el mapa es el territorio - blank titleesferapublica.org/elmapaeselterritorio.pdf · the u.s....
TRANSCRIPT
USGovernment
ONUNetAid Foundation
enfopol
EUROPOL (TECS)
?
policenetwork
Committee Europeene des Postes et Telecom.
(CEPT) European Space Agency
ERCIM -European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics
listening
Sugar Grove (usa)
Morwenstow(uk)
Yakima(usa)
Hong-Kong
�nance
UKUSA(USA, New Zel., Aus,
UK, Germ., Taiwan)
COOP-M (usa)
12000sites
climatic datanetwork
National Weather Service Cooperative Observer Program-Modernization COOP-Mhttp://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/coopThe COOP network comprises nearly 12,000 sites across the United States and Puerto Rico. The network was established in 1890 to collect temperature, precipitation and other meteorological data for climate applications related to agriculture and water resources. COOP-M will improve the network's spatial density, distribution, communications and processing capabilities. "Ultimately the network will have new automated temperature, precipitation, soil-moisture and river-level sensors; near real-time data collection, quality control and dissemination; automated �ash�ood reporting; and interactive data terminals to collect both automated and manual observations," said Don Boucher, senior sta� meteorologist and the Aerospace system architect for the project. (source : www.aero.org)
The Aerospace Corporation
(us gov)
Network Solutions Inc (NSI)Network Solutions is the world's leading registrar, with more than 6.5 million net registrations. Network Solutions registers the majority of Web addresses worldwide through various channels including nearly 220 companies in over 30 countries in its Premier program and over 30,000 companies in its A�liate P r o g r a m . ( 1 - A u g u s t - 2 0 0 3 , www.internic.net/registrars/registrar-2.html)
Interne
tEng
ineering Steering
Group(IESG)
Conseiller
members from IAB and IESG designed by Nomcom and approved by ISOC (Board of Trustees).
sout
ient
�nan
cièr
emen
t
Vint Cerfsenior vicepresident MCI Worldcom Inc.Dr. Vinton Cerf is known as a "Father of the Internet" for his work with the U.S. Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) where he played a key role in the development of the Internet and Internet-related data packet and security technologies. (www.ed.gov) The term Internet is �rst coined (1974) by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn in a paper on Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). On January 1st, (1983) every machine connected to ARPANET switched to TCP/IP.
Internet Engineering Task Force The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) was created to serve as a forum for technical coordination by contractors for DARPA working on ARPANET, US Defense Data Network (DDN), and the Internet core gateway system.The Internet Engineering Task Force is an informal, self-organized group whose members contribute to the engineer ing and technological development of the Internet. It is the major organization involved in the d e v e l o p m e n t o f speci�cations for the new Internet standards. The IETF is atypical to the extent that it was built up through a series of events, without any statutory framework or administrative board, without any members or admissions procedures. (source: Steve Coya, Executive Director, I E T F , w w w . i s o c -gfsi.org/ietf/tao.html)
The Address Supporting Organization (ASO) created by Icann in August 1999, ASO manages IP adressesBoard membersDr Sang Hyon Kyong (serves as Governor of International Council for Computer Communication (ICCC), Member of the Board of Multilingual Internet Names Consortium (MINC), and Chairman of the Board of Asia-Paci�c Advanced Networking Korea (APAN-Kr) Consortium. He was Minister of Information and Communication and Vice Minister of Communications in the government of South Korea (probably connected to CIA). He was on the technical sta� at Bell Laboratories and Argonne National Laboratory in the US)Lyman Chapin (founding trustee of the Internet Society; served as chairman of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) and the ANSI and ISO standards groups responsible for Network and Transport layer standards, and was a principal architect of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model and protocols. Serves to the NATO Science Committee's networking panel)Mouhamet Diop, Africa (Mouhamet Diop is AfriNIC observer at the ASO address council, Executive committee on the Steering committee of AfriNIC. Graduated in 1993, from Business School ESSEC, France. built the most famous national IP-based network in the (neo-liberal country) Senegal)
Prot
ocol
Supporting Organization
(PSO)
Advanced Internet Technology/nameIT190 000 domain Names in 137 countries (www.ait.com)
Clarence E. Briggs IIImilitary service during Operation Juste Cause in Panama and Desert Storm in IrakCEO, Chariman and president of AIT (http://aitcom.net)
AdvancedInternet
Technology
ICANN certi�ed domain registrar
IP
address
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)In October 1994, Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the Web, founded the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Computer Science [MIT/LCS] in collaboration with CERN, where the Web originated, with support from DARPA and the European Commission.
Internet Society (ISOC)
CERN (Swiss)
?
