el ribosoma: una maquina molecular con cerebro

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Unam Facultad de Química Ramos Castilla Berenice Josefina The Ribosome: A molecular machine with brains Dr. Ada Yonath Ribosomes are the universal cellular organelles catalyzing the sequential polymerization of amino acids. They are build of two subunits that associate for performing this task. The larger subunit creates the peptide bonds and provides the path along which the protein chain emerges out the ribosome. The smaller subunit has key roles in the initiation of the process; in decoding the genetic message; in discriminating against cognate, non- and near-cognate aminoacylated tRNA molecules; in controlling the fidelity of codon-anti-codon interactions and in mRNA/ tRNA translocation. In order to determine the three dimensional structure of the ribosome, X-ray crystallography was the best answer. This technique let us obtain high resolution data under homogenous preparations and conditions similar to the in-situ ribosome environment. The first crystals that yielded preliminary crystallographic information were grown from of the large subunit from Bacillus stearothermophilus. It took a few years until additional source was defined using a large ribosomal subunit from Haloarcula marismortui that later yielded high resolution The ribosome: A molecular machine with brains 1

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The ribosome a molecular machine qith brains. Ada Yonath Conference UNAM 27 March. Facultad de Quimica

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UnamFacultad de QumicaRamos Castilla Berenice Josefina

The Ribosome: A molecular machine with brainsDr. Ada Yonath

Ribosomes are the universal cellular organelles catalyzing the sequential polymerization of amino acids. They are build of two subunits that associate for performing this task. The larger subunit creates the peptide bonds and provides the path along which the protein chain emerges out the ribosome. The smaller subunit has key roles in the initiation of the process; in decoding the genetic message; in discriminating against cognate, non- and near-cognate aminoacylated tRNA molecules; in controlling the fidelity of codon-anti-codon interactions and in mRNA/ tRNA translocation.In order to determine the three dimensional structure of the ribosome, X-ray crystallography was the best answer. This technique let us obtain high resolution data under homogenous preparations and conditions similar to the in-situ ribosome environment. The first crystals that yielded preliminary crystallographic information were grown from of the large subunit from Bacillus stearothermophilus. It took a few years until additional source was defined using a large ribosomal subunit from Haloarcula marismortui that later yielded high resolution diffraction. A few additional years were needed for obtaining crystals of the small subunit from Thermus thermophilus.

Small subunit

Large subunit

UnamFacultad de QumicaRamos Castilla Berenice Josefina

The Ribosome: A molecular machine with brainsDr. Ada Yonath

Los ribosomas son los organelos universales encargados de la catalizar la polimerizacin secuencial de los aminoacidos y estn constituidos de dos subunidades asociadas para realizar esta tarea. La ms grande de ellas es la creadora de los enlaces peptdicos, adems de ser la encargada de generar el camino a tomar por la cadena de proteinas que emerge del ribosoma. La subunidad ms pequea tiene importancia clave en la inicializacin del proceso; en la codificacin del mensaje gentico; en la evaluacin y discriminacin entre distintos tipos de molculas de tRNA aminocicladas; en el control de interacciones y translocacin de mRNA/ tRNA.Para determinar la estructura tridimensional del ribosoma, la cristalografa por rayos X fue la mejor alternativa. Esta tcnica nos permite obtener, mediante cristales, datos de alta resolucin y fidelidad bajo preparados homogeneos y condiciones ambientales similares a las caractersticas in-situ del ribosoma. Los primeros cristales que produjeron informacin cristalogrfica preliminar fueron tomados de la subunidad grande de Bacillus stearothermophilus. Despus de varios aos transcurridos para la definicin de una segunda fuente, se tomo la subunidad ribosomtica de Haloarcula marismortu, que posteriormente produjo difracciones de alta resolucin. Unos cuantos aos ms fueron necesarios para la obtencin de los cristales de la subunidad pequea proveniente de Thermus thermophilus.

Subunidad grande

Subunidad pequea

The ribosome: A molecular machine with brains1