elawalu wagawa

1

t<jΩ j.dj

lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=fõ m%ldYKhls

2

foaY.=◊l wjYH;duqyq≥ uÜgfï isg ógr® 1300 muK WiajQ m%foaY olajd jïngqj.d l, yelsh' my;rg f;;a" w;rueo yd úh<s l,dmj,oueorg f;;a yd w;rueo l,dmfhao" Wvrg w;rueol,dmfhao fuu fnda.h b;d idr®:lj j.d flfr®'

mifyd¢ka c,jykh is≥jk ieye,aÆ mia jïngq j.djg iq≥iqh'mfiys mS'tÉ w.h 5'5-5'8 meje;Su jvd fhda.Hh'

ìï ilia lsrSuWoe,a,lska fyda g%elagrhla udr®.fhka fyda ìu fmr,d" uÜgïlrkak' jïngq ñ˙ia jeks fid,fkais l=,fha fnda. lkakfollaj;a j.d fkdl, ìula ùu úfYaIfhka jeo.;ah'

ksr®foaYs; m%fNao

tia'tï' 164

fuu m%fNaoh nelaà˙hd ysgquerSug Tfrd;a;= fok" oïjr®Kfhka hq;= M, ,nd fok m%fNaohls' M, uOHu m%udKfhkahqla;jk w;r" yevfhka is,skavrdldrh' mqIam oï jr®Kfhkahqla;h' fuu m%fNaoh f;;a" úh<s yd w;rue† l,dmj,giq≥iqh' c, iïmdokh iys;j j.d lsrSfuka fylaghdrhlgfgdka 15-18 olajd wiajekakla ,nd.; yelsh'

jïngq

fid,kï fu,ka‚kd

Solanum melongena

l=,h - fid,fkais

;skakfõ,s oï

fuu m%fNaofha M, ;o oïmdg †,sfik iajNdjhlska yd †.eáyevhlska hq;=h' mqIam" l| yd m;% kdrá o oïmdgh' jeäúh,s foaY.=Khla iys; W;=re m%foaYhg jvd iq≥iqh'

mdodf.dv

fuu m%fNaofha M," oïmdg b˙ iys;h' ;rula msïnqkqis,skavrdldr yevhla we;' l| yd m;% kdrá fld,mdgh'u,a ,d oïmdgla .kS' nelaà˙hd wx.udrhg Tfrd;a;= fokm%fNaohls' f;;a yd w;r ue† l,dmj,g fhda.Hh'

3

îc wjYH;djhfylaghdrhg .%Eï 350

;jdka ms<sfh, lsrSu

ridhksl fmdfydr

c, iïmdokhúh,s l,dmfha jr®Id c,fhkao jïngq j.dl, yelsh' idr®:lwiajekakla ,nd.ekSug yd ,dNodhs j.djla f,i mj;ajd.ekSu i|yd c, iïmdokhl, hq;=h' úh<s ld,.=Khlawe;súg wju jYfhka †k 5 lg jrla c, iïmdokh lrkak'

j,a me,Eá md,khjïngq me, isgqjd i;s 2" 4" 7" 9" 12 hk wjia:dj,° j,a me,bj;a lsrSul, hq;=hs'

frda. md,kh

nelaà˙hd ysgquerSu

jïngq i|yd fyd¢ka ysret<sh ,efnk ia:dkhl ieliQ Wia;jdka iq≥iqjk w;r" îc isgqùug fmr ;jdka md;a;s„jdkqyrKh l, hq;=h' md;a;s u;=msg fhdok ,o mia"f.du 1 ( 1 ;=kS ;Ügqj u;=msg wÛ,a 6 mr;rh we;sj fma,s†f.a îc oud ishqï mia j,ska jid" ms≥re ;Ügqjlska ;jdkawdjrKh lrkak' ógr® 1 m<," ógr® 3 †. ;jdka md;a;shlangq îc .%Eï 30 i|yd iEfya' †k 25-30 .;jQ miq" me, fCIa;%fhaisgqùug fhda.H ;;ajhg m;a fõ'

h, lkakfha° jr®Idj ,eîu;a iuÛ yd uy lkakfha wêljr®Idfjka miq me, isgqjkak'

mr;rhfikaáógr® 90‹60 mr;rh we;sj fikaáógr® 30‹30‹30m%udKhg ms<sfh, lr.;a j,j,aj,g ldnksl fmdfydrfhdod †k 25 - 30 jQ îc me," tla j,l tl ne.ska isgqjkak'

bkamiq c, iïmdokh fldg" ysre rYañh wêlj we;akï fld<w;=j,ska wdjrKh lrkak' ijia jrefõ me, isgqùu jvdfhda.Hh'

fmdfydr fh°ujïngq j.dfõ° îc me, isgqùu i|yd ms<sfh,l, j,j,aj,gldnksl fmdfydr wju jYfhka foda;la ^.%Eï 250-300&muKj;a fh°ul, hq;=h' me, isgqùug †k 2 lg fmr" uQ,slfmdfydr f,i fh†h hq;= ridhksl fmfydr m%udKhoj,j,aj,g fhdod mia iuÛ l,jï lrkak'

fh†h hq;= hQ˙hd ;s%;ajiqmr® ñhq˙fhaÜld,h fmdiafmaÜ T*a fmdgEIa

ls'.%E'$fyla' ls'.%E'$fyla ls'.%E'$fyla'

me, isgqùug fmr 75 325 85i;s 4 † 75 - -i;s 8 † 75 - 85

a ógr® 03

a ógr® 01

4

ngq j.djg ydksodhl m%Odk;u frda.h nelaà˙hd ysgquerSuhs'fmd<fõ „j;ajk nelaà˙hdjla udr®.fhka je<f|k fuufrda.h ksid m<uqfjkau me, u,dksl ùu;a" miqj me, ñhhEu;a is≥fõ' fuu frda. md,kh i|yd Tfrd;a;= fokm%fNaohla j.d lsrSu yd fnda. udrejla wkq.ukh lsrSujeo.;ah'

lDñ md,kh

lrá yd f.ä ú†k mKqjd

†.ska †.gu tlu fCIa;%hl ngq j.d lsrSfï° fukau ngqj.dfjka miq Ydl fldgia ksoe,af,a N+ñfha †rdhEugie,eiaùfuka B<Û lkakfha° fuu ydksh W;aikak ùug bvwe;'

md,kh

j.dlr we;s Ydlj, lráj, fuu ydksh m<uqfjkau olakg,enqkq úg tu lrá fldgia Ydlfhka lvd bj;alr úkdYlroukak'

lrá ú†k mKqjdf.a ydksh jeä jYfhka olakg ,efnkN+ñhl ngq j.dlrk úg ngq me, isgqjk wjia:dfõ°ilid.;a j,j,aj,g ldfnd*shqrdka iaj,amhla ne.skafhdokak'

u,a yd f.ä yg.;a wjia:dfõ° iq≥iq lDñ kdYlhla biSfukafuu ydksh md,khlr .; yelsh' ksr®foaYs; lDñkdYlhlafhdod wju jYfhka †k 7-10 .;jQ miq muKla wiajekakfk,kak'

fuhg wu;rj uhsgdjka yd m;% lSvEjka ksido ngq j.djgydks we;súh yelsh'

wiajekak fk,Suj.dlr we;s m%fNaoh yd md˙i˙l ;;aj wkqj me, isgqjdi;s 10-12 w;r ° m<uq wiajekak fk,d .; yelsh' ñkamiqj†k 7 lg jrla ne.ska kej; wiajekak fk,sh yelsh' msyshlskakgqj lmd lr,a fjkalr .kak'

wiajekak

ngq j.djl wiajekak" m%fNaoh yd j.d md,kh u; fjkiafõ' c, iïmdokh fldg ksr®foaYs; m%fNaohla j.d lsrSfukafylaghdr® tllg fgdka 15-18 olajd wiajekakla ,nd.;yelsh' fuu wiajekak fk,Sï jdr 8-10 u.ska ,nd.; yelsh'

miq wiajkq lghq;=krlajQ yd lDñ ydksj,g ,lajQ f.ä bj;a lrkak'