IP V6
COREIn November 2000, ICANN approved seven new TLDs. Six of them, .info, .museum, .biz , .aero, .coop and .name have been launched, the other one is expected to follow quickly. CORE members o�er registration services under most of these newly created TLDs. CORE is also a .us and .cn accredited registrar and many CORE members o�er to their customers .us and .cn registrations. (www.corenic.org)CORE is a Registrar accredited by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) and currently operates as a registrar for .com, .net, .org, .biz , .info , .name domain names.(www.corenic.org)
certi�ed domain registrar
CORE
ICANN certi�ed domain registrar
INRIApublic establishment of a scienti�c and technological nature (EPST)
MOTOROLA
Gemplus
via certplus
CIA(usa gov)
ex-director
USIA(usa gov)
NASA(usa gov)
SIGINT(Signals
Intelligence)
Humint(Human
Intelligence)
IMINT(Imagery
Intelligence)
COMINT (Communication
Intelligence)
MASINT (Measurement &
Signature Intelligence)
OSINT(Open Source Intelligence)
OSINTOSINT (Intelligence, Not Information.) can help DoD in two ways: (1) crisis support; and (2) support to on-going operations, bringing to bear in both cases the best and most relevant open sources to respond to established DoD needs with OSINT rather than just information. OSINT includes global geospatial data and global logistics information.
NSA
age
ncy
in c
harg
e of
CO
MIN
T (T
rum
an M
emor
andu
m , 2
4 oc
tobr
e 19
52)
MASINTMeasurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT) is a collective term bringing together disparate intelligence elements that do not �t within the de�nitions of Signals Intelligence, Imagery Intelligence, or Human Intelligence. These disparate elements consist of intelligence activities and technologies such as acoustic intelligence; radar intelligence; nuclear radiation detection; infrared intelligence; electro-optical intelligence; radio frequency, unintentional radiation; materials, e�uent, and debris sampling; and electro optical and spectro-radiometric sources.
ECHELONIN
TERCEPTIONSYSTEM
COMINT
National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII)The NBII is a broad, collaborative program to provide increased access to data and information on the nation's biological resources. The NBII links diverse, high-quality biological databases, information products, and analytical tools maintained by NBII partners and other contributors in government agencies, academic institutions, non-government organizations, and private industry. NBII partners and collaborators also work on new standards, tools, and technologies that make it easier to �nd, integrate, and apply biological resources information. (www.nbii.gov)
NASA's Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) and the NBII Program cooperate in the development of standardized m e t a d a t a descriptions of biological data sets
SAIC/NBIIevaluate the most e�ective alternatives for integrating geographic information systems data/information on the Web.
ex-Director of the CIA
Center for Strategic and International
Studies(CSIS)
James R. Schlesinger Commissioner on the U.S. Commission on National Security/21st CenturyMember Homeland Security Advisory Council
MITRECorporation
(usa gov)
Deep Space Network -DSN
ex-Director of the CIA
Dell Computer Corporation
3,3 4,9
ex-Director of the CIA
National Security Advisor to the
President of the United States
Seni
or A
dviso
r
Member
Mem
ber
Mem
ber
MemberMember
Mem
ber
Global Information Infrastructure Commission (GIIC) The GIIC is a confederation of chief executive o�cers of �rms that develop and deploy, operate, rely upon, and �nance information and communications technology infrastructure facilities.
Biological Computer Laboratory (BCL)In the years after World War II, the notion and the profession of electrical engineering underwent a transformation and expansion. New concepts, thoughts, ideas, inventions, and �elds of study were born within the profession or were brought in from other �elds of study and absorbed as part of a new self. Who would have thought that a theory of information would emerge from an engineering laboratory; that an electrical hypothesis, that is, the hypothesis that all our perceptual, intellectual, and emotional experiences are states of electrical activity in the central nervous system, would dominate the neural sciences; that the abstract notion of computation would �nd its manifestation in electrical devices that, by integrating new insights from semiconductor physics, evolved into machines of such complexity that one could be tempted to make comparison of these machines with their creators? One spoke and even speaks today of electronic brains; one spoke of mentality in machines and still asks: "Can machines think?"(www.ece.uiuc.edu)
internetco
rp. f
orassigned names &
numbers
(ICANN)
IPdomainnames
Inter
netA
ssig
ned Numbers Authority(IA
NA)
Inter
net E
ng
ineering Task Force(IETF)
Information Assurance and Survivability technologies
joint project picosatellites
3.39 MHZ and 6.99 MHZ
Departmentof Defense-DOD
(usa gov)US navy
internetorigin
funded by
funded byfunded by fund
ed
byWorld
Information Technology
and Services Alliance (WITSA)
World Information Technology and Services Alliance (WITSA)The World Information Technology and Services Alliance (WITSA) is a consortium of 50 information technology (IT) industry associations from economies around the world. WITSA members represent over 90 percent of the world IT market.
SiliconGraphics
Cray Research,
Inc.
2,1
"After the �asco of the automatic vote-count during the American presidential election, Unisys Corp aims to associate itself with Dell Computer Corp and Microsoft Corp to create a new voting system." Unisys will propose the overall system, Dell will supply the computers, and Microsoft, the programs. (12/01/2001)
UnisysCorp.
Microsoft
100
?
Unisys Corp.Unisys notes that it has worked on voting technology for decades, and developed electronic voting systems in Brazil, Italy and Costa Rica. (source: AFP)
ResearchBiochemical & DNA-Based Nanocomputers
INTELSAT#
20
James R.
