.

If individual bargaining meansjustice to the workers, why must itbe protected by spies, gunmen andche injunction judge.

Why does it succumb to tradenionism when workers are per-nitted free choice?

Workers unite because of neces-sity.

ihey unite when they find thatfairy tales, broken promises, injus-tice and deceit arc poor substitutesfor economic need.

The employer who talks of indi-vidual bargaining has had his dayin court. He had indiviudal bargain-ing and his employes were com-pelled to organize.

He feudalized his employes once,now he wants to feudalize themagain. ,

Does he imagine that workers for-get when he talks of the "glories" ofindividual bargaining?

"A burnt child dreads the fire."Agitate! Educate! Organize!?

American Federation of Labor NewsLetter.

OUT-OF-WORKS TOTAL 3,473,446OVER LAST YEAR'S UNEMPLOYED

Washington, Jan. 29.?The firstof this year there were 3,473,446less workers employed in industrythan in January, 1920, according toreports published by the UnitedStates Department of Labor as aresult of a nation-wide survey. Thisestimate applies only to "industry."

Michigan reports the largest out-of-work army with a reduction of82 per cent in employment over lastyear. Ohio and Indiana follow with50 per cent reduction, Illinois isnext with 44 per cent reduction, Con-necticut with 43 per cent reduction,Massachusetts 38 per cent, NewYork 28 per cent, Wisconcin 32 percent and New Jersey 22 per cent.

The largest number of unemployedis in the automobile industry, whichreports 69 per cent unemployed overa year ago. This industry employs

about 8 per cent of the total num-ber employed in all industry. Sec-ond in rank in unemployment is thebuilding trades with about 52 percent reduction. In January, 1920,the building trades employed about11 per cent of the total number em-ployed in industry.

Textiles report a per centreduction in unemployment over lastyear; leather and boots and shoes,35 per cent reduction; lumber andwood products, 32 per cent; meats,machinery and electric goods, 30Vzper cent; clay, glass, cement andstone products, 19 per cent; pack-ing and food products, 19 per cent.

This report should indicate whyorganized labor is urging Congressto prohibit immigration for twoyears.

THE FEDERATIONBULLETIN

Labor Loses In ScandinavianAmerican Bank Failure

At Tacoma

The Scandinavian-American bankat Tacoma failed a week ago andtied up the funds of practicallyevery labor union in the city ofTacoma. Deposits ranging up toseveral thousand dollars in somecases have been completely tied upand a great deal of confusion hasbeen created as a result.

A plan is being worked out andwill be presented to a committee ofthe depositors for the reorganiza-tion of the bank in such a way as tofully protect the interests of thedepositors and provide a means forcompleting the new bank building atEleventh and Pacific avenue.

It seems evident that a great dealof questionable methods have beenemployed by eel tain interests to in-jure the bank. Ole Larson, its pres-ident, has been for many years one'of labor's best friends in the city,and despite all pressure brought tobear from anti-labor forces 4hebuilding was being completed on anentirely closed shop union basis.

Labor is finally coming to seethat not only is it not securing allthat its money can earn in financialinstitutions, but that its deposits arenot as thoroughly safeguarded ascould be made the case were laboractively participating in the direc-tion and management of these in-stitutions. This idea is finally tak-ing root throughout the general la-bor movement and banks have al-ready been successfully establishedin different sections of the coun-try, principally at Cleveland, Ohio,where the National Union of Kail-way Engineers have built andlaunched a national bank of theirown.' There is more than enoughtrades union money on deposit inthe cities of Seattle, Tacoma andSpokane to successfully operatebanks of their own. A number ofleading trades unionists of the statehave been working out plans inrecent months for the carrying intoeffect of this valuable and nownecessary plan in the interests oflabor and the* producers generally.

BRIEF NOTESSecretary Buck, of the Federation,

has been confined to his home slight-ly "under the weather" for severaldays.

Fred B. Norman, of Raymond, for-mer chairman of the labor commit-tee in the House, is still at Olympiaco-operating with President Short aslegislative agent. He made a veryt'ble talk in opposition to the codeat the public hearing held last week,Tuesday, and is rendering exceed-ingly valuable service day and nightduring the sessions in the interestsof the labor movement of our state.