5

jegfldΩ b;d ckms%h t<jΩ fnda.hls' th my;rg úh<s"w;rueo yd f;;a l,dmj,o" ueorg f;;a yd w;r ueol<dmhkayso wdr®:ßl fnda.hla jYfhka j.dfõ'

foaY.=◊l wjYH;dWIaK foaY.=◊l ;;aj ms%hlrk fnda.hls' uqyq≥ uÜgfï isgñgr® 500 muK Wia jQ m%foaY olajd idr®:lj jegfldΩ j.dl<yelsh' ;o jr®Idj iys; ld,.=◊l ;;aj j.djg ys;lrfkdfõ'

mib;d fyd¢ka c,h nei hk ldnksl øjH wvx.= je,s f,daïmila j.djg jvd iq≥iqh' mfiys mS'tÉ w.h 5'5 - 7'5 muKùu fhda.H fõ'

j.d ld,hf;;a l,dmfha jir mqrdu o" úh<s l,dmfha uy lkakfha° om%Odk jYfhka jegfldΩ j.d fõ' h,a lkakfha c, iïmdokhhgf;a úh<s l,dmSh m%foaYj, fuu fnda.h idr®:lj j.dl<yelsh' flfia jqjo ;o jI_dj iys; ld,.=◊l ;;aj mj;skld, iSudjka uÛyrjd j.dl, hq;=h'

jegfldΩ

Æma*d welshqgeka.shq,d

Luffa acutangula

l=,h - l=lr®ìfÜis

ìï ieliSuìu fmr<d leg fmdälr .kak' bkamiq fikaá ógr® 30‹30‹30m%udKfha j,j,a kshñ; mr;rhg ilid .kak' j.dj ;=,wkjYH m˙† c,h r|d isàu j,ld .ekSu i|yd .eUqre ldkqlsysmhlao ilialr .kak'

ksr®foaYs; m%fNao

t,a' ta' 33

w∫re ;o fld, meye;s †.Ü lr,a yg.kakd m%fNaohls'

wdis˙

fuh kj ksr®foaYs; jegfldΩ m%fNaohhs' fikaá ógr® 30 muK†.lska hq;a lr,a yg.kS' ≤kg ksr®foaYs; t,a'ta' 33 jegfldΩm%fNaohg jvd jeä md˙fNda.sl reÑhla fuu m%fNaohg ;sfí'fylaghdrhlg fuá%la fgdka 8 muK idudkH wiajekakla,nd.; yelsh'

6

îc wjYH;djhfylaghdrhlg ls'.%E' 3

mr;rhógr® 1'5 ‹ 1'5

îc isgqùuilid.;a j,j,aj,g fyd¢ka †rdm;ajQ ldnksl fmdfydrl+=vhla muK ne.ska oud u;=msg mia iuÛ l<jï lrkak'îc isgqùug †k 2 - 3 fmr kshñ; m˙† uQ,sl fmdfydro"j,g fhdod mig ñY% lrkak'

tla j,l tlsfklg ;rula ≥˙ka îc 3-4 muKfikaá ógr® 2 - 3 .eUq˙ka isgqjkak' bkamiq isgjQ îcj,gfyd¢ka c,h imhkak'

me, ;=kS lsrSuîc me,ù i;s 2 muK .;jQ miqj tla ia:dkhl me, 2 muKlab;s˙lr fiiq me, .,jd oukak'

je,a mqyqKq lsrSujegfldΩ j.djlska idr®:l m%;sM, ,nd .ekSu i|yd ógr® 2muK Wi mkao,ulg je,a fhduql< hq;=h s 'fï i|yd ógr® 3 muK mr;rhg Yla;su;a lKq isgqjd ta u;,Kqj,ska fyda lïìj,ska mkao,u ilid .; yelsh'mkao,u olajd jef,ys m%Odk lf|ka yg .kakd wxl=r bj;alrkak'

f.j;=j, jegfldΩ j.dlrk úg lïì jeglg jqjo je,aheùul< yelsh'

fmdfydr fh°uîc isgqùu i|yd ilid .;a j,j,aj,g fh†h hq;= ldnkslfmdfydrj,g wu;rj my; i|yka wkaoug ridhkslfmdfydro fhdokak'

j,a me,Eá md,khjegfldΩj,g we;af;a fkd.eUqre uQ, moaO;shls' tksid j,ame,Eá md,kh lsrSfï° uq,aj,g ydks fkdjk m˙† lghq;=ls¯ug j.n,d .kak'

lDñ yd frda. md,kh

b,a ueiaid

m<;=re ueiaidf.a lSghska úiskajegfldΩ lr, ;=, is≥lrkydksh ksid lr,a l=Kqù hhs' fuuydksh j,ld .ekSug lDñkdYlfh°u w;HdjYH fkdfõ' fikaáógr® 15 m<, yd fikaá ógr® 40muK †. fome;af;kau újD; jQ

fmd,s;ska len,sj,ska ,má lr,a wdjrKh lrkak' fuufmd,s;ska len,s f.daks ,Kqj,ska kgqjg fyda je,g .eg.ikak'tu.ska M, wdrCId fõ'

wjq,lfmdard lDñhd

fnda.h ,má wjêfha°m;%j,g ydks lrhs 'ldn˙,a jeks lDñkdYlhla fï i|yd fh†hyelsh'

mfiys †.= ld,hla c,h r|d mej;=kfyd;a mduq, m%foaYh†,Sr j._ ksid l=Kqùulg Ndckh úh yelsh' ksr®foaYs; †,SrkdYlhla je, mduq, m%foaYhg fh°u yd mfiys c,jykh†hqKq lsrSu u.ska fuu ;Fjh uÛ yrjd .; yelsh'

wiajekak fk,SufïrSug m%:u lr,a fk,d.kak' fnd a.fha jhi†k 60 - 70 ° m<uq wiajekak ,nd.; yelsh' bkamiq †k 4muK jrla ne.ska udi 1 1$2 -2 muK ld,hla ;=,° wiajkqjdr 10 - 15 muK fk,d.ekSug ms<sjk'

wiajekak ieliSu

fk,d.;a lr,a u;g ;o ysre /ia jeàfuka j,ld.kak'lr,aj,g ydks fkdjk fia fyd¢ka jd;dY%h ,efnk m˙†l+vj, wiqrkak'

fh†h hq;= hQ˙hd ;s%;ajiqmr® ñhq˙fhaÜld,h fmdiafmaÜ T*a fmdgEIa

ls'.%E'$fyla' ls'.%E'$fyla ls'.%E'$fyla

uQ,sl fmdfydr 75 200 60me, u;=ù i;s 4 75 - 60me, u;=ù i;s 8 75 - 60

7

mf;da,

g%hsfldieka;ia lshqlfurskd

Trichosanthes cucumerina


YS% ,dxlslhka w;r ckms%h t<jΩ fnda.hla jk mf;da,iïNjh ù we;af;a ksjr®;k wdishdfõh' ud;f,a" kqjr"r;akmqr" yïnkaf;dg" l=reKE., jeks †ia;s%lalj, úYd,jYfhka fuu fnda.h j.dfõ'

foaY.=◊l wjYH;dWKqiqï foaY.=◊l ;Fj ms%hlrk fnda.hls' uqyq≥ uÜgfï isgógr® 500 muK Wila olajd jQ m%foaYj, fuh idr®:ljj.dl< yelsh' úh<s l,dmfha h,a lkakfha° o" f;;a l,dmfhajir mqrdu o mf;da, j.d l< yelsh' flfia jqjo ;o jr®Idld, uÛ yer j.d lsrSfuka jeä wiajekakla ,nd .; yelsh'

mildnksl øjH uekúka wvx.= fyd¢ka c,h neihk mila j.dji|yd jvd iq≥iqh' mfiys ;sìh hq;= m S 'tÉ w.h5'5 - 7'5 muK fõ'

ìï ieliSubvu fyd¢ka iS id leg fmdälr .kak' kshñ; mr;rhgfikaá ógr® 30‹30‹30 m%udKfha j,j,a ilid .kak'

ksr®foaYs; m%fNao

à'ta' 2

ógrhlg jvd †. lr,a wΩ iq≥ mdgh' fïrSu;a iuÛ lr,aj,;o fld, mdg b˙ we;s fõ'

tï'whs' ^flá&

wΩ iq≥ meye;s lr, ógr® 1$2 muK †.h'

