el segundo, ca 18 august, 2020 newsletter · and is intended to orbit mars. international...

El Segundo, CA 18 August, 2020

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A Science Armada Sets Sail for Mars in 2020 by Daniel R. Adamo ([email protected]), 9 August 2020Independent Astrodynamics Consultant, NASA JSC – Retired,AIAA Distinguished Lecturer / Mentor, AIAA Associate Fellow

he summer of 2020 has seen three robotic spacecraft depart Earthbound for Mars arrivals in February 2021. This paper illustratesheliocentric trajectories all three spacecraft will follow as they cruise

from Earth to Mars. Table 1 summarizes dates associated with the termini ofthese trajectories. Although Table 1 Earth departure dates are establishedhistoric facts as this paper is written, Mars arrival dates are inferred withvarying degrees of confidence.

TTable 1. Interplanetary cruise departure and arrival dates (reckoned withrespect to the nearest UT day) are provided for three Mars-boundspacecraft.

Spacecraft Earth Departure Mars Arrival

Hope 20 July 2020 10 February 2021

Tianwen-1 23 July 2020 10 February 2021

Perseverance 30 July 2020 19 February 2021

Hope, also known as the Emirates Mars Mission (EMM), is operated by theUnited Arab Emirates (UAE) with assistance from multiple U.S. organizationsand is intended to orbit Mars. International cooperation makes it possible topoll operational Hope trajectory data indicating a Mars closest approach circa10 February 2021 UT. Hope's heliocentric Earth-to-Mars trajectory is plottedin Figure 1.1

No official Tianwen-1 trajectory data are publicly accessible becauseoperations are conducted by the People's Republic of China. This mission willinitially orbit Mars before a lander is dispatched with a rover. An unofficialtrajectory prediction, based on observations of Tianwen-1's Earth departure,indicates Mars closest approach will fall on 10 February 2021 UT.2 Eventhough this prediction misses Mars by 3.16 million km, correcting the misswith little change to Mars arrival time should be well within a functioningspacecraft's propulsive capability many weeks after Earth departure. Indeed,Tianwen-1 performed its first trajectory correction on 1 August 2020 at 23:00UT.3 Assuming an unperturbed (conic) heliocentric short-way (Type 1),partial-revolution Earth-to-Mars transfer with the Table 1 dates, Tianwen-1'sinterplanetary cruise trajectory is plotted in Figure 2.

(Continued on Page 20)

August 2020Click title to go to article

1 A Science Armada Sets Sail for Mars in 20202 How to Effectively and Affordably Observe

your Complex System for Emerging Issues3 NASA Astronauts Safely Splash Down after

First Commercial Crew Flight to Space Station4 Dynetics to develop NASA’s Artemis

Human Lunar Landing System5 3D Print Your Own Dynetics'

Human Landing System6 Carnegie Mellon Robot, Art Project

To Land on Moon in 20217 Comet C/2020 F3 "NEOWISE"

8 What Mourning the "Death" of a RobotLooks Like on Social Media

9 Participating in IAAC 202010 Near-Earth Object Exploration

Leading to Human Visits11 e-Town Hall Meeting (11 July, 2020, AM)

12 AIAA LA-LV Honors Aerospace AfricanAmerican Professionals! (11 July, 2020, PM)

13 AIAA LA-LV Apollo 11 (51st) and Vikings (44th)Anniversary (18 July, 2020)

14 AIAA LA-LV Online Exhibition / Outreach to Satellite and Education Conference XXXIII (7/25)15 Young Professional (YP) Trivia Night ! (7/27)

16 e-Town Hall Meeting (August 1)17 e-Town Hall Meeting (August 8)

18 Young Professional (YP) e-Happy Hour (8/14)19 Aerospace Women’s Career Day Event (8/15)

40 Comet Neowise Gallery44 AIAA Member Spotlight:

Daneil R. Adamo and Janet Grondin45 Honorary Fellow: Prof. Jason L. Speyer

47 Upcoming Events62 Advertisement Board & Job Posting

To send comments orsubmissions, or to purchaseadvertising, please contact:

AIAA LA LV Newsletter [email protected]

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1 Reference Hope's body ID = -62 on JPL's Horizons ephemeris server at https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?horizons (accessed 5 August 2020).2 Reference Tianwen-1's body ID = -9901491 on JPL's Horizons ephemeris server.3 Reference https://www.space.com/china-mars-mission-spots-earth-and-moon.html (accessed 7 August 2020).

mailto:[email protected]

https://www.space.com/china-mars-mission-spots-earth-and-moon.html

https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?horizons


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This is number 4 in a series of 7 articles about sustainingyour long-lived complex weapon system.

OBSERVE >>> ID RISKS >>> FIX

he key to keeping your deployed system meetingits mission for decades is to notice when new,emergent failure modes are starting to occur. In

fact, depending on the system and your ability to respondwith an integrated, deployed fix, you might need a“heads-up” of years.

TSure, you have the original Failure Modes and EffectsReport and similar engineering documentation requiredduring development. But it is now outdated. And now itis too late. Your complex system is dying undetected inways no one could have anticipated. You see problemsonly when they have become blindingly obvious.

Finding these issues too late is the death knell for thesystem. But pouring lots of resources into constantlysearching for these new failure modes with no overallplan is too expensive. So, what do you do?

The sustainment organization needs an on-going,integrated program that meets this need and does itaffordably.

In a nutshell, here is the strategy that was used inICBMs:

We again take a look at our “readiness factors” that werementioned in our previous 3 articles.

Recall that your system readiness factors are 2 to 6system independent characteristics that, if violated, willaffect the system’s ability to perform its mission. Forinstance, here’s two from last month: “The vast majorityof systems must be both reliable when used and availablewhen needed.” If your system delivers bombs on target,perhaps another one is “accuracy”. For recon, maybe youhave “loiter time”. In any case, these are preciselydefined terms that directly support your mission. Your

list needs to be as “orthogonal” as possible. That is, eachfactor is independent of the others. And they need to“cover the waterfront”. Practically speaking, if youdiscover you are not covering everything, you need toadd that readiness factor to your repertoire.

To meet the mission of deterrence, ICBM readinessfactors were: available, reliable, accurate, and hardagainst nuclear attack. (Some include safe and sure, but Icould list those under available since no nuclear deliverysystem that is not safe and not sure will not be madeavailable!)

Observing your system across all readiness factors meansthat you will be collecting data from operationalmonitoring, non-operational monitoring, and deliberatetesting. Start with the first two. In other words, if yourcomplex system is already generating data, you hadbetter be sure you are capturing all of it for future use inassessing its health. It is less expensive than testing (andimagine how stupid you will look if you don’t).

For example, active components, such as ICBMguidance systems, can generate tetrabytes of operationaldata each year. Depot repair organizations have a wealthof stockage and diagnostic testing data. Knowing how toget that data, preserve it, and monitor it is central to yourjob as sustainers. Start now. Improve your ability eachyear.

For inactive components, such as solid rocket fuel, youmust deliberately pull in, inspect, and test in timeintervals that give you lead time to react to issues.

Existing tests, such as the 3 to 4 ICBM missile tests peryear are important sources of data, especially if telemetryreveals non-failure anomalies that might point tosystemic issues. For instance, a successful missile testmight reveal a degrading set of electronics in an area thatdid not result in failure, but might point to a general needto inspect and test all electronics everywhere in themissile and ground systems.

(Continued on Page 21)Advertising space is available in the AIAA Los Angeles-Las Vegas Newsletter:

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How to Effectively and Affordably Observe your Complex System for EmergingIssuesby Col. Charles Vono (USAF & TRW Retired), AIAA Distinguished Lecturer, AIAA Associate Fellow







wo NASA astronauts splashed down safely in theGulf of Mexico Sunday for the first time in acommercially built and operated American crew

spacecraft, returning from the International Space Stationto complete a test flight that marks a new era in humanspaceflight.

TSpaceX’s Crew Dragon, carrying Robert Behnken andDouglas Hurley, splashed down under parachutes in theGulf of Mexico off the coast of Pensacola, Florida at2:48 p.m. EDT Sunday and was successfully recoveredby SpaceX. After returning to shore, the astronautsimmediately will fly back to Houston.

“Welcome home, Bob and Doug! Congratulations to theNASA and SpaceX teams for the incredible work tomake this test flight possible,” said NASA AdministratorJim Bridenstine. “It’s a testament to what we canaccomplish when we work together to do somethingoncethought impossible. Partners are key to how we gofarther than ever before and take the next steps on daringmissions to the Moon and Mars.”

Behnken and Hurley’s return was the first splashdownfor American astronauts since Thomas Stafford, VanceBrand, and Donald “Deke” Slayton landed in the PacificOcean off the coast of Hawaii on July 24, 1975, at theend of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project.

NASA’s SpaceX Demo-2 test flight launched May 30from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Afterreaching orbit, Behnken and Hurley named their CrewDragon spacecraft “Endeavour” as a tribute to the firstspace shuttle each astronaut had flown aboard.

SpaceX’s Crew Dragon, carrying NASA astronauts Robert Behnkenand Douglas Hurley, splashes down in the Gulf of Mexico off thecoast of Pensacola, Florida at 2:48 p.m. EDT Aug. 2, 2020, where thespacecraft is recovered by SpaceX and brought aboard the recoveryship 'Go Navigator.' (Credits: NASA Television)


NASA Astronauts Safely Splash Down after First Commercial Crew Flightto Space Station (2 August, 2020 RELEASE 20-078 by NASA)https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-astronauts-safely-splash-down-after-first-commercial-crew-flight-to-space-station

https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-astronauts-safely-splash-down-after-first-commercial-crew-flight-to-space-station

https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-astronauts-launch-from-america-in-historic-test-flight-of-spacex-crew-dragon

https://www.nasa.gov/topics/history/features/astp.html

https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/douglas-g-hurley






Dynetics to develop NASA’s Artemis Human Lunar Landing SystemReleased on 30 April, 2020 https://www.dynetics.com/newsroom/news/2020/dynetics-to-develop-nasas-artemis-human-lunar-landing-system (with permission) (#DyneticsHLS)

UNTSVILLE, Ala. - Dynetics, a wholly ownedsubsidiary of Leidos (NYSE: LDOS), has beenawarded a contract under NASA's Artemis

program to design a Human Landing System (HLS) andcompete to build a system to take the first woman andnext man to the lunar surface by 2024.

HDynetics is one of three prime contractors selected.The Dynetics approach enables near-term reusability andsustainability and provides a robust, commerciallysupported lander capability, while boasting flight-proventechnologies for habitat, power, thermal and othersubsystems. The system's crew module is designed toaccommodate two crew members for nominal missionsfrom lunar orbit to the lunar surface and back, includingsurface habitation for about a week. Alternatively, it canferry up to four suited crew members to or from the lunarsurface."There's really no more exciting mission than deliveringhumans to other planetary bodies," said Kim Doering,Dynetics vice president of Space Systems. "However, it'salso among the most challenging endeavors, particularlygiven the goal of landing on the moon in 2024. Webelieve Dynetics has the recipe for success.""As a new member of the Leidos family, Dyneticscontinues to lead the industry with talented innovatorseager to solve today's complex problems," said LeidosChairman and CEO Roger Krone. "NASA's HLS is trulyinnovative and one that will revolutionize space travel.We are fully committed to this endeavor and proud tojoin the team returning Americans to the moon."The Dynetics HLS can be fully integrated and launchedon the Space Launch System (SLS) Block 1B vehicle.For commercial launches, it can be flown aboard UnitedLaunch Alliance's Vulcan Centaur rocket.With Dynetics as the prime contractor and systemintegrator, the team is composed of a broad and diverse

set of small and mid-size businesses, as well as NASAfield centers with industry-recognized technical expertiseand programmatic experience. The Dynetics-led team islocated in 17 U.S. states and one international country.Major components and subsystems will be built, testedand integrated at a Dynetics facility in northern Alabama.In addition, Dynetics is also delivering critical hardwareto NASA's Space Launch System (SLS) Core Stage,Exploration Upper Stage, Orion Multi-Purpose CrewVehicle, and the International Space Station (ISS).The experienced team of partners and subcontractorsinclude:•Thales Alenia Space Italy

•Draper Laboratory

•Sierra Nevada Corporation

•Oceaneering International

•Paragon Space DevelopmentCorporation

•United Launch Alliance

•Dynamic Concepts Inc.

•Maxar Technologies

•Creare LLC

•Craig Technologies Inc.

•L3Harris Technologies Inc.

•ILC Dover

•Sierra Lobo Inc.

•JBS Solutions

•All Points LLC

•Cepeda Systems & SoftwareAnalysis Inc.

•Victory Solutions Inc

•Astrobotic Technology

•ATA Engineering Inc.

•Ecliptic Enterprises Corporation

•Bionetics Corporation

•APT Research Inc.

•Space Exploration Engineering

•Osare Space Consulting Group

•Tuskegee UniversityAbout DyneticsDynetics, a wholly owned subsidiary of Leidos, provides responsive,cost-effective engineering, scientific, IT solutions to the nationalsecurity, cybersecurity, space, and critical infrastructure sectors. Ourportfolio features highly specialized technical services and a rangeof software and hardware products, including components,subsystems, and complex end-to-end systems. The company of morethan 2,500 employees is based in Huntsville, Ala., and has officesthroughout the U.S. For more information, visit www.dynetics.com.About LeidosLeidos is a Fortune 500® information technology, engineering, andscience solutions and services leader working to solve the world'stoughest challenges in the defense, intelligence, homeland security,civil, and health markets. The company's 36,000 employees supportvital missions for government and commercial customers.Headquartered in Reston, Virginia, Leidos reported annual revenuesof approximately $11.09 billion for the fiscal year ended January 3,2020. For more information, visit www.Leidos.com.###Statements in this announcement, other than historical data and information, constitute forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. A number of factors could cause our actual results,performance, achievements, or industry results to be very different from the results, performance, or achievementsexpressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Some of these factors include, but are not limited to, therisk factors set forth in the company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended January 3, 2020, andother such filings that Leidos makes with the SEC from time to time. Due to such uncertainties and risks, readersare cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the datehereof.

http://www.leidos.com/

http://www.dynetics.com/

https://www.dynetics.com/newsroom/news/2020/dynetics-to-develop-nasas-artemis-human-lunar-landing-system

https://www.dynetics.com/newsroom/news/2020/dynetics-to-develop-nasas-artemis-human-lunar-landing-system






3D Print Your Own Dynetics' Human Landing SystemReleased on 12 June, 2020 https://www.dynetics.com/newsroom/features/2020/3d-print-your-own-dynetics-human-landing-system (with permission) (#DyneticsHLS)

eady to bring the Dynetics Human Landing System build to YOUR own home? At Dynetics, solving hardproblems is what we do best. We are tackling some of the nation's most unique challenges, like helping landthe first woman and next man on the moon. This sort of technology is critical to our nation, and that's why we

feel it's important to share it with you through our virtual outreach program.RThe Dynetics HLS can be fully integrated and launched on the Space Launch System (SLS) Block 1B vehicle. For commercial launches, it can be flown aboard United Launch Alliance Vulcan Centaur rocket - and you can now 3D-print your very own model.

