el lenguaje y las normas jurídicas

7/21/2019 El Lenguaje y Las Normas Jurídicas

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EL LENGUAJE DE LAS NORMAS, LAS NORMAS DEL LENGUAJE: SOBRE LA CORRECCIÓNDEL LENGUAJE NORMATIVO

Por Francisco Javir D!a" Rvorio

Ca#$r%#ico $ Drc&o Cons#i#'ciona(

Cons)ro $( Cons)o Cons'(#ivo $ Cas#i((a*La Manc&a

+ P(an#a-in#o. So/r (as r(acions n#r $rc&o 0 (n1'a)2 La sin#a3is $( (n1'a) nor-a#ivo4 La -or5o(o1!a $( (n1'a) nor-a#ivo E( 16nro 0 ( 7(n1'a) no s3is#a89 La or#o1ra5!a $ (as nor-as Escia( consi$raci;n $( 'so $ (as -a0<sc'(as

= E( (63ico )'r!$ico> La s-%n#ica $( (n1'a) nor-a#ivo E( ro/(-a $ (a a-/i1?$a$@ E( 7s#i(o8 $( (n1'a) )'r!$ico 'i6n $a (as a'#as $( (n1'a) corrc#o+ E( con#ro( $( (n1'a) nor-a#ivo++ R5(3ions 5ina(s

+ PLANTEAMIENTO

Es# #ra/a)o #in 'n #ri( o/)#ivo En ri-r ('1ar, -os#rar a(1'nas $ (as rincia(s

incorrccions 0 ro/(-as ' s'( (an#ar ( (n1'a) $ (as nor-as, c(asi5ic%n$o(os n 5'nci;n $

(as $ivrsas ra-as $ (a (in1?!s#ica En s1'n$o ('1ar, 0 a( &i(o $ (o an#rior, va(orar c'%(s &an $ sr,

n ca$a caso, (as a'#as $ corrcci;n, 0 n ar#ic'(ar (an#ar (a c's#i;n $ a 'i6n corrson$

s#a/(cr(as (o ' si1ni5ica n (a -a0or!a $ (os casos (an#ars si sa s (a/or $ (a Ra( Aca$-ia

EsaHo(a 0 (as $-%s ins#i#'cions ncar1a$as $ v(ar or (a corrcci;n $( (n1'a), o $ (os roios

a'#ors $ (as nor-as Por <(#i-o, $$icar6 'n aar#a$o a (an#ar (a c's#i;n $( con#ro( $ (a

corrcci;n $( (n1'a) nor-a#ivo, #an#o n s' 5as $ (a/oraci;n $ (as nor-as co-o, n (a -$i$a n

' sa osi/(, a posteriori, (an#an$o inc('so a(1'na ro's#a ara -)orar (a ca(i$a$ (in1?!s#ica $(as nor-as

An#s $ (an#ar- n #6r-inos 1nra(s (a c's#i;n $ (as r(acions n#r $rc&o 0 (n1'a),

co-n"ar6 con 'na ri-ra rcisi;n #r-ino(;1ica En sn#i$o s#ric#o, n#n$r6 (n1'a) nor-a#ivo



co-o ( (n1'a) $ (as nor-as )'r!$icas, c'a('ira ' sa s' 5or-a 0 ran1o, 0 s sr% ( o/)#o

cn#ra( $ (as r;3i-as %1inas E((o con in$n$ncia $ ', mutatis mutandis, cir#as

consi$racions '$an sr a(ica/(s #a-/i6n a( (n1'a) $ o#ras $isosicions o5icia(s no

s#ric#a-n# nor-a#ivas or )-(o, $isosicions a$-inis#ra#ivas, ac#os con (as-aci;n scri#a,

$ic#%-ns $ ;r1anos cons'(#ivos, as! co-o $ o#ros #3#os )'r!$icos co-o (os )'$icia(s sn#ncias,a'#os 0 rovi$ncias, inc('so a( (n1'a) $ (a $oc#rina cin#!5ica ' s#'$ia ( $rc&o

Proia-n#, ara n1(o/ar ( (n1'a) roio $ #o$o s# con)'n#o $ scri#os s -'c&o -%s

a$c'a$o &a/(ar $ (n1'a) )'r!$ico, c'0o o/)#o s, or #an#o, -%s a-(io ' ( $( (n1'a)

nor-a#ivo, a( ' n cir#o -o$o n1(o/a si /in a-/os %-/i#os #inn, co-o aca/o $ a'n#ar,

(-n#os n co-<n, #a-/i6n '$n #nr $i5rncias or (a -a0or sci5ici$a$ $( (n1'a)

nor-a#ivo Co-o vr-os, n ocasions (a Ra( Aca$-ia rconoc scia(i$a$s roias $(

(n1'a) $ (as nor-as, ' n cir#os casos '$n 3#n$rs a o#ras $isosicions o5icia(s, ro no

ncsaria-n# a #o$os (os #3#os ' '#i(i"an (n1'a) )'r!$ico or )-(o, no a (a $oc#rina

. SOBRE LAS RELACIONES ENTRE DERECKO LENGUAJE

La r(aci;n n#r ( $rc&o 0 ( (n1'a) s o/via 0 -'0 in#nsa T;rica-n# ca/r!a nsar n (a

osi/i(i$a$ $ 'na soci$a$ -!ni-a-n# or1ani"a$a ' s (a /as -!ni-a ara (a 3is#ncia $

r1(as, sin (a 3is#ncia $( (n1'a), inc('so o$r!a nsars ' &as#a (os ani-a(s ' vivn n-ana$as #inn cir#as r1(as ' (os (!$rs i-onn, ro s $i5!ci( nsar ' sas r1(as, ' n

ra(i$a$ $ic#a ( ins#in#o, san )'r!$icas En ra(i$a$, s# #io $ r1(as, san o no scri#as, arcn

r'rir $ (a 3is#ncia $( (n1'a), $ #a( -anra ' ca/ nsar ' (n1'a) &'-ano 0 $rc&o

son sin $'$a a(1'nos $ (os (-n#os -%s sncia(-n# 'ni$os a (a con$ici;n in#(i1ncia &'-anas,



0 $/iron nacr -%s o -nos a (a v" +, o a( -nos 'na $ (as ri-ras 5'ncions $( (n1'a) $/i;

sr 3rsar 0 #rans-i#ir r1(as )'r!$icas, 0a ' ro/a/(-n# 'no $ (os ri-ros (-n#os $ #o$o

(n1'a) son (a a5ir-aci;n 0 (a n1aci;n, ( 7s!8 0 ( 7no8 En c'a('ir caso, &o0 no o$-os conc/ir

( $rc&o sin ( (n1'a), inc('so ( $rc&o cons'#'$inario r'ir $( (n1'a), a'n' no sa

scri#o, ara s' conoci-in#o 0 #rans-isi;n Por so '$ a5ir-ars con Laor#a

.

' &a0 'na riori$a$ on#o(;1ica ( (n1'a) s cons#i#'#ivo $( $rc&o, is#6-ica no s osi/( (

conoci-in#o $( $rc&o sin ( conoci-in#o $( (n1'a) 0 r%c#ica sin ( (n1'a), ( $rc&o no

'$ c'-(ir s' 5ina(i$a$

E( (n1'a) s (a 7-a#ria ri-a8 $( $rc&o Es#a i$a s i-or#an#, or' si1ni5ica ' (

(n1'a) nor-a#ivo o, -%s a-(ia-n#, #o$o ( (n1'a) )'r!$ico, s, an# #o$o, (n1'a), a( ' son

a(ica/(s #o$as s's r1(as ara s' rsrvaci;n 0 corrcci;n En (n1'a) )'r!$ico s 'n #io $

(n1'a), si s 'ir a(#a-n# scia(i"a$o, ro no a(1o $is#in#o a( (n1'a) No $/ consi$rars

n nin1<n caso 'na )r1a2

Con #o$o, s o/vio ' ( (n1'a) nor-a#ivo #in a(1'nas c'a(i$a$s sc!5icas si1ni5ica#ivas:

1 Francisco J LAPORTA SAN MIGUEL, 7E( (n1'a) 0 (a (08, n Revista Española de la Función Consultiva,

n =, )'(io*$ici-/r $ .=, %1s >*@, consi$ra n ca-/io ' n ( sn#i$o #-ora( o &is#;rico (

(n1'a) s an#rior a( $rc&o En %1 @ ra(i"a s#as in#rsan#s r5(3ions: 7An#ro;(o1os, n'r;(o1os 0(in1?is#as $isc'#n -'c&o $ #o$o s#o, ro &a0 'n ac'r$o s's#ancia( n ' ( (n1'a) &'-ano co-o a(1o$i5rn# $( rr#orio $ 1r'Hi$os 0 )a$os $ (os 1ran$s si-ios aarc so/r (a /as $ $os carac#rsso-%#icos scia(s ro$'c#o $ (a vo('ci;n: ( #a-aHo $( cr/ro, ' &ac -$io -i((;n $ aHos, n (homo erectus, ra 0a $ 'na -$ia $ ++ cn#!-#ros c</icos crca $( #a-aHo ac#'a( 0 -%s $( $o/( '(os an#i1'os a's#ra(oi#cos 0 (a '/icaci;n $ (a (arin1 n (a ar# in5rior $ (a 1ar1an#a, $ 5or-a ' $)'na a-(ia c%-ara $ rsonancia (a 5arin1 so/r (as c'r$as voca(s, (o ' r-i# 'na 1a-a -'c&o -%sa-(ia $ soni$os ' '$n sr co-'#a$os 0 co-/ina$os or s cr/ro 3an$i$o8 aHa$ ' 7c'an$o$i1o ' ( (n1'a) s an#rior n ( #i-o a( $rc&o, (o ' 'iro $cir s ' c'an$o 'no $ s#os-i-/ros $ (a sci homo erectus #'vo (a oc'rrncia $ a'#ar a(1'nas in#raccions &'-anas ara ( 5'#'ro ' so s n ( 5on$o ( $rc&o , c'an$o #'vo sa oc'rrncia, ( (n1'a) 0a s#a/a a((! Insis#o, ( (n1'a)

&a/(a$o D( (n1'a) scri#o #n-os s;(o r1is#ros ar'o(;1icos rcin#s8 Si s#a riori$a$ 5' #a( o -%s /in si-'(#ani$a$, s a(1o so/r (o ' ro/a/(-n# so(o s '$ sc'(ar, 0 ' n #o$o caso $n$r%$ c'%( s ( 1ra$o $ vo('ci;n ' r'ri-os ara ' (as r1(as ' co-o & $ic&o '$n inc('so 3is#ir ns#a$o ri-i#ivo n -an$as $ ani-a(s '$an consi$rars roia-n# $rc&o, 0 #a-/i6n ara ' 5or-as-'0 si-(s $ co-'nicaci;n asn a consi$rars (n1'a) Lo i-or#an# s $s#acar ' s #ra#a $ $os ro$'c#os $ (a in#(i1ncia &'-ana ncsarios ara (a vi$a n soci$a$

2 Francisco J LAPORTA SAN MIGUEL, 7E( (n1'a)8, ci#, %1s @*++



a Es, n #6r-inos 1nra(s, 'n (n1'a) rscri#ivo, $s#ina$o a s#a/(cr -an$a#os 0

ro&i/icions 0 no a $scri/ir 'na ra(i$a$ r3is#n# / Es 'n (n1'a) 5ina(is#a O, si r5ir, s scia(-n# 5ina(is#a, 0a ' si /in #o$o

(n1'a) #in 'na 5ina(i$a$ (a co-'nicaci;n n#r rsonas, n s# caso 3is# 'na

5ina(i$a$ sc!5ica, ' s r1'(ar (a vi$a n soci$a$ o5rcin$o so('cions rvias a

(os osi/(s con5(ic#os s a&! $on$ nc'n#ran s' sn#i$o (os -an$a#os 0

ro&i/icionsc Es 'n (n1'a) sis#-%#ico, 0a ' ca$a n'ncia$o r#nc a 'n sis#-a, 0 no s

osi/( n#n$r nin1'no $ (os n'ncia$os sin ( sis#-a a( ' r#ncn$ Co-o #o$o (n1'a) scia(i"a$o, '#i(i"a n ocasions 'na #r-ino(o1!a sc!5ica,

ro #a-/i6n rc'rr con 5rc'ncia a (a #r-ino(o1!a roia $ o#ras cincias co-o (a

cono-!a, (a cincia o(!#ica, (a 5i(oso5!a, o -'0 $ivrsas $isci(inas cin#!5icas, 0 $s$

('1o a (a #r-ino(o1!a co-<n ' $/ sr s' /as

Es ro/a/(-n#, n#r (os (n1'a)s #6cnicos, ( ' #in 'n -a0or n<-ro $$s#ina#arios, 0a ' (as nor-as van $iri1i$as a #o$os (os ci'$a$anos, ' #inn ( $/r

$ c'-(ir(as ', n cir#a -$i$a, rs'on ( $ conocr(as, o a( -nos (a

osi/i(i$a$ $ conocr(as Es#a s 'i"% 'na $ (as ara$o)as $( (n1'a) nor-a#ivo: s

'n (n1'a) (a/ora$o or #6cnicos, ro ' or s' na#'ra("a $/ $iri1irs a #o$os, 0

or #an#o #a-/i6n a ro5anos 4

3 S1<n ( Diccionario de la lengua española, Ra( Aca$-ia EsaHo(a, vi16si-o#rcra $ici;n, .+4, 7)r1a8 s $5inco-o 71. 5 Ln1'a) scia( 0 no 5or-a( ' 'san n#r s! (os in$ivi$'os $ cir#as ro5sions 0 o5icios 2. 5 Ln1'a)

scia( '#i(i"a$o ori1ina(-n# con ro;si#os cr!#icos or $#r-ina$os 1r'os, ' a vcs s 3#in$ a( 'so 1nra( ), (a jerga $ (os -a(an#s8

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To$as s#as carac#r!s#icas, 0 scia(-n# (a a'n#a$a n <(#i-o ('1ar, con5i1'ran 'n (n1'a) '

$/ s#ar rsi$i$o or $os cri#rios sncia(s: (a co-rnsi/i(i$a$ 0 (a cr#"a E( ri-ro, '

$s$ ('1o $/ sr 'n cri#rio a(ica/( a #o$o #io $ (n1'a), s scia(-n# i-or#an# n (

%-/i#o )'r!$ico co-o consc'ncia $ (a 'nivrsa(i$a$ $ s's $s#ina#arios E( s1'n$o s 'na

consc'ncia $( car%c#r #6cnico $ s# (n1'a), 0 a-/os $rivan $ a(1'na -anra $ 'n rinciio

)'r!$ico $ ri-r ran1o, co-o s (a s1'ri$a$ )'r!$ica

Es#os cri#rios, ' $/ #nr -'0 rsn# 'in r$ac# (as nor-as, i-onn 'n s#i(o

$#r-ina$o, rsi$i$o or (a i$a $ (a snci((" Ca/r!a $cir ' ( (n1'a) nor-a#ivo $/ r1irs

or (a -%3i-a snci((" osi/( ' sa co-a#i/( con ( -%3i-o ri1or #6cnico ' 3i)a (a -a#ria

Es#a roc'aci;n or (a c(ari$a$ 0 (a snci((" s#% rsn# n (os $oc'-n#os -%s r(van#s

so/r (a c's#i;n aro/a$os n EsaHa, 5'n$a-n#a(-n# a ar#ir $( inicio $( rsn# si1(o, 0 '

ir-os consi$ran$o a (o (ar1o $ #o$o s# #ra/a)o Dic&os $oc'-n#os son:

a Las Dirc#rics $ #6cnica nor-a#iva $ .9 9, a(ica/(s sc!5ica-n# a (a r$acci;n $

nor-as $riva$as $( o$r )c'#ivo / E( Informe de la Comisión de Modernización del Lenguae !ur"dico =, rsn#a$o n

s#i-/r $ .++ 0 a(ica/( con car%c#r 1nra( a( (n1'a) '#i(i"a$o or (os

ro5siona(s $( $rc&o, a'n' cn#ra$o n ( %-/i#o $ (a A$-inis#raci;n $ J's#icia

c La Car#a $ (os $rc&os $ (os ci'$a$anos an# (a J's#icia, aro/a$a co-o roosici;n $(0 or ( Con1rso $ (os Di'#a$os ( += $ a/ri( $ .., cn#ra$a co-o s' #!#'(o s'1ir

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n ( Bo(#!n O5icia( $( Es#a$oQ8

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7 P'$ cons'(#ars n&##s:a$-inis#racion$)'s#icia1o/sa)'/(icoci'$a$anoconoc(a)'s#icia$rc&os$/rs$rc&osci'$a$anoX