;skakfõ,s

lr,l †. ógr® 3$4 muK fõ' udxi, núka jeä fuu lr,awΩ-iq≥ mdgh' fïrSu;a iuÛ lrf,a iq≥ meye;s b˙ we;sfõ'

8

îc wjYH;djhfylaghdrhlg - lsf,da .%Eï 4 ls'

mr;rhógr® 1'5‹1'5 ls'

isgqùu†rdm;ajQ ldnksl øjH iy u;=msg mia ñY%lr j, mqrjd.kak'îc isgqùug †k 2 - 3 fmr tla j,lg uQ,sl fmdfydr f,iksr®foaYs; ridhksl fmdydr m%udKh fhdokak'

ilid.;a jf,ys tlsfklg ;rula ≥˙ka îc 3 muKfikaá ógr® 2-3 muK .eUq˙ka isgqjd fyd¢ka c,h imhkak'†k 5-8 ° îc m%frdaykh fõ'

me, ;=kS lsrSuîc me, ù i;s 2 muK .;jQúg tla j,l ksfrda.s me, 2muKla b;s˙lr jeä me, .,jd oukak'

je,a mqyqKq lsrSuógr® 2 muK Wi Yla;su;a mkao,ulg je,a fhduq lrkak'mkao,ug my;ska jef,ys m%Odk lf|ka yg.kakd mdr®Yaúlw;= bj;a lrkak'

fmdfydr fh°umy; i|yka wkaoug ridhksl fmdfydr fhdod j.dfjka jeäwiajekakla ,nd.kak'

j,a me,Eá md,khfnda.fha uq,a wjia:dfõ° j,ame, md,kh ms<sn|j ie,ls,su;ajkak' je,a fyd¢ka jeã ueiai wdjrKh lr.;a miqj j,ame,Eá md,kh t;rï .egΩjla fkdfõ'

c, iïmdokhîc m%frdaykhjk f;la †km;du mdfyaa c,h imhkak' bkamiqwjYH;djh wkqj j˙ka jr c,h imhkak' je,a jgd jiqklafh°fuka úh<s ld,.=◊l ;;aj mj;skúg mi úh<S hduwvqlr .; yelsh'

fhosh hq;= hQ˙hd ;s%;aj iqmr® ñhq˙fhaÜld,h fmdiafmaÜ T*a fmdgEIa

ls'.%E'$fyla' ls'.%E'$fyla' ls'.%E'$fyla'

uQ,sl fmdfydr 75 200 60me, u;=ù i;s 4 75 - 60me, u;=ù i;s 8 75 - 60

ñgr® 02

9

lDñ yd frda. md,kh

b,a ueiaid

lr,a ;=, b,a ueiaidf.a lSghd úiska is≥lrk ydksh ksidlr,a l=Kqfõ' l=vd wjêfha°u fmd,s;ska ljr fhdod lr,awdjrKh lrkak' oreKq ydkshla mj;skúg f*ka;sfhdaka jeksksr®foaYs; lDñkdYlhla j.djg fhdokak'

fuhg wu;rj wjq,lfmdard l=reñKshka" yn,amdo ul=Kkayd tms,e.akd l=reñKshka ksido j.djg ydks we;s úh yelsh'

uQ, .eá;s jgmKqjka md,kh lsrSu i|yd fnda. udrej ydldnksl fmdfydr uekúka j.djg fh°ul< yelsh' tfiau3] ldfnd*shqrdka leg .%Eïs 2 muK îc isgqjk wjia:dfõ°iEu j,lgu fh°uo l, yelsh'

mf;da, j.djka i|yd hámqia frda.h yd msá mqia frda.h oreKqf,i je<|sh yelsh' túg ksr®foaYs; †,Sr kdYlhla m;%j,gfhdokak' uD≥ l=Kqùu ksid jef,ys mdoia: fldgig ydkswe;sjqjfyd;a mfiys c,jykh †hqKq lrkak' mi nqre,alrjd;kh †hqKq lrkak'

wiajkq fk,Suisgqjd †k 60 - 75 ° wiajkq fk,Su wdrïNl< yelsh' †k 4lg jrla muK ne.ska wiajkq fk,d.; yelsh'

wiajekak

Wiia j.d md,k ;Fj hgf;a fylaghdrhlg lsf,da .%Eï 20"000muK wiajekakla ,nd.; yelsh'

wiajkq m˙yrKh

fk,d.;a lr,aj,g ;=jd,ùu j,ld .ekSu i|yd ,Kq me≥refyda fmd,a w;=j,ska wdjrKhlr ñá n¢kak' fyd¢kam˙yrKh lrk ,o lr,a †k 7-10 muK .=Kd;auh my;fkdjeà ;nd.; yelsh'

10

lrú,

fudfudaäld Ldrkaáhd

Momordica charantia


lrú, wm rfgys b;d ckms%h t<jΩjls' tys mj;sk T!Iëh.=K ksid lrú, wdydrhg .ekSu ms<sn|j uE;l isg úfYaIWkka≥jla we;s ù ;sfí'

j.djg iq≥iq m%foaYuqyq≥ uÜgfï isg ógr® 1200 muK Wia jQ m%foaY olajd fuhidr®:lj j.dl< yelsh'

mildnksl øjH nyq," fyd¢ka c,h neihk mia jvd iq≥iqh'mfiys ;sìh hq;= mS'tÉ'w.h 5'5 - 7'5 ls'

ksr®foaYs; m%fNao

tï'iS' 43

uOHu m%udKfha ,d fld< meye;s lr,a u;=msg o;a jeks fkreïmsysgd we;'

;skakfõ,s iq≥

;rula úYd, lr,a iq≥-fld< meye;sh' lr,a u;=msg" †. w;gwLKavj úys≥k fkreï we;'

11

îc wjYH;djhfylaghdrhlg lsf,da .%eï 6 ls'

mr;rhñgr® 1'5 ‹ ógr® 1ls'

ìï ieliSufikaáógr® 20 - 30 muK .eUqrg mi fmr,d leg fmdälr.kak' fikaáógr® 30‹30‹30 m%udKfha j,j,a ksis mr;rhgilid †rdm;a jQ ldnksl fmdfydr yd u;=msg miaj,skamqrjkak'

isgqùuuy - Tlaf;daïnr® - fkdjeïnr®h, - wfma%,a - uehstla j,l îc 3 ne.ska fi'ó' 2 - 3 .eUq˙ka isgqjkak'

fuu îc w;r ;rul mr;rhla ;sìh hq;=h' îc me,ù i;s2 .;jQ miq tla j,l me, 2 ne.ska b;s lr b;s me,h .,jdoukak' îc isgqùug fmr /hla c,fha fmÛùfuka m%frdayKhblauka fõ'

fuhg wu;rj l=vd fmd,s;ska n∫kaj, îc isgqjd ilid.kakd me, isgqùu o l< yelsh' fuu.ska whym;a ld,.=◊l;;aj hgf;a îc isgqùfuka is≥úh yels ydks j,lS'

je,a mqyqKq ls¯uîc isgqjd i;s 3 muK .;jQ miqj ógr® 2 muK Wi Yla;su;aueiaila mkao,ula& fj; je,a fhduqq lrkak' mkao,ug my<skajef,ys yg.kakd mdr®Yaúl wxl=r lmd oukak'

fmdfydr fh°uj,j,a ieliSfï° fh¥ ldnksl fmdfydrj,g wu;rj my;i|yka wkaoug ridhksl fmdfydr o j.djg fhdokak'

c, iïmdokhj.djg m%udKj;ajk m˙† mfiys f;;ukh ksis f,i mj;ajd.ekSu i|yd wjYH wjia:dj,° c, iïmdokh lrkak' mfiyswkjYH m˙† c,h tla /iaùu j.djg wys;lrh' úh<sld,j,° je,a wjg jiqkla fh°fuka mi blau◊ka úh<S hduj,lS'