Court ReversesLandis Decision

In Berger's CaseWASHINGTON, Jan. 31.?Convic-

tion of Victor L. Berger and fourOthers, members of the socialist par-

ty, for violation of the espionageact, was reversed today by the su-preme court on -the ground thatJudge Landis should not have heard.he suit after his eligibility had beenattacked.

Those convicted with Berger inthe federal court at Chicago were:Adolph Germer, national secretaryof the party; William F. Kruse, edi-tor of the Young Socialists maga-zine; J. Louis Engdahl and Irwin S.John Tucker.

Berger and the other four wereconvicted under the section prohibit-ing attempts to cause insubordina-tion and disloyalty in the naval andmilitary forces. Sentences of from10 to 20 years' imprisonment wereimposed.

The appeal was brought to thesupreme court on the ground thatJudge Landis had shown "personalbias and prejudice" against the de-fendants because of their national-ity.

The court divided 6 to 3, JusticesDay, Pitney and Mcßeynolds dis-senting.

Mr. Mcßeynolds added to the dis-senting opinion a strong approba-tion of Judge Landis' sentiments asmerely showing his detestation ofthe "Hunnish warfare which wasbeinp backed by compatriots inAmerica."

Seattle to Vote onMunicipal Ry. Tax

Councilman Oliver T. Eriekson'sbill for payment of the maintenanceanil operation cost of the Seattlemunicipal street railway by an an-nual levy of taxes will be submittedto a public vote as soon as a suffi-cient number of signatures can beobtained for it as an initiative meas-ure, according to announcement ofthe new Public Ownership League

last Monday.Following its formation last week

and its indorsement of the Ericksonplan, the league commenced the cir-culation of petitions in the hope ofhaving the bill placed before thepeople early this summer, if namescould not be secured soon enoughto I lace it on the March electionballot.

The city charter provides that ifthe number of signatures is not over20 per cent nor under 10 per centof the number of votes cast formayor in the preceding election, theordinance must be submitted at thefirst subsequent election. However,if the number of signatures exceeds20 per per cent, the council mustorder a special election within 20days.

The city's contract with Stone-Webster would be carried out underthe Erickson plan in that the line'sbonded indebtedness would be paidout of the gross earnings of thesystem. Current expenses would belefrayed from proceeds of the gen-ual taxes. This would gradually

? educe fares to 2Vi to 3 cents, Erick-son explain! in his proposition,vhich includes complete financial

estimates. When the debt is paid,he poitl out, free car rides would beavailable.

Smoke CHALLENGE 10v Cigar.

King Louis admits, according tostate senators, that his administra-tive code will not reduce taxes, butwill cheapen the expensce to peoplehaving business in Olympia with thestate offices.

PALMER GETS ACALL DOWN BY

ABLE LAWYERSWashington, Feb. 2?At least 10,-

--000, and possibly twice that number,was the estimate placed upon the''bag" of aliens and citizens illegallyarrested in Palmer's "red raids" from

December, 1919, to April, 1920, byAttorney Charles T. Clayton, testi-fying yesterday before the senatejudiciary committee,

Clayton went over the papers inhundreds of these cases, and for-merly handled immigration cases inhe department of labor. He foundhat of 6,850 warrants issued duringhis raiding period, only about 3,000

>f the persons named were ever ap-prehended.

Reports from immigration inspec-tors in some cases showed that theylad held their prisoners a day with->ut food, and some of them wereheld as long as 57 days incommuni-cado. The only case against manyprisoners was an unsigned, unswornyi ewritten memorandum of chargeswhich might be applied wholesale.

A statement laid before the com-mittee by Judson King, secretaryif the National Popular Govern-nent League, conducting the caseigainst Palmer, from Dr. Harlan F.

\u25a0>tone, dean of Columbia UniversityLaw School, upheld the committeeif 12 lawyers and law school deansvho have denounced Palmer's pract-ices as lawless and subversive of(institutional liberty for citizensmd aliens alike.