'#c44SB@Y@3LLMMSS"P0@3B"CPos21"T+$T"=B1E3N)As"A@v1B)cNnA4#AA.C/E$FAABMX

8 La ci#a$a Car#a $ (os $rc&os $( ci'$a$ano an# (a J's#icia con#in 'n aar#a$o #i#'(a$o 7Una )'s#icia co-rnsi/(8,' roc(a-a: 79* E( ci'$a$ano #in $rc&o a ' (as no#i5icacions, ci#acions, -(a"a-in#os 0 r'ri-in#oscon#n1an #6r-inos snci((os 0 co-rnsi/(s, vi#%n$os ( 'so $ (-n#os in#i-i$a#orios inncsarios=* E( ci'$a$ano#in $rc&o a ' n (as vis#as 0 co-arcncias s '#i(ic 'n (n1'a) ', rs#an$o (as 3i1ncias #6cnicas ncsarias,rs'(# co-rnsi/( ara (os ci'$a$anos ' no san scia(is#as n $rc&oZ Los J'cs 0 Ma1is#ra$os ' $iri)an (os ac#os rocsa(s v(ar%n or (a sa(va1'ar$ia $ s# $rc&o>* E( ci'$a$ano #in $rc&o a ' (as sn#ncias 0 $-%s rso('cions )'$icia(s s r$ac#n $ #a( 5or-a ' sanco-rnsi/(s or s's $s#ina#arios, -(an$o 'na sin#a3is 0 s#r'c#'ra snci((as, sin r)'icio $ s' ri1or #6cnicoZ S $/r% 5aci(i#ar scia(-n# ( )rcicio $ s#os $rc&os n a'((os roc$i-in#os n (os ' no sa o/(i1a#oria (ain#rvnci;n8Por s' ar#, ( Informe de la Comisión de modernización del lenguae ur"dico co-in"a rcisa-n# con 'n #!#'(o$no-ina$o 7E( $rc&o a co-rn$r8, 0 con ( o/)#ivo $ -)orar (a c(ari$a$ $( (n1'a) )'r!$ico incororarco-n$acions a (os ro5siona(s, a (as ins#i#'cions, 0 'na rco-n$aci;n asocia$a a (os -$ios $ co-'nicaci;nPor <(#i-o, ( P(an $ Transarncia J'$icia( Rso('ci;n $ .@ $ oc#'/r $ .9, $ (a Scr#ar!a $ Es#a$o $ J's#icia,

or (a ' s $ison (a '/(icaci;n $( Ac'r$o $ Cons)o $ Minis#ros $ .+ $ oc#'/r $ .9, BOE $ + $novi-/r $ .9 $$ica 'n aar#a$o a (a -o$rni"aci;n $( (n1'a) )'r!$ico, rca(can$o ( o/)#ivo $ 7o/#nr 'naJ's#icia co-rnsi/(, #an#o n (as co-'nicacions scri#as co-o n (as vis#as o co-arcncias 0 n (as roiasrso('cions )'$icia(s, #o$o ((o sin r)'icio $ (as 3i1ncias ' $rivn $ (a corrc#a #6cnica )'r!$ica8

https://www.administraciondejusticia.gob.es/paj/publico/ciudadano/conoce_la_justicia/derechos_deberes/derechos_ciudadano/!ut/p/c4/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3gzT1dTz6BgExNjA0szA08vgwBjc0NnA4tAA_2CbEdFAAeBM00!/










En (as si1'in#s %1inas, $sarro((ar6 s#os cri#rios 1nra(s a(ica/(s a( (n1'a) )'r!$ico

n scia(, ( nor-a#ivo, ana(i"an$o s's rincia(s consc'ncias n (as $is#in#as ra-as $ (a

(in1?!s#ica, ' son: a 5on6#ica / 5ono(o1!a c sin#a3is $ -or5o(o1!a a1r'a-os s#as c'a#ro n (a

1ra-%#ica + or#o1ra5!a 5 (3ico(o1!a 0 (3ico1ra5!a 1 s-%n#ica ++ D)an$o $ (a$o (as $os

ri-ras or -o#ivos o/vios, - cn#rar6 n (as c's#ions -%s r(van#s ara ( (n1'a) )'r!$ico n(os rs#an#s %-/i#os a ' no rs'(#a osi/( a'! 'n s#'$io 3&a's#ivo, a'n#ar6 -ra-n#

a(1'nas c's#ions 1nra(s, s(ccionan$o a(1'no $ (os 'n#os ' cro (an#an -a0ors ro/(-as

o 'n -a0or in#r6s, 0 sHa(an$o n ocasions a(1<n )-(o si1ni5ica#ivo n#r (os -'c&os ' o$r!an

ncon#rars n ca$a caso

9 En#r o#ros ' ir6 ci#an$o, &a0 ' $s#acar o/via-n# ( Diccionario de la lengua española, Esasa, Barc(ona,vi16si-o#rcra $ici;n, .+4 (a #rtograf"a de la lengua española, Esasa, Ma$ri$, .+ ( Diccionario panhisp$nico de

dudas, San#i((ana, Ma$ri$, .9 0 (a %ueva gram$tica de la lengua española, 2 vo(<-ns, Esasa, Ma$ri$, . To$oss#os $oc'-n#os, )'n#o a o#ros ' s -ncionar%n -%s a$(an#, rco1n (o ' o$r!a-os $no-inar 7r1'(aci;n o5icia(8$ (a corrcci;n (in1?!s#ica, a(ica/( (na-n# a( (n1'a) )'r!$ico, so/r ( ' con 5rc'ncia s &acn in$icacionssc!5icasTa-/i6n convin $s#acar ' #o$os ((os &an si$o (a/ora$os con (a s#rc&a co(a/oraci;n $ (as aca$-ias $ (a (n1'asaHo(a $ A-6rica 0 Fi(iinas, 0 $ &c&o n #o$os ((os 3c#o n ( Diccionario de la lengua española , (a Asociaci;n$ Aca$-ias $ (a Ln1'a 5i1'ra )'n#o a (a Ra( Aca$-ia EsaHo(a n or#a$a co-o rsonsa/( $ (a $ici;n En ( caso$( Diccionario de la lengua española, ( Pr%-/'(o $s#aca (a 7s#rc&a cooraci;n con (as Aca$-ias &r-anas $A-6rica 0 Fi(iinas8, c'0os $a#os 0 co-osici;n 5i1'ran n %1s [VII 0 ssPor #an#o, 0 #nin$o n c'n#a o/via-n# ' n's#ro i$io-a s <nico 0 co-ar#i$o or cin#os $ -i((ons $ &a/i#an#s$ $ivrsos Es#a$os, ( va(or $ (as a'#as ' o5rcn s#os $iccionarios 0 (i/ros $/ sr ( -is-o n #o$os (os a!ss, 0 (ac's#i;n $( osi/( con5(ic#o n#r s#as a'#as aca$6-icas 0 (as s#a/(ci$as n (as $is#in#as nor-as )'r!$icas $ s#os

a!ss, a (a ' -%s a$(an# - r5rir6, $/r!a a/or$ars con ar%-#ros si-i(ars n #o$os (os casos

10 Si1'in$o ( cri#rio $ (a %ueva gram$tica&, ci# vo( I, %1 2, (a 1ra-%#ica '$ #nr 'n sn#i$o s#ric#o0 'n sn#i$o a-(io En s# <(#i-o a/arca, a$-%s $ (o r(a#ivo a 7(a s#r'c#'ra $ (as a(a/ras, (as 5or-as n' s#as s n(a"an 0 (os si1ni5ica$os a (os ' #a(s co-/inacions $an ('1ar8 -or5o(o1!a 0 sin#a3is, 'con5or-ar!an (a 1ra-%#ica n sn#i$o s#ric#o, (a 5on6#ica 7an%(isis $ (os soni$os $( &a/(a8 (a 5ono(o1!aor1ani"aci;n (in1?!s#ica $ (os soni$os

11 Es# #ra/a)o no s a/or$a$o $s$ (a rsc#iva s#ric#a-n# (in1?!s#ica Por #an#o no s osi/( n#rar aana(i"ar (os $ivrsos -a#ics o varian#s ' a(1'nos s#'$iosos &acn rsc#o a (a c(asi5icaci;n o5rci$a, 'si1o or consi$rar(a 'na $ (as -%s co-'ns, 0 <#i( a n's#ros ro;si#os rscin$in$o o/via-n# $ (a5on6#ica 0 5ono(o1!a ' no #inn r(vancia a (os 5c#os $ s# #ra/a)o A$-%s $ (os #ra/a)os $ (a Ra(Aca$-ia EsaHo(a 0a ci#a$os, 0 a #!#'(o $ -'s#ra, v6as or )-(o&##:(n1'a(a1'ia.co-1nra((in1'is#ica*(a*cincia*$(*(n1'a) o, con (i1ras variacions,&##:cvon(in'a&$'-3C'rsosBV(4+'ni$a$.++.a.(c(in1'is#icas's.ra-as$5 5c&a $cons'(#a .9 $ -a0o $ .+9 Con -%s ro5'n$i$a$, J'an L'is JIM\NE] RUI], Ling'"stica (eneral I) (u"a

docente, E$i#oria( C('/ Univrsi#ario, A(ican#, .^ $ici;n, .+2, scia(-n# %1s @+ ss

http://lengua.laguia2000.com/general/linguistica-la-ciencia-del-lenguaje


http://cvonline.uaeh.edu.mx/Cursos/BV/l0401/unidad%201/1.2a%20lec_linguistica_sus%20ramas.pdf


http://cvonline.uaeh.edu.mx/Cursos/BV/l0401/unidad%201/1.2a%20lec_linguistica_sus%20ramas.pdf



2 LA MORFOLOG_A DEL LENGUAJE NORMATIVO EL G\NERO EL 7LENGUAJE NO

SE[ISTA8

La -or5o(o1!a s oc'a $ 7(a s#r'c#'ra $ (as a(a/ras, s' cons#i#'ci;n in#rna 0 s's

variacions8 +. S s'( $ivi$ir n -or5o(o1!a 5(3iva 0 -or5o(o1!a (63ica o $riva#iva Es#a <(#i-a

s#'$ia (a s#r'c#'ra $ (as a(a/ras 0 (as a'#as ara cons#r'ir(as o $rivar(as $ o#ras, -in#ras ' (a

-or5o(o1!a (63ica ana(i"a (as variacions $ (as a(a/ras ' i-(ican ca-/ios $ con#ni$o

1ra-a#ica(s con consc'ncias n (as r(acions sin#%c#icas, co-o n (a concor$ancia o n (a rcci;n

Es#as varian#s '$n a5c#ar a( 16nro, n<-ro, rsona, #i-o, asc#o, 0 -o$o +2

Ds$ ('1o, sin$o ( (n1'a) )'r!$ico 'n #io $ (n1'a), #o$as (as r1(as -or5o(;1icas

$/n a(icars a( -is-o, cons#i#'06n$os s' c'-(i-in#o n 'n i-or#an# cri#rio $ corrcci;n

Es# asc#o no $/r!a (an#ar -%s ro/(-as, ro acaso or $sc'i$o, (a r$acci;n $ a(1'nas

nor-as no si-r c'-( a(1'nas r1(as /%sicas, co-o (a roia concor$ancia +4

Sin -/ar1o, ( asc#o -%s ro/(-%#ico 0 o(6-ico ' (an#a ( (n1'a) nor-a#ivo n s#

#rrno no o/$c a (os rrors (in1?!s#icos ina$vr#i$os ', co-o n o#ros %-/i#os, s ro$'cn con

a(1'na 5rc'ncia, sino -%s /in a (o ' aarn#-n# s 'na $iscrancia n#r (as r1(as

aca$6-icas $ 'so $( (n1'a), 0 (as ' a(1'nos #3#os nor-a#ivos ' o5icia(s i-onn a (a r$acci;n

$ nor-as M r5iro, c(aro s, a (a c's#i;n $( $s$o/(a-in#o $ (os 16nros n #o$as (as r5rncias

(1a(s a rsonas, ' s1<n a(1'nos sr!a 'na 3i1ncia $( ((a-a$o (n1'a) no s3is#a

E( #-a &a si$o o/)#o $ 'n a-(io $/a# aca$6-ico, )'r!$ico 0 $oc#rina(, 0 a'! so(o '$

sr a/or$a$o n s's (!nas sncia(s+9 Ka0 ' co-n"ar sHa(an$o ' (a c's#i;n $( (n1'a) no

s3is#a va -'c&o -%s a((% $( $s$o/(a-in#o $ 16nros, 0 si a'! (a a/or$a-os n s# aar#a$o

$$ica$o a (a -or5o(o1!a s $/i$o a ' aarn#-n# s s#a 'na $ (as consc'ncias -%s visi/(s

12

%ueva gram$tica&, ci#, vo( I, %1 2

13 So/r s#as c's#ions, con -a0or a-(i#'$, %ueva gram$tica&, ci#, vo( I, %1s .+ ss

14 Va(1a 'n )-(o n#r #an#os ' (a-n#a/(-n# o$r!an a'n#ars La E3osici;n $ Mo#ivos $ (a L0+.+2, $ $ $ici-/r, $ Transarncia, Accso a (a In5or-aci;n P</(ica 0 B'n Go/irno, a5ir-a: 7LaL0 s a(icar% a $#r-ina$as n#i$a$s ', or s' scia( r(vancia </(ica, o or s' con$ici;n $ rc#ors $ 5on$os </(icos, vn1an o/(i1a$os a r5or"ar (a #ransarncia $ s' ac#ivi$a$8



$ (a '#i(i"aci;n $ s# (n1'a) D -anra ', or con3i;n 0 #nin$o n c'n#a (a sis#-%#ica $

s# #ra/a)o, &ar6 n s# ('1ar a(1'nas consi$racions a( rsc#o

Ds$ ('1o, s c(aro ' ( (n1'a) s3is#a $/ rra$icars $( 'so a$-inis#ra#ivo, 0 ' s

osi#ivo ( 5o-n#o $( (n1'a) no s3is#a n #o$os (os %-/i#os Para -"ar, ( In5or- so/r (

(n1'a) no s3is#a n ( Par(a-n#o 'roo aro/a$o or (a $cisi;n Gr'o $ A(#o Niv( so/rI1'a($a$ $ G6nro 0 Divrsi$a$ $ +2 $ 5/rro $ .@ +=, n#in$ ' 7La 5ina(i$a$ $( (n1'a)

no s3is#a o (n1'a) n'#ra( n c'an#o a( 16nro s vi#ar ocions (63icas ' '$an in#rr#ars

co-o ss1a$as, $iscri-ina#orias o $1ra$an#s a( i-(icar ' 'no $ (os s3os s s'rior a( o#ro, 0a

' n (a -a0or!a $ (os con#3#os ( s3o $ (as rsonas s, o $/ sr, irr(van#8, ro #r-ina

sHa(an$o ' 7Lo ' sirv ara 'na (n1'a '$ no srvir ara o#ra Para ca$a 'na $ (as (n1'as

o5icia(s $/ ncon#rars 'na #r-ino(o1!a a$c'a$a no s3is#a ' sa con5or- con (as cos#'-/rs

naciona(s 0 #n1a n c'n#a (a (1is(aci;n naciona( n (a -a#ria, (as orin#acions a niv( naciona( 0

o#ras 5'n#s a'#ori#a#ivas8 En EsaHa, (a L0 Or1%nica 2.>, $ .. $ -ar"o, ara (a i1'a($a$

5c#iva $ &o-/rs 0 -')rs, s#a/(c n s' ar#!c'(o +4++, co-o cri#rio 1nra( $ ac#'aci;n $ (os

o$rs </(icos: 7La i-(an#aci;n $ 'n (n1'a) no s3is#a n ( %-/i#o a$-inis#ra#ivo 0 s' 5o-n#o

n (a #o#a(i$a$ $ (as r(acions socia(s, c'(#'ra(s 0 ar#!s#icas8 n (a -is-a (!na s ron'ncian

$ivrsas (0s $ i1'a($a$ a'#on;-icas +>

Por #an#o, s c(aro ' ( (n1'a) $/ vi#ar (as $ivrsas 5or-as $ s3is-o +@ Sin -/ar1o,

$ #o$o (o an#rior no s $$'c n -o$o a(1'no (a ncsi$a$ $ $s$o/(ar (os 16nros ara inc('ir a

(as -')rs, 0a ' n n's#ro i$io-a ( -asc'(ino, co-o 16nro no -arca$o, s inc('sivo 0 s' 'so no

s s3is#a c'an$o (o ' in#rsa s (a visi/i(i$a$ $ (a -')r, n's#ro i$io-a o5rc -'c&as o#ras

a(#rna#ivas Vo0 a in#n#ar 5'n$a-n#ar /rv-n# s#as a5ir-acions

15 V6as or )-(o Mar!a L'isa BALAGUER CALLEJÓN, 7G6nro 0 (n1'a) Prs''s#os ara 'n(n1'a) )'r!$ico i1'a(i#ario8, n Revista de Derecho *ol"tico, n >2, .@, %1s >+ ss Pi$a$ GARC_A*ESCUDERO M`RUE], Manual de t+cnica legislativa, T&o-son R'#rs, Ma$ri$, .++, %1s +=> ssVicn# GARRIDO MAOL, Las garant"as del procedimiento prelegislativo la ela-oración . apro-ación de

los pro.ectos de le., Tiran# (o B(anc&, Va(ncia, .+, %1s .+. ss L'is Mar!a CA]ORLA PRIETO, Ellenguae ur"dico actual, Aran"a$i, Navarra, .^ $ici;n, .+2, %1s @ ss o R'/6n MART_NE] DALMAU, 7E((n1'a) $ (as nor-as8, -a#ria( ara ( M$ster en Derecho *arlamentario . /+cnica Legislativa, n&##:5or-acion2#iran#co-('1in5i(&4=4-o$rso'rccon#n#(.(n1'a).$.(as.nor-as$5 accso rs#rin1i$o

16 S' #3#o '$ ncon#rars n &##:5a$-'rs$oc'-n#osIn5or-*E'roca-ara*Ln1'a)*s3is#a$5 5c&a $ cons'(#a .9 $ -a0o $ .+9

http://formacion3.tirant.com/pluginfile.php/4640/mod_resource/content/0/el%20lenguaje%20de%20las%20normas.pdf


http://www.fademur.es/_documentos/Informe-Eurocamara-Lenguaje-sexista.pdf








En ri-r ('1ar, (os cri#rios $ (a Aca$-ia son -'0 c(aros, n ( sn#i$o $ ' sin$o( -asc'(ino ( 16nro no -arca$o, con car%c#r 1nra( rs'(#a in<#i( 0 $sacons)a/( ($s$o/(a-in#o $ 16nros c'an$o s 'ira &acr r5rncia a rsonas $ a-/os s3os + Es#a'#i(i"aci;n no i-(ica n -o$o a(1'no $iscri-inaci;n a (a -')r, ni #a-oco s3is-o n 'ni$io-a co-o ( saHo(, ' co-o #a( no #in sa con$ici;n . Por (o $-%s, sin$o (-asc'(ino 'n 16nro no -arca$o, ( ro/(-a $ (a 7visi/i(i$a$8 $ (a -')r n ra(i$a$ so(o3is#ir% n concr#os casos n 5'nci;n $( con#3#o, 0 '$ a5ron#ars c'an$o sa ncsariocon a(#rna#ivas $i5rn#s, -%s acor$s con (as a'#as $ corrcci;n n (a '#i(i"aci;n $(i$io-a, -%s con;-icas n #6r-inos (in1?!s#icos, 0 -%s ra(i"a/(s n (a r%c#ica D #o$os