Schlesinger R. James Woolsey
Sam Nunn
Henry A. Kissinger
Zbigniew Brzezinski
Honorable Diana Lady
DouganBoard
LACNIC - LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN INTERNET ADDRESSES REGISTRYBOARD OF DIRECTORSOscar Messano, CHAIRMAN Germán Valdez, SECRETARY Hartmut Glaser TREASURER Fabio Marinho Raimundo Beca Raúl Echeberría, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR - CEO(source: http://lacnic.net)
AfriNIC (Àfrica)
RIPE NCC2700 members
APNIC700 member organizations. across 39 economies of the region. Within the APNIC membership, there are also �ve National Internet Registries (NIRs), in Japan, China, Taiwan, Korea, and Indonesia. The NIRs perform analogous functions to APNIC at a national level and together represent the interests of more than 500 additional organizations.
ARIN - USAARIN is located in Chantilly, Virginia, United States. Its service region incorporates 70 countries, covering North America, South America, the Caribbean, and African countries located south of the equator. ARIN currently consists of more than 1500 members. Within the ARIN region, there are two national delegated registries, located in Mexico and Brazil.
Rése
aux
IP
Européens RIPE NCC(Europe)
IPRegional Internet Registry
ARIN (USA)
IPRegional Internet Registry
LACN
IC(La
tinAmerican & Caribbean)
IPRegional Internet Registry
IANA - Root zone: administrators of the 240 cc TLD (codes ISO ".de" ".fr" ...) www.iana.org/cctld/cctld-whois.htm
ICANN Accredited Registrar .com" ".org" ".net"www.internic.net
protocol
CISO-IEC/JTC1
IBM
Board
9,8
9,9
10,6
High Productivity Computing Systems (HPCS) Program
Clearstream International
Director
DeputyChairman
Chairman
ex-Executive
Vice President
Sate street
Board
President and CEO, BNP Paribas
Securities ServicesBoard of Euroclear
Royal Bank of Scotland
Group
Director
Director
Director
administrateur
was �oated as a possibleCIA Director in 1995
Network Associates,
Inc.(networksecurity)
world leader in network s e c u r i t y a n d availability, help secure the networks of major Fortune 500 companies. Own McAfee Security, the leader in anti-virus software
1,81,7
EADS (European Aeronautic
Defence and Space Co)
2,55
Atos Origin
4,98
Astrium#
?1007,15
Eutelsat SA#
?
Hispasat#
?
5
Tony Navarra
President
Globalstarprovider of global mobile satellite telecommunications services, o�ering both voice and data services from virtually anywhere in over 100 countries around the world
Loral Space & Communications
Chairmanand CEO
chairman and chief executive o�cer
project GENOA II
VeridianDARPA/
VERIDIANHuman
Augmentation ofReasoning
through Patterning
(HARP)
26
Nordnet
Global One
ebone
BULL
Noos
STERIA
4,77
TECSI
?
?
Global Integrity Corp.
TECSI has strategic relationships
with SAIC
16,9
Tyco Submarine Systems International Ltd., and Alcatel Submarine Network Systems build Americas II Cable System (8,000 kilometers) (source : www3.sprint.com)
AT&T investor
3,3
4
2,2
21,2
Arianespace
1,5
SWIFT/UNISYSIn 1989, more than 300 mil l ion i n t e r n a t i o n a l �nancial transactions were made via SWIFT, which had three switching centers equipped with Unisys computers in Belgium, theNetherlands and Virginia.
the National Coordinator for Security, Infrastructure Protection and Counter-Terrorism
Nationa
lBio
logi
cal Information Infrastructure
(NBII)
National Reconnaissance
O�ce(usa gov)
National Reconnaissance O�cecharged with managing American spy satellites such as Black Bird, Rhyolite, KH-11 and KH-12, or Furet. cyberspace surveillance
UK-USA/ECHELONUKUSA is the secret signals intelligence agreement, set up in 1947, that divided the world into �ve regions to be watched over by Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Britain and America. Australia DSD - Defense Signals Directorate. Canada CSE - Communications Security Establishment. New Zealand GCSB - New Zealand's Government Communications Security Bureau. UK GCHQ - Government Communications Head Quarters. USA NSA - National Security Agency
Falcon Air Force Base, Colorado, USAgov. owned sat.
CALEA rede�nes the telecommunications industry’s obligation to assist law enforcement in executing lawfully authorized electronic surveillance. In 1991, the FBI held a series of secret meetings with EU member states to persuade them to incorporate CALEA into European law. The meetings included representatives from Canada, Hong Kong, Australia and the EU. At these meetings, an international technical standard for surveillance, based on the FBI’s CALEA demands, was adopted as the "International Requirements for Interception."PATHWAY NSA communications server furnishing a fast, e�cient, high-security network for the ECHELON system
Matrics - RFIDFor more than two years, a team of former National Security Agency scientists has eschewed the Internet boom in favor of a simpler task: building a better radio frequency identi�cation chip known as RFID. Now the company, Matrics, is ready to launch, and it's doing so with a $14 million investment from venture capital �rms Novak Biddle Venture Partners, The Carlyle Group, Polaris Venture Partners and Venturehouse Group. Matrics (http://www.matricsr�d.com) closed the deal in December, but has chosen to lay low until its product is launched. What the company promises is a cheaper, smarter version of the RFID tag, which could be attached to virtually any product that needs tracking, from DVDs in a video store to engine turbines in an airport hangar. Ideally, a cheap RFID could replace the ubiquitous UPC bar codes on consumer goods because it can track more information.