Palmer RiddledBy Judson King, Executive Secre-tary, National Popular Govern-ment League, 637 Munsey Build-ing, Washington, D. C.A hot fight has developed before

he Senate Judiciary Gommittee overhe "Report upon the Illegal Prac-ices of the Department of Justice,"nade by twelve eminent lawyersast summer and made public by theNational Popular Government League.This same twelve, among whom are")ean Pound, of the Harvard LawSchool, Dean Williams, of the St.Louis Law School, Frank P. Walsh,>f New York, Jackson H. Ralston,>f Washington, and Professorsfrankfurter and Chafee, of Havard,lave recently filed a brief with theludieiary Committee claiming that'aimer in his answer to their charges\u25a0as sidestepped a mass of evidenceufficient to convict him of overrid-ng the Constitution, introducing theiracticea of European tyranny inAmerica, and starting a bad publictolicy.

The brief claims that not onlytliens but a large number of Amer-can citizens were illegally arrested;nd persecuted by Palmer's agentsmd spies in his raids, and warns theountry that these precedents mustiot be allowed to stand.

They tell Congress in effect thatf it keeps silent it will sanctionhese illegal acts; therefore theommittee and the National Popu-ar Government League, publishingheir report, demand that Congressit once investigate Palmer, and fur-her, that they pass a law which willnake more easy the punishment ofmy attorney general, secret service'gent, spy, or officer of the gov-rnment who in the future invadeshe civil rights of citizens. Aliensvithin the country, they claim, areindeniably protected by the Consti-ution, and Palmer's contention thathey are not is an attempt to over-urn a long established principle ofVmerican constitutional law andcads directly to tyranny.

Several of these lawyers appearedbefore the Senate Judiciary Commit-ee last Tuesday and refute Palmer's

;nterpretation of law as against de-dsions of the U. S. Supreme Court.

Unemployed ReliefReport

Bro. F. E. Craig makes the fol-owing report of the moneys and>rovisions received and distributedijy him for aid to the unemployedip to Wednesday noon, February 2:

Cash, $177.10; disbursed, $171.80,'caving a balance of $5.30. \u25a0

Received from farmers, 128 sacks>f potatoes and other vegetables;listributed, 116 sacks; 12 sacks on'land.

Relief was given to 37 families.Mr. Deering's dances have netted

n six weeks and turned over to Bro.Craig the sum of $114.30.

Dies At Age of 104;Saw Lincoln Killed

VANCOUVER, Wash., Feb. 1. ?

Funeral services for Mrs. MargaretMcLaughlin, who died Friday at herhome on Fifth Plain at the age of104, were held yesterday from St.lames church, Rev. Father Sweensofficiating. Interment was in theCatholic cemetery beside the body ofher husband, the late Michael Mc-Laughlin.

Mrs. McLaughlin had lived ather home on Fifth Plain for thepast 40 years, coming west imme-diately after the Civil war from theAtlantic Coast. For many years shewas celebrated locally as beingimong the "few now living who were

in the audience at the theatre theevening President Lincoln was as-sassinated. She was an eye-witness>f this affair.

She is survived by one son, MikeMcLaughlin, who lives at FifthPlain.

KING COUNTYFARMER-LABOR

HEADQUARTERSThe King County Farmer-Labor

Party headquarters have been movedfrom the Triangle Building and theLabor Temple to rooms on the thirdfloor of the Union Record Building,1915 First Avenue, Seattle.

THE CENTRALLABOR COUNCIL

Wednesday, Feb. 2, 1921.Vice-President rortson called the

meeting to order at 8 p. ni.Credentials were presented by C.

E. Goldthorpe of the TheatricalStage Employes and .Moving PictureOperators; Frank BriggS and FredStone of the Railway Car Men. Thecredentials were accepted and thedelegates seated.

On request of the Building TradesCouncil and Plumbers' Union, Mr.Plamback was placed on the unfairlist.

A motion was adopted instructingthe secretary to write to the Sno-homish county representatives andsenators demanding that they voteagainst the bill providing for con-solidation of the industrial depart-ments framed on the recommenda-tions of the industrial code commis-sion.

A plan for safety campaign in Se-attle was received from the Seattlelentral Labor Council. Among otherhings the plan provides for thediminution of carelessness. Referredo a committee comprising Dele-ates Riggins, Wefferling and

Locke.Committee Reports.

The Workers' College reported an?.ttendance of about 150 last. Thurs-day night. On next Thursday nighthe subject taken up will be "Mod-rn Day Economics."