17 L0 +..=, $ . $ s#i-/r, $ (a M')r $ I((s Ba(ars ar#s ++2, 2 0 9@ L0 +.2, $ 2 $ -ar"o, $I1'a($a$ $ Oor#'ni$a$s n#r M')rs 0 Ko-/rs n Cas#i((a 0 L;n ar#s ++, +2@ 0 49 L0 +.+, $ .= $5/rro, nor-as r1'(a$oras $ I1'a($a$ n#r M')rs 0 Ko-/rs $ Canarias ar#s 4+, +, 2+2 /, 49, 9@., ==+,$isosici;n a$iciona( s1'n$a 0 an3o L0 4.9, $ +@ $ 5/rro, $ I1'a($a$ $ M')rs 0 Ko-/rs $( Pa!s Vascoar#s +@4, .=2, 2., 22., 4.. L0 >.4, $ += $ )'(io, ara (a i1'a($a$ $ -')rs 0 &o-/rs $ Ga(icia ar#s +2, 2,+> 0 +@ L0 >.>, $ 4 $ a/ri(, ara (a I1'a($a$ n#r M')rs 0 Ko-/rs, 0 $ Pro#cci;n con#ra (a Vio(ncia $G6nro n (a R1i;n $ M'rcia ar#s 4 a, @2, +.. $, 2., 0 2@ L0 .2, $ . $ a/ri(, $ I1'a($a$ $ Co-'ni$a$Va(nciana ar# 4@ L0 +..>, $ .= $ novi-/r, $ Pro-oci;n $ (a i1'a($a$ $ 16nro n An$a('c!a ar#s 4+, ,

.@2 /, 9+., 0 9@+ L0 +..+, $ +@ $ novi-/r, $ I1'a($a$ $ Cas#i((a*La Manc&a ar#s 4 1, + 0 4@+ L0@.++, $ .2 $ -ar"o, $ I1'a($a$ n#r M')rs 0 Ko-/rs 0 con#ra (a Vio(ncia $ G6nro n E3#r-a$'ra ar#s 2,4, =. c, >. /, .>, 224, 99. 5, >2, >9+, +2 L0 Fora( 22.., $ .@ $ novi-/r, $ 5o-n#o $ (a i1'a($a$$ oor#'ni$a$s n#r -')rs 0 &o-/rs $ Navarra ar# +. / L0 ..++, $ ++ $ -ar"o, I1'a($a$ $ -')rs 0&o-/rs 0 (a rra$icaci;n $ (a vio(ncia $ 16nro $( Princia$o $ As#'rias ar#s 9, .4. 0 .@.

En #o$as s#as (0s s 'na cons#an# (a i-osici;n $ 'n (n1'a) no s3is#a n ( %-/i#o a$-inis#ra#ivo 0 </(ico,as! co-o n o#ros con#3#os c'an$o 3is#a 5inanciaci;n </(ica o ar#iciaci;n n 'n srvicio </(ico, 0 n #o$o caso (5o-n#o $ (a '#i(i"aci;n $ s# #io $ (n1'a) n #o$os (os %-/i#os Pro n 1nra( s#as (0s no sci5ican n '6casos concr#os s#a-os an# 'n (n1'a) s3is#a, 0 n ar#ic'(ar no i-onn 3rsa-n# ( $s$o/(a-in#o $ 16nro'i"% (as <nicas aarn#s 3ccions a s# cri#rio son (as (0s $ Canarias 0 Cas#i((a*La Manc&a En 5c#o, (a$isosici;n a$iciona( s1'n$a $ (a (0 canaria: 7En a(icaci;n $ (o $is's#o n (a L0 Or1%nica 2.>, $ .. $ -ar"o,

ara (a i1'a($a$ 5c#iva $ -')rs 0 &o-/rs, n r(aci;n con (a con$ici;n $ (na ci'$a$an!a $ (as -')rs nCanarias, s rvisar%n #o$os (os #3#os nor-a#ivos $ (as a$-inis#racions </(icas canarias s'ri-in$o ( 'so $(

-asc'(ino 1n6rico sis#-%#ico n ( (n1'a) 0 a$a#%n$o(o a (a rrsn#aci;n ari#aria $ a-/os s3os, n (os #6r-inos' roc$a n ca$a caso8 n ( an3o $ (a -is-a 5or-a s a5ir-a: 7E( (n1'a) s3is#a inc('0 ( 'so nor-a#ivo $(-asc'(ino 1n6rico o-nico-rnsivo, ' r(1a a( 5-nino a 'na osici;n $ s'/i$n#i5icaci;n o in3is#ncia 0 '(1i#i-a 'na $o/( -ora( ara a-/os s3os, a( a#ri/'ir 0 socia(i"ar $is#in#os o con#rarios si1ni5ica$os ara (os -is-osconc#os n -asc'(ino 0 n 5-nino, o a( asociar carac#r!s#icas 0ora#ivas, $iscri-ina#orias o $ s'/va(oraci;n avoca/(os r(aciona$os con (as -')rs8

Por s' ar#, ( ar#!c'(o ++ $ (a (0 $ Cas#i((a*La Manc&a: 7E( (n1'a) '#i(i"a$o or (a A$-inis#raci;n sr%inc('sivo $ &o-/rs 0 -')rs, &acin$o 'so $( 5-nino 0 -asc'(ino, o n s' caso n'#ro, (i-inan$o c'a('ir ss1os3is#a, inc('so (os in$irc#os Asi-is-o, s 5o-n#ar% ( 'so $( (n1'a) no s3is#a n#r (os ar#ic'(ars8

A'n as!, co-o 0a & a'n#a$o, n nin1'no $ (os casos ' co-n#a-os s s#% i-onin$o ( $s$o/(a-in#o $16nros

18 V6as or )-(o `(varo GARC_A MESEGUER, 7Es s3is#a (a (n1'a saHo(a8, n&##:-$#ra$or1anacaIn$icGnra(n2GarciaMs1'r$5 5c&a $ cons'(#a .9 $ -a0o $ .+9 En#in$s# a'#or ' inc'rr n s3is-o (in1?!s#ico 7'n -nsa) ', $/i$o a s' 5or-a s $cir, $/i$o a (as a(a/ras sco1i$as oa( -o$o $ n&/rar(as 0 no a s' 5on$o, rs'(#a $iscri-ina#orio or ra";n $ s3o8, %1 +, 0 o5rc )-(os $ s3is-o(63ico ( ar 7var;n*&-/ra8, 7ca/a((rosi$a$8, 7&o-/r!a $ /in8 0 $ s3is-o sin#%c#ico E( 5isca( rs'(#; sr 'na-')r, /as#an# 1'aa or cir#oQ, o (a (#ra $ (a 5a-osa canci;n $ Jarc&a: Gn# ' s;(o /'sca s' an, s' &-/ra, s'5is#an a"Q, o Los in1(ss r5irn ( #6 a( ca56 Ta-/i6n r5irn (as -')rs r'/ias a (as -ornasQ Con -a0or a-(i#'$, '$ vrs ( (i/ro $( -is-o a'#or 0Es se1ista la lengua española2 3na investigación so-re el

g+nero gramatical , Co(cci;n Pa(s $ Co-'nicaci;n, n 4, Pai$;s, Barc(ona, +4

http://www.medtrad.org/panacea/IndiceGeneral/n3_GarciaMeseguer.pdf

http://www.medtrad.org/panacea/IndiceGeneral/n3_GarciaMeseguer.pdf



-o$os, co-o $s#aca I1nacio Bos', 7'n /'n aso &acia (a so('ci;n $( ro/(-a $ (avisi/i(i$a$Q sr!a rconocr, si-( 0 ((ana-n#, ', si s a(icaran (as $irc#rics ro's#asn s#as 1'!as n s's #6r-inos -%s s#ric#os, no s o$r!a &a/(ar8 .+ Los )-(os $ ((o sonn'-ros!si-os .., 0 $ &c&o n no ocos casos s #in$ a /'scar o#ras a(#rna#ivas -%sco-a#i/(s con (a cono-!a $( (n1'a) .2

En c'a('ir caso, co-o vn1o s'1irin$o, (a aarn# con#ra$icci;n n#r (os cri#rios $ (a Aca$-ia

0 (as nor-as )'r!$icas no sr!a #a( D)an$o a 'n (a$o (as $i5rn#s 1'!as, -%s o -nos vinc'(a$as a

ins#i#'cions, ' rco-in$an 3(!ci#a-n# ( $s$o/(a-in#o $ 16nros .4, n ra(i$a$ (as nor-as

)'r!$icas so(o roscri/n ( s3is-o (in1?!s#ico E((o s -'0 osi#ivo, 0 or ((o s /'no ' s

cono"can a'((as cons#r'ccions 0 3rsions, or $s1racia $-asia$o co-'ns, ' i-(ican

s3is-o, ara vi#ar s' '#i(i"aci;n n #3#os nor-a#ivos Pro ( 'so $( 16nro -asc'(ino n s' sn#i$o

1n6rico o no -arca$o, ara r5rirs a 1r'os ' inc('0n rsonas $ s3o -asc'(ino 0 5-nino,

no i-(ica (a '#i(i"aci;n $ (n1'a) s3is#a or si &'/ira $'$as, convin rcor$ar ' (a $irc#ri"

19 Encon#ra-os in5ini$a$ $ #3#os 7o5icia(s8 n (os ' (a Aca$-ia 3(ica con c(ari$a$ (as r1(as a(ica/(s 0rco-in$a con car%c#r 1nra( (a '#i(i"aci;n $( -asc'(ino in$i5rncia$o Por )-(o, ca/ ci#ar ( Diccionario

panhisp$nico de dudas, ci#, %1 2+, ' sHa(a: 7En (os s's#an#ivos ' $si1nan srs ani-a$os, ( -asc'(ino 1ra-a#ica(no so(o s -(a ara r5rirs a (os in$ivi$'os $ s3o -asc'(ino, sino #a-/i6n ara $si1nar (a c(as, s#o s, a #o$os (osin$ivi$'os $ (a sci, sin $is#inci;n $ s3os A sar $ ((o, n (os <(#i-os #i-os, or ra"ons $ corrcci;n

o(!#ica, ' no $ corrcci;n (in1?!s#ica, s s#% 3#n$in$o (a cos#'-/r $ &acr 3(!ci#a n s#os casos (a a('si;n aa-/os s3os S o(vi$a ' n (a (n1'a s#% rvis#a (a osi/i(i$a$ $ r5rirs a co(c#ivos -i3#os a #rav6s $( 16nro1ra-a#ica( -asc'(ino, osi/i(i$a$ n (a ' no $/ vrs in#nci;n $iscri-ina#oria a(1'na, sino (a a(icaci;n $ (a (0(in1?!s#ica $ (a cono-!a 3rsiva So(o c'an$o (a oosici;n $ s3os s 'n 5ac#or r(van# n ( con#3#o, sncsaria (a rsncia 3(!ci#a $ a-/os 16nros )QPara vi#ar (as n1orrosas r#icions a ' $a ('1ar (a rcin# inncsaria cos#'-/r $ &acr si-r 3(!ci#a (a a('si;n a (os $os s3os los niños . las niñas, los ciudadanos .

ciudadanas, #c .+, &a co-n"a$o a 'sars n car#(s 0 circ'(ars ( s!-/o(o $ (a arro/a b co-o rc'rso 1r%5ico ara in#1rar n 'na so(a a(a/ra (as 5or-as -asc'(ina 0 5-nina $( s's#an#ivo, 0a ' s# si1no arc inc('ir n s'#ra"o (as voca(s a 0 o l b s niñb s) D/ #nrs n c'n#a ' (a arro/a no s 'n si1no (in1?!s#ico 0, or ((o, s' 'so ns#os casos s ina$-isi/( $s$ ( 'n#o $ vis#a nor-a#ivo a s#o s aHa$ (a i-osi/i(i$a$ $ a(icar s#a 5;r-'(ain#1ra$ora n -'c&os casos sin $ar ('1ar a 1ravs inconsis#ncias8

En sn#i$o -'0 si-i(ar '$ ci#ars (a %ueva gram$tica de la lengua española, vo( I, ci#, %1s @> ss, o (ascci;n $ cons'(#as $ (a Ra( Aca$-ia EsaHo(a: &##:rascons'(#as(os*ci'$a$anos*0*(as*ci'$a$anas*(os*ninos*0*(as*ninas Por (o $-%s, ( roio Diccionario panhisp$nico de dudas, ci#, %1 2+, 3(ica c(ara-n# (as $i5rnciasn#r 16nro 0 s3o: (as a(a/ras #inn g+nero 0 no se1o

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http://buscon.rae.es/dpdI/SrvltGUIBusDPD?lema=g%C3%A9nero2#21


http://www.rae.es/consultas/los-ciudadanos-y-las-ciudadanas-los-ninos-y-las-ninas








n<-ro +. $ (as Dirc#rics $ #6cnica nor-a#iva $ison ' 7(a r$acci;n $ (os #3#os s1'ir% (as

nor-as 1ra-a#ica(s 0 or#o1r%5icas $ (a Ra( Aca$-ia EsaHo(a 0 s' Diccionario Las $'$as '

'$an rsn#ars s rso(vr%n $ ac'r$o con (o s#a/(ci$o n ( Diccionario an&is%nico $

$'$as, ' (a Aca$-ia EsaHo(a &a consns'a$o con #o$as (as Aca$-ias $ A-6rica 0 Fi(iinas8Por #an#o, arc ra"ona/( ((var a ca/o 'na in#rr#aci;n conci(ia$ora, ' $scar# (os

$s$o/(a-in#os $ 16nro inncsarios, 0 '#i(ic, so(a-n# c'an$o sa rciso, (as 5;r-'(as

a$c'a$as ara cons1'ir (a visi/i(i$a$ $ (a -')r o $s&acr a-/i1?$a$s, sin rc'rrir a so('cions

ar#i5icia(s o 5or"a$as En s#a (!na arcn &a/r i$o avan"an$o ( Cons)o $ Es#a$o 0 a(1'nos

cons)os cons'(#ivos a'#on;-icos .9 D s#a -anra s '$ rso(vr $ 'na 5or-a conci(ia$ora 0

corrc#a 'na c's#i;n ' acaso &a 1nra$o -%s roc'aci;n $ (a ncsaria .=4 LA SINTA[IS DEL LENGUAJE NORMATIVO

La sin#a3is s ncar1a $( an%(isis $ (a 5or-a n ' s co-/inan 0 s $isonn (ina(-n#

(as a(a/ras, as! co-o ( $ (os 1r'os ' 5or-an .> En s# %-/i#o, (a snci((" $/ sr $ n'vo (a

r1(a n ( (n1'a) nor-a#ivo, 0 or 3#nsi;n, n ( (n1'a) )'r!$ico La r!5rasis s ( ca-ino -%s

(ar1o n#r $os 'n#os, 0 co-o r1(a 1nra( $/r!a vi#ars Una r$acci;n c(ara 0 snci((a s /%sica

ara 5avorcr (a co-rnsi;n $ 'n #3#o nor-a#ivo E((o $/ con((var nor-a(-n# (a r5rncia

or 5rass -%s /rvs, vi#an$o (a ac'-'(aci;n $ roosicions coor$ina$as 0 s'/or$ina$as 0

ac'$in$o a( 'n#o 0 s1'i$o -'c&o -%s ' a (a co-a 0 a( 'n#o 0 co-a Co-o sHa(a (a $irc#ri"

++ $ (as ci#a$as Dirc#rics $ #6cnica nor-a#iva:7La c(ari$a$ 0 snci((" 3i1n rs#ar ( or$n nor-a( $ (os (-n#os $ (a oraci;n,

rscin$in$o $( &i6r/a#on, 0 vi#ar #o$o a'((o ', sin aor#ar rcisions $ con#ni$o,

co-(i' o rcar1' inncsaria-n# (a r$acci;n $ (a nor-a En sa -is-a (!na, s vi#ar% (

'so $ 5or-as $ asiva ara a'((os casos n ' ( saHo( #in n (as oracions ac#ivas o n (a

asiva con 7s8 s' 5or-a -%s a$c'a$a $ 3rsi;n8

En (a -is-a (!na, co-o 0a & a'n#a$o (a Car#a $ (os $rc&os $ (os ci'$a$anos an# (a

J's#icia s r5ir n s' 'n#o > a ' (as rso('cions )'$icia(s $/n -(ar 7'na sin#a3is 0s#r'c#'ra snci((as, sin r)'icio $ s' ri1or #6cnico8 Por s' ar#, ( Informe de la Comisión de

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modernización del lenguae ur"dico rco-in$a: a vi#ar oracions -'0 (ar1as 0 r!5rasis, as! co-o

(oc'cions in<#i(s / vi#ar 3csos $ s'/or$inaci;n, 0 c ra(i"ar 'n s5'r"o or -(ar 5rass

/rvs 0 $ sin#a3is snci((a .@Es -'0 i-or#an# (a corrc#a '#i(i"aci;n $ (as co-as ara sarar (os incisos, 0 n ca-/io