Matrics
A cell-phone's Sim card can be located thanks to one of the 30,000 base stations of the GSM network or to one of the satellites used by the GPS (Global Positioning System)
commonstandard
toin
terce
pt telephone communications(CALEA)
Global SystemforM
obileCommuni
catio
ns(G
SM)
cooperation treaty
BLOCK II/IIA/IIR #
24
Enfopol A massive e a v e s d r o p p i n g system capable of intercepting all mobile phone calls, I n t e r n e t c o m m u n i c a t i o n s , fax messages and pagers throughout Europe.
Liechtenstein LuxembourgMonaco Netherlands Portugal Sweden UK Bulgaria Czech Republic Slovak Republic Estonia
Contracting StatesAustria Belgium Swtzerland Cyprus Germany Denmark SpainFinland France Turkey Greece Ireland Italy
The Regional Industrial Property Programme (RIPP)
#
The EC-ASEAN Patents & Trademarks Programme (ECAP)
#
EPO Common Software#
AIPPINumerous studies, particularly the reports of the national groups in the AIPPI (International Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property) have pointed out that there is no legal obstacle to the application of the patent system to computer software. Thus, after consulting with all its national groups, the AIPPI has taken a position in favor of eliminating the exclusion of computer software from patentabil ity. (source: http://europa.eu.int/comm/internal_market/en/indprop/comp/michelet.pdf.)
FICPI (InternationalFederation of
Intellectual PropertyAttorneys)
AIPPI (International Association for the
Protection ofIntellectual Property
CEN/ISSS - Information Society Standardization System
TC278#
Road transport telematics
WS/DIR#
Directories and naming issues
CEN/TC224#
I. C. Cards
WS/MEET#
Tracking and tracing the current position or status of goods under transport
WS/FINREAD#
Speci�cations for a secure IC card reader for bankcard payments
WS/DISTINC ID#Common data and formatting rules for identifying a smart card, the smart card holder and
Trans-EuropeanNetworks
Directorate(TENs)
Organization for Economic
Co-operation and Development
(OECD)
Transatlantic Business DialogueEstablished in 1995, the Transatlantic Business Dialogue is undoubtedly the most far-reaching international alliance between corporations and states. Unlike other lobby groups, it acts as a mandate for the U.S. government and the European Commission to work meticulously to identify ‘barriers to transatlantic trade’ - in e�ect, any regulation or policy proposal that does not �t the corporate agenda on either side of the Atlantic. The 150 large corporations in the Business Dialogue have managed to delay, weaken or even dismantle a wide range of environment and consumer-protection regulations, including a planned EU ban on marketing of animal-tested cosmetic products.The TABD played a key role in the launch of the new WTO round of trade negotiations in Qatar last November. Post-September 11, EU and US arms producers have taken a leading role in the TABD and a new working group to �nd ‘ways to capitalize on... the new awareness of the importance of the security sector’ http:// www.tabd.org
Transatlantic BusinessDialogue
Entreprise Directorate
European Telecommunic.
Standards Institute
(ETSI)
International Telecommunications
Union (ITU)
ISO - International Organization
for Standardization
WTOWorldTrade
Organization
EuropeanCommitte
eforS
tand
ardization-CEN
On 11 December 2000, the Member States adopted Council regulation no. 2725/2000 concerning the creation of "Eurodac." The objective is to establish a system for the comparison of �ngerprints of asylum applicants and illegal immigrants and facilitate the application of the Dublin convention which makes it possible to determine the State responsible for examining the asylum application.( s o u r c e : http://europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l33081.htm)
Eurodac#
Euro
pean
Judicial Network(EJN
)
?
policenetwork
PDGDGSE
(fr)BND
(Germ)
TIA, Total Information Awareness Program
pentagone(usa gov)
WIPO Internet Domain Name Process
By agreement with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) the EPO acts as International Searching and International Preliminary Examining Authority. (source: http://www.european-patent-o�ce.org/) For the last few years the European Patent O�ce has, contrary to the letter and spirit of the existing law, granted about 30,000 patents on computer-implementable rules of organisation and calculation (programs for computers). Now the European patent movement wants to change the law so as to legalise this practise and remove all barriers to patentability. Programmers are to lose their freedom of expression and the control over their copyrighted work. Citizens are to be barred from independently developing their preferred forms of communication. (source: http://swpat.�i.org/index.en.html)
The
Euro
pean Patent Organisation
Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)#
European Patent O�ce(EPO)
UnitedKingdom
Council on the Future ofTechnology & Public Policy
APNIC (Asia/pacific)
IPRegional Internet Registry
HIPAS High Power Auroral Stimulation Observatory
Alaska,USA
high frequency active auroral research program (HAARP)
Alaska,USA
Climatic weapons
ClarenceE. Briggs
III
NetworkSolution
Inc. (NSI)
ICANN certi�ed domain registrar
Champ MitchellPresident, Network Solutions
served as vice chairman of the �nance committee for the
election campaign of President George H. W. Bush. (source :
www.verisign.com)
Champ Mitchell
VeriSign maintains more than 10 million Internet addresses. VeriSign used to have a government-approved monopoly over wholesale and retail sales of .com names. (…) In 1998, the Commerce Department, which maintains control of the Internet's authoritative "root server," commissioned the nonpro�t ICANN to inject competition into the addressing sector. The root server is the master list of Net addresses ending in "top-level" domains including .com, .net and .org. (source : washingtonpost.com, Wednesday, September 4, 2002)
Network Solutions Inc (NSI)/SAICdomain names are always registered in the databanks of the SAIC-NSI. And even if, o�cially, the "client" data associated with the domain names remains con�dential, it is the SAIC-NSI information system that retains responsibility and technical control over the data banks of names and name servers.