The committee appointed on ar-angements for the St. John Tuckerscture reported that all was in read-

aess.Bro. P. E. Craig reported that he

ad received $177.10 in cash andlad disbursed $171.80, leaving aalance of $5.30, for the relief of thenemployed. He received from farm-is 128 sacks of potatoes and otheregetables and had distributed 116icks, leaving 12 sacks on hand,here was received from Mr. Deer-lg's dances $114.30 in six weeks,'he secretary was instructed torite a letter to Mr. Deering ex-ressing the Council's appreciationf his generosity.

The Irish committee reported prog-88S and was continued.The committee on the Farrell meat

tarket was given further time.Reports by Unions.

The Butchers reported a goodaeeting and that they would hold

special to assess their members1 per capita for the benefit of their

>wn unemployed.The Structural Iron Workers re-

orted that there is no work in theirne at present.The Printers had a large attend-

nce at which was considered theob scale.

The Teamsters had a good meet-ig and donated $3.45 cents for pay-ment of labor jury.The Railway Car Men had a good

teeting. They listened to a report\u25a0y Bro. Percy Tyler who had re-urned from St. Paul where he at-ended the meeting of the gievanceommittee of the Great Northernystem. The Great Northern "bunch"s the only one which has stood pat>n wages and working conditions.Chis report brought forth a discus-ion which gave the Council someseful information.The Building Laborers reported

laving a little trouble with one ofheir members who was chargedvith scabbing on the job. His fail-re to attend a meeting held to con-ider his case resulted in the unionssessing a fine of $25 against him.The Auto Drivers reported a good

neeting and that their membersvere still driving.

A motion was passed instructinghe legislative committee to draftesolutions covering the subject ofugh rents.

A current report that the Laun-lry Workers were forced againstheir will to accept lower wages waslenied. They agreed to accept 50ler cent of the net earnings of the?ompany until the latter had got-en over past embarrassing troubles.

The Council adjourned.

SEATTLE PORTWINNER OVER

0.-W.-R. & N. Ry.

Supreme Court Upholds ActLegislature in Conferring

Title.

WASHINGTON, Jan. 31. ? Theport of Seattle won its fight in the.supreme court today for title tovaluable waterway rights in Se-attle harbor.

Lower court decrees upholding theclaims of railroads having terminalson the harbor to riparian rightsthrough ownership of land adjacentto the improved harbor, were re-versed, higher court holding that nosuch rights existed under Washing-ton state laws.

The area in dispute was describedis being "within the boundaries ofthe east waterway in the harbor ofSeattle and lying between the westboundary and the United Statesgovernment pier headline in the wa-terway."

SEATTLE, Jan. 31.?The decisionof the United States supreme court,announced today, tn the Seattle wa-terway case, sustains the act of the1913 state legislature in grantingtitle to the Seattle port commissionto waterway areas between theproperty line of upland owners andthe pier head line on the east andwest waterways in Seattle harbor.

The Oregon-Washington Railroad\u25a0ft Navigation company refused toadmit the port commission's titleto the land, and refused to payrental on waterway area, it was us-ing abutting on its upland holdingson the east waterway. Three yearsago the case went to the UnitedStates district' court here, the lowercourt deciding against the conten-tion of the commission. The appealto the supreme court was arguedDecember 6, 1920.

EVERETT, WASHINGTON. FRIDAY, FEBRUARY, 4, L921

DEVISING WAYSAND MEANS FOR

IRISH RELIEFAppalled and grieved at the con-

ditions existing in Ireland the liber-ty-loving people of America haveformed an organization to raisefunds for the relief of the suffer-ings of the Irish people, particularlyuf women and children,

The organisation had its inceptionin New York City and is nows] reading to all the states and citiesof the union. The organization isitl'ictly non-sectarian, non-politicalmd non-racial and is formed for re-lief of the sufferings of a peoplewho are victims of a state of "un-civilized" war.

The Irish, like ourselves in Amer-ica, believe in self-government andlave been endeavoring to impressipon the British government the

righteousness of the principle ofself-determination.

For this they have lost many livesmd are driven out to exist as dohe beasts of the field ? withoutshelter or clothing sufficient to pro-ject them from the rigors of winter.