$/ vi#ars s' '#i(i"aci;n c'an$o (a -is-a no roc$a . I1'a(-n# s rco-n$a/( '#i(i"ar con

r5rncia (as oracions ac#ivas so/r (as asivas, vi#ar (a asiva r5()a con 'so $ co-(-n#o

a1n# 2, 0 '#i(i"ar a$c'a$a-n# (os co-(-n#os, $is#in1'in$o n ar#ic'(ar (os 3(ica#ivos 0

sci5ica#ivos 2+La-n#a/(-n#, n $-asia$as ocasions ( (n1'a) )'r!$ico i1nora s#os cri#rios

sin#%c#icos /%sicos, $i5ic'(#an$o as! s' co-rnsi;n E((o '$ rovocar n no ocas ocasions

a-/i1?$a$ sin#%c#ica, si#'aci;n scia(-n# ro/(-%#ica c'an$o s $riva $ (a r$acci;n $ 'na

nor-a, or (o ' s'on $ ris1o ara (a s1'ri$a$ )'r!$ica 2. En a(1'nos asc#os, s o$r!a $cir

' 3is#n n ( (n1'a) )'r!$ico inc('so #ra$icions con#rarias a (a sin#a3is -%s rco-n$a/(: si /in

(os 7consi$ran$os8 $ (as sn#ncias 0a &an i$o $sarcin$o ara s's#i#'irs or 5'n$a-n#os

)'r!$icos n'-ra$os ' no #inn 'n 7i 5or"a$o8 ara s' r$acci;n, (os r%-/'(os $ -'c&os

#ra#a$os in#rnaciona(s 0 $ (a roia Cons#i#'ci;n -an#inn s 5or-a#o ' (os convir# n

(ar1'!si-as 5rass ((nas $ incisos ' co-in"an si-r or 'n 1r'n$io o 'n in5ini#ivo 22 , or

o#ro (a$o, s &a/i#'a( n (a 5'nci;n cons'(#iva (a in#ro$'cci;n $ (a ar# 5ina( $( $ic#a-n con 'n

inciso #o#a(-n# incon1r'n# $s$ ( 'n#o $ vis#a sin#%c#ico 24 Pro -%s a((% $ s#as

c'(iari$a$s n (as ' (as inco&rncias sin#%c#icas o (a r'#'ra con (as r1(as &a/i#'a(-n#

rco-n$a/(s n (a -a#ria s 3(ican a'n' s $i5!ci( ron'nciars so/r n '6 -$i$a s

)'s#i5ican or (a '#i(i"aci;n $ 5or-as #ra$iciona(s, -%s roc'an# s ( inc'-(i-in#o $ s#os

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cri#rios n -'0 $ivrsas nor-as $ #o$o ran1o 0 n o#ros #3#os )'r!$icos, 'n 5n;-no #an 5rc'n#

co-o roc'an# 299 LA ORTOGRAF_A DEL LENGUAJE JUR_DICO ESPECIAL CONSIDERACIÓN DEL USO

DE LAS MASCULAS

No cro ' rs'(# ncsario insis#ir n (a i-or#ancia $ (a corrcci;n or#o1r%5ica n ( (n1'a)nor-a#ivo 0, -%s a-(ia-n#, n #o$o ( (n1'a) )'r!$ico Sin -/ar1o, n (a r%c#ica s inc'-(n

a(1'nas r1(as con -%s 5rc'ncia $ (a $sa/(, 0 n o#ros casos s 1nran a(1'nas $'$as so/r c'%(

s (a a'#a $ corrcci;n A'! rs'(#a i-osi/( &acr 'n raso $ #o$as (as r1(as or#o1r%5icas, 0 ni

si'ira $ (as -%s i-or#an#s o 5rc'n#-n# inc'-(i$as Por #an#o, a$-%s $ rcor$ar (a

i-or#ancia $ (a corrc#a '#i(i"aci;n $ (os si1nos $ 'n#'aci;n 2=, c'0o 'so rr;no '$ $ar ('1ar

a a-/i1?$a$s ' on1an n ris1o (a s1'ri$a$ )'r!$ica, - cn#rar6 n $os asc#os $

i-or#ancia: ( 'so $ (os acn#os, 0 ( $ (as -a0<sc'(as

Rsc#o a (os acn#os, ( ro/(-a rincia( s ro$'c n a'((os casos n (os ' 3is#

$iscor$ancia n#r (a r1(a $ (a Aca$-ia 0 'sos r(a#iva-n# 3#n$i$os, o /in c'an$o $ic&a nor-a

&a ca-/ia$o n ar#, ro ( ca-/io no &a ro$'ci$o 5c#os n ( 'so 1nra( 'i"% ( )-(o -%s

no#orio n s# #rrno, $a$o ' a5c#a a a(a/ras $ 'so -'0 5rc'n#, s ( $ (as $i5ic'(#a$s '

#in ara i-(an#ars (a ac#'a( r1(a $ (a no acn#'aci;n $( a$vr/io 7so(o8 ni $ (os rono-/rs

$-os#ra#ivos 7s#8, 7s8, 7a'(8 0 s's varian#s Tra$iciona(-n# s &a acn#'a$o (a a(a/ra

7so(o8 c'an$o s 'n a$vr/io, 0 no c'an$o s a$)#ivo , or s' ar#, ra &a/i#'a( (a acn#'aci;n $(os rono-/rs 7s#8, 7s8, 7a'(8 0 s's varian#s, ro no c'an$o 5'ncionan co-o a$)#ivos Pro

0a (a #rtograf"a $ + rscri/!a ( acn#o $ 7so(o8 3c('siva-n# n (os casos n (os ' &a0

ris1o $ a-/i1?$a$ 2> n c'an#o a (os rono-/rs $-os#ra#ivos, si /in r-i#!a s' acn#'aci;n,

so(a-n# (a i-on!a n caso $ a-/i1?$a$ 2@ Pro (a ac#'a( #rtograf"a $ .+ $a 'n aso -%s,

r-i#in$o so(a-n# (a #i($ ro no i-oni6n$o(a n casos $ a-/i1?$a$ 2 En s# con#3#o,

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co-o s &a $ic&o arc ' ( 'so &a/i#'a( 3#in$ #o$av!a (a acn#'aci;n a s''s#os n (os ' no

s ncsaria o ni si'ira s#% r-i#i$a Tan#o s as!, ' n ocasions ca/r!a nsar si, -%s a((% $ (os

casos $ a-/i1?$a$ n (os ' (a acn#'aci;n a<n s r-i#, s a(ica/( (a ro&i/ici;n $

acn#'aci;n 'in s#o scri/ (an#; 3ac#a-n# s#a c's#i;n a( 3c(n# srvicio $ cons'(#as $

(a Ra( Aca$-ia M r-i#o #ranscri/ir (a ar# -%s i-or#an# $ (a rs's#a:

7U#i(i"ar (a #i($ n ( a$vr/io so(o 0 (os $-os#ra#ivos -%s a((% $ (os casos $ osi/(

a-/i1?$a$ no '$ consi$rars corrc#o 0a ' no s a)'s#a a (a nor-a or#o1r%5ica vi1n#

QNo o/s#an#, $/ #nr n c'n#a ' ( 63i#o $ c'a('ir -o$i5icaci;n n (as r1(as

or#o1r%5icas $ 'na (n1'a si-r #in co-o n-i1o ( so $ (a #ra$ici;n, s#o s, ( &c&o $ '

(os &a/(an#s &an arn$i$o 'na $#r-ina$a nor-a 0 (a a(ican con r1'(ari$a$ En -'c&os %-/i#os

$ 'so, (a /a#a((a s#% r%c#ica-n# r$i$a or )-(o, -'c&as rsonas -a0ors $ cinc'n#a aHos

si1'n &o0 $!a acn#'an$o (a 5or-a vr/a( 5' A$-%s, ( r!o$o #ransc'rri$o $s$ s#a

-o$i5icaci;n s ins'5icin# ara ' s &a0a conso(i$a$o

QPor ((o, s 5'n$a-n#a( con#ar con (a sc'(a 0 ( (i/ro $ #3#o ara nsHar (as nov$a$s a

(os &a/(an#s $( 5'#'ro, 0 con (os ro5siona(s $ (a $ici;n 0 $ (os -$ios $ co-'nicaci;n ara

' (as conso(i$n 0 $i5'n$an D &c&o, 0a 3is#n $i#oria(s ' 0a si1'n (a nor-a ac#'a( 0

<nica-n# acn#<an n caso $ osi/( a-/i1?$a$8 4

Tras(a$an$o s#as i$as a( (n1'a) )'r!$ico, 0 -'0 scia(-n# a( (n1'a) nor-a#ivo, ' $/s1'ir scr''(osa-n# (as r1(as $ (a Aca$-ia, 0 a$-%s -an#nr n (o osi/( (a 'ni5or-i$a$ n

s' 'so, nos ncon#ra-os con ' 'nos #3#os &an (i-ina$o (os acn#os 0 o#ros (os -an#inn, inc('so

n con#ra $ (o ac#'a(-n# rscri#o So(o '$a acons)ar, ara((a-n# a (o ' (a RAE sHa(a

rsc#o a (os ro5siona(s $ (a $ici;n 0 $ (os -$ios $ co-'nicaci;n, ' (os ro5siona(s $(

$rc&o, 0 -'0 scia(-n# (os i-(ica$os n (a r$acci;n $ nor-as, s i-(i'n n (a

i-(an#aci;n $( ac#'a( cri#rio $ (a Aca$-ia

E( si1'in# asc#o an#s an'ncia$o, r(a#ivo a (a '#i(i"aci;n $ (as -a0<sc'(as, s 'i"% 'na $ (as

c's#ions ' -%s $'$as 1nran n ( (n1'a) )'r!$ico, 0 rsc#o a (a c'a( -%s var!an (os 'sos, 0

-%s arcn s#os s#ar a()a$os n ocasions $ (as r1(as Con car%c#r 1nra(, '$ cons#a#ars 'na

#n$ncia a( 'so a/'sivo $ (a -a0<sc'(a inicia( Es#a #n$ncia, arcia/( n -'c&os con#3#os $(

40



(n1'a), arc in#nsi5icars n ( caso $( (n1'a) )'r!$ico S $ir!a ' s 'ir '#i(i"ar (a

-a0<sc'(a con (a 5ina(i$a$ $ $ar i-or#ancia a cir#os conc#os, nor-as, car1os ins#i#'cions Pro

o/via-n#, s# no s ( 'so corrc#o $ (a -a0<sc'(a, 0a ' (a Aca$-ia (i-i#a ( -is-o, con

car%c#r 1nra(, a (os no-/rs roios

En ra(i$a$, (a r1'(aci;n $ (a c's#i;n s#% /as#an# c(ara n (a #rtograf"a $ .+, n (

Diccionario panhisp$nico de dudas, inc('so n (as Dirc#rics $ #6cnica nor-a#iva , a'n' co-o

va-os a vr a con#in'aci;n &a0 casos n (os ' (as a'#as $ s#os #3#os no coinci$n Convin

$s#acar (as si1'in#s r1(as, 0a ' n (a r%c#ica ncon#ra-os -'c&as nor-as co-n"an$o a vcs

or (a roia Cons#i#'ci;n, as! co-o #3#os )'r!$icos 0 $oc#rina(s ' a/'san $ (a '#i(i"aci;n $

-a0<sc'(as:

a T!#'(os 0 car1os: n 1nra( $/n scri/irs n -in<sc'(a Por )-(o, 0 or in's'a( '

rs'(#, $/ scri/irs 7r08, 7rsi$n# $( Go/irno8, 7)5 $( Es#a$o8, 7aa8 La #rtograf"a $

.+ s -'0 c(ara a( rsc#o, aHa$in$o a$-%s ( si1'in# co-n#ario: 7A'n', or ra"ons $

so(-ni$a$ 0 rs#o, s acos#'-/ra a scri/ir con -a0<sc'(a inicia( (os no-/rs ' $si1nan

car1os o #!#'(os $ cir#a ca#1or!a n #3#os )'r!$icos, a$-inis#ra#ivos 0 ro#oco(arios, as! co-o n (

nca/"a-in#o $ (as car#as $iri1i$as a (as rsonas ' (os oc'an ' os#n#an, s rco-in$aaco-o$ar(os #a-/i6n n s#os con#3#os a (a nor-a 1nra( 0 scri/ir(os con -in<sc'(a8 4+

En ca-/io, ( Diccionario panhisp$nico arc sr a(1o -%s r-isivo con ( 'so $ (a

-a0<sc'(a n s# con#3#o, rcisa-n# ara ( caso $ (os #3#os (1a(s a'n' n ra(i$a$, s

(i-i#a a cons#a#ar ( 5rc'n# 'so ' s#os &acn $ (a -a0<sc'(a n s#os casos 4.

s ', n 5c#o, (a r1(a co-n#a$a arc sr i1nora$a or -'c&as nor-as $ #o$o ran1o,

co-n"an$o or (a roia Cons#i#'ci;n Si /in s#a s an#rior a (os #3#os ' vni-os co-n#an$o,

#a-/i6n arc 3c$rs n ( 'so $ (as -a0<sc'(as n s# %-/i#o Va(1an co-o )-(os, n#r

#an#os o#ros ' o$r!a-os a'n#ar, ( ar#!c'(o 9=+, ' co-in"a roc(a-an$o: 7E( R0 s ( J5 $(

Es#a$o8, o ( ar#!c'(o @+, ' $ison: 7E( Go/irno s co-on $( Prsi$n#, $ (os

41

42



Vicrsi$n#s, n s' caso, $ (os Minis#ros8 M%s a((% $ (a rco-n$aci;n $ ' (os #3#os

nor-a#ivos s a$a#n n ( 5'#'ro a (as a'#as 1nra(s, s (an#a ( ro/(-a $ c'%( $/ sr (a

r%c#ica a( #ranscri/ir (os -is-os En -i oini;n, n (os casos $ ci#a #3#'a( o/via-n# &a0 '

rs#ar (a '#i(i"aci;n $ (a -a0<sc'(a, a'n' sa incorrc#a En ca-/io, c'an$o (a r5rncia $ 'n

#3#o nor-a#ivo no sa (i#ra( ni cons#i#'0a 'na #ranscrici;n 3ac#a n c'0o caso $/r!a ir n#rco-i((as, ( a'#or $( #3#o $/ aco-o$ars a (as r1(as 1nra(s $ (a Aca$-ia, ' n s# caso

rscri/n (a -in<sc'(a

/ Ins#i#'cions 0 o$rs En s# caso (a r1(a s $i5rn# Los no-/rs $ ;r1anos

ins#i#'cions s scri/n n -a0<sc'(a con car%c#r 1nra(, $a$o ' s #ra#a $ $no-inacions

roias As!, $/ scri/irs 7C%-ara $ (os Co-'ns8, 7Minis#rio $ Sani$a$8, o 7Univrsi$a$ $

Cas#i((a*La Manc&a8, as! co-o 7(a Corona8, 7(as Cor#s Gnra(s8 o 7( Go/irno8 42 En ca-/io, (as

r5rncias a (as 5or-as $ Es#a$o 0 $ 1o/irno $/n scri/irs con -in<sc'(a, as! co-o (os o$rs

$( Es#a$o c'an$o s r5irn 1n6rica-n# a (a 5ac'(#a$ o o$r n ca-/io s scri/ir%n con

-a0<sc'(a c'an$o s r5irn a (os concr#os ;r1anos ' (as ncarnan 44 As!, or )-(o, $/

scri/irs 7-onar'!a8, 7r</(ica8, 7o$r (1is(a#ivo8, o 7o$r )c'#ivo8, a'n' s '#i(i"ar% (a

-a0<sc'(a n con#3#os co-o 7( E)c'#ivo aro/; 'n $cr#o8

Un caso ar#ic'(ar s ( $ (a a(a/ra Es#a$o, ' so(o $/ scri/irs con -a0<sc'(a c'an$o

si1ni5ica 7con)'n#o $ (os ;r1anos $ 1o/irno $ 'n a!s so/rano8, o c'an$o s r5ir a (a 'ni$a$

o(!#ica ' cons#i#'0 'n a!s, o a s' #rri#orio Por s' ar#, $/ scri/irs 7Es#a$o $ $rc&o8 49,

a'n' co-o s /in sa/i$o ( ar#!c'(o + $ (a Cons#i#'ci;n scri/ 7Es#a$o socia( 0 $-ocr%#ico $

Drc&o8

c Un asc#o n ( ' ncon#ra-os 'n 'so -'0 varia$o ' no si-r arc s1'ir 'n cri#rio c(aro

s ( $ (as $no-inacions $ o#ras nor-as En s# caso c'riosa-n# arc ' (as a'#as $ (a

Aca$-ia son -%s roc(ivs a (a -a0<sc'(a ' (as $ (as Dirc#rics $ #6cnica nor-a#iva ) En 5c#o,

(a #rtograf"a s#a/(c ' $/n scri/irs con -a0<sc'(a inicia( 7#o$os (os (-n#os si1ni5ica#ivos

43

44

45



nor-a(-n# s's#an#ivos o a$)#ivos ' 5or-an ar# $( #!#'(o $ $oc'-n#os o5icia(s o

&is#;ricos8, o /in (os -is-os (-n#os si1ni5ica#ivos $ (os #!#'(os $ #3#os o $oc'-n#os $

car%c#r (1a( o )'r!$ico Sin -/ar1o, s 3c#<an (os #!#'(os ' cons#i#'0n 'na $scrici;n

$-asia$o 3#nsa n #a( caso so(o ir!a n -a0<sc'(a ( ri-r (-n#o 0 (as -ncions 1n6ricas o

ana5;ricas $ (as (0s a'n' no (as a/rvia$as

4=

En (!na -'0 si-i(ar, ( Diccionario panhisp$nico rscri/ (a -a0<sc'(a ara 7(os s's#an#ivos 0 a$)#ivos ' 5or-an ar# $( no-/r $

$oc'-n#os o5icia(s, co-o (0s o $cr#os, c'an$o s ci#a ( no-/r o5icia( co-(#o: Real Decreto