j,a me,Eá md,khme, l=vd ld,fha° j,j,a wi, j,a me, W≥rd oukak' j.dfõmiq ld,fha° uq,aj,g ydks fkdjk m˙† j,a me, WoΩ .dbj;a lrkak'

lDñ md,kh

b,a ueiaid

lrf,a jr®Okfha ´kEu wjia:djl° fuu ydksh we;súhyelsh' m<;=re ueiaidf.a lSghska lrú, lr, ;=< is≥lrkydksh ksid lr,a l=Kq ù jeá hhs'

md,kh

je,a wjg fmd<j fr®lalhlska weúiaiSfuka ms<d wjia:djúkdY fõ' ydks jQ lr,a j.dfjka bj;alr úkdYlr oukak';=kS fmd,s;skhlska fyda >klï lvodishlska l=vd wjia:dfõisg lr,a wdjrKh lrkak'

we;=,; WIaKFjh jeä ù lr,g ydksùu j,ld .ekSu i|ydwdjrKh ls¯ug fhdod.kakd fmd,s;Skfha fyda lvodisfhysmy< fl<jr újD;j ;nkak'

fuu ydksh md,kh ls¯u i|yd lDñ kdYlhla fhdokafkakï f*ka;sfhdaka 50] BiS fylaghdrhlg ñ,s ,Sgr®1050 - 1400la u,a yg.kakd wjia:dfõ isg fhdokak' c,hiu. lDñ kdYlh l<jïlr fhdod .kakd ñY%Kfha iEu,Sgrhlgu iSks .%eï 25la o l<jï lrkak' fuu lDñkdYlfhdod †k 14 .;jk f;la wiajkq fk,Su fkdlrkak'

fhosh hq;= hQ˙hd ;s%;aj iqmr® ñhq˙fhaÜld,h fmdiafmaÜ T*afmdgEIa


uQ,sl fmdfydr 75 200 60me, u;=ù i;s 2 miq 75 - 60me, u;=ù i;s 5 miq 75 - 60

12

.vq ueiaid

fuu lDñhdf.a lSghd lrú, je, ;=, isg is≥lrk ydkshksid tys jeãu nd, ù l=re fõ' lSghd ydks lrk ia:dkfhysje, m%fõYfuka folg m,d lSghd bj;a lrkak' ydkshoreKqfõhehs ;SrKh l<fyd;a ldn˙,a 85] lDñ kdYlfhka.%Eï 4'5 c,h ,Sgrhl ne.ska ñY%lr j.djg fhdokak'

frda. md,kh

hámqia frda.h

m;% u; ly meye;s fldaKdldr mq,a,s yg.kS' fuu mq,a,s miqj≥Uqre meye fõ' wΩ - iq≥ meye;s †,Sr îcdKq m;%fha há me;af;ayg.kS' ksr®foaYs; †,Sr kdYlhla fï i|yd fhdokak'

úÑ;% ffjria frda.h

fld< yd ly meye;s úÑ;%hla m;% u; we;s fõ' frda.S m;%úlD;s fõ' je,aj, jr®Okh nd, fõ' frda.S je,a ≥gq ú.i.,jd úkdY lrkak'

wiajekak fk,Sufyd¢ka jeã fudard we;s wjia:dfõ lr,a fk,d.kak' j.djg†k 60 - 75 jQ úg m<uq wiajekak ,efí' bkamiq †k 4 muKjrla ne.ska wiajkq jdr 10 - 14 muK ,nd.; yelsh'

wiajekak

fylaghdrhlg fgdka 20 muK wiajekakla ,nd.; yelsh'lr,aj,g ydks fkdjk m˙† wiqrd fj<| fmd,g hjkak'

13

msms[a[d

lshql=ñia ieghsjia

Cucumis sativus


b;d ckms%h t<jΩ fnda.hls' iïm%odhsl f,i msi.;awdydrhla jYfhka yd i,do wdldrhg wdydrhg .kq ,efí'

foaY.=◊l wjYH;df;;a l,dmfha jir mqrdu o" úh<s l,dmfha uy lkakfha† oj.dl, yelsh' fuu fnda.h uqyq≥ uÜgfï isg ógr® 1000 muKWia jQ m%foaY olajd j.dl, yelsh' WIaK m˙ir ;;aj m%shlrk fnda.hls' fnda.fha jr®Okh idr®:l ùu i|yd mej;shhq;= m%Yia: WIAK;ajh fikaáf.%aä 300 muK fõ'

miúúO wdldrfha mia j._ mj;sk bvïj, msms[a∆ j.dl,yelsh' ldnksl øjH uekúka wvxÛ= fyd¢ka c,jykhjk mij.dj i|yd jvd iq≥iqh' mfiys †.= ld,hla c,h rπ mej;Sfï;;ajhg fnda.h b;d ixfõ°h' iq≥iq mS'tÉ' w.h 5'5 - 7'5 fõ'

ìï ieliSubvfï j,ame, bj;alr fikaá ógr® 30 x 30 x 30 m%udKfhaj,j,a kshñ; mr;hg ilikak'

†rdm;ajQ ldnksl fmdfydr lsf,da .%Eï 3 muK" u;=msg miaiuÛ l<jïlr j,j,a mqrjd .kak' fmd<j uÜgfï isgfikaá ógr® 10 muK Wig isák fia fuu ñY%Kfhka j,j,auq≥kalr .kak'

14

fmdfydr fh°uksr®foaYs; m%fNao

t,a'jhs' 58

f.äh lymdgh' lΩmeye;s fkreï we;' uOHu úYd,Fjhlaiys; f.ä is,skavrdldrh'

îc wjYH;djhfylaghdrhlg lsf,da .%Eï 1 ls'.%Euhl îc 30 - 40 wvx.= fõ'

mr;rh;ks j.djla i|yd ógr® 1 ‹ ógr® 1ls' nKavlald iuÛ ñY%j.djla f,i o msms[a[d j.dl< yelsh' túg ,nd†h hq;=mr;rh fikaá ógr® 120 ‹ 90 ls' tlu jf,ys fnda. folguwh;a îc isgqjkak'

j,a me, md,khfnda.h úiska fmd<j jid.kakd f;la j.dfõ j,a me, md,khlsrSu ms<sn|j ie,ls,su;a jkak' ms≥re fyda úh,s ;Kfld<jeks jiqka fh°fuka o j,a me,j, jO_kh md,kh lr.;yelsh'

c, iïmdokhfnda.hg wkjYH m˙† c,h iemhSu iq≥iq ke;' mfiysf;;ukh jeä jQ úg je,a yd f.ä l=Kqù hd yelsh' tksidj.dj hgjk m˙† c,h yerùu fkdlrkak'

je, mduq,g w;ska c,h ,nd°u fyda ldkq †f.a j.djg c,h,nd° fiñka mig Wrd.ekSug ie,eiaùu fyda lrkak' j.dfõms≥re jeks jiqkla fh°fuka mi úh<Shdu wvqlr .; yelsh'

mrd.khu,a mrd.kh jkafka m%Odk jYfhka ó ueiaika u.sks' f.äyg.kakd u,a we;sjkafka ms˙ñ u,a yg.ekSu wdrïN jQjdgmiqjh' jeä WIaKFjh iy †.= †jdld, mej;Su u.ska f.äyg.kakd u,a we;sùu m%udo lrhs'

lDñ md,kh

wjq,lfmdard l=reñ◊hd

me, ;=kS lsrSutl j,l me, 2 muKla b;s˙jk f,i i;s 2 ° jeä me,.,jd oukak'

jevqk l=reñ◊hd úiska m;% yd u,awd†h wdydrhg .kS' tu.ska ,máme, iïmQr®Kfhkau úkdY úhyelsh' tfiau me, ,má ld,fha°"lSghskaf.a ydkshg o f.d≥re úhyelsh'

ldn˙,a 85] jeks ksr ®fo aY s;lDñkdYlhla wjYH úg" i;s 2lg jrla ne.ska fhdokak'