The Dynetics HLS team has crafted a set of step-by-step instructions for you to follow in building your lander. You can access the build files and assembly instructions here.

Don't forget to share pictures by tagging us on our social media platforms, make sure to use #DyneticsHLS. Happy building!

https://www.dynetics.com/about/corporate-responsibility/#virtual-outreach

https://www.dynetics.com/newsroom/features/2020/3d-print-your-own-dynetics-human-landing-system






Carnegie Mellon Robot, Art Project To Land on Moon in 2021CMU Becomes Space-Faring University With Payloads Aboard Astrobotic Landerby Byron Spice (SCS) and Pam Wigley (CFA) first published on 6 June, 2019https://www.cs.cmu.edu/news/carnegie-mellon-robot-art-project-land-moon-2021 (with Permission)

CMU is sending a robotic rover to the moon. Equipped with videocameras, it will be one of the first American rovers to explore themoon's surface.

arnegie Mellon University is going to the moon,sending a robotic rover and an intricatelydesigned arts package that will land in July 2021.C

The four-wheeled robot is being developed by a CMUteam led by William "Red" Whittaker, professor in theRobotics Institute. Equipped with video cameras, it willbe one of the first American rovers to explore the moon'ssurface. Although NASA landed the first humans on themoon almost 50 years ago, the U.S. space agency hasnever launched a robotic lunar rover.

The arts package, called MoonArk, is the creationof Lowry Burgess, space artist and professor emeritus inthe CMU School of Art. The eight-ounce MoonArk hasfour elaborate chambers that contain hundreds of images,poems, music, nano-objects, mechanisms and earthlysamples intertwined through complex narratives that blurthe boundaries between worlds seen and unseen.

"Carnegie Mellon is one of the world's leaders inrobotics. It's natural that our university would expand itstechnological footprint to another world," said J. MichaelMcQuade, CMU's vice president of research. "We areexcited to expand our knowledge of the moon anddevelop lunar technology that will assist NASA in itsgoal of landing astronauts on the lunar surface by 2024."

Both payloads will be delivered to the moon by aPeregrine lander, built and operated by Astrobotic Inc., aCMU spinoff company in Pittsburgh. NASA last weekawarded a $79.5 million contract to Astrobotic to deliver

14 scientific payloads to the lunar surface, making theJuly 2021 mission possible. CMU independentlynegotiated with Astrobotic to hitch a ride on the lander'sfirst mission.

"CMU robots have been on land, on the sea, in the air,underwater and underground," said Whittaker, FredkinUniversity Research Professor and director of the FieldRobotics Center. "The next frontier is the high frontier."

For more than 30 years at the Robotics Institute,Whittaker has led the creation of a series of robots thatdeveloped technologies intended for planetary rovers —robots with names such as Ambler, Nomad, Scarab andAndy. And CMU software has helped NASA's Marsrovers navigate on their own.

"We're more than techies — we're scholars of the moon,"Whittaker said.

The CMU robot headed to the moon is modest in sizeand form; Whittaker calls it "a shoebox with wheels." Itweighs only a little more than four pounds, but it carrieslarge ambitions. Whittaker sees it as the first of a newfamily of robots that will make planetary roboticsaffordable for universities and other private entities.

The Soviet Union put large rovers on the moon 50 yearsago, and China has a robot on the far side of the moonnow, but these were massive programs affordable only byhuge nations. The concept of CMU's rover is similar tothat of CubeSats. These small, inexpensive satellitesrevolutionized missions to Earth's orbit two decades ago,enabling even small research groups to launchexperiments.

Miniaturization is a big factor in affordability, Whittakersaid. Whereas the Soviet robots each weighed as much asa buffalo and China's rover is the weight of a panda bear,CMU's rover weighs half as much as a house cat.

The Astrobotic landing will be on the near side of themoon in the vicinity of Lacus Mortis, or Lake of Death,which features a large pit the size of Pittsburgh's HeinzField that is of considerable scientific interest. The roverwill serve largely as a mobile video platform, providingthe first ground-level imagery of the site.


https://frc.ri.cmu.edu/

https://frc.ri.cmu.edu/

https://www.astrobotic.com/2019/5/31/astrobotic-awarded-79-5-million-contract-to-deliver-14-nasa-payloads-to-the-moon

http://www.art.cmu.edu/

https://www.cmu.edu/cas/people/burgess_lowry.html

http://moonarts.org/

https://www.ri.cmu.edu/

https://www.ri.cmu.edu/ri-faculty/william-red-l-whittaker/

https://www.cs.cmu.edu/news/carnegie-mellon-robot-art-project-land-moon-2021






Comet C/2020 F3 "NEOWISE"by Daniel R. Adamo, Independent Astrodynamics Consultant, NASA JSC – Retired, AIAA Distinguished Lecturer /Mentor, AIAA Associate Fellow, ([email protected]), 15 July, 2020

Figure 1. Sun-centered motion of Comet C/2020 F3 "NEOWISE" and Earth are plotted from June through August2020. Dotted lines are projections onto Earth's orbit plane. (Continued on Page 24)

omet C/2020 F3 was discovered on 27 March 2020 with the NEOWISE infrared telescope in low-Earth orbitas it was inbound to a 3.7 July 2020 UT perihelion at 0.29 au (29% of Earth's distance from the Sun). Aftersurviving the stresses of perihelion, C/2020 F3 became visible to the unaided eye from mid-northern Earth

latitudes shortly thereafter. As illustrated by Figure 1, the comet's closest approach to Earth will be 23.1 July 2020 UTat a distance of 0.69 au.

C







What Mourning the "Death" of a Robot Looks Like on Social MediaPeople Use Similar Language to Describe Feelings for Animate and Inanimate Objectsby Virginia Alvino Young, first published on 16 July, 2020https://www.cs.cmu.edu/news/what-mourning-death-robot-looks-social-media (with Permission)

CMU researchers have found that people have a hardtime differentiating between tweets about humans andtweets about robots, especially NASA's Opportunityrover (shown here), which ceased communications in2018.

IP Oppy" sounds like a condolence for ahuman, or at least a pet. But it's actually aphrase that was shared on social media

about NASA's Opportunity rover project, which ceasedcommunications from Mars in 2018.

"RElizabeth Carter is a project scientist in the RoboticsInstitute in Carnegie Mellon University's School ofComputer Science. "I saw the social media response toOpportunity's mission officially ending, and people wereposting all over Facebook and Twitter about how sadthey were, and I was surprised by how similar it seemedto when a celebrity passes away," she said.

To determine if average users could tell the differencebetween tweets about robots, humans, animals andobjects, her research team presented a user group withsamples of deidentified tweets about various "deaths."These included people like Mac Miller, animals likeGrumpy Cat and robots like Opportunity and Jibo.

The researchers found that people often had a difficulttime discerning the subject type of robot-related tweets,especially when it came to Opportunity. "Oppy" tweetswere mistaken for being about a human 63% of the time.The pronoun "you" was used in more than half of the

sampled tweets about Opportunity. Among those, 72%were directed at the rover, with others directed at NASAand its scientists.

Since Opportunity landed on Mars in 2004, many peoplehave learned about the rover in school and followed itsresearch findings. Carter speculates that, as was the casewith her, the project inspired many people around theworld. "It's nice that so many people cared so muchabout a research project that they took to social media torespond to its completion," she said. Carter said itillustrates the importance of educational programs andpublic outreach for science projects.

Carter said there has been a lot of research in lab studiesabout how people anthropomorphize robots, but sincemany people don't have robots in their homes, therehasn't been much opportunity to see how people respondoutside the lab. "It's hard to study these types of thingsout in the world, and this was a unique opportunity to atleast see how people talk about robots in thesecircumstances," she said.

"Death of a Robot: Social Media Reactions andLanguage Usage When a Robot Stops Operating" is co-written by Samantha Reig, Xiang Zhi Tan, Gierad Laput,Stephanie Rosenthal, and Aaron Steinfeld, all ofCarnegie Mellon University. The paper was presentedearlier this year at the ACM/IEEE InternationalConference on Human-Robot Interaction.

About the Institute

The School of Computer Science at Carnegie MellonUniversity is world-renowned for its computer science,artificial intelligence and robotics education andresearch programs. The Pittsburgh-based school takesan expansive view of computer science with sevenacademic units -- computational biology, computerscience, human-computer interaction, languagetechnologies, machine learning, robotics and softwareresearch. The school is characterized by itsinterdisciplinary focus on creating and implementingsolutions for real problems.

https://www.cs.cmu.edu/news/what-mourning-death-robot-looks-social-media

https://humanrobotinteraction.org/2020/

https://humanrobotinteraction.org/2020/

http://www.rosenthalphd.com/papers/CarterRosenthal_HRI2020.pdf

http://www.rosenthalphd.com/papers/CarterRosenthal_HRI2020.pdf



https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/rover-status/#recent






Participating in IAAC 2020by Tapaswini Sharma, high school student in India, about to become a college student in India

stronomy is one of the most captivatingbranches in Space Science. It enables us to seebeyond the ordinary and experience the world of

stars, planets and celestial bodies through the lens of atelescope. I became a devotee of astronomy when I useda telescope at the ISDC, 2015 to observe the night sky. Itwas mesmerizing, full of stars! Ever since then, I havebeen enchanted by the wonders in space.

A

This year, I took on a challenge and participated in theInternational Astronomy and Astrophysics Competition,2020. It is an online competition that enables studentsaround the globe to prove their skills through solvingchallenging problems in astronomy. It was an intensecompetition to say the least. There were three rounds- thequalification round, the pre-final round and the finalround. There were two categories:

Junior (below 18) and Youth (above 18). Only highschool and students were allowed to participate. Thequalification round and the pre-final round consisted of aset of problems to be solved with varying difficultylevels and the final round comprised of an exam whichcould be attempted after passing the previous rounds.

I started solving the problems presented in thequalification round about 3 hours before the deadline. Itwas post midnight in India and I tried hard to solve allthe problems that were in the document provided. It wasa strenuous task as it was my first time tackling thecreatively challenging problems. I sent my answers a fewminutes before the deadline and patiently waited for theresults. To my surprise, I passed the qualification roundand advanced to the pre-final round. This time, thedifficulty of the questions had been increased and I hadto sit down with my rough book and a pen. By the time Iwas done answering the questions, my book was full! Ihad spent 7 hours straight to understand and answer thesequestions. My hard work paid off and I proceededtowards the final round. It was an exam with 40questions and I was given 60 seconds to answer eachquestion. On 17 July, 2020, I took the final round exam

and gave my best. It was probably my most anxiousmoment in the competition. I couldn't wait to get myresults!

The results of IAAC were announced on 27 July, 2020and I was placed among the Top 5% of participantsaround the globe. This was based on my performancethroughout the competition. I couldn't believe that I hadsuccessfully competed and accomplished this enormousgoal. It was truly amazing! I had never thought that myknowledge of astronomy would help me get this farahead in all of the rounds of the IAAC. It was definitelya thrilling experience! I look forward to participating inmore such competitions and taking on new challenges.

Tapaswini SharmaTapaswini Sharma is a student in India, who has recentlygraduated from high school. She will soon begin collegeand is looking forward to learning about the differentsubjects in space science. She is keenly enthusiasticabout space science and aims to be an astronomer and aninventor. She is currently working on several researchprojects including a radiation protection shield andspacecrafts for deep space missions.






1 Introduction

he Global Exploration Roadmap, promoted byNASA and 13 other space agencies through theInternational Space Exploration Coordination

Group, currently proceeds from humans at lunardestinations directly to humans at Mars [1, p. 3].Following this path entails spanning a formidable leap inhuman space flight (HSF) capability. Roundtrip missionduration Dt jumps from days or weeks for the Moon toyears for Mars. Two-way communications with Earthhave a light-time lag of 2.4 seconds at the Moon, andreasonably routine conversation is possible. Dependingon positions of Earth and Mars about the Sun, two-waycommunications between these planets have light-timedelays from 6.3 to 44 minutes. Thus, levels of HSFsystems reliability and crew autonomy required at theMoon must be multiplied many times to reach Mars,conduct productive exploration operations there, andreturn to Earth safely.

T

Bridging the HSF capability gap between the Moon andMars are "steppingstone" destinations provided by near-Earth objects (NEOs). Mission analysis demonstratesmany NEOs are intermediate in accessibility between theMoon and Mars as quantified by fundamental roundtripchange-in-velocity Dv and Dt metrics (see Figure 1).According to NASA's Center for Near-Earth ObjectStudies daily NEO HSF Accessible Targets Study(NHATS, pronounced "gnats") processing, the subset ofknown NEOs more accessible to HSF than Marscurrently numbers 3046 [2]. With NEO steppingstonedestinations, HSF can incrementally increase Dv and Dtuntil Mars visits are relatively routine. Furthermore,NEOs are compelling destinations in their own rightbecause they offer the opportunity to investigate moreexploration themes than any other HSF destination [3]:1) Planetary science on bodies relatively unmodifiedsince early Solar System formation,

2) Planetary defense on bodies having potential to impactEarth with disastrous effects, and3) In-situ resource utilization (ISRU) on bodies withmaterials of strategic and/or commercial valuetransportable throughout the inner Solar System.