4567489: ro el citado real decreto, Le. para la #rdenación (eneral del ;istema Educativo ro la

le. de educación, la le. s$lica, #c8 4>

En ca-/io, (as Dirc#rics arcn sr -nos roc(ivs a( 'so $ (a -a0<sc'(a n s#as si#'acions S'

a6n$ic a, #ras s#a/(cr ' 7E( 'so $ (as -a0<sc'(as $/r% rs#rin1irs (o -%3i-o osi/(8,

s#a/(c ' ( #io $ $isosici;n so(o ((var% -a0<sc'(a inicia( c'an$o s#a s ci# co-o #a( 0 con s'$no-inaci;n o5icia( co-(#a o a/rvia$a aar#a$os + 0 . $( a6n$ic A con#in'aci;n, $ison n

s' aar#a$o 2: 7Co-o r1(a 1nra(, s roon ' (os #!#'(os $ (as $is#in#as $isosicions s

scri/an n -in<sc'(a, a'n' s a$-i#ir%n 3ccions c'an$o s va(or (a 3is#ncia $ (as

si1'in#s circ'ns#ancias:

+^ Brv 3#nsi;n $( #!#'(o L0 +>.+, $ > $ $ici-/r, $ Marcas

.^ R1'(aci;n co-(#a $ (a -a#ria L0 +4+@=, $ .9 $ a/ri(, Gnra( $ Sani$a$

2^ R1'(aci;n $ ;r1anos cons#i#'ciona(s 0 1ran$s r5rn#s (1is(a#ivos $(

or$na-in#o L0 Or1%nica =+@9, $ + $ )'(io, $( Po$r J'$icia( L0 Or1%nica 9+@9,

$ + $ )'(io, $ R61i-n E(c#ora( Gnra( L0 =+>, $ +4 $ a/ri(, $ Or1ani"aci;n 0

F'nciona-in#o $ (a A$-inis#raci;n Gnra( $( Es#a$o8

$ Las r5rncias a (as $is#in#as ra-as o sc#ors $( $rc&o $/n scri/irs con

-in<sc'(a, #an#o si nos r5ri-os a (as ra-as $( or$na-in#o, co-o c'an$o (o&ac-os a (as corrson$in#s $isci(inas cin#!5icas, a'n' s '#i(i"ar% (a-a0<sc'(a c'an$o s r5iran a no-/rs $ -a#rias o asi1na#'ras concr#as 4@

46

47



En 5in, or crrar s# aar#a$o, $/ a'n#ars (a r5rncia 1nra( or (a -in<sc'(a, sa(vo

c'an$o c(ara-n# s #ra# $ no-/rs roios: n (a $'$a, -in<sc'(a

Para crrar ( aar#a$o $ (a or#o1ra5!a a'n' o$r!a-os onr /as#an#s )-(os -%s &a0' $s#acar ' 3is#n, -%s a((% $( %-/i#o $ (as -a0<sc'(as, o#ras $iscrancias n#r (os ar%-#ros ' rco-in$a (a Aca$-ia ara scri/ir a(1'nas a(a/ras 0 (os '#i(i"a$os or (as roias nor-as, inc('0n$o a (a nor-a s'r-a As!, -in#ras ' (a Cons#i#'ci;n saHo(ascri/ 7Dcr#os*(0s8 ar# @= ( Diccionario panhisp$nico r5()a (a scri#'ra 7$cr#o (0dDisosici;n (1is(a#iva ro-'(1a$a or ( )c'#ivo sin &a/r(a so-#i$o a( ;r1anocorrson$in#e S rco-in$a s' scri#'ra sin 1'ion 1'ion. o 1'i;n, ++.a S' ('ra( s$cr#os (0s ('ra(, .484

= EL L\[ICO JUR_DICO

S'( $s#acars co-o carac#r!s#ica $( (n1'a) )'r!$ico ( a(#o 1ra$o $ scia(i"aci;n #6cnica

$( (63ico '#i(i"a$o La ro5'si;n $ #6r-inos sc!5icos, si /in co-<n a /'na ar# $ (as

$isci(inas cin#!5icas, s ar#ic'(ar-n# arcia/( n ( caso $( $rc&o, 0 (an#a n n's#ro %-/i#o

ro/(-as sc!5icos, 0a ' co-o a'n#%/a-os a( rinciio $ s# #ra/a)o, ( (n1'a) nor-a#ivo 0

#a-/i6n ( (n1'a) )'$icia(, 0 n cir#o -o$o #o$o ( (n1'a) )'r!$ico no #in co-o $s#ina#arios a

(os roios scia(is#as n (a -a#ria, sino a #o$os (os ci'$a$anos Tan ac'sa$a s s#a carac#r!s#ica,

' a(1<n a'#or &a &a/(a$o $ ' ( s#'$io $( $rc&o 7s &ac n 'n i$io-a 3#ran)ro8 9 Ds$

('1o, $ic&a a5ir-aci;n &a $ n#n$rs n sn#i$o 5i1'ra$o, a'n' (a ro5'si;n $ #6r-inos 0

3rsions (a#inos o$r!a ((1ar a 1nrar $'$as a 'n ro5ano 9+ En #o$o caso, s o/vio ' no #o$os

(os #6r-inos $( (63ico )'r!$ico son sc!5icos, ro #a-/i6n (o s ' no so(o s#os #6r-inos 1nran

$i5ic'(#a$s o ro/(-as $s$ ( 'n#o $ vis#a $ (a c(ari$a$, (a rcisi;n 0 (a co-rnsi/i(i$a$ En

s# con#3#o, 0 con car%c#r 1nra(, s i-or#an# consi$rar (a in$icaci;n con#ni$a n (a $irc#ri"

+ $ (as Dirc#rics $ #6cnica nor-a#iva, ' $ison: 7S '#i(i"ar% 'n rr#orio (63ico co-<n,

n'nca v'(1ar, 0 s rc'rrir%, c'an$o roc$a, a( -(o $ #6r-inos #6cnicos $o#a$os $ si1ni5ica$o

48

49

50

51



roio n s caso, s aHa$ir%n $scricions ' (os ac(arn 0 s '#i(i"ar%n n #o$o ( $oc'-n#o con

i1'a( sn#i$o8

En ra(i$a$, si s ana(i"a con -%s $#a((, ( (63ico $( (n1'a) )'r!$ico s#% co-'s#o or (os

si1'in#s 1r'os $ #6r-inos, ' &an $ '#i(i"ars con roi$a$ 0 c'an$o roc$a n (a r$acci;n $

(as nor-as:

a T6r-inos 3c('siva o ri-or$ia(-n# )'r!$icos, co-o 7(i#isconsorcio8, 7n5i#'sis8,

75i$ico-iso8, 0 #an#os o#ros / T6r-inos 0 3rsions $( (n1'a) co-<n, ' sin -/ar1o n ( %-/i#o )'r!$ico &an

i$o a$'irin$o 'n sn#i$o rciso 0 sc!5ico, -rc$ a (a in#rr#aci;n ' s &a i$o

&acin$o $ (os -is-os Por )-(o, 7/'na 58, 7$i(i1ncia $ 'n /'n a$r $

5a-i(ia8, 7ris1o r(van#8, 76r$i$a $ oor#'ni$a$8, 7$aHo $sroorciona$o8,

7ra"ona/i(i$a$8 En -'c&os $ s#os casos s #ra#a $ (o ' s &a $a$o n ((a-ar

7conc#os )'r!$icos in$#r-ina$os8, c'0os a-(!si-os r5i(s s van oco a oco

concr#an$o 1racias so/r #o$o a (a )'risr'$ncia Pro n #a(s casos '$ $ars (

caso $ ' ( ci'$a$ano co-<n n#in$ ( conc#o, ro $ 5or-a $i5rn# a co-o (o

&ac ( )'ris#ac T6r-inos ac'Ha$os n o#ras $isci(inas S #ra#a $ #6r-inos sc!5icos $ o#ros

%-/i#os cin#!5icos, ' ( $rc&o incorora, 0 c'0a in#rr#aci;n s#ar% -arca$a,a'n' no ncsaria-n# r$#r-ina$a or co-(#o, or (a ' s ( &a0a $a$o a(

#6r-ino n ( %-/i#o cin#!5ico $ roc$ncia As!, s nc'n#ran #6r-inos $riva$os $

(a cono-!a, co-o 7$65ici# s#r'c#'ra(8 o 7$'$a </(ica8, $ (a in5or-%#ica 0 (as

#(co-'nicacions, co-o 7i$n#i5ica$or $ c($a8, 7DSL8, #c, o $( %-/i#o $ (as

cincias -$ioa-/in#a(s, co-o 7cosis#-a8, 7&%/i#a#8, ' ncon#ra-os n -'c&as

$ (as nor-as $ ro#cci;n $ sacios na#'ra(s, n#r #an#os o#ros )-(os ' ca/r!a

onr

T6r-inos roc$n#s $ o#ras $isci(inas, ' sin -/ar1o s &an 3#n$i$o #an#o n ( (n1'a)

co-<n ' &an a$'iri$o n s# %-/i#o 'n sn#i$o acaso -%s 1n6rico Es# caso s $a -'c&o n (

%-/i#o $ (a Cons#i#'ci;n 0 (os $rc&os 5'n$a-n#a(s, 0 n con#ra $ (o ' '$ arcr, (an#a

no ocos ro/(-as 0 $i5ic'(#a$s in#rr#a#ivos, or' (os #6r-inos #inn rvia-n# 'n sn#i$o

n (a cincia $ (a ' roc$n nor-a(-n# (a 5i(oso5!a o (a cincia o(!#ica, ro #a-/i6n &an



a$'iri$o 'n si1ni5ica$o co-<n En ra(i$a$, (a 7(n1'a $ (os $rc&os8 $ (a ' &a/(a/a Garc!a $

En#rr!a, #in s' ori1n r;3i-o n (a Rvo('ci;n Francsa, -o-n#o n ( ', co-o n #o$a

rvo('ci;n, (os ca-/ios o(!#icos arras#ran 'n ca-/io (63ico9. Ds$ n#oncs, 'na (ar1a vo('ci;n &a

i$o $o#an$o a sos #6r-inos $ si1ni5ica$o )'r!$ico a$-%s $ o(!#ico, 0 as! ca$a 7n'vo $rc&o8 '

s rconoc ncsi#a si-r 'na rcisi;n $ s' si1ni5ica$o, in#rr#aci;n 0 consc'ncias )'r!$icasP'$ ' n cir#o -o$o (a in#rr#aci;n )'r!$ica r-i#a &a((ar 'n sn#i$o $i5rn# a o#ros '

#'vira ( #6r-ino, ro #a( $i5rncia no $/r!a sr #an ac'sa$a ' ( ci'$a$ano #r-in or n#n$r

( #6r-ino $ 5or-a -'0 $i5rn# a( )'ris#a Es s# 'no $ (os 7$ra-as8 $( (n1'a) )'r!$ico*

cons#i#'ciona(, ' &a $ rcisar ( sn#i$o $ #6r-inos co-o 7$i1ni$a$8, 7(i/r#a$8, 7i1'a($a$8, o

7Es#a$o socia( 0 $-ocr%#ico $ $rc&o8

Por <(#i-o, &a0 ' $s#acar (a ro5'si;n $ '5-is-os ' n ocasions i-(ican (a '#i(i"aci;n $

r!5rasis (in1?!s#ica-n# inncsarias, ara ('$ir (as corrson$in#s a(a/ras #a/< Es s#a 'nacarac#r!s#ica ' ( (n1'a) )'r!$ico co-ar# con ( ((a-a$o 7(n1'a) o(!#ica-n# corrc#o8,

co-<n n (a -a0or ar# $( $/a# </(ico As!, s &a/i#'a( (a '#i(i"aci;n $ #6r-inos o 3rsions

co-o 7$s-(o8, 7in#rr'ci;n $( -/ara"o8, 7cn#ro ni#nciario8, 7#rcra $a$8 o 7rsonas

-a0ors8, 7rsi$ncia ara (a #rcra $a$8, n ('1ar $ s's 'iva(n#s 7aro8, 7a/or#o8, 7risi;n8 o

7c%rc(8, 7vi)os8 o 7ancianos8, 7asi(o8, or $s#acar 'nos ocos )-(os n#r #an#os 3is#n#s

En ra(i$a$, s#os '5-is-os ca$a v" s 3#in$n -%s &as#a asar a( (n1'a) co-<n, #n$in$o a

$s(a"ar #a-/i6n n s# %-/i#o O#ras vcs son '5-is-os -%s sc!5ica-n# o(!#icos 0

nor-a#ivos, co-o 7-$i$as co-(-n#arias ara (a a(icaci;n $( (an $ 1aran#!as $ (os srvicios

socia(s /%sicos8 ara r5rirs -%s o -nos a 7a)'s#s n &orarios 0 r#ri/'cions8 Ta-/i6n s $an

casos n (os ' a(1'nos '5-is-os con ( #i-o asan a convr#irs n a(a/ras #a/< As!, n's#ra

Cons#i#'ci;n si1' i-onin$o n ( ar#!c'(o 4 'na o(!#ica $ ro#cci;n $ (os 7$is-in'i$os 5!sicos,

snsoria(s 0 s!'icos8 92, 3rsi;n ' &o0 s#% #o#a(-n# rra$ica$a $( (n1'a) </(ico 0

)'r!$ico M%s #ar$ arciron i-(an#ars (os #6r-inos 7-in'sv%(i$o8 0 7-in'sva(!a8, ' 5'ron

#a-/i6n s's#i#'i$os n ( (n1'a) $ (as nor-as or 7$iscaaci#a$o8 0 7$iscaaci$a$8 94 S #ra#; $

52

53

54



'na -o$i5icaci;n (1a( ' -%s #ar$ arc &a/r i-(ica$o consc'ncias n ( roio Diccionario99) Sin -/ar1o, n ( (n1'a) nor-a#ivo ( ri-ro $ (os #6r-inos arc &a/rs vis#o 5ina(-n#

$s(a"a$o or (a r!5rasis 7rsona con $iscaaci$a$8 A'n as!, a(1'nas rsonas consi$ran '

s#as 3rsions si1'n rs'(#an$o ina$c'a$as, 0 r5irn -(ar n s' ('1ar 'na r!5rasis a<n -%s

(ar1a co-o 7rsonas con caaci$a$s $i5rn#s8, o 7con caaci$a$s scia(s8, 3rsions ' sin-/ar1o s#%n $sacons)a$as or $is#in#as 5'n#s 9=

> LA SEM`NTICA DEL LENGUAJE NORMATIVO EL PROBLEMA DE LA AMBIGfEDAD

Las an#riors consi$racions nos in#ro$'cn $irc#a-n# n (a c's#i;n $( si1ni5ica$o $ (os

#6r-inos 0 n'ncia$os '#i(i"a$os n ( (n1'a) )'r!$ico, (o ' nos con$'c a (a s-%n#ica $( (n1'a)

$ (as nor-as En ra(i$a$, #o$as s#as c's#ions son a/or$a$as or (a in#rr#aci;n )'r!$ica, 0 no s

osi/( ro5'n$i"ar n s' nor- co-()i$a$ n 'n #ra/a)o $ s#as carac#r!s#icas Por ((o -

(i-i#ar6 a a'n#ar ' (as carac#r!s#icas $ (a o(is-ia 0 (a a-/i1?$a$ son n a(1'na -$i$a

cons's#ancia(s a #o$o (n1'a), (o ' cons#i#'0 'n ro/(-a c'(iar ara ( (n1'a) nor-a#ivo, n

( c'a(, co-o &-os ri#ra$o, (a c(ari$a$ 0 (a cr#"a $/n sr c'a(i$a$s 1nra(-n# rsn#s En

(a #or!a $( $rc&o s -'0 conoci$o ( a$a1io in claris non fit interpretatio, ro ar# $ (a $oc#rina

&a c's#iona$o ( sn#i$o $( -is-o, 's or 'n (a$o, or snci((a ' sa (a (a/or in#rr#a#iva, (a

-is-a si-r sr% i-rscin$i/( ara conocr ( si1ni5ica$o $ 'n n'ncia$o, 0 or o#ro, arc

ra(-n# $i5!ci( ncon#rar n'ncia$os #an c(aros ' no r'iran -%s ' s' (c#'ra ara o/#nr $

5or-a vi$n# ( <nico si1ni5ica$o osi/( 9>

Lo ' a'! -%s - in#rsa s $s#acar ', n 1nra(, 'in r$ac# 'na nor-a $/ vi#ar n (o

osi/( (a a-/i1?$a$, ' '$ sr s-%n#ica 0 sin#%c#ica, s $cir, no so(o s ro$'c or (a

o(is-ia o 1nra(i$a$ $ a(1'nos #6r-inos, sino #a-/i6n or (a $ (os n'ncia$os, -'c&as vcs

1nra$a or 'na r$acci;n ina$c'a$a n ( %-/i#o )'r!$ico

55

56

57



Sin r)'icio $ (o an#rior, &a $ rconocrs ' n a(1'nos casos cir#o 1ra$o $ a-/i1?$a$ o

inconcrci;n '$ rs'(#ar inc('so convnin# En ra(i$a$, s1<n ( ran1o $ (a nor-a (a

a-/i1?$a$ 7a$c'a$a8 &a/r% $ sr -a0or o -nor as!:

La Cons#i#'ci;n -'c&as vcs r5()a 'na a-/i1?$a$ /'sca$a, ' no so(o s n ocasions

ncsaria ara a(can"ar cir#os consnsos, sino ' rs'(#a a$-%s osi#iva ara ' ( (1is(a$or

no #r-in or sr 'n -ro )c'#or $ (a nor-a 5'n$a-n#a(, sino ' -an#n1a 'n ra"ona/(

-ar1n $ ac#'aci;n n s' ro$'cci;n nor-a#iva E((o s #a-/i6n 'n 5ac#or c(av ara (a

rvivncia n ( #i-o $ (os roios #3#os cons#i#'ciona(s 0 n scia( $ (as $c(aracions

$ $rc&os, ' $ o#ro -o$o #n$r%n -%s $i5!ci( s' a$a#aci;n a 5'#'ras circ'ns#ancias 0

r'rir%n r5or-as $-asia$o 5rc'n#s Por ((o S&ir(0 M K'5s#$(r ca(i5ica/a (os #6r-inos