fhoshhq;= hQ˙hd ;s%;ajiqmr® ñhq˙fhaÜ ld,h fmdiafmaÜ T*a fmdgEIa


uQ,sl fmdfydr 75 200 60 me, u;=ù i;s 2 miq 75 - 60 me, u;=ù i;s 5 miq 75 - 60

fi'ñ' 90

fi'ñ' 120

15

m;%fha há me;af;a wΩ meye;s ìcdKq oelsh yelsh'laf,dafrd;ef,dks,a vefldks,a& lemagdka" uekafldfií" uefkíjeks †,Sr kdYlhla i;s 2 jrla ne.ska j.djg fhdokak'

msámqia frda.h

jeä m˙ir WIaKFjhla mj;sk wjia:dj,° je<|sh yelsfrda.hls'

frda.S m;%% lymdg fõ' m;%fha fomiu iq≥ meye;s ìcdKqoel.; yelsh' laf,dafrd;ef,dks,a ^vefldks,a& jeks †,SrkdYlhla frda.h oreKq wjia:dj,° i;sm;d fhdokak'

uD≥ l=Kqùu

lf|ys mduq, iy fmd<j iuÛ iamr®Y ù we;s f.äj, uD≥l=Kqùula we;s fõ' j.dj ;=< c,jykh †hqKq lrkak'

weka;%elafkdaia frda.h

fnda.fha ishΩu jdhj fldgiaj,g je<|sh yelsh' m;%j,m<uqfjka l=vd lymdg mq,a,s fyda f;;a me,a,ï we;sù miqjl%ufhka úYd, fõ' úYd, mq,a,sj, ueo is≥refõ' f.äj, .sΩkqf;;a me,a,ï yg.kS'

laf,dafrd;ef,dks,a vefldks,a& jeks †,Sr kdYlhla ksr®foaYs;wkaoug fhdokak'

wiajekak fk,Suf.ä ly meyeù we;súg fk,d.kak' msyshla jeks wdhqOhlskaf.äfha kgqj lmd.kak' je,aj, mdr®Yaúl Ydl ish,a, jeãugbv ye˙húg yg.kakd f.ä" m%udKfhka l=vdfõ' wiajkqfk,k jdr .Kk jeäl<úg jeä wiajekakla ,nd.; yelsh'

wiajekak

fylaghdrhlg lsf,da .%Eï 20"000 - 25"000 ls'

wiajekak ieliSu

fk,d.;a f.äj, .=Kd;auh wvq fkdù i;shla muK ld,hla;nd.; yelsh' fuhg jvd l,a .;jQ f.ä yels,Sugmgka.kakd w;r wm%ikak rihlao we;s lrhs'

tms,e.akd l=reñ◊hd

jevqk lDñhd iy lSghd m;%wdydrhg .kS' g%hslaf,daf*daka^äma agfrlaia 50]& ksr®foaYs;wkaoug j.djg fhdokak'

b,a ueiaid

lSghska úiska f.ä we;=,;is≥lrk ydksh ksid f.ä l=Kqùjeà hhs'

ms,d wjêh úkdY lsrSug mi wjqiaikak' ydksjQ f.ä j.dfjkabj;alr úkdYlr oukak' f*ka;sfhdaka 50] lDñkdYlh u,ayg.kakd wjia:dfõ isg i;s 2 jrla j.djg fhdokak' c,hiuÛ ñY%lr.;a lDñkdYl ñY%Kfha iEu ,Sgrhlgu iSks.%Eï 25 ne.ska l<jïlr fh°u jvd iq≥iqh'

r;= uhsgdjka

hqI Wrdîu ksid m;%j, fld< meyeh wvqù" ≥Uqre meyeù"myiqfjka lefvk iqΩ iajNdjhlg m;a fõ' vhsfuf;dtaÜ40] ksr®foaYs; m˙† fhdokak'

l=ä;a;d yd iq≥ ueiaid

úÑ;% ffjria frda.h m;=rjk jdylhka fõ' frda.S Ydl .,jdúkdYlr oukak' vhsfuf;dtaÜ 40] lDñkdYl i;s 2 jrlane.ska fhdokak'

frda. md,kh

há mqia frda.h

jI_dld,j,° je<¢h yels oreKqu frda.hhs' frda.horeKqj;au m;% ye,S hhs' m<uqj lymeye;s fldaKdldr mq,a,syg.;a miqj ≥Uqremdg fõ'

16

YS% ,dxlslhka w;r b;d ckms%h t<jΩ fnda.hls' fuh úúOwdldrhg wdydr i|yd ilid .; yelsh' wvq úhoulska jeäwdodhula ,nd.; yels ùu;a" fyd¢ka fïrE f.ä iEfykld,hla idr®:lj .nvdlr.; yelsùu;a fuu fnda.fha úfYaI,CIK jYfhka ie,lsh yelsh'

foaY.=◊l wjYH;duqyq≥ uÜgfï isg ógr® 500 olajd jQ m%foaYj, úh,s ydw;rue† l,dmfha j.dl, yels fnda.hls'

mifyd¢ka c,h nei hk ldnksl øjH wvx.= mil fyd¢ka jefõ'fhda.H ms'tÉ' mrdih 5'5 - 7'5 fõ'

ìï ieliSufikaá ógr® 20-30 .eUqrg mi fmr,d ;rula rΩ jhkhlawe;sjk m˙† leg fmdälr .kak' †. m<, yd .eUqr fikaáógr® 30 ne.skajk m˙† j,j,a ilialr .kak'

†rE ldnksl øjH lsf,da .%Eï 05 la tla j,lg tl;=lr u;=msgmi iuÛ ñY% lrkak' ta ñY%Kfhka fmdf<dj uggfï isgfikaá ógr® 10 la Wig j, mqrjkak'

ksr®foaYs; m%fNao

ta'tka'fla'reyqKq

f.ä taldldrS yevhlska hqla;h' m%udKfhka l=vdh'^lsf,da .%Eï 2-2 1$2& fláld,Sk m%fNaohls' ^udi 2-2 1$2& flájr®Id ld,hla j.d lsrSug fhda.Hhs' l=Uqre bvïj," lkakw;r ld,fha o j.djg iq≥iqh' msg fmd;a; >kh" uoh lymdgh' m%jdykh lsrSug b;d fhda.H fõ'

foaYSh jr®.

yevh yd m%udKh úúOdldrh'jr®Id c,fhka kï" lkakhg muKla j.dl, yelsh'uofha meyeh" ly isg ;eô,s olajd fjkia fõ'

jÜglald

lshqlìgd uelaisud

Cucurbita maxima


îc wjYH;djhfylaghdrhlg îc lsf,da .%Eï 01 hs'

isgqùfï ld,h

reyqKq jr®.h

c,h iemhSul, yelskï ´kEu ld,hl isgqùul, yel'

foaYSh jr®.

kshu lkakhg j.d lsrSu jvd idr®:lh'

îc isgqùuh, - uehs ui°uy - Tlaf;daïnr® ui°

mr;rhta'tka'fla' reyqKq - ógr® 2'5 ‹ 2'5foaYsh jr®. - ñgr® 3 ‹ 3

17

fmdfydr fh°u md,kh

frda.s me, W≥rd úkdY lrkak'lDñkdYl fhdod iq≥ueiaika jeks frda. jdylhka ur®okhlrkak'

lDñ md,kh

b,a ueiaid

c, iïmdokhîc me,ù wjikajk f;la †km;d c,h fhdokak' miqj †k5-7 g jrla c,h fh°u iEfya'

j,a me,Eá md,khme,ù i;s 03 lska j,a fk,Sulr w;ska j,a fk,Su jvd iq≥iqhs&jiqkla f,i ms≥re fhdokak'

frda. md,kh

há mqia frda.h

fuu †,Sr frda.h ksid m;% u; ly meye;s fldaKdldr mq,a,swe;s fõ' m;% ≥Uqremeye .ekaù yels,S hhs' m;% há me;af;a w¨meye;s îcdkq iuQy olakg ,efí'

msá mqia frda.h

†,Srhla u.ska we;s fõ' m;% ly meye fõ' m;%j, fome;af;auiq≥ meye;s îcdkq iuQy †ia fõ'

md,kh

Odrl me<Eá yd l=lr®ìfÜis l=,hg wh;a j,a me,Eá jr®.úkdY lsrSu'ksr®foaYs; †,Sr kdYlhla Ndú;d lsrSu'

uD≥ l=Kqùfï frda.h ^ms;shï úfYaI&

†,Srhla u.ska we;s fõ' lf|ys mduq, yd" M, u;=msg uD≥l=Kqùula yg .kS'

md,kh

wêl f;;uk yd wdr®ø;djh uÛ yerSu'mi nqre,alr jd;dY%h †hqKq lsrSu'ksr®foaYs; †,Sr kdYlhla fh°u'