100
Electronic voting machines-USAA wide variety of automatic counting systems are used in the USA. In the 2000 presidential election only 1.6% of voters used conventional paper ballot slips. 9.1% used direct electronic registration, 18.6% used lever type voting machines, 27.3% used optical readers and 34.3% used punched cards. The Federal Election Commission (FEC) has the task of maintaining the standards to be met by these balloting systems. Voting on the Internet is also being looked into carefully. Thus, for example, Internet voting trials were staged in four counties of California in the weeks leading up to the election in November 2000. Internet voting was also tried out in Alaska (in January 2000, organised by the company VoteHere) and in Arizona (March 2000, organised by Election.com).
John DeutchThis retired CIA Director from the Clinton Administration currently sits on the board at Citigroup, the nation’s second largest bank, which has been repeatedly and overtly involved in the documented laundering of drug money.Nora Slatkin, retired CIA Executive Director also sits on Citibank’s board.
ex-director
A.B. "Buzzy" KrongardThe current Executive Director of the Central Intelligence Agency is the former Chairman of the investment bank A.B. Brown and former Vice Chairman of Banker’s Trust (owned by Deutsche bank)
ex-director
ex-director
George Herbert Walker
Bush
Carlyle Group11th largest defense contractor
Addr
ess
Supporting Organization
(ASO
)
IP
Liberty Media Corp
1,72,2
Sprint Corp.
21
3,7
10
tra�c exchange via BBN (Genuity)Telstra(cable)
NTT
tra�c exchange
VerioVERIOlargest global website hosting company
Bill Owensserved as the deputy chief of Naval Operations for Resources, Warfare Requirements and Assessments, commander of the U.S. Sixth Fleet, senior military assistant to Secretaries of Defense Frank Carlucci and Dick Cheney (source : www.teledesic.com)
president, chief operating o�cer and vice chairman SAIC
TRANSPAC (France)?
ICANN certi�ed domain registrar
Orange
IEEE380 000 members in 150 countries. Produces 30% of the world's published literature in electrical engineering, computers and control technology (www.ieee.org)
coopération for Windows NT 4.0
close ?
American National Science
Foundation(NSF)
SITA
VHF
700antennas
SITA (www.sita.com) The network is made up of more than 1,700 circuits representing a consolidated transmission capacity of around 1,400 Megabits per second and includes over 13,000 managed routers. Total tra�c over the network grew to 272 trillion characters, up by 55% in the year.The network now has over 176,692 user connections. Nortel Passport Switches increased to reach over 3700 nodes across the network in 2001. SITA has over 10,000 IP routers online and over 400 customers of SITA IP services. The network consistently achieves core availability of 99.99%. SITA maintains 150,000 units of customer premises equipment in the air transport industry, through 170 service delivery facilities worldwide. World's �rst airport shared check-in system, CUTE. World's �rst partnership to support the implementation of electronic visa authorization, with ETAS. Visas for Australia are processed using ETAS.
partnership
TELEFONICAIn 2001, Telefonica o�ered telecommunications services to nearly 50 countries and had its own installations in 20 countries. It had constituted one of the largest international support networks for its activities, in particular a transatlantic submarine cable going all around Latin America. Telefonica claims that its network carries 80% of the world's Spanish-language Internet content. (source: OCED, 2001)
Telefonica
LYCOS
Swiss Spain
Japan
United States Information Agency (USIA) The USIA was established to achieve US foreign policy by in�uencing public attitude at home and abroad using psycho-political policy strategies. The USIA O�ce of Research and reference service prepares data on psychological factors and propaganda problems considered by the Policy Planning Board in formulating psycho-political information policies for the National Security Council.
3,2
4
3,9
AT&Tw o r l d ' s p r e m i e r communications and information services company. The company has annual revenues of more than $52 billion and 130,000 employees. (1998)90 million customers
Maurice “Hank”
Greenburg
3
3,97
FidelityAbigail Johnson owns 25%Edward C. Johnson 3 owns 12%
4
Citigroup
John Deutch
3
5,8
2
Louis V Gerstner
Jr
1,53
investor
Tracking & Data Relay Satellite Syst. TDRSS
#MARSNET
?
spaceprobe Galaxy Communicator is an open source
architecture for constructing dialogue systems. This work is funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) of the United States Government. The DARPA Communicator program will provide the next generation of intelligent conversational interfaces to distributed information. The goal is to support the creation of speech-enabled interfaces that scale gracefully across modalities, from speech-only to interfaces that include graphics, maps, pointing and gesture. (http://communicator.sourceforge.net)
Gal
axy Communicator?