As has been the case since the Apollo Program in the1960s, robotic precursor missions help pave the way toan exploration destination such as the Moon by retiringrisk for subsequent HSF visits [4, 5]. In connection withthe current Artemis Program's human return to the Moon,robotic precursors are being instigated through NASA'sCommercial Lunar Payload Services initiative [6]. Theselunar precursors tend to be science-centered, but theyalso incorporate technology demonstration objectivesaddressing HSF and ISRU knowledge gaps.

Other HSF knowledge gaps exist at NEO destinations,but Earth-based observations, together with roboticprecursors such as JAXA's Hayabusa2 [7] and NASA'sOSIRIS-REx [8], are already beginning to fill them.When observations and precursor missions described inthis paper lead to safe and rewarding NEO visits byhumans, exploration productivity at these destinationswill be increased by orders of magnitude, as wasdemonstrated during Apollo lunar surface operations [9].Aided by modern technology, a synergistic collaborationbetween humans and robots at NEOs promises to dwarfany off-Earth exploration productivity previouslydemonstrated. Future robotic visits to NEOs should planto lay the groundwork for this collaboration.

2 Institutional Support to NEO Exploration

Surveys to detect, catalog, and characterize NEOs withremote sensing techniques are justified primarily byplanetary defense objectives such as the George E.Brown NEO Survey [11, p. Xi]. This Congressionallymandated survey will not be completed before its 2020deadline. (Continued on Page 25)

Near-Earth Object Exploration Leading to Human Visitsby Daniel R. Adamo, Independent Astrodynamics Consultant, NASA JSC – Retired, AIAA Distinguished Lecturer / Mentor, AIAAAssociate Fellow, ([email protected]), 11 July 2020Paul A. Abell, NASA-Johnson Space CenterRobert C. Anderson, Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of TechnologyBrent W. Barbee, NASA-Goddard Space Flight CenterThomas D. Jones, Senior Research Scientist, Institute for Human and Machine CognitionDaniel D. Mazanek, NASA Langley Research CenterGregg Podnar, Robot Systems Architect, Aeolus Robotics







AIAA LA-LV e-Town Hall Meeting (11 July, 2020, AM) (Screenshots Only)Part I: Dr. Aki Roberge (Towards Earth 2.0: Exoplanets and Future Space Telescopes)Part II: John Thornton (Making Space Accessible to the World)https://aiaa-lalv.org/july-11-2020-am-e-town-hall-meeting-with-dr-aki-roberge-nasa-goddard-and-mr-john-thornton-astrobotic/

Agenda for July 11 e-Town Hall Meeting

Dr. Aki Roberge explaining the LUVOIR Design Highlights ad theSearch for Life - Bio-signatures

LUVOIR – Industry partners.

Europa as an example comparing LUVOIR and HST results.

Launch Vehicle options for launching LUVOIR

Dr. Aki Roberge explaining the evolution of the space telescopes andthe efforts for searching Earth 2.0.


https://aiaa-lalv.org/july-11-2020-am-e-town-hall-meeting-with-dr-aki-roberge-nasa-goddard-and-mr-john-thornton-astrobotic/






AIAA LA-LV Honors Aerospace African American Professionals! (11 July, 2020, PM)(Screenshots Only) https://aiaa-lalv.org/july-11-2020-pm-aiaa-la-lv-honors-aerospace-african-american-professionals/

Agenda for the special event on July 11: AIAA LA-LV HonorsAerospace African American Professionals.

The MC/Moderator of this auspicious event, Mr. Stephen Guine(Northrop Grumman), opening the event and explaining the greatcontributions from the African American Professionals, such as theTuskegee Airman and more.

Dr. Christian Taylor (Founder and CEO, Intelligence Space) talkingabout her personal experiences, career, and her efforts in spaceexploration, space AI, Machine Learning, especially on space debrismitigation. Very inspiring!

We got a special distinguished guest, Mr. Shelby Jacobs, an Apollo11 engineer, who took the famous “Blue Marble” image thatprovided the Earth was round. (From the web video authorized byMr. Shelby Jacobs)

A TV interview with Mr. Shelby Jacobs. (From the web videoauthorized by Mr. Shelby Jacobs)

Mr. Mike Wallace (Raytheon) sharing his unique experiences,efforts, and backgrounds, giving advice to young people.


https://aiaa-lalv.org/july-11-2020-pm-aiaa-la-lv-honors-aerospace-african-american-professionals/






AIAA LA-LV Apollo 11 (51st) and Vikings (44th) Anniversary (18 July, 2020)(Screenshots Only)Part I: Prof. David Barnhart (Moving Past Apollo: This generation's tools to build the 2nd major step for Mankind inSpace)Part II: James R. French (AIAA Fellow) (Gone But Not Forgotten, The Test Stands for the Rocket Engines of Apollo)Part III: Carl Stechman (Evolution of the Apollo SM/LM RCS rocket engine into Cassini and Orion)Part IV: Gerald Blackburn (250,000 miles a Proper Social Distance?- The Aerospace Industry was a significantdeveloper of the Contamination Control Technologies and Techniques used today)https://aiaa-lalv.org/july-18-2020-apollo-11-51st-and-vikings-44th/

Agenda for the PDAE e-mini-conference on June 27.Dr. Nahum Melamed (Aerospace Corp.) making the introduction.

Dr. Mark Boslough (Sandia National Laboratory, New MexicoUniversity) giving a special note as the special guest of the event.

Dr. Melamed compared the sizes of a typical NEO asteroid & LA.

Dr. Melamed is featured in the “Asteroid Hunters” IMAX film.

Dr. Melamed explaining the NASA JPL NEO Deflection App.(Continued on Page 18)

Agenda for July 18, 2020 Apollo 11 & Vikings Anniversary Event.

Prof. David Barnhart, the Director of USC ISI / SERC, Faculty Liaisonto RPL/LPL, speaking first in the event.The first showing exciting

student activities in his USC laboratories, and also fun videos toencourage people to learn from failures.

Mr. James French happily reviewing the test sites experiences storieshe had with the Apollo Missions and chatting on Zoom.

Jim sharing the breathtaking experiences he had for the Apollorocket engine testing.

Mr. French telling very fun rarely-known behind-the-scene storiesabout his involvement with the Vikings Missions to Mars and thereason why the Viking landed on Mars also on July 20th.


https://aiaa-lalv.org/july-18-2020-apollo-11-51st-and-vikings-44th/






AIAA LA-LV Online Exhibition / Outreach to Satellite and Education ConferenceXXXIII (25 July, 2020) (Screenshots Only)

Leaders of the Satellite and Education Conference XXXIII sharing their stories on STEM Outreach and histories of this Conference, as well asthe logistics, in the beginning of the Conference.

Ms. Sherry Stukes (NASA – JPL) representing AIAA Los Angeles-Las Vegas Section to introduce the organization's mission, membership,events, professional activities, and the K-12 STEM efforts etc. The e-membership is 1-year free trial before paying for the Professionalmembership. The Educator membership is free. The Student membership brings lots of benefits to the students, and there is also a greatdiscount for the Student-to-Professional transition. (aiaa.org/membership) Sherry is an amazing spokesperson for AIAA LA-LV and attractedlots of attention.

Dr. Steve Miller talking about GLM (GOES Lightning Mapper),lighting, and other satellite / space mission to inspire people.

Mr. John Moore talking about applying satellite data in K-12 STEMEducation. (Continued on Page 29)






AIAA LA-LV Young Professional (YP) Trivia Night ! (27 July, 2020)(Screenshots Only) https://aiaa-lalv.org/july-27-2020-aiaa-la-lv-young-professionals-yp-trivia-night/

Winners of the Night!Congratulations!

1st Place - Alexandra Long 2nd Place - Daniel Kosednar

3rd Place - Craig BakerEach gets a free admission to one (1) AIAALA-LV Online Webinar before May, 2021

Brett Cornick, the Young Professionals Chair of the AIAA LA-LV Section, giving quizzes while counting the time foreach question, after explaining the rules and prizes.

https://aiaa-lalv.org/july-27-2020-aiaa-la-lv-young-professionals-yp-trivia-night/






AIAA LA LV, AIAA OC, and SCALACS joint e-Town Hall Meeting (August 1)Part I: Dr. James A. Martin (The No-Cost Solution to Climate Change)Part II: Dr. Leonard J. Buckley (Chemistry in Space)(Screenshots Only) https://aiaa-lalv.org/august-1-2020-aiaa-la-lv-e-town-hall-meeting-with-dr-james-a-martin-and-dr-leonard-j-buckley/

The No-Cost Solution to Climate Changeby Dr. James A. Martin

By now, most people realize that the use of fossil fuelshas added carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, and that theaddition of greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide andmethane have increased average temperatures around theworld. Most of us also realize that the results of thisclimate change is causing increased drought, wildfires,flooding, more intense storms, etc. Some also realizethat the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increase hasincreased the acid levels of the oceans, leading to loss offood production that supports a large part of thepopulation.

Many countries have made changes that have reducedtheir use of fossil carbon. Some states in the U. S. havealso made changes, as have many individuals.Unfortunately, fossil carbon use is pervasive and difficultto reduce without action from the federal government.

Economists and atmospheric scientists agree thatincreasing the price of fossil carbon is the most efficientway to reduce its use. The Citizens’ Climate Lobby(citizensclimatelobby.org) has created a plan that willincrease the cost of fossil carbon while returning themoney to people equally as a dividend. That plan is thebasis of the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Actof 2019, currently in committees at HR 763.

The plan includes the fee on fossil carbon, the dividend,border adjustments that assure trade will not bedisrupted, and an annual increase in the fee. Once thefee is high enough to cause enough change to allow theatmosphere to reach a sustainable level of carbon, theincreases can be stopped.

Please write to your Representatives in Congress. Askthem to pass HR 763 before the election or risk losingyour vote. Consider joining Citizens’ Climate Lobby.

Dr. Martin explaining his simple concept and approach.

Dr. Martin emphasizing listening to and answer questions.

Dr. Martin emphasizing the needs to the protect our beautiful Earth. (Continued on Page 30)

https://aiaa-lalv.org/august-1-2020-aiaa-la-lv-e-town-hall-meeting-with-dr-james-a-martin-and-dr-leonard-j-buckley/

http://citizensclimatelobby.org/






Agenda for August 8, 2020 e-Town Hall Meeting

Col. Charlie Vono giving the fun talk and answering questions fromthe enthusiastic attendees.

Col. Charlie Vono flew KC-135Q In-Flight Refueling Missions for SR-71 in his early USAF career.

Col. Charlie Vono mentioning variants of SR-71, including A-21 withD-21 drones for CIA.

SR-71 was the fastest in air-breathing manned aircraft.

Charlie sharing a photo at the STC during the Q&A session. (Continued on Page 31)

AIAA LA LV e-Town Hall Meeting (August 8, 2020) (Screenshots Only)Part I: Col. Charlie Vono (AIAA Distinguished Lecturer, AIAA Associate Fellow)“In-flight Refueling the SR-71 During the Cold War”Part II: Daniel R. Adamo (AIAA Distinguished Lecturer, AIAA Associate Fellow) (Moderated by Col. Charles Vono)“Questioning the Surface of Mars as the 21st Century's Ultimate Pioneering Destination in Space”Part III: Michael Staab (The Mars 2020 Guy / Guru) “Mission Status Updates on Mars 2020” (Moderated by Col. Vono)https://aiaa-lalv.org/august-8-2020-e-town-hall-meeting-with-col-charles-vono-dan-adamo-and-michael-staab/

https://aiaa-lalv.org/august-8-2020-e-town-hall-meeting-with-col-charles-vono-dan-adamo-and-michael-staab/

https://aiaa-lalv.org/august-8-2020-e-town-hall-meeting-with-col-charles-vono-dan-adamo-and-michael-staab/






Mr. Brett Cornick, the Young Professional Chair of the AIAA LosAngeles – Las Vegas Section, leading the e-Happy Hour tonight andthe discussion.

Mr. Scott Fouse, an experienced aerospace engineer, excited aboutthis e-Happy Hour, sharing his career and life stories and giving verygood advice to young people.

Mr. Aiden Bramer, a Young Professional and an AIAA Officer in anAIAA Section in Arizona, sharing his career experiences and AIAA YPefforts in the Section where he is affiliated with.

Mr. Joseph Piotrowski, a Young Professional and the YP Chair of theAIAA Antelope Valley Section sharing his career experiences andAIAA YP efforts in the AV Section where he is affiliated with.

Dr. Erol Kilik, the Career and Workforce Development Chair in theAIAA Orange County (OC) Section sharing his rich aerospaceexperiences from many companies, making very good comments onthe aerospace industries and good advice for job/career issues.

Hafida is a lady joining from Morocco, sharing who she is doing overand telling how COVID-19 pandemic affects the life and aerospaceover there.

AIAA LA-LV Young Professional (YP) e-Happy Hour (14 August, 2020)(Screenshots Only) https://aiaa-lalv.org/august-14-2020-aiaa-la-lv-young-professionals-e-happy-hour/

https://aiaa-lalv.org/august-14-2020-aiaa-la-lv-young-professionals-e-happy-hour/






AIAA LA LV Aerospace Women’s Career Day Event (15 August, 2020) (Screenshots Only)https://aiaa-lalv.org/august-15-2020-aiaa-la-lv-section-aerospace-womens-career-day-event/

The Second Panel (YP + Women). (Courtesy of Dr. Anita Sengupta) (Upper Left to Right: Courtney Best, Dr. Anita Sengupta, MarilynMcPoland, Atty. Jennifer S. Perdigao; Middle Left to Right: Ann Devereaux, Amanda Ireland, Sherry Stukes, Brett Cornick; Lower Left to Right:Monica Maynard, Rosalyn Lowe, Kathleen Fredette, and the overall Chair of the event, Marilee Wheaton (AIAA Fellow)


The First Panel. (Upper Left to Right: Kris Acosta, Marilee Wheaton (Moderator), Janet Grondin; Lower Left to Right: Michelle Rouch,Courtney Best, Dr. Claire Leon.

https://aiaa-lalv.org/august-15-2020-aiaa-la-lv-section-aerospace-womens-career-day-event/






Figure 1. Heliocentric motion of the Hope Mars orbiter (yellow) is plotted with that of Earth (green) and Mars(red) during the spacecraft's interplanetary cruise. The plot plane is that of the ecliptic, and "+" time ticks at 30-day intervals are annotated with the UT date in YYYY-MM-DD format.4 Reference the video at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y0_2wygoZc4 about 4 minutes after it starts (accessed 7 August 2020).5 Reference Perseverance's body ID = -168 on JPL's Horizons ephemeris server.