úÑ;% ffjrih

m;% u; fld, yd ly meye;s mq,a,s we;sfõ' m;% fndl=gq ù/,s jeà" me,a,ï o we;sfõ'

fuu ueiaidf.a .eyeKq i;dl=vd f.ä j, fmd;a; úoì;a;r oeóu ksid we;sjklSghka mkqjka& we;=,; fldgiald oeófuka .eg yd u,a ye,Suyd f.ä l=Kqù hdu is≥fõ'

ydksh j,lajd .ekSu yd ur®okh

ms≥re iaj,amhlska M, wdjrKh lsrSu'fmrfudaka W.=,a Ndú;h'wdid†; f.ä lvd úkdYlr oeóu'

weu ;eîu

fmka;sfhdaka lDñ kdYlh iuÛ iSks ñY%lr" msms[a[d l=,fhaf.ä len,s tu ødjkfha úkdä 10 la muK .s,ajd ;nd j.dj;=, ;ekska ;ek ;nkak'

lDñkdYl Ndú;h

fmka;sfhdaka ksr®foaYs; m%udKh c,fha ñY%lr thska,Sgr® 1 g iSks .%Eï 25 la ñY%lr biskak' u,a msfmk wjia:dfõisg i;s 02 lg jrla fh°u l<hq;=h'

wiajekak fk,Suf.ä u; msáuh iajNdjhla †iajk úg fk,d .kak'

ta'tka'fla' reyqKq - u,a msmS †k 40foaYSh jr®. - u,a msmS †k 60

wiajekak

iEu jr®.hlu wiajekak fylaghdrhlglsf,da .%Eï 15000-25000 muK fõ'

miq wiajkq lghq;=

fyd¢ka fudark ,o f.ä úh<s ia:dkhl udi 6-8 l ld,hla.nvdlr ;nd.; yel'

fhoshhq;= hQ˙hd ;s%;ajiqmr® ñhq˙fhaÜld,h fmdiafmaÜ T*a fmdgEIa


uQ,sl fmdfydr 75 200 60me, u;=ù i;s 4 miq 75 - 60me, u;=ù i;s 8 miq 75 - 60

18

YS% ,xldfõ" Wvrg f;;a l,dmh yer wfkla kEu foaY.=◊ll,dmhl j.dl< yels t<jΩ fnda.hls' myiqfjka j.d lsrSugyels ùu;a" jr®Ih mqrdu wiajkq ,nd°fï yelshdj;a ksidfndfyda t<jΩ f.dùka w;r nKavlald fnda.h m%p,s; fjñkamj;S' oekg yïnkaf;dg" l=reKE.," r;akmqr iy ud;f,a†ia;s%lalj, th idr®:lj j.d lrk w;r" wkqrdOmqr"mq;a;,u" ud;r" n≥,a, iy fudKrd., †ia;s%lalhkays o thjHdma; fjñka ;sfí'

fuys m%Odk jYfhkau wdydrhg .kq ,nkafka ,má lr,a fõ'kuq;a bka†hdj" wms%ldj jeks rgj, nKavlald fld<o ckms%ht<jΩjla f,i wdydrhg .efka'

úúO wdldrhg wdydr i|yd ilialr .; yels ùu;a" tysfmdaIK .=Kh;a ksid md˙fNda.slhka w;r nKavlald i|ydfyd| b,a¨ula ;sfí' ,má lr,aj, fm%daàk" fl¢ jr®." L◊c"fïo iy úgñk wvx.= fõ' L◊c w;˙ka le,aishï yd whäkam%Odk ;ekla .kS' tksid whäka W!K;djh ksid we;sjk.,.kavh jeks frda. j,lajd .ekSfï° fuh jeo.;a fufyhlabgq lrhs'

nKavlald

wefn,afudiapia tialshq,ekagia

Abelmoschus esculantus

l=,h - ue,afõiS

miwdï,sl fyda CIdrSh fkdjk ukd c, jykhla iys; milafnda.fha idr®:l jr®Okh i|yd fhda.H fõ'

ksr®foaYs; m%fNao

tï'whs - 5

úh,s l,dmfha udia lkakh i|yd o wfkla l,dmj, h,"uy folkakhgu o fhda.H fõ' lr,a ,d fld, meyehg yqreh'm;% úÑ;% ffjria frda.hg md;% fõ' †k 55-60 l° m<uqwiajekak fk,d .; yel'

tï'whs - 7

úh<s l,dmfha h,a lkakh i|yd o" wfkl=;a l,dmj, h,"uy folkakhgu o fhda.H fõ' lr,a ,d ly meye;sh' m;%úÑ;% ffjria frda.hg md;% fõ' †k 55-60 l° m<uq wiajekakfk,d .; yel'

19

frda.h j,lajd .ekSu i|yd ksr®foaYs; ld,fha° îc isgqùu"jdyl lDóka úkdY lsrSu" Odrl Ydl úkdY lsrSu" frda.hgmd;% jQ me, .,jd úkdY lsrSul< hq;=h' kuq;a" jvd;a idr®:ljkafka m%;sfrdaë m%fNao j.d lsrSuhs'

y˙;

f;;a l,dmhg jvd úh<s l,dmfha° jvd;a fyd| jr®Okhlafmkajhs' h, uy folkakhgu fhda.H fõ' lr,a fld,meye;sh' m;% úÑ;% ffjria frda.hg Tfrd;a;= foa' †k 50 l°muK m<uq wiajekak fk,d .; yelsh'

îc wjYH;djhfylaghdrhlg lsf,da .%Eï 4'5 ls

isgqjk ld,huy lkakfha° iema;eïnr® ui uq, isg Tlaf;danr® ui uq,olajd;a" h, lkakfha° wfma%,a ui isg uehs ui uq, olajd;aj.dj weröu i|yd iq≥iqh'

isgqùu yd mr;rhfikaá ógr® 90‹60 mr;rhg fikaá ógr® 30 la muK Wi"m<, yd .eUqr we;s j,j,a ilialr tajd †rdm;ajQ f.dufmdfydr fyda fldïfmdaiaÜ j,ska mqrjd .ekSfuka miq îc3-4 la ne.ska tl j,l isgqjkak' îc m%frdayKh fõ.j;a lsrSui|yd;a" taldldrS j.djla ,nd .ekSu i|yd;a îc isgqùugfmr meh 24 l ld,hla c,fha fmdÛjkak' îc isgqjd i;s 2lg miq tla j,l ksfrda.s Yla;su;a me, folla ne.ska b;s jkfia jeä me, bj;a lrkak'

fmdfydr fh°u

j,a me,Eá md,khîc isgqjd i;s 2-4 °;a" u,a yg.ekSu wdrïN jQ wjêfha°;aj,a ur®okhl< hq;=fõ'

lDñ md,kh

m;% lSvEjka

j.dfõ jhi i;s 2-3 isg lSvE Wj≥rg md;% úh yel' frda.hnrm;, kï ksr®foaYs; lDñkdYl fhdokak'

lrá iy lr,a ú†kakd

,má me,j, lrá ú°u yd lr,a u; is≥re we;s lrhs' ydkshwêl kï ksr®foaYs; ldñkdYl fhdokak'

fld, yl=,k o<Uqjd

m;% yels,Su is≥ lrhs' ydks jQ m;% úkdY lsrSu u.ska frda.hj,lajd .; yel' ydksh wêl kï muKla ksr®foaYs; lDñkdYlfhdokak'

frda. md,kh

msámqia frda.h

m;% u;= msg iq≥ meye;s me,a,ï oelsh yelsh' ydksh wêl kïksr®foaYs; †,Sr kdYlhla fhdokak'