Internet Security Systems ISS - Internet Security Systems - hosts the X-Force, a kind of elite corps for world information security. This company, specializing in computer protection, is credited with more than 60,000 clients worldwide, including 21 of the 25 largest American banks, but also 10 of the largest global telecommunications operators and 35 governments, without forgetting the White House and the FBI. Since July 1998, the US Army employs the ISS to protect all its world bases. In 2001, the ISS recorded 830 million alerts.(Le Figaro Entreprises, June 3 2002)
FranceTelecom
France
France
Internet Security Systems
SAIC: 41,000 employees, an annual turnover of 5.5 billion dollars, 620 million dollars pro�t in 1999. The company's major client is the American government, 79% of total turnover comes from the Pentagon. Among the SAIC's achievements: digital cartography of the USA and digital early warning system for environmental data; security system for Defense Department computers; installation of computerized decision-making and transmission systems for oil conglomerates such as BP Amoco; computerization of the American reserve army mobilization system; design and installation of transmission systems between command posts and combatants (Defense Information Systems Network); design of C4I command centers for naval and space warfare; modernization of the space-based mapping networks of the National Imagery and Mapping Agency; surveillance of the execution of nuclear non-proliferation treaties; design of training and simulation equipment for F-15 and F-16 pilots; design of satellite sensors and observation equipment for NASA; creation of the largest criminal information database for the FBI (with �les on 38 million suspects); etc.In the period of 1992-1995 alone, the SAIC hired 198 former colonels and generals of the US armed forces. Among its administrators, the SAIC has had the former Defense secretaries William Perry and Melvin Laird, and the former CIA directors John Deutch and Robert Gates.
GWEN Ground Wave Emergency NetworkThe Ground Wave Emergency Network (GWEN) provides survivable connectivity to designated bomber and tanker bases. The system is in sustainment. GWEN is designed as an ultra-high powered VLF [150-175 kHz] network intended to survive massive broadband destructive interference produced by nuclear EMP. GWEN is Scheduled to be Replaced by SCAMP in FY99
Gro
un
d Wave EmergencyN
etwork(GWEN)
?
survivablenetwork
LF/UHF
Inte
rnet
Research TaskForce
INTERN
ETARCHITECTURE BO
ARD
(IAB)
The European Patent O�ce �nances itself by fees from the patents which it grants. It is free to use a certain percentage of these fees. Since the 1980s the EPO has illegally lowered the standards of technicity, novelty, non-obviousness and industrial applicability and abolished examination quality safeguards so as to increase the number of granted patents by more than 10% and the license tax on the industry by 26% per year. As an international organisation, the EPO is not subject to criminal law or taxation. The local police's power ends at the gates of the EPO. High EPO o�cials have in�icted corporal injury on their employees and then escaped legal consequences by their right to immunity. The work climate within the EPO is very bad, leading to several suicides per year. The quality of examination reached a relative high in the 80s but has after that been deteriorating, partly because the EPO had to hire too many people too quickly for too low wages. Examiners who reject patents load more work on themselves without getting more pay. Examiners are treated by the EPO management as a kind of obstacle to the corporate goal of earning even more patent revenues. The high-level employees of the EPO owe their jobs to political pressures from within national patent administrations and do not understand the daily work of the o�ce. The EPO has its own jurisdictional arm, consisting of people whose career is controlled by the EPO's managment and its internal climate. The national organs that are supposed to supervise the EPO are all part of the same closed circle, thus guaranteeing the EPO managment enjoys feudal powers in a sphere outside of any constitutional legality, and that whatever they decide is propagated to the national administrations and lawcourts.
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Telecom)
Human Genome ProjectProject goals were to - identify all the approximately 30,000 genes in human DNA, - determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA, - store this information in databases, - improve tools for data analysis, - transfer related technologies to the private sector, and - address the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) that may arise from the project. The Human Genome Project ends in 2003 with the completion of the human genetic sequence. IBM, Compaq, DuPont, and major pharmaceutical companies are among those interested in the potential for targeting and applying genome data. (source : www.ornl.gov)
GenBankGenBank, the world's DNA sequence repository, was developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and later transferred to the National Library of Medicine. Chromosome-sorting capabilities developed at LANL and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory enabled the development of DNA clone libraries representing the individual chromosomes. These libraries were a crucial resource in genome sequencing.
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MotorolaNicolas Naclerio, head of Motorola's Biochip Systems Unit, former executive at DarpaMotorola's biochip technology will use the results of the Human Genome Project.
CeleraGenomics
Vint Cerf
Bank of Nova Scotia
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Unicode Consortium (2003)Full (Corporate) MembersAdobe Systems, Inc.Apple Computer, Inc.Basis Technology CorporationGovernment of India - Ministry of Information TechnologyGovernment of Pakistan - National Language AuthorityHewlett-PackardIBM CorporationJustsystem CorporationMicrosoft CorporationOracle CorporationPeopleSoft, Inc.RLGSAP AGSun Microsystems, Inc.Sybase, Inc.
Tavistock Institute
(usa & uk)
National Institute for Research in
Computing and Automation
INRIA (FR)
Laboratory for Computer Science,
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology MIT (USA)
Institute of Electrical
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IEEE
Biological Computer Laboratory
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American Society
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CNRICNRI was created as a n o t - f o r - p r o � t organization to provide leadership and funding for research and development of the National Information Infrastructure.