Also known as Mars 2020, the Perseverance rover will land on Mars using a "sky crane" technique pioneered byCuriosity (alias Mars Science Laboratory, MSL) in 2012.4

Stowed aboard Perseverance is the mini-helicopterIngenuity. Operated for NASA by JPL, posted trajectory data for the Perseverance mission dated 3 August 2020indicate Mars arrival on 19 February 2021 UT. The heliocentric Perseverance Earth-to-Mars trajectory is plotted inFigure 3.5 (Continued on Page 33)

A Science Armada Sets Sail for Mars in 2020 (Continued from Page 1)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y0_2wygoZc4






How to Effectively and Affordably Observe your Complex System forEmerging Issues (Continued from Page 2)

Comparing various tests is an important source ofinformation. For instance, testing of smaller componentsmight seem to reveal a serious problem immediatelyaffecting all of your weapon systems. But if it is that bad,you should have seen it already in your flight tests. Youcan conclude that you still have precious time to addressthe issue logically and systematically.

This approach establishes requirements for large datasystem and associated assessment tools. If you havenone, start small and build as you have successes.Massive data systems projects inevitably fail, wastingvaluable time.

This approach also establishes requirements for trainedand skilled assessors. You must have a reliable plan tokeep these skills over years of sustainment.

In way of summary, the affordability aspects of thisintegrated program can be summarized as follows:

• Make sure you are looking at all your “free”data such as operations, stockage, etc

• Plan ahead to create an age surveillanceprogram for “inert” items

• Create special tests to fill gaps.

It might not be obvious, but this search for data includescontractually instituting a FRACAS-like program at your

repair depots to ensure that data is captured and reported.

Now comes the really hard part.

Even if you capture sufficient data and provide talentedpeople with the tools to analyze it, there is still animportant component that you must foster.

The general population is not good at comparingnumbers, creatively looking for the unexpected, oravoiding confirmation bias. In my career, these skillswere sought, encouraged, and rewarded. At the sametime, stupid or lazy thinking was punished, often by agood chewing out. This raised the game and otherwiselazy thinkers improved or got out.

This “General LeMay leadership” approach is not anoption today, yet well-informed but incapable people willstill find their way on to your complex systemassessment team. They will cost you, reduce moral, andgenerally throw a monkey wrench into your systemicapproaches.

What will you do about it? Will your personnel systemallow you to create and maintain a team of expertanalysts? Will you be able to reward them and keepthem? Can you create career paths for them? Because, the real key to effectively and affordablyobserving your complex system for emerging issues isyour talent pool of creative analysts.






NASA Astronauts Safely Splash Down after First Commercial Crew Flight to Space Station (Continued from Page 3)

Nearly 19 hours later, Crew Dragon docked to theforward port of the International Space Station’sHarmony module May 31.

“On behalf of all SpaceX employees, thank you to NASAfor the opportunity to return human spaceflight to theUnited States by flying NASA astronauts Bob Behnkenand Doug Hurley,” said SpaceX President and ChiefOperating Officer Gwynne Shotwell. “Congratulations tothe entire SpaceX and NASA team on such anextraordinary mission. We could not be more proud tosee Bob and Doug safely back home—we all appreciatetheir dedication to this mission and helping us start thejourney towards carrying people regularly to low Earthorbit and on to the Moon and Mars. And I really hopethey enjoyed the ride!”

Behnken and Hurley participated in a numberof scientific experiments, spacewalks and publicengagement events during their 62 days aboard station.Overall, the astronaut duo spent 64 days in orbit,completed 1,024 orbits around Earth and traveled27,147,284 statute miles.

The astronauts contributed more than 100 hours of timeto supporting the orbiting laboratory’s investigations.Hurley conducted the Droplet Formation Study inside ofthe Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG), whichevaluates water droplet formation and water flow. Hurleyalso conducted the Capillary Structures investigation,which studies the use of different structures andcontainers to manage fluids and gases.

Hurley and Behnken worked on numerous sample switchouts for the Electrolysis Measurement (EM) experiment,which looks at bubbles created using electrolysis and hasimplications for numerous electrochemical reactions anddevices. Both crew members also contributed images tothe Crew Earth Observations (CEO) study. CEO imageshelp record how our planet is changing over time, fromhuman-caused changes – such as urban growth andreservoir construction – to natural dynamic events,including hurricanes, floods, and volcanic eruptions.

Behnken conducted four spacewalks while on board thespace station with Expedition 63 Commander and NASAcolleague Chris Cassidy. The duo upgraded two powerchannels on the far starboard side of the station’s trusswith new lithium-ion batteries. They also routed power

and Ethernet cables, removed H-fixtures that were usedfor ground processing of the solar arrays prior to theirlaunch, installed a protective storage unit for roboticoperations, and removed shields and coverings inpreparation for the arrival later this year of theNanoracks commercial airlock on a SpaceX cargodelivery mission.

Behnken now is tied for most spacewalks by anAmerican astronaut with Michael Lopez-Alegria, PeggyWhitson, and Chris Cassidy, each of whom hascompleted 10 spacewalks. Behnken now has spent a totalof 61 hours and 10 minutes spacewalking, which makeshim the U.S. astronaut with the third most total timespacewalking, behind Lopez-Alegria and AndrewFeustel, and the fourth most overall.

The Demo-2 test flight is part of NASA’s CommercialCrew Program, which has worked with the U.S.aerospace industry to launch astronauts on Americanrockets and spacecraft from American soil to the spacestation for the first time since 2011. This is SpaceX’sfinal test flight and is providing data on the performanceof the Falcon 9 rocket, Crew Dragon spacecraft andground systems, as well as in-orbit, docking,splashdown, and recovery operations.

Crew Dragon Endeavour will return back to SpaceX’sDragon Lair in Florida for inspection and processing.Teams will examine the spacecraft’s data andperformance from throughout the test flight. Thecompletion of Demo-2 and the review of the mission andspacecraft pave the way for NASA to certify SpaceX’screw transportation system for regular flights carryingastronauts to and from the space station. SpaceX isreadying the hardware for the first rotational mission,called Crew-1, later this year. This mission would occurafter NASA certification, which is expected to take aboutsix weeks.

The goal of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program is safe,reliable and cost-effective transportation to and from theInternational Space Station. This could allow foradditional research time and increase the opportunity fordiscovery aboard humanity’s testbed for exploration,including helping us prepare for human exploration ofthe Moon and Mars.

https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-spacex-invite-media-to-first-operational-commercial-crew-launch

https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/commercial/crew/index.html

https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/commercial/crew/index.html

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2020/nasa-s-robot-hotel-gets-its-occupants

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=84

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html#id=1939

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/news/fruit-punch-and-foam-manage-liquids-in-space-capillary-structure-demo



https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/behnken-hurley-science-scrapbook






Carnegie Mellon Robot, Art Project To Land on Moon in 2021 (Continued from P. 6)CMU Becomes Space-Faring University With Payloads Aboard Astrobotic Lander

The MoonArk is meant to help illustrate a vital part ofthe human existence: the arts.

The MoonArk has been assembled by an internationalteam of professionals within the arts, humanities, scienceand technology communities. Mark Baskinger, associateprofessor in the CMU School of Design, is co-leading theinitiative with Lowry.

The MoonArk team includes CMU students, faculty andalumni who worked with external artists andprofessionals involved with emerging media, new andancient technologies, and hybrid processes. The teammembers hold degrees and faculty appointments indesign, engineering, architecture, chemistry, poetry,music composition and visual art, among others. Theirefforts have been coordinated by the Frank-RatchyeSTUDIO for Creative Inquiry in CMU's College of FineArts.

Baskinger calls the ark and its contents a capsule of lifeon earth, meant to help illustrate a vital part of the humanexistence: the arts.

"If this is the next step in space exploration, let's put thatexploration into the public consciousness," he said. "Whynot get people to look up and think about our spot in theuniverse, and think about where we are in the greaterscheme of things?"

About the Institute

The School of Computer Science at Carnegie MellonUniversity is world-renowned for its computer science,artificial intelligence and robotics education andresearch programs. The Pittsburgh-based school takesan expansive view of computer science with sevenacademic units -- computational biology, computerscience, human-computer interaction, languagetechnologies, machine learning, robotics and softwareresearch. The school is characterized by itsinterdisciplinary focus on creating and implementingsolutions for real problems.

About the Author

Byron Spice is the director of media relations forCarnegie Mellon University’s School of ComputerScience. Previously, he was a science writer and editorfor the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette and the AlbuquerqueJournal.

https://www.cmu.edu/cfa/

https://www.cmu.edu/cfa/

http://studioforcreativeinquiry.org/

http://studioforcreativeinquiry.org/

https://design.cmu.edu/

https://design.cmu.edu/people/faculty/mark-baskinger






Comet C/2020 F3 "NEOWISE" (Continued from Page 7)

Figure 1 also illustrates Comet C/2020 F3 revolves about the Sun in a direction opposed to Earth's motion. Itsretrograde inclination with respect to Earth's orbit plane is 128.9°, and its period is about 6800 years. Figure 2 showsthe comet's appearance from near Salem, Oregon at 10:18 PM on 14 July 2020 PDT.

Figure 2. Comet C/2020 F3 is imaged from 44.839° N; longitude 236.912° E at 05:18 AM on 15 July 2020 UT. A 200mm telephoto lens at f/3.2 is used with an exposure of 4.0 s and ISO 800. The comet's dust tail appears to beabout 2° in length. The silhouette of a Douglas fir tree appears at right.






Near-Earth Object Exploration Leading to Human Visits(Continued from Page 10)Nonetheless, NASA's NEO Surveillance Mission (NEOSM), first funded in 2019, is a means of significantlycontributing to the survey's other goals after a launch planned no earlier than 2025 [12]. Unofficial estimates forecast90% of NEOs larger than 140 meters in diameter might be cataloged after a decade of NEOSM operations.

Figure 1. Fundamental metrics Dv (vertical axis) and Dt (horizontal axis) define colored regions associated withdestinations being targeted for HSF in future decades. Green regions are minimal Dt roundtrips to the Moon,red/orange regions are Mars roundtrips, and intermediate "steppingstone" NEO roundtrips fall into the blueregion. Because direct entry is assumed on Earth return, each region is annotated with maximum geocentricspeed at +122 kilometers altitude as controlled by Dv. This graphic is adapted from [10]. (Continued on Page 34)






AIAA LA-LV e-Town Hall Meeting (11 July, 2020, AM) (Screenshots Only)(From p.11)Part I: Dr. Aki Roberge (Towards Earth 2.0: Exoplanets and Future Space Telescopes)Part II: John Thornton (Making Space Accessible to the World)

Dr. Aki Roberge explaining bio-signatures of exo-Earth / exo-planets.

Mr. John Thornton is the CEO of Astrobotic Inc., Pittsburgh, PA

Astrobotic's vision is to make space accessible to the world.

John talking about the lopsided numbers of spacecraft in the past60 years of space explorations.

Astrobotic Inc. is located next to the Three River Stadium. You mightsee their roof next time on TV during a Steelers NFL Game TVbroadcast

John showing the industry partners for Peregrine Mission #1.

Mr. Thornton introducing Astrobotic's fleet of robotic Landers.

Mr. Thornton explaining the featured award-winning technologieson Precision Landing & Hazard Avoidance with Astrobotic Inc.






AIAA LA-LV Honors Aerospace African American Professionals! (11 July, 2020, PM)(Screenshots Only) (Continued from Page 12)

Mr. Ivor Dawson (Traveling Space Museum) sharing his K-12 STEMefforts, interactions with Nichelle Nichols and William Shatner (StarTrek – The Original, and his own life stories growing up.

Ms. Tracy D. Drain (NASA-JPL) sharing her own aerospace career,fun stories like William Shatner's visit to JPL's Mission ControlCenter, and her suggestions for engaging young people.

Dr. Lindsay O'Brien Quarrie sharing his career and life experiencesdealing with racial and technology issues, making very goodsuggestions for people to deal with biases and difficulties, and alsosharing what he has been doing in AI and Computer Engineering inaerospace, also the UFO investigation efforts.

Mr. Tyrone Jacobs Jr. sharing his career pursuit and passion foraerospace, transition in jobs, and the importance of stickingtogether during difficult times like in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Mr. Shelby Jacobs sharing more personal stories and excitement ofhis aerospace career and Apollo 11 experiences, also giving veryprevious advice for the young generations and mentorship.

Mr. Stephen Guine very pleased and excited about the talks andpanel discussions, sharing his final thoughts & summaries of theevent, concluding a wonderful and meaningful fun event in theauspicious month of July and for the African American professionals.AIAA / LA-LV truly respects and honors the great contributions forthe aerospace an STEM Education from them.






AIAA LA-LV Apollo 11 (51st) and Vikings (44th) Anniversary (18 July, 2020)(Screenshots Only) (Continued from Page 13)Part I: Prof. David Barnhart (Moving Past Apollo: This generation's tools to build the 2nd major step for Mankind in Space)Part II: James R. French (AIAA Fellow) (Gone But Not Forgotten, The Test Stands for the Rocket Engines of Apollo)Part III: Carl Stechman (Evolution of the Apollo SM/LM RCS rocket engine into Cassini and Orion)Part IV: Gerald Blackburn (250,000 miles a Proper Social Distance?

Mr. Carl Stechman delightfully sharing the exicting career anddesigns for the rocket engineer, especially the famous andimportant R4-D.

Mr. Carl Stechman was very proud of the R-4D, which were madeand designed by Marquardt. The R-4D was developed on the ApolloLunar Module and also the Service Module.

New R-4D engines were also later used on the Orion and the Cassinispacecraft and got very high regards/reputation. The rocket enginesare the most important parts on satellites and spacecraft and that'swhy people like Carl were called rocket scientists.

Mr. Jerry Blackburn happily praising the other speakers and theircontributions, and happily explaining why aerospace could lead theAmerican people out of difficulties again through the COVID-19pandemic.