Very many of the people of Ire-land are as much in need of help asvere and are the Belgians and Serbs.The relief clubs ask only that thelame consideration be given to thesufferers in Ireland as is given by>ur countrymen to the sufferers ofithor nations.

The relief has been organized na-ionally and is being extended to

states and countries. Mr. Piggott.if Seattle, has been made the beadif the relief clubs in Washington,md Mr. John B. Fogarty has beenippointed to a like position in this\u25a0ounty.

Last Tuesday evening the Snoho-nish County Club held its initialneeting and appointed the follow-ng committee to devise ways andneana of raising funds for the pur->ose stated:

.1. 15. Fogarty, chairman; P. ,1.

tforrissey, P. J. Moran, P. J. John-ton, J. P. Foley, J. A. Hartney of3tanwood and J. B. McCann.

Chairmen will be appointed for allhe towns in the county.

Due notice will be given of thetext meeting of the club, at whichmeeting the plan of campaign agreedipon will be announced and pub-ished.

HOW DUSTY ISYOUR PLANT?

All industrial plants are dusty.3ut how dusty is the air in any par-icular plant? Knowledge as to thelegree and composition of such dusts important, for certain amountsmd sorts of air dust seriously af-fect the lungs and predispose thosevho breathe them to tuberculosismd other diseases.

Dr. O. M. Spencer, of the Unitedstates Public Health Service, dis-misses the matter in a recent report>f the service. He shows thatleither the fact that the exhaustlipes, etc., required by law appearo be properly functioning nor thelse of wet instead of dry processesn grinding, polishing, and the likenake it at all certain that the dusti-tess in a given plant is what itshould theoretically he. He findshat many exhaust pipes do not in

fact exhaust as they are supposedo do; and that under certain con-litions some wet processes createnuch more dust than dry ones. Onlyictual "dust counts" at the plantf the work show the real dustinessif the air that the workman must'ireathe; and such counts should bemade periodically to check the the-uetical conditions.

To determine how unhoalthful thelustiness of any particular plantprocess may be, the composition ofits dust should be ascertained andits effects interpreted by standard"ables, which Dr. Spencer urgesshould be worked out for the variousindustries. Different industrial proc-esses produce dusts which differrreatly in injurious properties.Health Hazards in Lumbering Regions

Health problems in lumbering re-dons are being investigated by theUnited States Public Health Serviceis part of a general study into oc-cupational diseases and industrialhygiene undertaken in Florida atthe request of the state board ofhealth. The work has not yet gonefar enough to permit important de-ductions to be drawn; but it seemsto show that the problems are notessentially different from those ob-taining in other lumbering districtsif the south and, indeed, in otherDarts of the country, except in thatthey show a high incidence of ma-'aria and hookworm diseases. The?esults should be generally interest-ing.

Dr. J. A. Turner, of the publichealth service, who was sent toFlorida with instructions to ascer-tain the special needs of the work-\u25a0rs and to make recommendations to

the state board of health as to thebest ways of meeting them, has firstaken up the lumbering industre and

has, found that this involves twosorts of problems, the first pertain-ing to the actual working conditions,and the second to the reactions of'h»» more or less transitory lumber-ing population and of the permanentresidents on each other.

Study of working conditions in-volves investigation of processes ofnroduction, medical anil surgicalcare, sanitation of camps, and foodsupply; and study of reactions in-cludes investigations into the eco-nomic conditions of the residents,prevalence of transmissible diseases,mtlaria. and venereal infection andpossibilities of soil pollution.

The object of the work is, ofcourse, to reduce sickness, accidents,absenteeism, and labor turnover; andthereby to obtain increased efficiencyand greater economic prosperity forboth workers and employers.

Washington, .lan. 29.?"The so-called 'open' shop is supported bythe bench, the bar, politicians andpractically all of the daily news-papers, but it Is significant that thegreatest moral force in the countrystands with labor on this question,writes Frank Morrison, secretary ofthe A. F. of L., to a Philadelphianewspaper.