$ (a $c(araci;n $ $rc&os $ 71(oriosas a-/i1?$a$s8 9@ a Las (0s, #o$a v" ' $/n con#nr (a r1'(aci;n 1nra( $ 'n asc#o o c's#i;n, #n$r%n

#a-/i6n cir#o 1ra$o $ 1nra(i$a$, ro n s# caso s $/ vi#ar n (o osi/( (a a-/i1?$a$

To$o ((o con ( o/)#ivo $ cons1'ir (a -%3i-a c(ari$a$ 0 co-rnsi/i(i$a$ $ (os #3#os

(1a(s Para ((o s 5rc'n# ' (as roias nor-as (1a(s con#n1an 'n (is#a$o $

$5inicions, ' rcisan, a (os 5c#os $ (a roia (0, ( sn#i$o ' s va a $ar a $#r-ina$os

#6r-inos Es#a r%c#ica rs'(#a <#i( 0a ', co-o & a'n#a$o an#rior-n#, n ocasions (

(63ico $ (as nor-as incorora #6r-inos roc$n#s $ o#ras $isci(inas cin#!5icas, o /in $(

(n1'a) co-<n, ro con 'n sn#i$o rciso 0 sc!5ico n s $#r-ina$o con#3#o nor-a#ivo

Vinc'(a$a a s#a c's#i;n s#% (a $ (a '#i(i"aci;n $ conc#os )'r!$icos in$#r-ina$os, r%c#ica

r(a#iva-n# 5rc'n# n (as nor-as con ran1o $ (0 Co-o &-os vis#o, s#os conc#os

(an#an ro/(-as in#rr#a#ivos, ' s s'(n ir so(vn#an$o -$ian# (a in#rr#aci;n

)'$icia(, $ -anra n )-(os co-o (os 0a ci#a$os /'na 5, $i(i1ncia $ 'n /'n a$r $

5a-i(ia, oco a oco s &an i$o rcisan$o (os r5i(s $( conc#o Sin -/ar1o, s#a

$(ica$a r%c#ica si1' '#i(i"%n$os n (as (0s ac#'a(s, acaso con 3csiva 5rc'ncia,

in#ro$'ci6n$os as! n ( or$na-in#o conc#os ra(-n# a/ir#os 0 va1os, (o ' (an#a

ro/(-as n (a $#r-inaci;n $ s' si1ni5ica$o E((o s ar#ic'(ar-n# ro/(-%#ico n nor-as

' s#a/(cn $/rs 0 o/(i1acions c'0a inconcrci;n (an#a i-or#an#s in#rro1an#s so/r

58



s' sn#i$o 0 5icacia )'r!$ica, as! co-o so/r (os ro/(-as $ s1'ri$a$ )'r!$ica ' (an#ar!a

(a osi/( rs's#a o sanci;n )'r!$ica n caso $ inc'-(i-in#o Un /'n )-(o (o cons#i#'0

(a L0 +.+2, $ $ $ici-/r, $ #ransarncia, accso a (a in5or-aci;n </(ica 0 /'n

1o/irno, ', n#r o#ros rinciios $( /'n 1o/irno, s#a/(c n s' ar#!c'(o .=. a, (os

si1'in#s: 79 Ac#'ar%n con (a $i(i1ncia $/i$a n ( c'-(i-in#o $ s's o/(i1acions 05o-n#ar%n (a ca(i$a$ n (a rs#aci;n $ srvicios </(icos = Man#n$r%n 'na con$'c#a $i1na

0 #ra#ar%n a (os ci'$a$anos con s-ra$a corrcci;n8

En 5in, n r(aci;n con (a c's#i;n ana(i"a$a s#% ( #-a $ (a 3#nsi;n rco-n$a/( $ (as

(0s, asc#o ' s (an#a an# (a ca$a v" -%s 5rc'n# ro(i5raci;n $ (0s -'0 3#nsas

0 con 'n s!ri#' r1(a-n#is#a Ds$ ('1o, $a$o ' (a (0 s o/ra $( (1is(a$or, s# no #in

(!-i#s vinc'(an#s si-r ' (a r1'(aci;n aro/a$a s -an#n1a $n#ro $ (os -%r1ns

cons#i#'ciona(s Pro co-o c's#i;n $ #6cnica nor-a#iva, s 5rc'n# ' (os cons)os

cons'(#ivos (an#n (a convnincia $ r$'cir (a 3#nsi;n $ a(1'nos #3#os $ an#ro0c#os

$ (0, c'an$o $ic&a 3#nsi;n rs'(# 3csiva $s$ (a rsc#iva $ (os con#ni$os

rco-n$a/(s n 'na nor-a ', or s' -a0or ran1o 0 scia( roc$i-in#o $ aro/aci;n 0

r5or-a, $/r!a con#nr (a r1'(aci;n 1nra( $ 'n #-a

/ Por <(#i-o, (os r1(a-n#os $/n a/or$ar (a r1'(aci;n -%s 1(o/a( 0 co-(#a $ c'a('ir

sc#or Por ((o $/n '#i(i"ar (os #6r-inos -%s rcisos 0 sc!5icos, in#n#an$o r$'cir (a

a-/i1?$a$ s-%n#ica, sin#%c#ica 0 con#3#'a( a s' -!ni-a 3rsi;n a sa/in$as $ ' s'

$saarici;n #o#a( s i-osi/( A'! (as r%c#icas ci#a$as $ (as $5inicions rvias, as! co-o

(a concisi;n 0 c(ari$a$ $ #o$o ( (n1'a), 0 ( 'so $ #6r-inos rcisos n s' si1ni5ica$o, co/ran

scia( i-or#ancia

@ EL 7ESTILO8 DEL LENGUAJE JUR_DICO

En aar#a$os an#riors & ((va$o a ca/o 'n /rv raso $ (os rincia(s ro/(-as $( (n1'a)

nor-a#ivo n r(aci;n con (as $ivrsas ra-as $ (a (in1?!s#ica A&ora - (i-i#ar6 a (an#ar c'%(s

$/n sr (as a'#as 1nra(s $ (o ' o$r!a-os $no-inar 7s#i(o8 $( (n1'a) nor-a#ivo, 0 or



3#nsi;n $( (n1'a) )'r!$ico, 0 c'%(s son a(1'nos $ (os 7vicios8 -%s co-'ns n s# %-/i#o

1nra(, ' i-i$n a(can"ar sas carac#r!s#icas 1nra(s $ s#i(o

Po$-os ar#ir 'na v" -%s $ (a Dirc#ri" ++, ' in$ica ' (as nor-as 7$/n r$ac#ars n 'n

niv( $ (n1'a c'(#o, ro accsi/( ara ( ci'$a$ano -$io, -anra c(ara, rcisa 0 snci((a8 'n

oco -%s a$(an# aHa$: 7E( $coro (in1?!s#ico $ (as nor-as )'r!$icas o/(i1a, $n#ro $ (a snci((", a

c'i$ar (a roi$a$ 0 a &'ir $ (a o/r"a $ 3rsi;n8

Las a'#as 1nra(s, a a(1'nas $ (as c'a(s 0a nos &-os r5ri$o ri#ra$a-n#, sr!an snci((",

rcisi;n, ri1or Ka/r!a ' aHa$ir, co-o &an $s#aca$o a(1'nos a'#ors 9, (a (1ancia, ' co-o n

casi #o$os (os asc#os no va $ (a -ano $( rcar1a-in#o 0 ( /oa#o, sino $ (a roia snci((" Por so ( (n1'a) )'r!$ico $/ &'ir $ sa i$a co-<n, ' a vcs s n'ncia ir;nica-n# 0 '

c'riosa-n# arc insirar $-asia$os #3#os nor-a#ivos 0 )'r!$icos: 70a ' no o$-os sr

ro5'n$os, or (o -nos sa-os con5'sos8 s ' sa (1ancia 3rsiva #in$ a sr a(1o

7na#'ra(8, #in acaso a(1o $ $on, a'n' 0o no cro ' sa n -o$o a(1'no inna#a Lo ' s'c$ s

' s a$'ir $s$ ( -is-o -o-n#o $ (a in5ancia n ' s arn$ a (r 0 a scri/ir, 0 s

c'(#iva $'ran# #o$a (a vi$a Por so, a'n' s#a a'#a arc 3#r-a$a-n# si-(, nor-a(-n#

r'ir, inc('so n 'ins osn 'n niv( (va$o $ corrcci;n (in1?!s#ica, $ 'n s5'r"o or (

s-ro 0 (a '(cri#'$ n (a scri#'ra Por so, n ra(i$a$, rs'(#a $i5!ci( &acr(o 5%ci(, 0 /as#an# 5%ci(

&acr(o $i5!ci( 0 nrvsa$o

* Co-o #o$o s '$ (o1rar si s on ( s'5icin# a5%n, convin a'n#ar a(1'nas r%c#icas '$/n rra$icars ara (o1rar s s#i(o corrc#o n ( (n1'a) )'r!$ico = a &-os a'n#a$o(as rco-n$acions r(a#ivas a vi#ar ( 3cso $ roosicions s'/or$ina$as, 0 n 1nra( (as5rass -'0 3#nsas 0 rcar1a$as $ n'-rosos incisos, as! co-o (a r5rncia $ (a vo" ac#iva or (a asiva =+ A&ora, a #!#'(o $ -'s#ra, ca/ aHa$ir a(1'nas o#ras r%c#icas ' convinvi#ar: E( a/'so $ circ'n(o'ios 0 r!5rasis, ' sin $'$a $i5ic'(#a (a snci((" 0 (1ancia $(as ' vni-os &a/(an$o

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60

61



* La ri#raci;n n ( 'so $ 1r'n$ios, ' n -'c&os casos rs'(#an inncsarios 0 #in$n aco-(icar ( 'so $( (n1'a), n (a -$i$a n ' $i5ic'(#an ( s#i(o -%s $irc#o

* La ri#raci;n $ (os a$vr/ios #r-ina$os n 7*-n#8, ' &ac (os scri#os -%s #$iosos 0-nos (1an#s, as! co-o (a ri#raci;n $ !##os $ si1ni5ica$o si-i(ar

E( 7-is-is-o8, s $cir, ( a/'so $ 3rsions co-o 7( -is-o8 0 $riva$os, c'an$o rs'(#ainncsario Es#a consi$ra$o ( so(cis-o -%s 3#n$i$o $( (n1'a) )'r!$ico*a$-inis#ra#ivo=.La '#i(i"aci;n $ 3rsions rr;nas -'0 3#n$i$as, co-o 7n r(aci;n a8 n ('1ar $ 7nr(aci;n con8 =2, 7as! -is-o8 con ( sn#i$o $ 7#a-/i6n8 s acons)a/( '#i(i"ar n #a( caso7asi-is-o8 =4, o 7co-o 'ira '8 n (os casos n (os ' roc$ 7co-o'ira '8 =9

Por <(#i-o, ca/ a'n#ar 'na /rv r5(3i;n so/r (a sinoni-ia n ( (n1'a) )'r!$ico En

rinciio, (a '#i(i"aci;n $ sin;ni-os nri'c ( (n1'a) 0 vi#a ' s# s v'(va #$ioso 0

ri#ra#ivo Pro cir#a-n#, n ( %-/i#o )'r!$ico s rc'rso $/ sr -%s ca'#(oso, $a$o ' no

si-r (as a(a/ras ' son sin;ni-as n ( (n1'a) co-<n, (o son 3ac#a-n# i1'a( n s# %-/i#o

scia(i"a$o La rcisi;n 0 ( ri1or, i-rscin$i/(s n ( (n1'a) )'r!$ico, $i5ic'(#an ( 'so $

sin;ni-os n a'((os casos n (os ' (a a(a/ra (1i$a #in a(1<n #io $ -a#i" $i5rn#, ' '$

no rs'(#ar a$c'a$o Sin -/ar1o, c'an$o sa osi/( 0 no o/s#ac'(ic (a rcisi;n $( -nsa), $s$

('1o rs'(#a r5c#a-n# a$-isi/( (a '#i(i"aci;n $ (a sinoni-ia, ' '$ a(iviar n a(1o (

car%c#r /as#an# ri#ra#ivo ' s'( #nr ( (n1'a) )'r!$ico Con #o$o, cro ' s#a i$a $/

-a#i"ars s1<n ( #io $ #3#o )'r!$ico a( ' 'ra-os a(icar(a En ( caso $ (os #3#os nor-a#ivos,

( ri1or 0 'na cir#a so(-ni$a$ '$n &acr #o$av!a -%s $sacons)a/( (a '#i(i"aci;n $ sin;ni-os,

a( -nos c'an$o s #ra#a $ r5rirs a nor-as o a conc#os )'r!$icos -'0 rcisos En ca-/io, n (as

rso('cions )'$icia(s o (os $ic#%-ns $ (os ;r1anos cons'(#ivos, 0 -'0 scia(-n# n ( (n1'a)

)'r!$ico $oc#rina(, ( %-/i#o $ (a sinoni-ia sr% &a/i#'a(-n# -a0or, $ -anra ' ( rc'rso a (a

-is-a '$ con -%s 5rc'ncia rs'(#ar osi#ivo Co-o )-(o, ca/ rcor$ar ' (a $irc#ri" >. $

(as Dirc#rics $ #6cnica nor-a#iva $ison ': 7La ci#a $ (a Cons#i#'ci;n $/ ra(i"ars si-r

or s' no-/r, Cons#i#'ci;n EsaHo(a, 0 no or sin;ni-os #a(s co-o Nor-a S'r-aQ, Nor-a

62

63

64

65



F'n$a-n#a(Q, C;$i1o Po(!#icoQ, #c8 Es# cri#rio, ' arc n (!nas 1nra(s corrc#o c'an$o

s a(ica a (as nor-as, s#ar!a a -i )'icio 5'ra $ ('1ar si s r#n$is a(icar a (os #3#os

$oc#rina(s: arc r#nsi;n in<#i( $ir( a 'n cons#i#'ciona(is#a ' no '#i(ic n'nca n s's scri#os

sos sin;ni-os ' sin -/ar1o cro -%s a$c'a$o scri/ir con -in<sc'(a

UI\N DA LAS PAUTAS DEL LENGUAJE CORRECTO

En ra(i$a$, 0a & a/or$a$o n ar# s#a c's#i;n a (o (ar1o $ #o$o s# #ra/a)o, 's co-o &-os

vis#o &a0 casos n (os ', a( -nos aarn#-n#, 3is#n $iscrancias n#r (as a'#as $a$as or (a

Ra( Aca$-ia EsaHo(a 0 (as ' $rivan $ (os roios #3#os nor-a#ivos o )'r!$icos Ca/r!a

n#oncs r1'n#ars: 'i6n $/ r1'(ar ( corrc#o 'so $( (n1'a), (a Aca$-ia o (os ;r1anos '

&a/i#'a(-n# #inn co-#ncia ara (a -anaci;n $ nor-as or o#ro (a$o, son (os (in1?is#as o

(os )'ris#as 'ins $/n s#a/(cr (os cri#rios $ corrcci;n $( (n1'a) )'r!$ico

En c'an#o a (o ri-ro, ca/r!a ar1'-n#ar ' (os ;r1anos ' 5or-an ar# $( o$r (1is(a#ivo 0

$( o$r )c'#ivo, $a$o ' #inn (1i#i-i$a$ $-ocr%#ica $irc#a n ( ri-r caso o in$irc#a n

( s1'n$o ara aro/ar nor-as $ car%c#r 1nra( ' r1'(n (os $ivrsos sc#ors $ (a vi$a socia(,

o$r!an #nr(a ara (a r1'(aci;n $( (n1'a), o a( -nos n (a ar# r(a#iva a (as a'#as $

corrcci;n $( (n1'a) ' $/n s1'ir (as roias nor-as Esc!5ica-n#, n (o r(a#ivo a (as

nor-as c'0a r$acci;n corrson$ a (a A$-inis#raci;n, ca/ n#n$r ' (os ;r1anos co-#n#s

$( Go/irno '$n s#a/(cr sas a'#as, $ a(canc in#rno, $( -is-o -o$o ' s '$n 1nrar

#o$o #io $ $isosicions ad intra $ o/(i1a$o c'-(i-in#o En ca-/io, (a Ra( Aca$-ia $ (a

Ln1'a #in, co-o #o$as (as ra(s aca$-ias, o#ra 5or-a $ (cci;n $ s's -i-/ros, ' no (s

o#or1a nin1'na rrsn#a#ivi$a$ ni (1i#i-i$a$ $-ocr%#ica, 0a ' /%sica-n# s's in#1ran#s son

(1i$os or (os roios aca$6-icos $ n<-ro

Acaso a'! (a rs's#a sa $i5rn# $s$ (a rsc#iva roia-n# )'r!$ica 0 $s$ (a $ '

rs'(#a a$c'a$o o $sa/( ara ( corrc#o 'so $( i$io-a 0 (a r(aci;n n#r (as ins#i#'cions Ds$

('1o, ( (1is(a$or, ( Go/irno 0 (a A$-inis#raci;n, ca$a 'no $n#ro $ s' %-/i#o co-#ncia(,

#inn (na (1i#i-i$a$ ara aro/ar nor-as ' n rinciio '$n r5rirs a #o$as (as c's#ions,



sin ' #n1a or '6 '$ar 3c('i$o ( 'so $ 'n i$io-a A&ora /in, si s #ra#a $ nor-as $ a(canc

1nra(, &a0 ' #nr n c'n#a ' s#as o$r!an c&ocar con o#ros rinciios, inc('so $ ran1o

cons#i#'ciona( co-o s ( (i/r $sarro((o $ (a rsona(i$a$ 0 ( roio va(or (i/r#a$ Por ((o (

%-/i#o $ (o ' or s#a v!a '$ i-onrs a (os ci'$a$anos s vr!a -'0 no#oria-n# rs#rin1i$o,