Some of contamination control technologies standard to Theaerospace industries actually could help greatly the fight againstthe COVID-19 pandemic and save lives.

Contamination control has been actually a vital part in theaerospace technologies and business operations. It could be time tooffer help for containing the spread of the pandemic, saving lives,and getting people back to normal and happy lives.






AIAA LA-LV Online Exhibition / Outreach to Satellite and Education ConferenceXXXIII (25 July, 2020) (Screenshots Only) (Continued from Page 14)

Joan Harper-Neely talking about new education techniques for K-12Education.

Dr. Josh Willis (NASA) talking about OMG and how to make sciencefun.

Keynote speakers and Conference leaders during the keynote talks.






It's important to identify where the carbon comes from and goes to.

Geologic Time and CO2 levels help understanding Global Warming.

Dr. James Martin answering to more questions.

The Greenhouse Effect as the process leading to Global Warming.

Dr. Leonard Buckley talking about IDA, Chemistry in Space, Space Environment, Manufacturing in Space & on Mars, Polymer in Space, andalso fun K-12 STEM examples to attract students' interests and attention, cultivating the love for science and engineering.

AIAA LA LV, AIAA OC, and SCALACS joint e-Town Hall Meeting (August 1)Part I: Dr. James A. Martin (The No-Cost Solution to Climate Change)Part II: Dr. Leonard J. Buckley (Chemistry in Space)(Screenshots Only) (Continued from Page 16)






AIAA LA LV e-Town Hall Meeting (August 8, 2020) (Screenshots Only)(Continued from P. 17)Part I: Col. Charlie Vono (AIAA Distinguished Lecturer, AIAA Associate Fellow)“In-flight Refueling the SR-71 During the Cold War”Part II: Daniel R. Adamo (AIAA Distinguished Lecturer, AIAA Associate Fellow) (Moderated by Col. Charles Vono)“Questioning the Surface of Mars as the 21st Century's Ultimate Pioneering Destination in Space”Part III: Michael Staab (The Mars 2020 Guy / Guru) “Mission Status Updates on Mars 2020” (Moderated by Col. Vono)

Mr. Dan Adamo introducing his concept and reasons for hisproposal for using Deimos as the base for sustainable human MarsExplorations / Settlement.

Mr. Dan Adamo showing a demo animation of the proposed Marsmission via Deimos, and how Mars would look like from BaseDeimos. It's public on YouTube (https://youtu.be/X10GAqA4Ky4)

The Mission is still for Mars, but with Deimos as the base foroperations and safety, with telepresence. This is part of a series oftalks. Mr. Dan Adamo will give a related talk on September 26, 2020(https://conta.cc/2BwZaaJ) on the spacecraft to accomplish thisproposed Mars-Deimos mission for sustainable human spaceflightand presence on Mars/Deimos.

Mr. Dan Adamo pointed out the hidden issues and dangers fordirect large scale human colonization on the Martian surface.

Mr. Dan Adamo listening to and answering the questions fromenthusiastic audiences.

Mr. Michael Staab (Northrop Grumman, former JPL Mars 2020Engineer), the Mars 2020 Guy/Guru, updating the most up-to-datestatus of the Perseverance Mission since the launch on July 30,2020, and what are the next major steps to expect.

https://conta.cc/2BwZaaJ

https://youtu.be/X10GAqA4Ky4






AIAA LA LV Aerospace Women’s Career Day Event (15 August, 2020) (Screenshots Only) (Continued from Page 19)

Ms. Marilee Wheaon's (Aerospace Corp., AIAA Fellow) Keynotespeech was very fun and encouraging. She is a great leader inaerospace and Women' rights.

Mr. Fred Lawler's (Raytheon) Resume and Interview Tips talk hasbeen popular.

Mr. Bill Kelly's (Aerojet-Rocketdyne Retired) popular inspirationaltalk on Why Everyone is becoming a scientist or engineer got instantfame and requests.

Ms Ann Devereaux (NASA-JPL/CalTech) giving a special andmarvelous talk about exciting career, from electrical engineering toaerospace, and the exciting Mars 2020 / Perseverance Mission!

Sarah Schulberg (SpaceX) sharing her career development in SpaceXwith the exciting projects, the pursuit of an aerospace career beforethat, and how she learned to balance between family life and work.

Gracie Hannwacker (SpaceX) also sharing her aerospace careerexperiences and how she got so excited about the SpaceX careerand all the great development there






Figure 2. Heliocentric motion of the Tianwen-1 Mars orbiter/lander/rover (cyan) is plotted with that of Earth(green) and Mars (red) during the spacecraft's interplanetary cruise. The plot plane is that of the ecliptic, and "+"time ticks at 30-day intervals are annotated with the UT date in YYYY-MM-DD format.

Figures 1-3 are viewed from an ecliptic north pole perspective such that Earth's orbit plane is exactly face-on andheliocentric motion is counterclockwise. In Figure 4, perspective is changed to a vantage point only 15° north of theecliptic, rendering motion with respect to this plane apparent. Foreshortening from this viewpoint also enables asmaller plot scale such that all three coplotted interplanetary spacecraft trajectories may be discerned at times.








Near-Earth Object Exploration Leading to Human Visits(Continued from Page 25)As noted in Section 1's Introduction, NEOs moreaccessible to HSF than Mars are abundant. Nevertheless,many of these NHATS-compliant destinations areconsidered to be of insufficient size to justify costs andrisks of a human visit. The minimal acceptable NEO sizefor human exploration has yet to be established, but thesesmall and other marginally observable NEOs aretypically discovered during close encounters with Earthand all NEO surveillance sensors. Post-encounter, NEOsare often lost to terrestrial sensors before an accurateorbit can be determined to support reliable HSF missionplanning [13]. Still other NEOs are in orbits very similarto Earth's, and they spend decades on the other side ofthe Solar System before returning to Earth's vicinity andNHATS-compliant accessibility levels [14, Figure 11].Consequently, remote sensing is necessary to identify thegreatest possible number of NEO destinations forpractical HSF missions, and only a few of these missionscan be flown at any particular time.

In addition to highly precise orbit determination, otherNEO remote-sensing capabilities are provided by SolarSystem radar facilities at Goldstone, California andArecibo, Puerto Rico. For sufficiently close Earthapproaches, radar can characterize important NEOparameters including size/shape, topography, spin state,and the presence of sufficiently detectable companionobjects. Such data can help identify appealing HSFdestinations or exclude others due to unacceptablehazards [3, Table 3.1]. Radar facilities require ongoingfunds for staffing and facilities maintenance, asrecognized by NASA's Small Bodies Assessment Group(SBAG) [15, 8th finding from SBAG 19].

The probability that a sufficiently large, NHATS-compliant NEO destination will be accessible at aprogrammatically desirable HSF launch date may beremote. Therefore, additional NEO discoveries, orbitrefinements, and physical characteristics provided byEarth-based sensors and an operational NEOSM arewelcomed by planetary defense stakeholders, togetherwith HSF and robotic mission planners. Survey missionslike NEOSM have been advocated by SBAG since 2011[15, 1st finding from SBAG 5], and this support isexpected to continue, motivated in part by SBAG'sassociation with HSF [3, Goal 3].

Because copious sample mass will undoubtedly be

returned by HSF expeditions to off-Earth destinations,state-of-the-art curation facilities on Earth are aninescapable requirement. Curation is necessary toprovide planetary protection for Earth's biosphere,sample preservation, and sample distribution to qualifiedresearchers over time. Sample returns by Hayabusa2 in2020 [7] and OSIRIS-REx in 2023 [8] illustrate the time-critical need for adequate curation facilities andpersonnel. Sufficient financial support for world-classsample curation is an investment as necessary to thestudy of NEOs as are the funds required to collect andreturn samples to Earth [15, 3rd finding from SBAG 22].

3 High-Latency Robotic Precursors at NEOs

High-latency robotic precursors are deployed atdestinations considerably more distant from theiroperators than the Moon is from Earth. Under high-latency conditions, an operator's command to the roboticprecursor cannot be confirmed by the operator beforetens of seconds to days have elapsed [17, p. 101 Latencydefinition]. This is the mode under which all NEOexploration missions {NEAR Shoemaker at (433) Eros,Hayabusa at (25143) Itokawa, Hayabusa2 at (162173)Ryugu, and OSIRIS REx at (101955) Bennu} haveheretofore operated.

Robotic autonomy required to address high latency atNEO destinations can be challenging, particularly whenperforming proximal "touch and go" operationsnecessary to obtain samples. For example, the Hayabusaspacecraft suffered uncontrolled contact with (25143)Itokawa during one of its sampling attempts [17]. Thefirst sampling attempt by OSIRIS-REx at (101955) Bennu has recently incurred two months'postponement due in part to ensuring safe operationsnear an unexpectedly rugged surface during plannedautonomous sampling [18, May 20, 2020 report].

Nevertheless, high-latency robotic precursors havedemonstrated sample return capability at NEOs [17],along with detailed surface mapping [18, March 6, 2020report], safe proximity operations [18, March 4, 2020report], proximal debris identification [18, December 14,2019 report], and ISRU prospecting [18, December 10,2018 report]. All of these capabilities are relevant todiscovering environmental properties Earth-based








Figure 3. Heliocentric motion of the Perseverance/Ingenuity Mars rover/helicopter (blue) is plotted with that ofEarth (green) and Mars (red) during the spacecraft's interplanetary cruise. The plot plane is that of the ecliptic,and "+" time ticks at 30-day intervals are annotated with the UT date in YYYY-MM-DD format.







Near-Earth Object Exploration Leading to Human Visits(Continued from Page 34)sensing has missed, identifying the most compelling HSFdestinations among NEO candidates, and reducing risksthese candidates pose to safe, productive operationsbefore humans even depart for such destinations.

Unlike HSF missions, robotic precursors are normallynot under minimal Dt constraints. Furthermore, roboticmissions do not need to make a roundtrip from Earth atall if NEO sample return is not required. A one-waymission profile, coupled with much lower precursor massthan HSF transports, permit the acceptable Dv to beincreased or the cost of launch to be reduced. Thus,multi-year outbound transits allow precursor missions toaccess virtually any NHATScompliant NEO followinglaunch during any programmatically desirable year. It isthen possible to plan precursor arrival one or more yearsbefore a crew would depart Earth for that NEOdestination on a less prolific mission opportunity withlower Dt and Dv constraints. Using this dual-missioncampaign strategy, along with sufficiently flexible HSFcapabilities and training, precursor findings canconclusively determine whether or not costs and risks forHSF to the prospective NEO destination are justifiedbefore committing a crew to launch.

4 Low-Latency Robotic Surrogates at NEOs

Low-latency robotic surrogates are deployed atdestinations considerably less distant from their operatorsthan the Moon is from Earth. When an operator is closerthan 30,000 kilometers to a robotic surrogate, a dedicatedcommunications link will have roundtrip light-timelatency less than 200 milliseconds. Aided by state-of-the-art robotic interfaces such as high-resolution zoomoptics, multispectral binocular vision, precisionmanipulators, and haptic feedback, the operator enjoysan immersive cognitive experience termed low-latencytelepresence (LLT) at the asset's location. During LLTexploration, any delay in a command/response actionbecomes transparent to the operator, even while highlydexterous tasks are performed [16, p. 101 Latencydefinition].

One of the major benefits from LLT is the operatorexplores from a shirtsleeve habitat environment, freefrom hazards and timeline overhead associated with

extra-vehicular activity (EVA) [16, Section 5.1.1]. Everyhour of EVA requires about two hours of crew activity,typically involving additional crewmembers in support ofthose who are to work outside a pressurized habitat.Activities include retrieving / checking / donning /doffing / restowing equipment, pure oxygen pre-breathe,airlock depressurization/re-pressurization, and rechargingEVA consumables. Because of this overhead, there is noinstance of back-to-back, multi-shift EVAs in the historyof HSF. In addition, EVA duration is consumables-limited by the mass and bulk a human can reasonablycarry. The longest U.S. EVA duration on record is lessthan 9 hours [19].

With LLT, continuous, round-the-clock explorationoperations could be practical if crew size and habitatdesign permit it. Indeed, such operations may beadvisable for some NEO visits because crew time at thedestination might be limited to approximately 10 days bymission Dv and Dt constraints. Regardless of whether ornot multi-shift operations are conducted, productivitylevels associated with LLT exploration at NEOs wouldgreatly exceed those achieved during high-latencyrobotic missions, and even Apollo lunar surface sorties,due to greater operational efficiencies [16, p. 87].

Using LLT, an operator is insulated from hazardous EVAactivities such as clambering over unstable NEO terrainin microgravity [16, Section 8.3]. A more expendable anddurable robotic surrogate incurs these risks and can bedesigned for specialized tasks, such as anchoring inregolith, far better than an astronaut in pressurized EVAgarb. This greater risk tolerance leads to synergisticexploration capabilities for environments no in-situhuman or autonomous robot would otherwise choose toaccess. For example, consider negotiating the debris fieldassociated with expelled material about an active NEO.Neither a space-suited human (susceptible tocontamination hazards from debris contact) nor anautonomous robot (limited in collision managementcapabilities) would enter such an environment withoutincurring considerable risk. But a well-equipped roboticsurrogate, under human control via immersive LLTinterfaces, could reliably fly sorties through the debriswith precision thrusters and manipulators to gently pushaside, examine, or sample debris in its path.








Figure 4. Heliocentric motion of Hope (yellow), Tianwen-1 (cyan), and Perseverance/Ingenuity (blue) is coplottedwith that of Earth (green) and Mars (red) from an oblique perspective 15° north of the ecliptic plane. Dotted linesfrom "+" time ticks at 30-day intervals are projections onto the ecliptic. Note Earth has no projection lines becauseit lies near the ecliptic at all times, while Mars passes from south to north of the ecliptic near its "2020-12-07" tickannotation in YYYY-MM-DD format. Tick labels for the three spacecraft trajectories are omitted to avoid over-clutter.