"The theory of big business is re-jected by the church," says the tradeunionist. "The representatives of thechurch, regardless of creed, de-nounce the so-called 'open' shop anddeclare it is an attempt to 'rushorganized labor. The commissionon church and social service of theCouncil of churches of Christ in Am-erica, re] resenting ,'il Protestant de-nominations with a membership of18,620,186 in 142,000 churches, hastaken this position, and the NationalCatholic Welfare Council, composedof representative bishops of thatchurch, declare that the 'open' shopis a mask for non-unionism and isnot only a menace to wage-earners,

but threatens the whole structure ofindustrial peace.

"These church men have probedthe 'open' shop. They have treated.his subject from the standpoint olprinciple rather than terms. Theyfind that the 'open' shop is non-

"KING LOUIS"CODE WINS OUT

The Civil Administrative Code| assed the Senate Monday afternoon.riving to Governor Louis F. Hartmore autocratic powei than wasever held by any chief executive ofhis or any other state in the Amer-

ican union. Frank Walklin, specialcorrespondent of the Union Record,tells the story with its steam rollerembelishments:

Olympia, Jan. 31.?Governor Hart'sCivil Administrative Code late todaypassed the Senate with but threedissenting votes, O'Harra, Ryan andLandon answering "nay" on roll call.

The only admendments placed inhe code related to the state educa-

tional institutions. These are ex-smpted from coming under the "se-?rct police" of Governor Hart, andwill not be subject to investigationfor the purpose of fixing salaries or\u25a0lassifying jobs.

Also an amendment took awayfrom the department of businesscontrol power of drawing plans for

buildings and mapping out buildingprograms for state educational in-stitutions.

These amendments wentthrough w-ithout a dissentingvote, and from that moment thesteam roller came into play.W. Lon Johnson of Spokane coun-

ty, moved that not more than onenember of the fisheries board should

!>e engaged in the fishing industryor any of its allied industries.

Johnson said that at this timehere were more than 3.000,000 casesif salmon in Seattle in storage andhat in case the three members ofhe boatd were cannery men they

night use their jobs to manipulatehe market, but added that any pro-test he might make at this timewas useless.

His amendment was defeated.Rockwell of King moved an amend-

rent to make the two supervisorsinder the director of public worksippointeea of the governor insteadif appointees of the director. Hestated that this would make the de-partment absolutely under the gov-srnor. Morthland of Lincoln tookhe stand saying that under thepresent plan the two supervisorswere merely men to whom the gov-ernment might pass the buck in case>f controversy. The amendment waslost.

Sinclair of Pacific county of-fered an amendment to the fish-eries section whereby it wouldbe obligatory on the fishingboard to give <>0 days' notice be-fore rules governing the sea-sons should go into effect.Under the present section. Sin-

lair said, the fishermen would getheir tackle and equipment readytnd then find the fishing board had?losed their business. Sinclair show->d his idea was to protect the bank-ers, for he added that men in loan-ng money on this industry would

face possible heavy loss, and that aSanker who failed either went tohades or to jail, and he didn't pro-nose to do either through his bankbecoming so involved.

The amendment was lost, 30 to 10.Sinclair then moved the previous

If.estion, which meant the billshould go before the Senate on itsmerits. A roll call was demanded,tnd the vote was 21 to 18 againsttrdering the "previous question."

Morthland then sought to getin an amendment which wouldrefuse permission to the admin-istrative board to authorize defi-cits. This too was lost.Johnson then moved to strike the

last section, covering the emer-gency clause.

Groff of Spokane then moved thathe Johnson amendment be laid upon

?he table, "hut that it do not takethe bill with it.'

This shut off all debate on the\u25a0mei-gency clause. Johnson's aniend-nent was tabled, 27 to 13.

Senator Ryan, Tacoma, of-fered an amendment to strikesection 74, relating to the de-partment of industry, and tosubstitute a section giving laborjoint control.Metcalf then read letters purport-

ing to be from Samuel tionipers, W.B. Wilson, secretary of Labor; Her-bert Hoover and others, in which thelabor section was given sanction.

O'Haia then read a telegram from'he Brotherhood of Locomotive En-rineers and Firemen, protestingigninst the code.Lon Johnson arose and said he was

for the hill, but still believed itshould be amended. He stated thebill would 00 through and he heldSmoke OLYMPIC 10c Cigar.

Number 41.