's rs'(#a $i5!ci( ncon#rar o#ro rinciio c'0o so '$a rva(cr so/r (os -nciona$os n s#caso concr#o O#ra si#'aci;n s (a $ (o ' o$r!a-os $no-inar nor-as o r1(as in#rnas, ' (

Go/irno 0 (a A$-inis#raci;n '$n aro/ar ara r1'(ar s' or1ani"aci;n 0 5'nciona-in#o in#rno, 0

' n rinciio '$n inc('ir c's#ions r(a#ivas a( 'so $( (n1'a) Sin -/ar1o, rcisa-n# n

s# %-/i#o s (an#a $ 5or-a -%s vi$n# ( osi/( con5(ic#o n#r sas r1(as 0 (as ' s#a/(c

con car%c#r 1nra( (a Aca$-ia

En ra(i$a$, cro ' $/ sr o#ra (a (;1ica a$c'a$a ara a5ron#ar (a c's#i;n C'an$o &a/(a-os

$ (as a'#as $ corrcci;n $ (a (n1'a no nos r5ri-os n nin1<n caso a nor-as )'r!$icas '

vinc'(n a ci'$a$anos n s' 'so $( (n1'a) ora( o scri#o, 0 ro/a/(-n# #a-oco a (a

A$-inis#raci;n n #6r-inos s#ric#a-n# )'r!$icos 0a ' no s'( s#a/(crs sanci;n o rs's#a

)'r!$ica ara ( caso $ inc'-(i-in#o sino $ cri#rios so/r ( 'so corrc#o $( i$io-a P's /in, (a

Aca$-ia naci; rcisa-n# con sa 5ina(i$a$ &ac a&ora #rs si1(os, 0 s, co-o (as $-%s ra(s

aca$-ias, 'na cororaci;n sc#oria( $ Drc&o P</(ico ==, c'0os Es#a#'#os s#%n ac#'a(-n#

aro/a$os or Ra( Dcr#o +++2, $ $ )'(io =>

S' ar#!c'(o I roc(a-a:

7La Aca$-ia s 'na ins#i#'ci;n con rsona(i$a$ )'r!$ica roia ' #in co-o -isi;n rincia(

v(ar or' (os ca-/ios ' 3ri-n# (a (n1'a saHo(a n s' cons#an# a$a#aci;n a (as

ncsi$a$s $ s's &a/(an#s no 'i/rn (a sncia( 'ni$a$ ' -an#in n #o$o ( %-/i#o &is%nico

D/ c'i$ar i1'a(-n# $ ' s#a vo('ci;n consrv ( 1nio roio $ (a (n1'a, #a( co-o s# &a

i$o conso(i$%n$os con ( corrr $ (os si1(os, as! co-o $ s#a/(cr 0 $i5'n$ir (os cri#rios $

roi$a$ 0 corrcci;n, 0 $ con#ri/'ir a s' s(n$or Para a(can"ar $ic&os 5ins, s#'$iar% i-'(sar%

(os s#'$ios so/r (a &is#oria 0 so/r ( rsn# $( saHo(, $iv'(1ar% (os scri#os (i#rarios,scia(-n# c(%sicos, 0 no (i#rarios ' )'"1' i-or#an#s ara ( conoci-in#o $ #a(s c's#ions,

0 roc'rar% -an#nr vivo ( rc'r$o $ 'ins, n EsaHa o n A-6rica, &an c'(#iva$o con 1(oria

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n's#ra (n1'a Co-o -i-/ro $ (a Asociaci;n $ Aca$-ias $ (a Ln1'a EsaHo(a, -an#n$r%

scia( r(aci;n con (as aca$-ias corrson$in#s 0 asocia$as8

Por #an#o, (a Aca$-ia #in (na (1i#i-i$a$ ara ((var a ca/o rcisa-n# (a -isi;n ara (a '

5' cra$a, s#a/(cin$o (as a'#as $ 'so corrc#o $( i$io-a, inc('0n$o #o$os (os %-/i#os $ s' 'so

Con #o$o, ca/ (an#ars si s#a a5ir-aci;n, a(ica/( a( (n1'a) n 1nra(, '$ #nr a(1<n -a#i"

n (o r(a#ivo a( (n1'a) )'r!$ico, 0 n scia( a( (n1'a) nor-a#ivo En c'an#o a( (n1'a) )'r!$ico

n 1nra( n ar#ic'(ar ( )'$icia( o ( $oc#rina(, &a0 ' ar#ir $ ' s# no '$ sr 'na )r1a

$s#ina$a a (a co-'nicaci;n n#r scia(is#as r#ncin#s a 'n co(c#ivo $#r-ina$o, sino '

$/ rs'(#ar, n (a -a0or -$i$a osi/(, 1nra(-n# co-rnsi/( Por ((o, -%s a((% $ (as

scia(i$a$s $ s' (63ico 0 o#ras ' &-os i$o a'n#an$o, no sr!a a$-isi/( ' s# #io $

(n1'a) s#'vira r1i$o or r1(as $i5rn#s a( (n1'a) n 1nra(

En c'an#o a( (n1'a) nor-a#ivo n sn#i$o roio, ( cri#rio $ ' s's $s#ina#arios son (os

ci'$a$anos n 1nra( ac#<a $ -anra ar#ic'(ar-n# in#nsa co-o 0a &-os vis#o, 0 or #an#o ca/

n (!nas 1nra(s a(icar ( -is-o cri#rio Con #o$o, n s# %-/i#o sc!5ico si 3is#n cir#as

r1(as ' a5c#an a( rocso $ (a/oraci;n $ nor-as, 0 or #an#o a s' r$acci;n O/via-n#, no s

#ra#a $ nor-as $ a(canc 1nra(, sino $ r1(as $iri1i$as a( %-/i#o a$-inis#ra#ivo in#rno Por ((oca/ (an#ars si ( Go/irno 0 (a A$-inis#raci;n o, ((1a$o ( caso, ( (1is(a$or '$n $ar a'#as

$ o/(i1a$o c'-(i-in#o ', n caso $ con5(ic#o, $/an rva(cr so/r (as a'#as 1nra(s ' $a

(a Aca$-ia

En ra(i$a$ a s# 5in arcn srvir (as Dirc#rics $ #6cnica nor-a#iva n s' aar#a$o (in1?!s#ico,

' co-o 0a s a'n#; 5'ron aro/a$as or Ac'r$o $( Cons)o $ Minis#ros Sin $'$a s#as

Dirc#rics #inn (na )'s#i5icaci;n, 0 &an s''s#o 'n avanc -'0 no#a/( n (a roc'aci;n or (a

corrcci;n $( (n1'a) $ (as nor-as Tinn n ra(i$a$ $os %-/i#os roios n (os ' '$n

$s-Har 'n a( -'0 osi#ivo: or 'n (a$o, ( $ (a roia a(icaci;n $ (as a'#as ' (a

Aca$-ia $a ara ( 'so $( (n1'a), a( %-/i#o $( (n1'a) nor-a#ivo, sin con#ra$cir (os roios

cri#rios aca$6-icos Por o#ro, ( s#a/(ci-in#o $ r1(as $ s#i(o sc!5icas $( (n1'a) nor-a#ivo,

$ cara a 1aran#i"ar s' corrc#o niv(, s' ri1or 0 sri$a$, as! co-o (a s1'ri$a$ )'r!$ica Por (o $-%s,



(as Dirc#rics son co-<n-n# '#i(i"a$as or (os ;r1anos $ (a A$-inis#raci;n ncar1a$os $ r$ac#ar

(as nor-as, as! co-o or ( Cons)o $ Es#a$o 0 (os cons)os cons'(#ivos a'#on;-icos a (a &ora $

v(ar or (a corrcci;n $ s#as

A&ora /in, si s#as Dirc#rics ' o#ras ' &an aro/a$o a(1'nas co-'ni$a$s a'#;no-as 0 o#ras

ins#i#'cions =@ nc'n#ran co-o 5ina(i$a$ rincia( (a a(icaci;n o $sarro((o $ (as a'#as $ (a

Aca$-ia, as! co-o ( s#a/(ci-in#o $ r1(as $ s#i(o, con car%c#r 1nra( no $/r!a ro$'cirs

con5(ic#o n#r 'nas 0 o#ras r1(as, $a$o ' n rinciio son coinci$n#s Pro si #a( con5(ic#o s $ira,

cro ' &a/r!a ' va(orar caso or caso c'%( $/r!a sr ( cri#rio a a(icar Ca/ nsar ' a'#as

-'0 sc!5icas so/r asc#os 5or-a(s $ (as (0s s#a/(ci$as n (as Dirc#rics, '$n a(icars

con r5rncia so/r (as 1nra(s $ (a Aca$-ia, si no 3is# 'na con#ra$icci;n 1rav 0 5ron#a( con

((as = Pro con car%c#r 1nra(, ca/ nsar ' rva(cr!an (as a'#as $ (a Aca$-ia, no so(o or

(a r-isi;n 3rsa $ (a $irc#ri" +. a (as -is-as, sino or ( a( ' ca$a 'no $ (os #3#os

$s-Han En ra(i$a$, (a aro/aci;n $ s#as Dirc#rics 0 o#ro #an#o ca/r!a $cir $ $ivrsos

$oc'-n#os -%s o -nos o5icia(s $ car%c#r si-i(ar #'vo co-o ro;si#o 5'n$a-n#a( ( incn#ivar

( s5'r"o $ 'ins #ra/a)an n (a r$acci;n $ nor-as n (as $is#in#as $n$ncias $ (a

A$-inis#raci;n En cir#a -$i$a son 'n ins#r'-n#o a( srvicio $ (a corrcci;n (in1?!s#ica $(

(n1'a) nor-a#ivo, ro sa corrcci;n (in1?!s#ica vin 5i)a$a or 'in #in o5icia(-n# co-o

5ina(i$a$ ri-or$ia( &acr(o, s $cir, or (a Aca$-ia Las Dirc#rics 5'ncionan as! /%sica-n#co-o 'n rcor$a#orio, a'n' co-o s &a $ic&o '$n #a-/i6n )'1ar 'n a( i-or#an# n

c's#ions ' (as a'#as aca$6-icas $)an a/ir#as, o n asc#os $ s#i(o, n (os ' '$n

s#a/(cr rco-n$acions ' #n$r%n a -)orar (a ca(i$a$ (in1?!s#ica $( (n1'a) nor-a#ivo

En ra(i$a$, ( ar1'-n#o rincia( ara a5ron#ar s#a c's#i;n nac $ (a r(aci;n n#r (n1'a) 0

$rc&o, a (a ' - & r5ri$o a( inicio $ s# #ra/a)o a $i) ' ( (n1'a) s (a 7-a#ria ri-a8

$( $rc&o, ( v&!c'(o sncia( ara ' s# s -a#ria(ic, ro s n cir#o -o$o no $isoni/( ara

( roio $rc&o E( (n1'a), n ra(i$a$, (o &acn 'ins (o &a/(an 0 scri/n, ro co-o s 'nins#r'-n#o $ co-'nicaci;n ' $/ sr co-<n ara #o$os (os ' (o co-ar#n, s &an cra$o

ins#i#'cions ' v(an or' (a (;1ica 0 osi#iva vo('ci;n $( -is-o no $riv n 'na $isrsi;n

68

69



' ( &a1a r$r s a( Las nor-as ' $ic#an (as ins#i#'cions ri1n n 'n Es#a$o, n 'na

Co-'ni$a$ A'#;no-a o n 'n %-/i#o #rri#oria( $#r-ina$o E( (n1'a) ri1 n #o$os (os %-/i#os n

(os ' s# s '#i(i"a$o En ( caso $( saHo(, (as a'#as ' $rivan $ (as Dirc#rics 0 $ivrsos

$oc'-n#os o5icia(s #n$r!an va(or ara EsaHa, o inc('so <nica-n# ara (a Co-'ni$a$ A'#;no-a

' (as &a aro/a$o En ca-/io, (as a'#as aca$6-icas, ' co-o 0a s &a a'n#a$o no roc$n so(o$ (a Ra( Aca$-ia EsaHo(a, sino ' son o/ra co-<n $ #o$as (as aca$-ias $ ( (n1'a saHo(a

$ A-6rica 0 Fi(iinas, a #rav6s $ (a Asociaci;n $ Aca$-ias $ (a Ln1'a EsaHo(a, #inn (na

a(icaci;n ara #o$os (os 's'arios $( i$io-a a'n' co-o 0a s &a $ic&o no #n1an o/via-n#

car%c#r )'r!$ico vinc'(an# Las nor-as )'r!$icas, $s$ ('1o, '$n s#a/(cr c'%( s ( i$io-a

o5icia( $ 'n a!s o co-'ni$a$, (o c'a( #n$r% consc'ncias n c'an#o a (a '#i(i"aci;n $( -is-o n

$ivrsos %-/i#os 0 co-'nicacions n (os ' in#rvn1a 'n o$r </(ico o a'#ori$a$ ro no '$n

$isonr 'ni(a#ra(-n# (os cri#rios $ corrcci;n $ s i$io-a co-ar#i$o or -i((ons $ rsonas

n $cnas $ a!ss

Co-o in$ica ( 0a ci#a$o in5or- $ I1nacio Bos': 7L(a-a (a a#nci;n ( ' san #an#as (as

rsonas ' crn ' (os si1ni5ica$os $ (as a(a/ras s $ci$n n asa-/(as $ no#a/(s, 0 ' s

n1ocian 0 s ro-'(1an co-o (as (0s Parcn nsar ' ( sis#-a (in1?!s#ico s 'na sci $

c;$i1o civi( o $ (a circ'(aci;n: ca$a nor-a #in s' 5c&a ca$a (0 s rvisa, s n1ocia o s n-in$a

n $#r-ina$a ocasi;n, sa (a (cci;n $( in$ica#ivo o $( s'/)'n#ivo, (a osici;n $( a$)#ivo, (aconcor$ancia $ #i-os o (a acci;n c'ar#a $ s# vr/o o a'( s's#an#ivo

Q Na$i ni1a ' (a (n1'a r5(), scia(-n# n s' (63ico, $is#incions $ na#'ra("a socia(,

ro s -'0 $isc'#i/( ' (a vo('ci;n $ s' s#r'c#'ra -or5o(;1ica 0 sin#%c#ica $n$a $ (a

$cisi;n conscin# $ (os &a/(an#s o ' s '$a con#ro(ar con nor-as $ o(!#ica (in1?!s#ica8 >

En s'-a, 3is# (na (1i#i-i$a$ ara ' 1o/irnos 0 a$-inis#racions ar'/n r1(as $

corrcci;n 0 s#i(o $( (n1'a) )'r!$ico 0 nor-a#ivo, ' '$n rs'(#ar inc('so convnin#s 0 -'0

osi#ivas, ro s#ar!a 5'ra $ ('1ar ' $ic&as r1(as rs'(#asn con#ra$ic#orias con (as ' s#a/(cn

con car%c#r 1nra( (as aca$-ias $ (a (n1'a, ' #inn o5icia(-n# rconoci$a co-o -isi;n v(ar

or 'ni$a$ $( i$io-a 0 (a corrcci;n n s' 'so

70



En c'an#o a (a s1'n$a r1'n#a an#s a'n#a$a si son (os (in1?is#as o (os )'ris#as 'ins $/n

s#a/(cr (as a'#as $( (n1'a) )'r!$ico corrc#o, n ra(i$a$ s 'na c's#i;n c'0o (an#a-in#o

carc $ sn#i$o Inc('so si ( (an#a-in#o 5'ra so(a-n# ( $ 'i6ns s#%n -%s c'a(i5ica$os ara

((o, (a r1'n#a no o$r!a #nr 'na <nica rs's#a Ds$ 'no ' o#ro %-/i#o s '$ sr 3r#o n

( (n1'a) )'r!$ico, 0 (o i$a( s ' (a roc'aci;n or s' corrcci;n sa co-ar#i$a Ka0, or s'r#, varios )-(os $ 'na co(a/oraci;n 5r'c#!5ra n#r (os $os %-/i#os, co-o (a rsncia $

)'ris#as n (a Ra( Aca$-ia $ (a Ln1'a, o (a inicia#iva 0 (a co-osici;n $ (a Co-isi;n $

-o$rni"aci;n $( (n1'a) )'r!$ico >+

+ EL CONTROL DEL LENGUAJE JUR_DICO

Co-o s $$'c $ (o an#rior, (as r1(as $ corrcci;n $( (n1'a) no #inn car%c#r )'r!$ico, 0no 3is# or #an#o 'na rs's#a o sanci;n )'r!$ica n caso $ s' inc'-(i-in#o, 0a roc$a s# $

ci'$a$anos, 0a $ 5'ncionarios o car1os </(icos Lo an#rior s a(ica/( con car%c#r 1nra( a(

(n1'a) )'r!$ico, a'n' ca/ a'! (an#ars $os c's#ions: n ri-r ('1ar, si ca/ s#a/(cr a(1<n

#io $ con#ro( n sn#i$o a-(io, n#n$i$o co-o -$i$as ara i-$ir n (o osi/( (as

incorrccions, o ara i-'(sar ( corrc#o 'so $( (n1'a) En s1'n$o ('1ar, si s osi/( ' (a

incorrcci;n (in1?!s#ica $ 'na nor-a '$a #nr consc'ncias so/r s' roia va(i$" 0

con5or-i$a$ con ( or$na-in#o

La ri-ra $ (as c's#ions a'n#a$as o$r!a (an#ars so/r #o$o ( (n1'a) )'r!$ico >., a'n'

a'! - cn#rar6 n ( (n1'a) nor-a#ivo La corrcci;n (in1?!s#ica $( -is-o s'( n1(o/ars n (as

c's#ions $ #6cnica nor-a#iva, c'0a rvisi;n $/ ((vars a ca/o n ri-r ('1ar n (a 5as $