Near-Earth Object Exploration Leading to Human Visits(Continued from Page 36)When NEO samples are collected by an LLT roboticsurrogate, as opposed to a human during EVA, twoimportant benefits accrue. First, Earthly contamination ofthe sample is isolated to the surrogate and samplecontainer, whose cleanliness can be established andmaintained far more rigorously than EVA equipmentworn or handled by humans. Second, all humans visitingthe NEO can be isolated from potentially toxicsubstances in the sample contaminating EVA equipmentthat must subsequently be worn or handled.

Experiments evaluating LLT tasks with Earthboundrobotic surrogates have already been conducted byInternational Space Station crewmembers [16, Section7.1.1]. Prior to deploying assets at NEOs, LLT systemsand techniques would benefit from further developmentduring lunar surface exploration [16, Sections 8.1 and8.2]. Exploration of NEOs with LLT can itself feedforward to exploration of Mars. An example would behumans in a subsurface Deimos habitat controllingrobotic surrogates on the surface of Mars [16, Figure7.4].

Robotic LLT surrogates will undoubtedly be on theessential equipment stowage manifest for HSF missionsto NEOs if for no other purpose than to provide mission-critical redundancy with hardware pre-positioned at thosedestinations. Surrogates should have high functionalcommonality with robotic systems dispatched to thesame destinations on precursor missions. Precursorsystems should ideally be capable of operating over arange of autonomy modes to be compatible with datalatencies measured in days down to those of LLT. If sucha precursor confirms a candidate NEO is indeed acompelling HSF destination, it could double as an LLTsurrogate when humans arrive. Less productive LLTexploration with the precursor could also be conductedshortly before crew arrival at the NEO and shortly afterdeparture from it, further contributing to planetaryscience, planetary defense, and ISRU data return fromthis destination [16, Section 5.1.2].

5 Conclusion

Highly accessible to HSF, NEOs are strategicdestinations in any informed and prudent explorationstrategy leading from the Moon to Mars. Because theycombine exploration themes relating to planetary

science, planetary defense, and ISRU, NEOs are alsoamong the most compelling off-Earth destinations intheir own right.

High-latency robotic missions to NEOs have alreadyproven their considerable value as HSF precursors. Whenhumans follow to the most worthwhile NEO destinations,precursor systems have nearly complete feed-forwardapplications, even to the point of being repurposed asLLT surrogates for visiting crews. With LLT, humanexploration at NEO destinations is freed from the risks,limitations, and timeline overhead posed by EVAs. Thus,time spent by humans actually exploring proximal toNEOs is maximized by LLT, while productivity duringthat time is greatly increased with respect to explorationin EVA mode.

With these precepts in mind, two-mission explorationcampaigns are highly recommended for NEOdestinations. A candidate HSF destination NEO is firstidentified by remote sensing. A necessary requirementfor any such destination is at least one HSF missionopportunity meeting highly constrained Dt and Dv limitsand having Earth departure sufficiently far in the future.A high-latency robotic precursor mission is then sent tothe candidate NEO, arriving at least a year before theHSF mission opportunity would depart Earth. Thismission will, if past NEO exploration by NASA andJAXA is any precedent, return impressive rewards inplanetary science, planetary defense, and ISRU data. Iffindings from these data justify associated costs andrisks, the campaign's HSF mission is launched andconducts LLT exploration at the NEO.

The highly productive nature of LLT will greatly expandknowledge of any NEO visited by humans andcooperative robotic surrogates using this explorationmode. These visits will also ensure a safe, sustainable,and incremental path on the HSF exploration roadmap toMars.

References

[1] International Space Exploration Coordination Group,The Global Exploration Roadmap, NASA-HQ, NP-2018-01-2502-HQ, G-327035, 2018.1







Near-Earth Object Exploration Leading to Human Visits(Continued from Page 38)[2] https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/nhats/ (accessed "Data Table" with "Use Unconstrained Settings" on 19 May 2020).[3] Small Bodies Assessment Group (SBAG), Goals and Objectives for the Exploration and Investigation of the SolarSystem’s Small Bodies, 2020.2

[4] https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/lunarorb.html (accessed 19 May 2020).[5] https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/surveyor.html (accessed 19 May 2020).[6] https://www.nasa.gov/content/commercial-lunar-payload-services-overview (accessed 19 May 2020).[7] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/hayabusa-2/in-depth/ (accessed 19 May 2020).[8] https://www.nasa.gov/osiris-rex (accessed 19 May 2020).[9] https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/main.html (accessed 20 May 2020).[10] https://www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/science/NHATS_Accessible_NEAs_Summary.png (accessed 19 May 2020).[11] NRC Committee to Review Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies, Defending PlanetEarth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies: Final Report, National Academies Press, 2010.3

[12] https://spacenews.com/nasa-to-develop-mission-to-search-for-near-earth-asteroids/ (accessed 20 May 2020).[13] https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news204.html (accessed 20 May 2020).[14] D. R. Adamo, "Initial Near-Earth Object Accessibility Insights from the 'NHATSchecker' Utility", AAS 19-623,Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 171, pp. 2885-2904, Univelt, 2020.4

[15] https://www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/ (accessed 21 May 2020).[16] R. C. Anderson et al, Space Science Opportunities Augmented by Exploration Telepresence, Keck Institute forSpace Studies, 2020.5

[17] https://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/hayabusa/ (accessed 21 May 2020).[18] https://www.asteroidmission.org/latest-news/ (accessed 21 May 2020).[19] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-102.html (accessed 24 May 2020).

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 This publication may be downloaded at https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/ger_2018_small_mobile.pdf (accessed 19 May 2020).2 This document may be downloaded at https://www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/goals/SBAG_Goals_Document_2020.pdf (accessed 19 May 2020).3 This document may be downloaded at http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12842.html (accessed 20 May 2020).4 A preprint of this paper may be downloaded at http://www.aiaahouston.org/adamo_astrodynamics/ as an email attachment to the"ATIG_106" archive (accessed 20 May 2020).5 This document may be downloaded from https://www.kiss.caltech.edu/final_reports/Telepresence_Final_Report.pdf (accessed 8 June 2020).

https://www.kiss.caltech.edu/final_reports/Telepresence_Final_Report.pdf

http://www.aiaahouston.org/adamo_astrodynamics/

http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12842.html%20

https://www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/goals/SBAG_Goals_Document_2020.pdf

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/ger_2018_small_mobile.pdf

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-102.html

https://www.asteroidmission.org/latest-news/

https://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/hayabusa/

https://www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/

https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news204.html

https://spacenews.com/nasa-to-develop-mission-to-search-for-near-earth-asteroids/

https://www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/science/NHATS_Accessible_NEAs_Summary.png

https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/main.html

https://www.nasa.gov/osiris-rex

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/hayabusa-2/in-depth/

https://www.nasa.gov/content/commercial-lunar-payload-services-overview

https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/surveyor.html

https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/lunarorb.html

https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/nhats/






Comet Neowise: 12.5 minute exposure time over 25x images with a tracking equatorial mount. Sony A7riii camera with a 55 mm lens at f/2.Taken towards the end of July, so after peak from near Mojave CA. Post processing in Deep Sky Stacker and Photoshop. (Credit: MatthewKuhns, Masten Space Systems. https://aiaa-lalv.org/june-15-2020-aiaa-member-spotlight-on-matthew-kuhns/)

Comet Neowise Gallery Part 1 of 4

https://aiaa-lalv.org/june-15-2020-aiaa-member-spotlight-on-matthew-kuhns/






Comet Neowise taken at 8:56 pm local time, 55 mm zoom setting, ISO 1600, 5.0 sec. exposure at f5.6. This is close to what you see in binocs,although this photo has a wider field of view. (Photo Courtesy of Michael Mackowski)

Comet Neowise taken at 9:12 pm local time, 250 mm zoom setting, ISO 3200, 4.0 sec. exposure at f5.6. (Photo Courtesy of MichaelMackowski, AIAA Member, Chair of the AIAA Phoenix Section)








Comet Neowise (in the circle), Mrs. Karen Pestana with binoculars, and the city of Bakersfield in the distance, after sunset on July 14 fromBear Mountain. (Photo Courtesy of Mark Pestana)

Comet Neowise taken from Bear Valley Springs on July 8 by Col. Mark Pestana (AIAA member, renowned aerospace artist, former NASA TestPilot), with a Nikon CoolPix S7000. (Photo Courtesy of Mark Pestana)







Comet Neowise taken from Bear Valley Springs on July 11 by Col. Mark Pestana (AIAA member, renowned aerospace artist, former NASATest Pilot), with a Nikon CoolPix S7000. (Photo Courtesy of Mark Pestana)

Comet Neowise taken at 4:26 am local time, on the eastern edge of the Phoenix suburbs, using a Canon SL3 camera, 220 mm zoom setting,ISO 1600, 2.0 sec. exposure at f8. The Superstition Mountains form the skyline horizon. (Photo Courtesy of Michael Mackowski)






Daniel R. Adamo

AIAA Distinguished LecturerAIAA Associate Fellow(Independent AstrodynamicsConsultant)(NASA JSC - Retired)

Mr. Dan Adamo is an astrodynamicsconsultant focused on space missiontrajectory design, operations, andarchitecture. He works with clientsprimarily at NASA and in academia.

Until retirement in 2008, Mr. Adamo was employed by UnitedSpace Alliance as a trajectory expert, serving as a “frontroom” flight controller for 60 Space Shuttle missions. Alongwith console duties during simulations and missions, this jobentailed development of trajectory designs, software tools,flight rules, console procedures, and operations concepts. Mr.Adamo began his career at the Perkin-Elmer Corporationwhere he developed and operated proof-of-concept softwarefor computer-controlled polishing of optical elements. He hasdegrees in Physical Sciences and Optical Engineering from theUniversity of Houston and the University of Rochester,respectively.

Mr. Adamo is an AIAA Associate Fellow and the author ofmany publications.(ref. http://www.aiaahouston.org/adamo_astrodynamics/).

He has received numerous awards, including 14 NASA GroupAchievement Awards.

*Mr. Adamo will be presenting on August 8 and September26. Please join us !

August 8, 2020Questioning the Surface of Mars as the 21st Century'sUltimate Pioneering Destination in Spacehttps://conta.cc/2WdBwYF

September 26, 2020Aquarius, a Reusable Water-Based Interplanetary HumanSpaceflight Transporthttps://conta.cc/2BwZaaJ

Please also see below for Mr. Adamo's trajectories analysisand photo on Comet Neowise, in the joint call for photos,feedback, or articles.

Janet Grondin

AIAA LA-LV MemberVice President, Defense Programs for

Stellar Solutions, Inc.Former Director, Northrop Grumman

Colonel, USAF-Retired

President,Women In Defense Greater Los Angeles Chapter

(WID-GLAC)Executive Board Member,

National Defense Industrial Association Greater LosAngeles Chapter (NDIA-GLAC)

Janet Grondin is Vice President of Defense Programs forStellar Solutions, Inc, a small, woman-owned businessproviding high impact engineering services to significantnational and international customers for 25 years. Prior to thisrole, she was Director of Emerging Space Capabilities atStellar Solutions. Ms Grondin is a former Northrop GrummanDirector and a retired USAF Colonel with over 30 years ofexperience in navigation, remote sensing, satellitecommunications, launch, space superiority, and launch ranges.Her education includes a B.S. in Aeronautical Engineering(magna cum laude) from Embry-Riddle AeronauticalUniversity, a M.S. in Aeronautical Engineering from the AFInstitute of Technology, a M.S. in Strategic Studies from AirWar College, and a M.S. in Military Operational Art &Science from Air Command and Staff College. Janet is thePresident of the Women In Defense Greater Los AngelesChapter (WID-GLAC) and an Executive Board Member of theNational Defense Industrial Association Greater Los AngelesChapter (NDIA-GLAC). Janet and her husband, Pat, have 2sons in college and reside in San Pedro, CA.

Janet's father was a private pilot and a mechanical engineer.He held several patents and built his own Starduster II fromblueprints. She got a ride in his Starduster just before he hadto stop flying...it was a beautiful airplane!

Janet caught the bug for aviation from her Dad and applied toEmbry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Prescott, AZ. Shewas accepted and also, later, received an AFROTCscholarship. ERAU was the perfect school for her and Det 028was a great launching pad for her AF career.

AIAA Member Spotlight Summary (16 July – 24 Aug.)(20 July and 17 Aug.)


https://conta.cc/2WdBwYF

http://www.aiaahouston.org/adamo_astrodynamics/






AIAA Member Spotlight Summary (24 August, 2020)

Prof. Jason L. Speyer

AIAA HONORARY FELLOWMember, National Academy of Engineering

Ronald and Valerie Sugar Distinguished Professor,Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department and

the Electrical Engineering Department, UCLA

AIAA Mechanics and Control of Flight AwardAIAA Dryden Lectureship in Research

AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control AwardAir Force Exceptional Civilian Decoration (1991 and 2001)

IEEE Third Millennium MedalRichard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award

------------------------------------

Please see next page for the bio: "My very early focus in aeronautics and current wildest hopes"







Prof. Jason L. SpeyerAIAA HONORARY FELLOW

Member, National Academy of Engineering

My very early focus in aeronautics and current wildest hopes

During the New England winters when I was about eight years old, I would pray for snow. Since I lived in a small city calledMalden about four miles due north of downtown Boston, having a few snow storms in the winter was quite likely. It was not inmy interest to crave snow so they might cancel school, which often happened, nor was I a big fan of winter sports, although Ienjoyed ice hockey and an occasional snowball fight was great fun. To play hockey all you needed was a cold spell to freeze thenearby lake. The reason I prayed for snow was that once the storm was over, I offered to shovel away the snow on my neighbors’driveways and walkways. I would work into the early night, making about a quarter to thirty five cents a driveway. Once havingsecured about sixty five to seventy five cents, I would beg my mother to drive me to the hobby store that was about three milesfrom our home where I would be able to buy two airplane model kits, each a quarter and a tube of glue for ten cents. These werebalsa model kits that produced rather large models that flew, but usually not very well. It would take me about a week to finishone, and usually hung it up in my bedroom near the ceiling. There were all kinds of aircraft, from the British Spad and GermanFokker to the spitfire and P-38 flying tiger. The construction of these balsa models had many similarities to the structure of oldcanvas covered aircraft, such as the Aeronca Model 7 Champion . The wings had balsa spars and cords that were covered withtissue paper, which after being wet would dry and shrink to be taut (make sure the grain of the paper is set correctly). The motorwas a rubber band that came with the kit, which when tightly wound gave a bit of power once released.When there was no roomto hang a new airplane model, I would take an old one, climb what we called the mountain, and launch it over a cliff. Sometimesthey went well, but some were disappointing flyers.