úú;% ffjria frda.h

fnda.fha uq,a jr®Ok wjêfha° fuh je,∫kfyd;a wiajekak80] la muK wvq fõ'

fh†h hq;= hq˙hd ;s%;aj iqmr® ñhq˙fhaÜld,h fmdiafmaÜ T*a fmdgEIa

fy$ls'.%E' fy$ls'.%E' fy$ls'.%E'

uQ,sl fmdfydr 100 200 50me, u;=ù i;s 4 100 - 50me, u;=ú i;s 8 100 - 50

20

îc isgqjd †k 50 isg 100 olajd ld,h ;=< jdr lsysmhla wiajkqfk,sh yel' .=Kd;auh mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd †kla yer †kla,má lr,aj, kgqj msyshlska lmd fk,d .kak'

wiajekak

foaY.=◊l l,dmh" lkakh yd m%fNao wkqj wiajkq m%udKhkafjkia fõ' idudkHfhka fylaghdrhlg fuá%la fgdka 10-15la muK wiajekakla ,nd.; yelsh'

wiajekak ieliSu

lr,a fk,d.;a miqj ;o iQr®hdf,dalhg ksrdjrKhfkdlrkak' frda. yd lDñ ydksj,g ,lajQ lr,a" úlD;s yevhlaiys; yd fïrE lr,a f;dard bj;a lrkak'

fyd¢ka jd;dY%h ,efnk weiqreïj, nyd m%fõYfukafj<|fmd,g hjkak'

wiajkq fk,Su

21

.%S ,dxŸlhka w;r fnfyúka ckm%sh t,jΩ fn`.hla f,iuE ye†kaúh yel' uE j._ b;d fyd¢ka j.dl< yeŸ jkafkamy; rg f;;a" w;rueo yd úh<s l,dmSh m%foaYj,h'

mije,s f,daï mia j.dj i|yd jvd iq≥iqh' mfiys ÿìh hq;=fh`.H;u mS'tÉ' w.h 5'6 - 7 fõ' c, jykh ≥j_, ia:dkj,iy ueá wêl miaj, j.d fkdl< hq;=h'

uE

ú.akd wka.=hslshq,dgd

Vigna unguiculata

l=,h - *efíiS

ìï ieliSufikaá ógr® 15-20 muK .eUqrlg mi fmr<d leg fmdälr.kak' ;o jr®Id ld,hkays c,h r|d isáug bv weÿ ia:dkj,Wia md;aÿ ilikak'

c, iïmdokh hgf;a j.dlrk wjia:dfõ° jeá yd ldkqilikak' md;aÿ fkdid∞ iu;,d ìfïys j.d lrkafka kï"úfYaIfhka uy lkakfha° bvfuys c,jyk ldkq ieliSujeo.;ah'

22

⁄r®foaYs; m%fNao

yj˙ uE

je,la wdldrhg jO_kh fõ' ,d fld< meyeÿ †.= lr,aj,w. fl<jr oï meyeÿh' îc lΩ meyeÿh' †k 60 - 70 wiajkqfk,Su wdrïNl< yeŸh'

fmdf<dka uE

je,la wdldrhg jO_khfõ' ;o †. meyeÿ lr,aj, oï meyeÿme,a,ï we;' l%Sï meye;s îcj, îc ,mh m%foaYh lΩh' †k60 - 70 ° wiajkq fk,Su wdrïNl< yeŸh'

nqIsgdfj` ^foaYsh&

m∫rla wdldrhg jO_khfõ' ,d fld< meyeÿ uOHu m%udKfha†.Ÿka hq;a lr,a yg.kS' l%Sï meyeÿ îcj, îc ,mh m%foaYh≥Uqre meyeÿh' †k 45 - 50 ° wiajekak fk,Su wdrïNl<yeŸh'

î' tia' 1

m∫rla wdldrhg jO_khjk fuys lr,a ,d fld< mdgh' l%Sïmeyeÿ îcj, ≥Uqre meyeÿ me,a,ï we;' †k 45 - 50 °wiajekak fk,Su wdrïNl< yeŸh'

fiak

m∫re wdldrhg jO_khjk fuu m%fNaofha yg.kakd udxi,lr,a fld< meyeÿh' îc l%Sï meyeÿjk w;r" îc ,mh r;=≥Uqre meyeÿh' †k 45 - 50 ° wiajekak fk,Su wdrïNl<yeŸh'

m∫re fmdf<dka uE

m∫re wdldrhg jO_khjk fuu m%fNaofha yg.kakd lr,auOHu m%udKfha †.Ÿka hqla;fõ' fld< meye;s lr,a u;=msgoï meye;s me,a,ï olakg ,efí' wdydrhg ilid.;a úgidudkH fmdf<dka uEj, rih f.kfohs' îc ls%ï meye;sjkw;r" îc ,mh lΩ meye;sh' †k 45 - 50 ° wiajekak fk,SuwdrïNl< yelsh'

îc wjYH;djhm∫re wdldrfha j._ - fylaghdrhlg lsf,da .%Eï 17 - 20je,a wdldrfha j._ - fylaghdrhlg lsf,da .%Eï 16 - 20

j.d ld,húh<s l,dmfha uy lkakfha ° fkdjeïnr® ui wjidk Nd.fha° j.dj wdrïN lrkak' h,a lkakfha wyia †fhka j.dlrkafka kï udr®;= fyda wfma%,a udij,° îc isgqúh hq;=jk

w;r" c, iïmdokh hgf;a kï wfma%,a fyda uehs udij,°j.dj wdrïNl< hq;=h'

f;;a l,dmfha fuu fnda. j.dl< hq;af;a ;o jr®Id ld,hgmiqjh'

mr;rhm∫re uE j._ - fikaá ógr® 60-75 ‹ fikaá ógr® 20je,a wdldrfha uE j._ - fikaá ógr® 90 ‹ fikaá ógr® 30wdOdrl fldagq fj; je,a jeãug i,ikak'

fmdfydr fh°uîc isgqùug fmr †rdm;a jQ ldnksl fmdfydr fhdod migl<jï lrkak' thg wu;rj my; i|yka wkaoug ridhkslfmdfydro j.djg ,nd fokak'

c, iïmdokhj.dfõ uq,a wjêfha ° †k 4 muK jrla ne.ska o" bkamiqi;shlg jrla ne.ska o" c,h imhkak' mfiys f;;ukhjeäùu ksid mduq, l=Kqùfï frda.h je<°ug bv ;sfí'

j,a me,Eá md,khi;s 2 iy 4 ° j.dfõ j,a me,Eá bj;a lrkak'



uQ,sl fmdfydr 45 130 65udihlg miq 45 - -

23

lDñ md,khlsysm jr®.hlg wh;a lr,a ú†k o<Uqjka" m;% lSvEjka"l+ä;a;ka iy msá ul=Kka ksid uE j._j,g ydks is≥úh yelsh'oreKq uÜgfï ydkshla mj;sk wjia:dj,° muKla ksr®foaYs;lDñkdYl fhdod tlS lDóka md,kh lsrSug lghq;= lrkak'

lDñkdYl fh†ug fmr iq≥iq wjia:djg m;aù we;s lr,afk,d .ekSug lghq;= lrkak' lDñ kdYl f,an,fha i|ykafmr wiajkq ld,h .; ùug fmr" kej; wiajekak fk,Sumd˙fNda.sl fi!LHhg wys;lrh'

fr`. md,kh

mduq, l=Kqùu

m;% ly mdgjk w;r" fr`.S me, ue,ù hhs' l| mduq,m%foaYfhka ≥Uqre meyeÿ ≥r®jr®Kùula weÿ ù th l%ufhkaby< m%foaYh olajd jO_khfõ'

fn`. udrej mfiys wêl f;;uk ;;ajhla weÿ fkdúugj. n,d .ekSu yd jeämqr khsá%cka wvx.= ridh⁄l fmdfydrfkdfh°u wd†h flfrys jeä wjOdkhla fh†fuka fr`.hmd,khlr .; yelsh' fr`.h oreKq ;;ajhg m;aù we;Akï⁄r®foaYs; †,Sr kdYlhŸka mi f;;al< hq;=h'