Vice-President
Keith W. Uncapher
El mapa es el territorioTres conferencias> 22, 23 y 24 de septiembre
+ Una exposición> 22 de septiembre al 23 de octubre
• Séptimo ciclo de conferencias Modus Operandi
> Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango, Centro de eventos, carrera 5 # 11-68
> Miércoles 22 de septiembre > 11 a.m >Haga un mapa. No calque > Jan Erik Lundström, curador.
> Jueves 23 de septiembre > 5:30 p.m > Mapas y diagramas como prácticas discursivas > Erick Beltrán, artista.
> Viernes 24 de septiembre > 5:30 p.m > Arte, ciudad y cartografía. > Tomás Ruiz-Rivas, artista.
• Exposición El mapa: cartografías críticas
> El Parqueadero, Museo de Arte del Banco de la República, calle 11 #4-21, primer piso
> Curaduría: Jan-Erik Lundström
> Inauguración: miércoles 22 de septiembre >5 a 7:30 p.m.
Governing by Networks, mapa producido por Bureau d’ etudes, Francie, 2003. Fuente: www.universite-tangente.fr.st
El Mapa es el Territorio es un evento organizado por el Departamento de Arte de la Universidad de los
Andes, con el apoyo del Banco de la República y la Fundación Gilberto Alzate Avendaño.
exposición
El Parqueadero, Museo de Arte del Banco de la República, Calle 11 #4-21, primer piso
El mapa: cartografías críticas
El mapa: cartografías críticas es un encuentro multifacético de la cultural global contemporánea que invo-lucra más de 30 proyectos artístico-cartográficos. A través de un acercamiento amplio y generoso a los mapas y las prácticas cartográficas actuales, esta exhibición ofrece una plataforma que permite la mezcla o colisión de las prácticas artísticas, culturales, políticas y científicas de mapeo. La exposición explora las diversas prácticas de mapeo en el arte y la cultura contemporánea, vincu-lando obras de artistas con proyectos de cartógrafos y otros creadores de mapas en disciplinas como la geografía, la ciencia política o la lingüística; El mapa es un foro inter y trans-disciplinario que investiga el concepto del mapa como herramienta del conocimiento, como productor de realidades particulares, o intervención crítica en el tejido del presente. La exhibición aborda una variedad de temas y problemáticas como las reflexiones y meditaciones meta-cartográficas sobre la historia de los mapamundi, hasta los sofisticados y complejos mapeos de los fenómenos políticos, sociales y económicos contemporáneos. De esta forma, el tema de El mapa se arti-cula por medio de una variedad de medios y maneras de expresión, como los mapas clásicos, proyectos fotográficos o fílmicos, ilustraciones en revistas e inclusive archivos o portales en Internet. La artista francesa Sabine Rethoré presenta por primera vez su mapa de Colombia, producido especial-mente para esta exhibición en Bogotá, en el que utiliza su propia metodología de alterar las expectativas de un mapa nacional para darle a la nación una nueva imagen de sí misma. Jan Svenungsson presentará Psycho-mapping Europe, un juego en el que se ponen a prueba las habilidades artísticas a través del dibujo, al tiempo que se supervisa la implosión de los intentos de mapear un continente. Dialogando estrecha-mente con los anteriores, Milena Bonilla ofrece una visión sorprendente de los continentes americanos, y el mapamundi equitativo de 1974 del geógrafo alemán Arno Peters que aun sigue sacudiendo tanto el ojo como la mente, develando nuestras arraigadas y estereotípicas maneras de mirar el planeta. Renauld Auguste-Domeil aporta su hermosa e imponente serie The Day Before, enormes fotografías que muestran el cielo estrellado visto en el momento de varios eventos bélicos–bombardeos de los siglos XX y XXI, em-pezando con Guernica y terminado con la invasión de Bagdad en 2003. Bureau d’Etudes presentará una selección comprensiva de sus mapas/diagramas sofisticados y complejos, cargados con información sobre temas como los gobiernos y las jerarquías políticas del poder, las redes mediáticas, el complejo militar-industrial o el comercio mundial de las armas. El mapa: cartografías críticas es la tercera versión actualizada del proyecto que comenzó con Estando aquí: mapeando lo contemporáneo, producido para la Bienal de Bucarest en Rumania en mayo de 2008. La segunda versión se tituló El mapa: navegando el presente y se presentó en el Konsthall C en Estocolmo y en el Bilmuseet en Umea, Suecia. La exposición El mapa: cartografías críticas fue organizada conjuntamente con el Séptimo Ciclo de Conferencias Modus Operandi y producida por el Departamento de Arte de la Universidad de Los Andes.
Participan en El Mapa: cartografías críticas: Kristoffer Ardeña, Atlas Linguarum Europae, Renaud Auguste-Dormeuil, Milena Bonilla, Bureau d’Etudes, Nicolas Consuegra, Stefan Constantinescu, Lukas Einsele, Fadaiat, Freudmann/Gülcü, Buckminster Fuller, Frances Goodman, Brian Holmes, Ashley Hunt, Karlo-Andrei Ibarra, Emma Kay, Maria Lantz, Armin Linke, Mikael Lundberg, Christoph Mayer, Christina McPhee, Lia Perjovschi, Arno Peters, Katarina Pirak, Josh On, Yoko Ono, Philippe Rekacewicz, Sabine Rethoré, Jan Svenungsson, y Adriana Varejão.