CHURCH ALONE STANDS WITH LABORAGAINST THE BENCH, BAR AND PRESS

union, both in practice and intent."The keystone of trade Unionism

is collective bargaining through rep-resentatives of the workers' (boos,

ing. The 'open' shopper demandsthat each individual worker treatwith employers.

" I'o state this case would seemsufficient to prove the ineffective-ness of individual bargaining in anage of gigantic corporations whoseowners never see the plant, do noteven know where it is located, andare only interested in dividends.

"Stripped of its pretense) the'open' shop is anti-union because itdenies workers the very thing thatforces them to unite. The fact thattrade unionism exists is proof thatindividual bargaining has failed.Workers join trade unions becauseeconomic necessity fortes them tounite. When they fail as individualsto secure justice, they unite withtheir fellows. Our opponents refuseto recognise this fact.

"The 'open' shop agitation willrun its course. Organized Workersare too well acquainted with his-lory, with anti-conspiracy laws andother attempts to stop organization,to be discouraged at this late-dayantagonism that is based on suchself-evident deceit."

lup in the House.i Johnson insisted a substitute billI was being written to take its place.

The motion was lost, but not un-til after O'Hara had declared theletters quoted by Metcalf were notaccurately quoted and that they weresecured by snap judgment.

"I want to show where thiscode is against the constitutionof the state," said O'Hara. "Ihave looked for opinions fromthe lawyers here. They alwayshave been anxious to enlightenus on constitutional pointsheretofore, but now I see thislegal fraternity is silent."When I heard there was going

!o be an administrative code. I wasfor it, but that thing (pointing toMcArdle's chart of the code), is thebest political machine ever draftedand shown to any legislature in theUnited States. It is a golden char-lot, but I don't know where it isgoing or who is going to ride in it.

"You are putting a crown on thehead of the state government. Aman whose every whim would befelt by us all. The iramers of ourconstitution planned it so this wouldnever be a monarchy. You areiloing things that men have beenthrown into jail for suggesting. Youare grooming a candidate for kingof the United States.

"This code is absolutely uncon-stitutional," continued O'Hara, ashe read quotations from variouscourts to substantiate his claim.

TAX-DODGINGMILLIONAIRES

The year lit18 was the banneryear in the United States for theproduction of millionaires. That wasthe year of big war contracts, ofthe Hog Island deal, of the saleand lease of camp sites, of thecreation of new towns through warindustries, and of similar transac-tions. Yet, in spite of this fact,income tax returns for 1018 show-that there were 5,248 fewer personspaying on a millionaire's incomethan in the previous year. How-did this happen? The New YorkTimes explains as follows in its is-sue of November 21:

"Millionaires know how to paytheir taxes in strict accordance to

the law, and in such manner thatthey do not pay too much in pun-ishment for their wealth accordingto lawful standards. By puttingtheir money in exempt securitiesprovided for the purpose they keeptheir income intact, but also diverttheir wealth from more remuner-ative investments."

In other words, the income taxlaw bears lightly on millionaires,although supposed to bear heavilyupon them. There is nothing sur-prising about this. All efforts tolevy taxes according to ability topay must turn out that way. Onewould think that for that reasonalone legislators and people shouldlong ago have decided to followsome other rule. More millionaireswould be reached by abandoning theincome tax and similar taxes and

!levying all taxation on land values.That would reach the unearned in-come at its source. The millionairemight invest in stocks, bonds orother securities, but these have novalue except what is given them by

jthe property which they represent.!In most cases this property is land.1 and by taxing the value of this land,the securities based upon it will betaxed. Such a tax cannot be evad-ed or shifted. That this is knownto millionaire taxdodgers is clearenough from the opposition of thepapers they control to single taxmeasures wherever proposed. Whenit comes to a choice between the in-come tax and a land value tax therecipient of unearned incomes whowants his privilege to continue issure to prefer the former. He knowswhich one he can evade.

Everett TradesBuilding Ass'n.

Notice of Stockholders Mooting.

A called meeting of the Stockhold-ers of the Everett Trades BuildingAssociation will be held Saturday,February 12. 1921, at 7 P. M. in theLabor Temple.

Business of importance to comeup.

WM DAVIS,Secretary-Treasurer.

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