(a/oraci;n $ (as nor-as E3is#n, co-o s sa/i$o, $ivrsos con#ro(s ' s s'on #in$n a

r5ccionar (a ca(i$a$ $ #o$a nor-a, n s's $is#in#as 5ass $ (a/oraci;n En ( caso $ (as nor-as

aro/a$as or (a A$-inis#raci;n o $ (as nor-as con ran1o $ (0 ' #inn s' ori1n n (aA$-inis#raci;n, (a in#rvnci;n $( -inis#rio o cons)r!a co-#n#, -%s (os 1a/in#s )'r!$icos,

-%s vn#'a(-n# (a ar#iciaci;n $ $is#in#os s')#os o co(c#ivos i-(ica$os, o$r!an r$'n$ar n (a

71

72



-)or!a $ #o$os (os asc#os $ (a nor-a, 0 n#r ((os s' ca(i$a$ #6cnica 0 (in1?!s#ica Mnci;n aar#

-rc ( a( $( Cons)o $ Es#a$o o (os cons)os cons'(#ivos a'#on;-icos, c'0o %-/i#o $ con#ro(

s 1(o/a( 0 -'c&o -%s a-(io ' ( ' '$ ra(i"ars a posteriori, inc('0n$o n -'c&os casos

o/srvacions $ -ra r$acci;n, corrccions or#o1r%5icas 0 o#ros asc#os (in1?!s#icos, n 'na 5as

n (a ' (os -is-os $/r!an sr corr1i$os con in$n$ncia $ ', co-o vr-os $s'6s, va0ana #nr n ( 5'#'ro -a0ors o -nors consc'ncias )'r!$icas (a $is#inci;n n#r consi$racions

sncia(s 0 no sncia(s ' &acn a(1'nos cons)os s'( /asars rcisa-n# n sas osi/(s

consc'ncias os#riors

En c'an#o a (a 5as $ #ra-i#aci;n ar(a-n#aria $ (as (0s ' '$ a/arcar #o$o ( rocso n

( caso $ (as ' #in co-o ori1n 'na roosici;n $ (0 $ (as roias c%-aras, #a-/i6n o5rc

$ivrsas osi/i(i$a$s $ corr1ir rrors (in1?!s#icos o $ r$acci;n, -$ian# (a rsn#aci;n $

n-in$as 0 n (as $ivrsas (c#'ras $ s' #ra-i#aci;n ar(a-n#aria>2

Por <(#i-o, 'na v" aro/a$a (a nor-a, (os rrors or#o1r%5icos 0 1ra-a#ica(s son &a/i#'a(-n#

s'sc#i/(s $ corrcci;n -$ian# (a '/(icaci;n $ 'na corrcci;n $ rrors, n (a -$ia n '

s#os rrors no a(#rn ( sn#i$o $( #3#o >4

Por #an#o, ( roc$i-in#o $ aro/aci;n $ (as nor-as o5rc /as#an#s osi/i(i$a$s ara (a

-)ora (in1?!s#ica $ s#os #3#os , sin -/ar1o, s no#orio ' (as incorrccions si1'n sin$o

$-asia$o 5rc'n#s n s# %-/i#o Por ((o ca/ (an#ars '6 -$i$as ca/r!a a$o#ar ara ' (

con#ro( $ (a corrcci;n (in1?!s#ica sa -%s 5ica" 0 consi1a -)ors rs'(#a$os Ds$ ('1o, si (

(n1'a) )'r!$ico s (n1'a), s' arn$i"a) a$c'a$o co-in"a $s$ ( co(1io, 0 or #an#o 'na

-a0or 5or-aci;n (in1?!s#ica $ (os ci'$a$anos r$'n$ar!a n 'na r$acci;n -%s a$c'a$a 0 (1an#

$ #o$os #ios $ #3#os, inc('i$os (os )'r!$icos 0 nor-a#ivos Por #an#o, inci$ir n (a i-or#ancia $ (a

nsHan"a $ (a Ln1'a si-r $ar% /'nos rs'(#a$os sc!5ica-n#, in#ro$'cir (a nsHan"a

$( (n1'a) )'r!$ico n (as 5ac'(#a$s $ $rc&o, 5o-n#an$o a$-%s (a corrc#a r%c#ica $( -is-o,

#n$r!a s1'ra-n# rs'(#a$os osi#ivos a -$io (a"o

73

74



Pro ca/ nsar #a-/i6n n (a a$oci;n $ -$i$as ' inci$an rcisa-n# n ( roc$i-in#o

$ (a/oraci;n $ (as nor-as Cro ' s#as -$i$as o$r!an ir n (a (!na $ 'na rvisi;n (in1?!s#ica

sc!5ica, ' o$r!a i-(an#ars n ca$a -inis#rio o cons)r!a, o si ((o rs'(#a -%s $i5!ci(, n (os

1a/in#s )'r!$icos, 0 n #o$o caso n ( Cons)o $ Es#a$o 0 (os cons)os cons'(#ivos, or 'n (a$o, 0

n s$ $ #ra-i#aci;n ar(a-n#aria, or o#ro No s #ra#ar!a so(o $ ' s#a rvisi;n (in1?!s#ica s osi/i(i# n s#as 5ass, circ'ns#ancia ' 0a s ro$'c n (a ac#'a(i$a$, sino ' s ((v a ca/o $

5or-a sc!5ica 0 or 'na rsona 3r#a n (n1'a) )'r!$ico, 0a sa 'n (in1?is#a (o '

ro/a/(-n# sa r5ri/(, o 'n )'ris#a ' s#6 ra(-n# scia(i"a$o D s#a -anra, (a

rvisi;n (in1?!s#ica 1anar!a ro#a1onis-o a( no ra(i"ars n ( -is-o -o-n#o 0 or (as -is-as

rsonas ' (a rvisi;n roia-n# )'r!$ica a'n' s &a1a n (as -is-as 5ass

En s1'n$o ('1ar, co-o an#s a'n#6, ca/ (an#ars si (os rrors (in1?!s#icos '$n ((1ar a a5c#ar

a (a va(i$" $ 'na nor-a La rs's#a s a5ir-a#iva, a'n' $s$ ('1o sa si#'aci;n sa in5rc'n#

Para ((1ar a s#a conc('si;n &a0 ' consi$rar ' (a a-/i1?$a$, (a con5'si;n o (a 5a(#a $ cr#"a

so/r ( -nsa) ' con#in 'na nor-a, '$n sr consc'ncia $ incorrccions 1ra-a#ica(s

c'an$o #a( incr#i$'-/r o con5'si;n a(can"an 'na in#nsi$a$ $#r-ina$a, '$ ro$'cirs 'na

(si;n $ (a s1'ri$a$ )'r!$ica, ' co-o s sa/i$o s 'n rinciio cons#i#'ciona(-n# rconoci$o n

( ar#!c'(o 2 Por o#ro (a$o, a(1'nos rrors $ r$acci;n o sin#a3is '$n 1nrar ' (

n#n$i-in#o o in#rr#aci;n $ 'na nor-a 1nr con#ra$icci;n con 'na nor-a $ ran1o s'rior ocon o#ros rinciios cons#i#'ciona(s >9 a & a'n#a$o an#rior-n# (a #rascn$ncia ' '$ ((1ar

a #nr (a a'sncia $ 'na co-a o s' co(ocaci;n 'ivoca$a >=

En 5in, 5'ra $ s#os casos n (os ' (a incorrcci;n (in1?!s#ica o (a r$acci;n $5c#'osa '$n $ar

('1ar a (a inva(i$" $ (a nor-a, n (os $-%s s''s#os ( a(ica$or $( $rc&o #n$r% ' in#rr#ar

(a nor-a n 'n sn#i$o con5or- a (as nor-as $ s'rior ran1o $ a&! or )-(o ( rinciio $

in#rr#aci;n con5or- a (a Cons#i#'ci;n, (i-i#an$o as! (as osi/(s a-/i1?$a$s $riva$as $ (a

incorrcci;n (in1?!s#ica $ (a nor-a No s #ra#a roia-n# $ 'n caso $ con#ro( $ (asincorrccions (in1?!s#icas, ro s! $ 'na -anra $ a(iar s's 5c#os D s# -o$o, c'an$o (

in#6rr# s 'n #ri/'na( c'0as sn#ncias '$n ((1ar a sr 5'n# $( $rc&o, '$ or s#a v!a

75

76



so(vn#ars n ar# 'n ro/(-a 3is#n# $s$ (a rsc#iva $ (a s1'ri$a$ )'r!$ica En #o$o caso,

#o$o in#6rr# #n$r% si-r (!-i#s roia-n# 1ra-a#ica(s a s' in#rr#aci;n, ' n 1nra( no

o$r% rs'(#ar con#raria a( sn#i$o (i#ra( $ (a $isosici;n in#rr#a$a

++ REFLE[IONES FINALES

E( (n1'a) )'r!$ico s (n1'a), 0 ( rs'(#an a(ica/(s (as a'#as $ corrcci;n $ #o$o (n1'a)

La i-or#ancia $ (as c's#ions (in1?!s#icas n ( %-/i#o )'r!$ico, 0 scia(-n# n (o r(a#ivo a (a

r$acci;n $ (as nor-as, s 3#raor$inaria, no so(o or' (a incorrcci;n (in1?!s#ica o (a r$acci;n

$5c#'osa -o/rcn nor--n# ( -nsa) 0 s' ca(i$a$, sino or' s#os rrors '$n ((1ar

a s'onr 'na (si;n $( rinciio $ s1'ri$a$ )'r!$ica Sin -/ar1o, (a roc'aci;n or (a c's#i;n

$( (n1'a) &a si$o &a/i#'a(-n# 3cciona(, a sar $ (a circ'ns#ancia no#oria $ (a 1ran can#i$a$

$ incorrccions ' &a/i#'a(-n# ncon#ra-os n n's#ras nor-as

Cir#a-n#, n (os <(#i-os aHos s arcia 'n s5'r"o crcin# or -)orar (a ca(i$a$ 1ra-a#ica(

0 or#o1r%5ica $ (as nor-as, as! co-o (a r$acci;n 0 ( s#i(o $( (n1'a) )'r!$ico n 1nra(, 0 r5()o

$ ((o son $oc'-n#os $ #rascn$ncia, n c'0a (a/oraci;n a vcs &an ar#icia$o )'ris#as 0

(in1?is#as, ' s#a/(cn a'#as 0 cons)os -'0 osi#ivos Pro (as nor-as si1'n -os#ran$o (os

-is-os $5c#os Por ((o &a0 ' &acr a(1o -%s: or 'n (a$o, in#nsi5icar (a nsHan"a 0 (a r%c#ica

$ (a Ln1'a, 0 n scia( $( (n1'a) )'r!$ico n (as 5ac'(#a$s $ $rc&o Por o#ro, in#ro$'cir

con#ro(s sc!5icos $ car%c#r (in1?!s#ico n ( rocso $ (a/oraci;n $ (as nor-asTo$o ((o ar#in$o $ (a i-or#ancia $( (n1'a), 0 $ ' (a ri-ac!a $ (as a'#as $ corrcci;n

1nra(s, s#a/(ci$as or (a Aca$-ia, $/n s#ar si-r rsn#s 0 sr s1'i$as, $ #a( -anra

' ( (n1'a) )'r!$ico $) $ sr 'na )r1a o 'n %-/i#o crra$o carac#ri"a$o or (a so5is#icaci;n, (a

co-()i$a$, (a osc'ri$a$, (as 5rass inaca/a/(s ((nas $ incisos, circ'n(o'ios, r!5rasis 0

'5-is-os, ara ir aro3i-%n$os -%s a 'n (n1'a) snci((o, (1an#, c'(#o, ri1'roso 0 con cir#o

niv( #6cnico, ro si-r c(aro 0 co-rnsi/( n (a -a0or -$i$a osi/(

RESUMEN

E( #ra/a)o ana(i"a ( (n1'a) )'r!$ico, 0 scia(-n# ( (n1'a) nor-a#ivo, $s$ (a rsc#iva

$ (as r(acions n#r $rc&o 0 (n1'a) Si ( (n1'a) s conc#'a(-n# rvio a( $rc&o, 0

con5i1'ra $ a(1<n -o$o (a 7-a#ria ri-a8 ' s# ncsi#a ara sr 5or-'(a$o, ( (n1'a) )'r!$ico

no '$ sr a(1o $ na#'ra("a $i5rn# a( (n1'a) n 1nra( D a&! ' -an#n1a #o$as s's

roi$a$s, a'n' #n1a co-o scia(i$a$s s' car%c#r rscri#ivo, 5ina(is#a, 0 sis#-%#ico,



incoror, )'n#o a( (63ico co-<n o ( roio $ o#ras $isci(inas, 'n (63ico sc!5ico En #o$o caso, (a

1ran c'(iari$a$ $( (n1'a) )'r!$ico 0 -'0 scia(-n# $( (n1'a) nor-a#ivo s ' s's

$s#ina#arios no son so(o (os scia(is#as n (a -a#ria, sino #o$os (os ci'$a$anos Por so ( (n1'a)

)'r!$ico n'nca '$ sr 'na )r1a

Ds$ s#a rsc#iva, s ana(i"an (os rinciios -%s i-or#an#s 0 (os ro/(-as -%s co-'ns

' (an#a ( (n1'a) nor-a#ivo n (os $is#in#os %-/i#os $ (a (in1?!s#ica: -or5o(o1!a, sin#a3is,

or#o1ra5!a, (63ico, 0 s-%n#ica, aHa$i6n$os consi$racions so/r ( s#i(o $( (n1'a) nor-a#ivo E(

#ra/a)o consi$ra scia(-n# c's#ions co-o (a 3csiva '#i(i"aci;n $ (as -a0<sc'(as o (

ro/(-a $( (n1'a) no s3is#a Por o#ro (a$o, s (an#a si corrson$ rincia(-n# a (as

aca$-ias $ (a (n1'a o a (os 1o/irnos 0 a$-inis#racions (a r1'(aci;n $( (n1'a) )'r!$ico,

((1an$o a (a conc('si;n $ ' (as a'#as $ (as aca$-ias $/n sr co-'ns a( i$io-a n #o$os (os

a!ss n (os ' ( -is-o s &a/(a, 0 $/n rva(cr 0 sr (a /as $ c'a(s'ira o#ras a'#as o

cri#rios Por <(#i-o, s# s#'$io consi$ra c;-o s '$ con#ro(ar ( 'so corrc#o $( (n1'a)

nor-a#ivo En s# %-/i#o s roonn -$i$as co-o (a i-(an#aci;n $ 'n con#ro( (in1?!s#ico

sc!5ico n ( rocso $ (a/oraci;n $ (as nor-as

PALABRAS CLAVE

DERECKO, LENGUAJE, NORMA, REAL ACADEMIA ESPAgOLA, LINGf_STICA,

GRAM`TICA, MORFOLOG_A, SINTA[IS, ORTOGRAF_A, L\[ICO, SEM`NTICA, ESTILO

JUR_DICO, SEGURIDAD JUR_DICA, LENGUAJE NO SE[ISTA, MASCULAS

ABSTRACT

T& ar ana(0"s #& (1a( (an1'a1 in 1nra(, an$ scia((0 #& (an1'a1 o5 (1a( s#an$ar$s, 5ro-

#& rsc#iv o5 #& r(a#ions /#n (a an$ (an1'a1 I5 (an1'a1 is conc#'a((0 rior #o (a, an$

so-&o s# #& hra -a#ria(h i# n$s #o / 5or-'(a#$, #& (1a( (an1'a1 canno# &av $i55rn#

na#'r #o (an1'a1 in 1nra( Knc, i# s a(( i#s ror#is, &i( &avin1 scia(#is as i#s

rscri#iv, 5ina(is# an$ s0s#-a#ic ro(, an$ incorora#s, /0 #& co--on or on (3icon o5 o#&r

$isci(ins, a sci5ic (3icon In an0 cas, #& 1ra# c'(iari#0 o5 (1a( (an1'a1 an$ scia((0 #&



nor-a#iv (an1'a1 is #&a# #& rciin#s ar no# on(0 scia(is#s in #& 5i($, /'# a(( ci#i"ns So (1a(

(an1'a1 s&o'($ nvr / a )ar1on

Fro- #&is rsc#iv, #& -ain rinci(s an$ #& -os# co--on ro/(-s o5 nor-a#iv (an1'a1 in

#& vario's aras o5 (in1'is#ics ar ana(0"$: -or&o(o10, s0n#a3, s((in1, voca/'(ar0, an$ s-an#ics,

a$$in1 s#0( consi$ra#ions o5 nor-a#iv (an1'a1 T& or scia((0 consi$rs iss's s'c& as #&

3cssiv 's o5 cai#a(i"a#ion or #& ro/(- o5 non*s3is# (an1'a1 On #& o#&r &an$, i# ariss i5

aca$-is or 1ovrn-n#s s&o'($ s#a/(is& r1'(a#ion o5 (1a( (an1'a1, conc('$in1 #&a# #& 1'i$(ins

o5 #& aca$-is s&o'($ / co--on #o a(( #& (an1'a1 in a(( co'n#ris #&a# i# is son, an$ -'s#

rvai( an$ / #& /asis o5 an0 o#&r 1'i$(ins or cri#ria Fina((0, #&is s#'$0 (oos a# &o #o con#ro(

#& corrc# 's o5 (1a( (an1'a1 In #&is con#3#, i# rooss -as'rs s'c& as #& in#ro$'c#ion o5 a

sci5ic (in1'is#ic con#ro( in #& rocss o5 $v(oin1 (1a( s#an$ar$s

YE ORDS

LA, LANGUAGE, RULE, SPANISK ROAL ACADEM, ACADEMIES, LINGUISTICS,

GRAMMAR, MORPKOLOG, SNTA[, SPELLING, VOCABULAR, SEMANTICS, LEGAL

STLE, PRINCIPLE OF LEGAL CERTAINT, NON*SE[IST LANGUAGE, CAPITAL LETTERS

el lenguaje y las normas jurídicas

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