In some sense I have never grown out of my fascination with flying machines: aircraft or spacecraft. Nevertheless, at eight I hada lot to learn. If I had some understanding of stability and control, maybe I could have enhanced how my planes flew. After all,the Wright brothers’ understanding of aircraft stability is their essential contribution. Although the technical breadth withinaeronautics and astronautics is enormous, stability and control of aircraft or more generally the technical area of guidance,navigation, and control from both a theoretical and applied perspective has been the focus of my career. Currently, working withJPL, I am developing algorithms for navigating and guiding spacecraft in deep space. In particular, I have been focused on usingpulsars that operate like a natural GPS system. I do hope in my lifetime that we will send a spacecraft 550 astronomical unitsfrom the sun. Starting at that distance, light will focus, because light passing the sun bends due to Einstein’s general theory ofrelativity, forming what is called a solar gravitational lens. If the spacecraft is guided to the right trajectory, then looking backtoward the sun, we could see the planetary system of Alpha Centauri B. Since the magnification is about a billion, then we mightsee a planet of Alpha Centauri B with resolution of less than a kilometer.

I close with a short biography. I received the B.S. in aeronautics and astronautics from MIT, Cambridge, in 1960 and the Ph.D.in applied mathematics from Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, in 1968. I was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from theTechnion in 2013. Currently, I am the Ronald and Valerie Sugar Distinguished Professor in the Mechanical and AerospaceEngineering Department and the Electrical Engineering Department, UCLA. With W. H. Chung I coauthored, StochasticProcesses, Estimation, and Control (SIAM, 2008), with D. H. Jacobson I coauthored, Primer on Optimal Control Theory (SIAM,2010) and with Amir Emadzazdeh I coauthored, Navigation in Space by X-ray Pulsars (Springer, 2011). I served as AssociateEditor for Technical Notes and Correspondence (1975–1976) and Stochastic Control (1978–1979), IEEE Transactions onAutomatic Control , for AIAA Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics (1977–1978), and for Journal of OptimizationTheory and Applications (1981-present). I am a life Fellow of the IEEE and Honorary Fellow of the AIAA and was awarded theAIAA Mechanics and Control of Flight Award, AIAA Dryden Lectureship in Research, Air Force Exceptional CivilianDecoration (1991 and 2001), IEEE Third Millennium Medal, AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Award, Richard E.Bellman Control Heritage Award, and membership in the National Academy of Engineering.

AIAA Member Spotlight Summary (24 August, 2020) (Continued from Page 45)






Fig. 1: A C-17 Call Sign CRZLY37 was seen with its flight path.(Screen Capture Courtesy of Jerry Huang)

Fig. 2: An unidentifiable aircraft was approaching Moffett Field(NUQ). (Screen Capture Courtesy of Jerry Huang)

Fig. 3: Air Force Two tail number 80001 and Vice President MikePence. (Photo Courtesy of Jerry Huang)

Volunteers are needed for all AIAA activities, please contact: [email protected]

AIAA LA-LV Section

Project Boom Design ReviewWednesday, August 19, 2020, 4-6PM (Add to Calendar)

RSVP and Information: http://events.r20.constantcontact.com/register/event?

oeidk=a07eh87ieum4af4460d&llr=p9tbt6cab

Students (Colleges and Universities)! Please join the AIAA LA-LV Section in hosting the design review for ProjectBoom, an innovative student design team with members from around the world! Project Boom seeks to design andbuild the world's fastest student-made unmanned jet aircraft, with the ultimate goal of breaking the sound barrier!

The Project Boom team has been working hard throughout the summer on the preliminary design of their vehicle. Theteam will present their design for 45 min followed by Q&A for 30 min. The ideas and comments obtained throughthis review will help better define the high-speed test vehicle, slated to undergo flight tests in Spring 2021. Comelearn more about the project and mission and see if you are interested in being part of the team. This event is open toanyone interested in learning and/or engaging in student-led innovation in the aerospace industry.

Recruiters and engineers from across the aerospace industry are welcome to participate and review/judge.

For further questions or to volunteer as a judge, please contact Aldo Martinez ([email protected]) (AIAA LA-LVMembership and Awards Chair)

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AIAA Los Angeles-Las Vegas

Space Architecture GatheringAugust 22, 2020, 10 AM PDT (US and Canada) (Add to Calendar)

RSVP and Information: conta.cc/3f9jJYTDr. Olga BannovaDirector, SICSA, College of Engineering, University of HoustonChair, AIAA Space Architecture Technical Committee (SATC)Ms. Barbara BelvisiFounder and CEO of Interstellar LabDr. Marc CohenMission Architecture Lead at Space CooperativeFounding Member, AIAA SATCMr. Brand GriffinProgram ManagerGenesis Engineering SolutionsMember of AIAA Space Architecture Technical CommitteeISU Faculty EmeritusDr. A. Scott HoweSenior Systems Engineer, Space ArchitectJet Propulsion Laboratory (NASA / Caltech)Dr. Barbara ImhofLIQUIFER Systems GroupResearcher, Univ. of Applied Arts ViennaProfessor, Universität KasselMs. Kriss J. KennedyArchitect, Space ArchitectTECHNE‘ Architects, LLCAdjunct Assistant Professor, University of Houston-SICSA

Mr. John MankinsVice President, Moon Village AssociationFounder and President, Mankins Space Technology, Inc.NSS Board of DirectorsDr. Jack StusterPresident, Anacapa Sciences,Certified Professional ErgonomistAuthor, Bold Endeavors: Lessons from Polar and SpaceExplorationMs. Anastasia ProsinaFounder & CEO at Stellar AmenitiesAward-winning aspirational futurist and practitioner in SpaceArchitectureMr. John SpencerOuter Space ArchitectFounder, President, Space Tourism SocietyCo-Founder and Chief Designer: Mars World Enterprises, Inc.Co-Founder and President: Red Planet Ventures, Inc.Prof. Madhu Thangavelu(Chair/Moderator of the Panel/Event)Faculty Member, USC / ISUNSS Board of DirectorsMs. Melodie YasharDesign Architect, Researcher andco-founder of Space Exploration Architecture (SEArch+)

Agenda10:05 - Welcome Message (Dr. Chandrashekar Sonwane)10:10 - Brief Introduction (Prof. Madhu Thangavelu)10:30 - Olga Bannova - SATC and SICSA work10:45 - Anastasia Prosina - Interior design of space habitats11:00 - Marc Cohen - Lunar Studies11:15 - Brand Griffin - Lunar Concepts11:30 - Kriss Kennedy - Space Architecture @ the Tipping Point11:45 - Scott Howe - Space Architecture & Construction

12:00 - John Mankins - Moon Village12:15 - Barbara Imhof - SHEE & EDEN12:30 - Barbara Belvisi - Simulators12:45 - John Spencer -Space Tourism - exploring the space experience design frontier13:00 - Melodie Yashar - Robotic Construction & Mars Forward13:15 - Jack Stuster - Tasks, Skills, and Abilities for the First Human Expeditions to Mars13:30 – Discussion14:30 – Fin

[[email protected]] [http://aiaa-lalv.org/]

http://aiaa-lalv.org/


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AIAA LA LV STEM K-12 Meetingwith Alan Chan, and Cornelius Neil Cosentino

Saturday, August 29, 2020, 10 AM (Add to Calendar)

RSVP and Information: conta.cc/2YcZEKL

Red Rover Planetary Driving Simulatorby

Alan ChanA twenty-year visual effects veteran,

A screenwriter and director

Explore Martian terrain from the driver's seat of a futuristicMartian rover! RED ROVER uses real NASA HiRISE satellitedata and images in a game engine to create a simulator thatlets you drive around and explore! It's a great opportunity forK-12 kids or students to see Mars up close and personal asguest speaker Alan Chan, the developer of Red Rover, takesus through each of the different areas of Mars available in thissimulator

www.youtube.com/watch?v=1QAwRH1wrZ0

www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/red-rover-exploring-mars/

Letters from the Cockpitby

Maj. Cornelius Neil Cosentino

Experienced Pilot, USAF-Retired

This inspiring talk is for those who wish they were born withwings, and/or enjoy short stories. Come fly with the speaker(Neil) as he relives his experiences as a high-time pilot with aknowledge of flight we all envy. Strap on the shoulderharness, tighten the seat belt-"CLEAR, Contact, "we can hearthe roar of the engine as we taxi out -each story a new newexciting true adventure by a pilot who has been there !

Neil will talk about why he wrote the short story book. He willalso talk about writing a second short story book and why hecategorized them as “ Familographies “ - the purpose is toencourage students to start writing their true stories.

[AIAA LA-LV K-12 STEM Chair: Casey Moninghoff [email protected]] [http://aiaa-lalv.org/]



https://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/red-rover-exploring-mars/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1QAwRH1wrZ0

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Help stop the pandemic by wearing masks outside, staying home, and participatingin online AIAA LA-LV events!

Volunteers are needed for all AIAA activities, please contact [email protected]

Wednesday, September 2, 2020 (Add to Calendar)

RSVP and Information: https://conta.cc/33tiocQ

Happy Hour AIAA LA-LV !, featuring the production of IMAX film "Asteroid Hunter" and

Planetary Defense

Networking with aerospace professionals, students andeducators, young and experienced !

“Above images © 2020 IMAX”

Led by the Film Producer: Philip GrovesEvent Calendarhttp://events.r20.constantcontact.com/calendar/monthview?eso=0010gqoU-_jblZTmCh7qkkm8w%3D%3D&llr=p9tbt6cab

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Saturday, September 5, 2020 (Add to Calendar)

RSVP and Information: conta.cc/3eMyMrp

International Space Station’s critical role in enabling humanexploration beyond low Earth orbit

byDr. William H. GerstenmaierSpaceX, AIAA Honorary Fellow

Former Associate Administrator for the Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (NASA HQ)and

The InSight Mission to Marsby

JPL Mission Principal InvestigatorDr. Bruce Banerdt

Jet Propulsion Laboratory(Landed at Elysium Planitia on

November 26, 2018)

Introduction to GPS and Pre-History of GPS

byFrank Czopek

• Has worked Space and armor systems for allhis career • 35 years on GPS

• Hired at the start of the GPS operational era• Held numerous jobs on GPS from

Responsible Engineer to Program Manager• Unofficial GPS Space historian




https://conta.cc/3eMyMrp

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RSVP and Information: https://conta.cc/2ElMWTrAIAA LA-LV e-Town Hall Meeting 9/12

Saturday, September 12, 2020, 10 am (Add to Calendar)

Aerospace Cybersecurityas the priority area of focus of AIAA

by

Steve LeeAerospace Cybersecurity Program Manager

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Aerospace Cybersecurity as the priority area of focus of AIAA

Currently, a growing threat to the safety and security aerospace lies in cyberspace. AIAA has identified aerospace cybersecurityas a priority area of focus, and had established the AIAA Aerospace Cybersecurity Program. This program is developingresources on aerospace cybersecurity focused on critical information and educational materials, encompassing a broadrepresentation of specialized aerospace and relevant general cybersecurity content. Secondarily, resources and programming willsupport the recruitment or career advancement for new entrants to the aerospace cybersecurity workforce.

Steve Lee

Steve Lee leads the new aerospace cybersecurity program at the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, with thegoal of integrating cybersecurity into aerospace discipline and practice. He is currently focusing his unique combination of cyberprotection and strategy experience—in industry and in the Federal policy arena—to build the AIAA aerospace cybersecurityprogram. Steve has a keen eye for adapting organizations, policies, and people to new security and technology challenges, asdemonstrated by his successful leadership of cyber and regulatory compliance projects in industry. He also coordinated businessand talent strategy efforts to grow and sustain a Fortune 500 consulting company's world-class cyber workforce.

Steve previously provided senior-level expertise on physical and cyber infrastructure protection and intelligence program policyfor client engagements at the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), including analysis of threats to dams, energy, rail,transit, and other critical infrastructure. He has over 25 years of program management, critical infrastructure protection, andnational security experience, including over 16 years supporting DHS and the Intelligence Community (IC), with analysis ofcyber, terrorism, and weapons of mass destruction issues, and nearly five years in the U.S. Army. He has also served inleadership and sales roles in aviation and media organizations.




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RSVP and Information: https://conta.cc/2Y1WjySAIAA LA LV 9/19 e-Town Hall Meeting

Saturday, September 19, 2020, 10 AM(Add to Calendar)

University Cubesat Work During the COVID-19 Pandemic

with

Prof. Scott PaloVictor Charles Schelke Endowed Professor

Ann and H.J. Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering SciencesUniversity of Colorado Boulder, and

Chair, AIAA Small Satellite Technical Committee (SmSTC)and

the students:MAXWELL – Matt Zola

CU-E3 (To be launched on Artemis-1) – Brodie WallaceCIRBE – Evan Bauch

Students at the University of Colorado in Boulder put together this "flatsat" simulator of their MAXWELL cubesat, which theyconnect to remotely to test software from home. | Credit: University of Colorado Boulder; Aerospace America

Aerospace America reported (8 May, 2020) that in Amanda’s Miller’s telephone interview with University of Colorado, Boulderaerospace and engineering sciences Professor Scott Palo – who chairs AIAA’s Small Satellite Technical Committee – the two discussed hiswork with University of Colorado graduate students on the development of the MAXWELL cubesat. In his basement, Palo “has hooked up abattery power supply, soldering tools and an oscilloscope – all liberated from his lab” before the COVID-19 pandemic forced him and hisstudents to leave campus. The “idea was to ‘have the tools of the testing’ ready to continue trying out cubesat components and software eitherat home or by connecting to the lab remotely, he says.” Anticipating the campus closure, “a student team worked in the lab for three days toset up a flatsat, or simulated, version of their upcoming U.S. Air Force-funded MAXWELL cubesat, short for Multiple Access X-band WaveExperiment Located in LEO. From their homes, Palo and his students access, via the internet, this networked array of electronics that are justlike the ones planned for MAXWELL, which is now in the testing phase.” This way, “they can continue to upload software for testing.”MAXWELL is “one of 18 small satellites selected by NASA to be deployed as secondary rocket payloads from 2021 to 2023.” MAXWELL“will demonstrate a radio design for smallsats.”