Información adicional de la muestra y sobre el curador
Sobre El Mapa: cartografías críticas: http://www.bildmuseet.umu.se/pressrelease-The%20map.html
http://bucharestbiennale.org/old_ed/2007/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7smO-LjpNQ
Sobre Jan-Erik Lundström: http://www.riekkis.se/janerik_1.html
Inauguración
Miércoles 22 de septiembre de 2010 de 5:30 a 7:30 p.m.
Lugar
El Parqueadero, Museo de Arte del Banco de la República, Piso 1 - Calle 11 Nº 4-21. Bogotá.Del 22 de septiembre al 23 de octubre de 2010. Lunes a sábado de 2:00 p.m. a 7:00 p.m. (cerrado los martes)Entrada gratuita
http://areadeproyectos.org/modus/
http://www.facebook.com/event.php?eid=132512826794557
séptimo ciclo de conferencias modus operandi
Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango, Centro de eventos, Carrera 5 # 11-68
El Mapa es el Territorio
El mapa se puede entender como una representación gráfica que facilita la comprensión espacial de obje-tos, conceptos, situaciones, lugares y territorios. Como lo señala Henri Lefebvre en su obra La producción social del espacio los mapas no sólo han operado como representaciones, sino como dispositivos desde los cuales el espacio se produce, como sucedió con los modelos de ciudad moderna de la Bauhaus y las vanguardias constructivistas, las prácticas espaciales de los Situacionistas y todos aquellos proyectos que desde hace varias décadas establecen una estrecha relación con un sitio específico, un lugar o una zona de la ciudad. El evento El mapa es el territorio presenta tres conferencias y una exposición que tratarán sobre casos de artistas que han apropiado prácticas de la cartografía para visualizar lugares utópicos, generar contra-lecturas de la producción espacial de la modernidad capitalista, hacer explícitas las tecnologías de repre-sentación con las que se produce el espacio, develar relaciones de poder a través de la cartografía crítica y desplegar acciones en el espacio público.
Cronograma
Miércoles 22 de septiembre / 11 a.m.Haga un mapa. No calque. Jan Erik Lundström, curador. Ya no es cierto que el mapa no es el territorio. Al contrario, en la cultura contemporánea el territorio se genera a través del mapa. Los mapas producen territorios. Una de las herramientas más potentes de la creación de mundos, las prácticas carto-gráficas, como se discuten y ejemplifican en esta charla, son utilizadas en una variedad de campos discursivos como la geografía, la ciencia política, el arte, y los estudios culturales. Sin embargo, las cartografías críticas actuales no son presentaciones de datos conocidos y estables, o datos asegurados que reflejan realidades establecidas y duraderas; los mapeos son más bien exploraciones hacia un conocimiento nuevo; los mapas son campos de relaciones de poder con múltiples entradas; los mapas no son calcados sino interpretados; los mapas son compromisos con aquella fantasía de una nueva ciencia/arte o aquella manera de saber de cada nuevo mapa. Pero igual a toda traducción, los mapas son, siempre, traducciones y traducciones erradas que nos piden, como los usuarios de mapas, que nos volvamos nuestros propios cartógrafos.
[ 5:30 > 7:30 p.m. Inauguración de la exposición El mapa: cartografías críticas ]
23 de septiembre, 5:30 p.m. Centro de Eventos Mapas y diagramas como prácticas discursivas. Conferencia. Erick Beltrán, artista. Vive y trabaja en Barcelo-na. Su presentación se enfocaría en los mecanismos que definen, evalúan, clasifican, seleccionan, repro-ducen y distribuyen imágenes para crear discursos cartográficos, políticos, económicos y culturales en la sociedad contemporánea, así como en la manera en que se puede diagramar y evidenciar estas figuras.
24 de septiembre, 5:30 p.m.Arte, ciudad y cartografía. Conferencia. Tomás Ruiz-Rivas, artista. Vive y trabaja en Madrid. Su presentación iniciaría con una breve introducción a la dialéctica campo/ciudad en los albores del capitalismo (Trecentto italiano), la construcción del espacio urbano, la ciudad industrial (siglos XVIII y XIX), el giro que supone la aparición del paisaje urbano; el trabajo directo sobre el tejido urbano (Situacionistas, performance, Matta-Clark). Presentación de casos de trabajos sobre el territorio, en los que la noción de mapa o cartografía tienen varios grados de relevancia: los mapas de diferentes ciudades del artista Rogelio López Cuenca, el Museo de la Defensa de Madrid, Post It City y el Centro Portátil de Arte Contemporáneo.
Inscripción
El seminario no tiene costo, pero dado que hay cupo limitado debe inscribirse enviando un correo con su nombre y número de cédula a: [email protected]
Lugar
Las conferencias se llevarán a cabo en el auditorio del Centro de eventos de la Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango,
Centro de eventos, Carrera 5 # 11-68