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Saturday, September 26, 2020, 10 AM (Add to Calendar)

Aquarius, a Reusable Water-Based InterplanetaryHuman Spaceflight Transport

by

Daniel R. AdamoAIAA Distinguished Lecturer

AIAA Associate FellowIndependent Astrodynamics Consultant

NASA JSC - Retired

This 1.5-hour lecture reviews major challenges to interplanetary human spaceflight and suggests strategies by whichthey may be addressed. These strategies include pre-emplaced Earth return consumables at the interplanetarydestination, water used as a high-efficiency/high-thrust propellant also serving as crew radiation shielding, andtransport servicing in a distant retrograde orbit about the Moon. Applied to a hypothetical transport christenedAquarius, the strategies are shown to enable routine and sustainable roundtrips between Earth and Deimos, the outermoon of Mars. Knowledge gaps pertaining to Aquarius are identified with the intent of motivating changes in currenttechnology roadmaps. After listening to this lecture, anyone with interplanetary human spaceflight interests will beconversant with associated technology issues and plausible means by which they might be resolved.

(More Participants TBD)

RSVP and Information: conta.cc/2BwZaaJ

Questions about Events/Program: [email protected]



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Saturday, October 3, 2020, 10 AM (Add to Calendar)

e-Town Hall MeetingMission to Pluto and Beyond

by

Alice BowmanAIAA Distinguished Lecturer

AIAA Associate FellowNASA New Horizons Mission Operations Manager (MOM),

Space Mission Operations Group supervisor,Principal Professional Staff at the

Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL)

RSVP and Information: conta.cc/38P1UfW

(More Speakers TBD)Questions about Events/Program: [email protected]



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e-Town Hall MeetingInventing the Joint Strike Fighter

by

Dr. Paul BevilaquaAIAA Fellow

AIAA Distinguished LecturerChief Engineer of the Skunk Works

Lockheed Martin Corporation

RSVP and Information: conta.cc/3ep6vqa



https://conta.cc/3ep6vqa

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Special EventAIAA LA LV Celebrates the

20th Anniversary of theInternational Space Station

withauthors from the Outward Odyssey series of spaceflight history books:

David Hitt (Moderator), Francis French, Emeline Paat-Dahlstrom, Jay Chladek(ISS and Beyond: A Historical Perspective on Life in Space)

Larry A. Trager and Dr. Cheng-Yi LuAerojet-Rocketdyne

(Aerojet-Rocketdyne Space Station Power Systems)

Mr. Liam KennedyInventor of the ISS-Above

Former President, Orange County AstronomersFormer Griffith Observatory Planetarium Lecturer

Former NASA/JPL Solar System Ambassador(ISS-Above, a Raspberry Pi gizmo that presents a rich set of live information about the ISS including live

video views of the earth)

RSVP and Information: conta.cc/2OlAaGu



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Saturday, November 7, 2020, 10 AM (Add to Calendar)

AIAA LA-LV e-Town Hall Meeting 11/7

Perlan Project Glider Soars into Historywith

Jim PayneCHIEF PILOT | BOARD MEMBER

The Perlan ProjectTest Pilot / Instructor, United States Air Force Academy - Retired

Consultant with NASAManager, Northrop's Global Hawk Program

Test Pilot, Northrop's Firebird ProgramTest Pilot of the Year - Kincheloe Award, SETP.2019 Guinness Book of Records Aviation Page

Inspiration and Patriotism Award, Living Legends of Aviation (2018)RSVP and Information: https://conta.cc/32Eu10o

SURFING IN THE SKYGlider pilots have surfed on mountain waves since 1932. The process is like surfing on a wave in the ocean, except the glider is in the waverather than on the surface of the wave. Einar Enevoldson, a NASA Test Pilot, saw evidence that in regions closer to the Poles, in winter, thewaves could extend above the troposphere and well into the stratosphere. Previously, no one had searched for waves in the stratosphere insub-polar regions in winter. From 1992 until 1998 he gathered more evidence that these waves existed, and might be strong enough to lift asailplane to remarkable altitudes. In 1998 Dr. Elizabeth Austin joined Einar in the search for an understanding of stratospheric mountainwaves. She found that the Polar Vortex, and one of its principal components, the stratospheric polar night jet, existing only in winter,provided the high speed wind in the stratosphere that powered incredibly high waves. The Perlan Project was formed to explore these wavesand soar them to the edge of space.

Jim Payne started soaring at the Air Force Academy in 1971. At the Academy he made his first wave flight and was immediatelyhooked. His paper for his senior technical writing course was "A Report on High Altitude Sailplane Flight." He graduated Outstanding Cadetin Soaring in 1974. He flew the F-4, F-5, F-16, F-16XL among other aircraft for the Air Force. Jim was the first pilot selected to pioneer theAir Force Institute of Technology master's with a follow-on assignment to AF Test Pilot School. He turned down a full ride to Stanford sinceit was not coupled with TPS. In 1983 Jim earned his Gold and Diamond Altitude legs in a SGS 1-26 in the Tehachapi wave. When he wasassigned to the staff at the US Air Force Test Pilot School he was part of the Soar Eagle Project. The team equipped a Grob 103 with apressure suit system. Soaring in this sailplane Jim earned a Triple Lennie Pin for a flight to 42,200 feet. With the advent of GPS flightrecorders, Jim pioneered wave speed records.

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Saturday, November 14, 2020, 10 AM (Add to Calendar)

e-Town Hall Meeting43rd Anniversary of the Voyagers 1 & 2

Voyager 1 & 2: Humanity's Most Distant Explorerswith Special Notes on Uranus and Neptune

byTodd Barber

AIAA Distinguished LecturerSenior Propulsion Engineer

NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory

RSVP and Information: conta.cc/2OkJqe0



https://conta.cc/2OkJqe0

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AIAA LA-LV Young Professionals Meetings

SpaceX Crew Dragon Rocket Launch Watch Party (Time TBA Aug. 30th, 2020)Join us on July 30th as we watch SpaceX launch its first operational Crew Dragon mission to the ISS with NASAastronauts Michael Hopkins, Victor Glover, and Shannon Walker and Japan’s Soichi Noguchi. The mission willlaunch from NASA's Kennedy Space Center on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. The Young Professionals of AIAA will behosting a web meeting where we can converse, tell stories, and watch the launch together! All are welcome to attend!

*Note: date and time are subject to change if the launch date changes.For any questions about the event, please contact the LA/LV Young Professionals Chair, Brett Cornick, [email protected].







*(All remaining AIAA National Forums and Events in 2020 will go virtual / be online.)

*5-28 August, 2020, Introduction to Multiscale Modeling of Composite Structures and Materials withMSG/SwiftComp – Online Short Course (20 Hours) (with AIAA Certificate)(Registration)*18 August, 2020 1330 - 1430 (EDT), Aerospace Career Pathways – Entrepreneurship (Member Exclusive Webinar)(Link)*19 August, 2020 1000 - 1400 (EDT), ASCENDxSummit: Space Science and Technology (Link)*24-26 August, 2020, AIAA Prpulsion and Energy Forum,https://www.aiaa.org/propulsionenergy

•Hypersonic Flight Vehicle Design and Performance Analysis – Online Short Course (Starts 9 Sept 2020)

•Fundamentals of Python Programming with Libraries for Aerospace Engineers – Online Short Course (Starts 12 Sept 2020)

•Liquid Rocket Engines: Emerging Technologies in Liquid Propulsion – Online Short Course (Starts 15 Sept, 2020)

•Design and Operation of Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels (COPV) – Online Short Course (Starts Sept 24, 2020)•Sustainable Aviation - Online Short Course (Starts 7 Oct 2020)

•Electrified Aircraft Propulsion Technologies: Powering the Future of Air Transportation – Online Short Course(Starts 14 Oct 2020)

•Design for Advanced Manufacturing: Aviation Lightweighting - Online Short Course (Starts 19 Oct 2020)

•Taking the Next Steps in Your Aerospace Career - Online Short Course (Starts 20 Oct 2020)*16-18 November, 2020, AIAA ASCEND 2020 (Online) https://www.ascend.events/

AIAA National Forums & Events (August-November 2020)

*18 August, 2020, 6 PM - 8 PM PDT, (Los Angeles IEEE MTT Chapter) “Orbit Options for Near-Term Space Solarpower" by Dr. Seth Potter (Online) (RSVP)*19 August, 2020, (A&D Forum): "Space as a New Market - Part 2", Marco Caceres, Senior Space Analyst, TealGroup (RSVP)*19 August, 2020, (NDIA-SNV): The ULTIMATE Multi-Domain Physical Protection (RSVP)*20 August, 2020, 1 pm – 2 pm Eastern Time (Aerospace Corp.): The Present and Future of Space Commerce withDirector Kevin O’Connell and Ed Swallow (Link) (Online)*20 August, 2020, 5:30 PM - 6:00 PM PDT (WID-GLAC) Shelli Brunswick, COO Space Foundation (RSVP)*26 August, 2020 (A&D Forum): Joint meeting of San Fernando Valley and Los Angeles Chapters.*27 August, 2020, 10 AM – Noon (AMP SoCal led by the Price School - USC Center for Economic Development): Apprenticeship Programs for both Existing Employees and New Hires (RSVP) (Online)*27 August, 2020, 1 pm – 2 pm Eastern Time (Aerospace Corp.): Public-Private Partnerships in the Space Sectorwith Karen Jones and Randy Segal (Link) (Online)*1 September, 2020 (A&D Forum): "Dealing with Today's Sales Challenges"*2 September, 2020, 19:00 PDT (FAA Safety): IMC Topics Are Taken From Real Life Events and Discussed to Aidthe Decision Making Process for Pilots (Link) (Online, Lincoln, CA 95648)*24 September, 2020 (A&D Forum): Facing COVID-19 and Industry Disruption: An Interactive Discussion withA&D Businesses"*6 October 6, 2020 (A&D Forum):"Reshoring", Harry C. Mose, Founder and President, Reshoring Initiative*15-18 October, 2020 (Mars Society): 23rd Annual Intenational Mars Society Convention (Online) (Link)*18 November, 2020 (A&D Forum): Dealing with Future Sales Challenges"

Notable 3rd Party Non-AIAA Events (August-November, 2020)

https://www.marssociety.org/conventions/2020/

https://www.faasafety.gov/SPANS/event_details.aspx?eid=101423&caller=/SPANS/events/EventList.aspx

https://aerospace.org/events/space-policy-show-public-private-partnerships-space-sector

https://events.r20.constantcontact.com/register/eventReg?oeidk=a07eh8i4cxzf78a94ba&oseq=&c=&ch=

https://register.gotowebinar.com/register/7900779803951344142

https://aerospace.org/events/space-policy-show-present-and-future-space-commerce

https://www.eventbrite.com/e/multi-domain-physical-protection-tickets-115536638195

https://www.eventbrite.com/e/space-as-a-new-market-part-2-tickets-115495611483?utm_campaign=adf+nof+august+20+#1&utm_medium=email&utm_source=A&D+Forum+Invite+(NOF)+(2020-08+August)+%231&utm_source=A&D+Forum+Newsletter+(2020-08)+August&utm_campaign=August+2020+Newsletter&utm_medium=email

https://events.vtools.ieee.org/m/235875

https://www.ascend.events/

http://aiaa.mycrowdwisdom.com/diweb/catalog/item/id/5274392










https://www.aiaa.org/propulsionenergy

https://www.ascend.events/space-science-technology-summit/

https://www.aiaa.org/events-learning/event/2020/08/18/default-calendar/aerospace-career-pathways-entrepreneurship-(member-exclusive-webinar)


https://www.aiaa.org/propulsionenergy%20






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Job Posting

Aerospace Engineer and Operations Technicians (Stockton Propeller Inc)

Manage Projects, Research on aircraft Material with Cold Spray Technology, comply with FAA standards, ProductDevelopment, Technical Investigations and Sales. Req-Bachelors in Aeronautics with Two years of relevantexperience. Jobsite: Stockton, CA. Send resume to ATTN: Manager, Stockton Propeller Inc. 2478 Wilcox Rd,Stockton, CA-95215.




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Director of Developmenthttps://www.marsu.space/director-of-development

Mars University — Los Angeles, CA (Remote)Volunteer-based (initially)Up to $15,000 per summer/fall (Part time)Mars University (MarsU) is an early stage academic and research institution that is offering higher educationservices. Our mission to unite students, researchers, and professionals in a multidisciplinary curriculum, to settlehumans on planet Mars. MarsU plans to design and administer our first annual Mars summer program at a host siteor university to begin in mid-June 2021. The Director of Development is responsible for overseeing fundraising strategy and to help drive financialsustainability. As the acting grant manager and primary POC for grant making foundations, the Director empowerprofessors, faculty, and researchers to help fund Mars-education and research oriented activities to achieve themission.

Benefits: grant-based(initially), flexible, remote work, part time, bonus option

Responsibilities• Create, manage, and implement first annual fundraising strategy• Engage in conversations with potential corporate sponsors, individual donors, grant officers, etc.• Identify and actively apply to recommended and new grant opportunities• Co-lead proposal development, implement pre-proposal submission schedule• Help support budgetary activities as liaison with faculty, Co-PI’s, PI’s• Conduct research, inspire and advance grant funding opportunities• Maintain database for lapsed and current prospective foundations• Provide a detailed monthly briefing, presentation, and updates to Founding team• Support and improve underdeveloped areas of Mars University

Skills• Bachelor's degree in communication,E nglish, business, or a relevant field• Proven experience winning grants related to education, academia, nonprofits, research, engineering, space,

etc.• Excellent grant writing, grammar, proposal development, and leadership skills• Knowledgeable about education grants, academia structure, nonprofits, Mars

We are looking to recruit someone for this position within one to two months. We invite you to apply to join ourFounding team and community of leaders, professors, and researchers pioneering the academic development ofMars.

https://www.marsu.space/director-of-development




el segundo, ca 18 august, 2020 newsletter · and is intended to orbit mars. international...

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