wΩ meye;s l| wx.udrh

fuh f;;a l,dmfha j.djka i|yd nyq, jYfhka je<¢h yelsfrda.hls' frda.h we;sjkafka uefl%df*dañkd f*aisfhda,s keue;s†,Srh ksidh'

fuu frda.h l=vd me,j,g fukau ;rula jevqk me,j,goje<¢h yelsh' uQ,sl frda. ,CIK jYfhka wΩ ≥Uqre meye;s.s,ajqk iajNdjhla .kakd úh<s me,a,ï lf|ys mdoia:m%foaYfhys we;s fõ' Ydlh l%ufhka jefv;au" fuu frda.me,a,ï me,Eáfha w.%ia: m%foaYh olajd l%ufhka úYd, fõ'túg l%u l%ufhka me,Eáh ue, ù miqj ue¯ hhs' frda.S .iaj,m;% lymdg ù ue¯hduo is≥fõ' frda.h oreKq uÜgñka mj;skj.djkays úYd, wiajkq ydkshla we;súh yelsh'

m∫re fmdf<dka uE m%fNaoh fuu frda.hg fyd¢ka Tfrd;a;=fok w;r î'tia' 1 m%fNaoh thg úYd, jYfhka f.d≥re fõ'fiak iy nqIsgdfjda foaYSh m%fNao fuu frda.hg uOHia:uÜgulska Tfrd;a;= foa' j.djg i;s 4 muK jhia jQ úgfgnqfldkfida,a ^f*d,slr®& †,Sr kdYlh fh°fuka idr®:ljfrda.h md,kh lr.; yelsh'

wiajekak fk,Sum∫re wdldrfha j._j, iEu †k 3 - 4 jrla ne.ska wiajkqjdr 7 - 12 muK ,nd.; yeŸh' je,a wdldrfha j._ j,skaoiEu †k 3- 4 jrla ne.ska wiajkq jdr 15 - 16 muK ,nd.;yeŸh'

wiajekak

fmdf<dka iy yj˙ uE - fylaghdrhlg fuá%la fgdka 12nqIsgdfj` foaYsh - fylaghdrhlg fuá%la fgdka 10m∫re fmdf<dka uE - fylaghdrhlg fuá%la fgdka 9

24

oU,

fidf*dldmia fgg%df.dfkdf,dania

Psophocarpus tetragonolobus

l=,h - *efíiS

uqyq≥ uÜgfï isg ógr® 2000 muK Wia jQ m%foaY olajd j.dl<yels fnda.hls' mdrïm˙lj j.dlrk ,o oU, m%fNaoj,skawiajkq ,nd.; yelsjQfha uy lkakfha° muKls' thg fya;=jtu m%fNaoj, u,a msmSu i|yd flá †jd ld, ;sìh hq;=jQ ksidh'kuq;a jr®;udkfha° jir mqrdu j.dlr wiajkq ,nd.; yelskj m%fNao ìyslr ;sfí'

mije,s iys; miaj, fukau ueá wêl miaj,o j.dl< yelsfnda.hls' kuq;a fyd¢ka c,h neihk" ldnksl øjH uekúkawvx.=" je,s f,daï iy ueá f,daï mia j.dj i|yd jvd iq≥iqh'

ìï ieliSu.eUqrg ìu fmr<d leg fmdälr .kak' bvfuys c,h r|disàfï wjodkula mj;Skï Wia md;a;s fyda jeá yd ldkqwdldrhg bvu ilialr .kak'

ksr®foaYs; m%fNao

tia't,a'tia' 44

jir mqrdu j.dlr idr®:l wiajekakla ,nd.; yels j._hls'lr,a fld, meye;sh' lr,l idudkH nr .%eï 15 muK fõ'

25

îc wjYH;djhfylaghdrhlg lsf,da .%Eï 21-23 ls'

mr;rhfikaá ñgr® 75 ‹ fikaá ógr® 60 ls'

j.d ld,hjr®Id ld,h wdrïNh;a iu. îc isgqjkak' tla j,lfikaá ñgr® 2-5 muK .eUq˙ka îc 2-3 muK isgqúh hq;=h'

fmdfydr fh°ufyd¢ka †rdm;a jq ldnksl fmdfydr" ilid.;a j,j,aj,gfhdod mia iu. fyd¢ka l<jï lr.kak' fuhg wu;rj my;i|yka wdldrhg ridhksl fmdfydr o j.djg ,ndfokak'

c, iïmdokhúh<s ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajhka mj;sk wjia:dj,° i;shlgjrla muK ne.ska j.djg c,h imhkak' je,s wêl mia iys;bvïj, j.dlr we;súg fuhg jvd wvq ld, mr;rhlskac,h ,nd°ug is≥jkq we;'

j,a me,Eá md,khwdrïNl wjia:dfõ° oU, fnda.h b;d fiñka jr®Okhjkksid fuu ld,fha° j,a me,Eá md,kh ms<sn|j úfYaIfhkaie,ls,su;a jkak' îc m%frdayKh ù i;s 1" 3" 5" 7 iy 12 ° j,ame,Eá md,kh ls¯u úfYaIfhka ksr®foaY lrkq ,efí'

lDñ yd frda. md,khoU, j.djg úYd, jYfhka ydks muqKqjkq ,nk lDóka iyfrda. ms,sn| jdr®;d ù ke;' iuyr wjia:dj,° m;% wdydrhg.kakd o<Uqjka yd lr,a ú¢k mKqjka jeks lDóka ksid iqΩydks we;súh yelsh' nelaà˙hd ue,ùu ksid je,aj,g ydks ùwe;s wjia:d ms<sn|j o l,d;=rlska jdr®;d ù ;sfí'

wiajkq fk,Suksr®foaYs; m%fNaofhys ^tia't,a'tia' 44& m<uq wiajekak †k 75° muK ,nd.; yelsh' kuq;a nyq, jYfhka j.dlrkq ,nkfjk;a m%fNaoj, fï i|yd †k 90-100 muK ld,hla .;fõ'tu wjia:dfõ isg i;s 6-7 muK ld,hla ;=, wiajkq ,nd.;yelsh' †k 3-4 jrla ne.ska ,má lr,a fk,d.kak'

wiajekak

fylaghdrhlg fgdka 15-20 ls'wdOdrl isgqùuj,j,a wi,ska isgqjd.;a wdOdrl lKq fj; je,a mqyqKq lrkak'



uQ,sl fmdfydr 45 220 65me, u;=ù i;s 4 20 - -me, u;=ú i;s 10 20 - -

26

;lald,s

,hsfldmr®islka tialshq,ekagï

Lycopersicon esculentum

l=,h - fid,fkaiS

,xldfõ Wvrg f;;a l,dmfha yer wksl=;a ishÆu lDIsfoaY.=◊l l,dmj, ;lald,s j.dl< yelsh' th f.dúhdgidr®:l wdodhula Wmhdfok" ie,lshhq;= wmkhk úNjhlawe;s yd úgñka ta" iS yd Lksc modr®: wvx.= fnda.hla o fõ'

ksr®foaYs; m%fNao

fla'ví'wdr®' ^à'62&

m∫re ;lald,s m%fNaohls' nelaá˙hdkq ysgq uerSug fyd¢kaTfrd;a;= foa' f.ähl idudkH nr .%Eï 50 la muKh'

frdaud

m∫re ;lald,s m%fNaohls' my; rg úh<s l,dmhg jvd;aiq≥iqh' f.ähl idudkH nr .%Eï 60 la muKfõ' ;o fmd;a;laiys;h' n,andldr yeve;sh'

udr®.af,daí

je,a ;lald,s m%fNaohls' jvd;a iq≥iq jkafka Wvrg w;rue†l,dmhgh' f.ähl idudkH nr .%Eï 100 la muKh' ;ofmd;a;lska hqla;h'

27

ìhkaia ^à'89&

wr®O jYfhka je,a wdldrhg jefvk ;lald,s m%fNaohls'Wvrg w;rueo l,dmhg jvd;a iq≥iqh' f.ähl idudkHnr .%Eï 100 la muKfõ' ;o fmd;a;la iys;h

à' 146

m∫re ;lald,s m%fNaohls' f.ähl idudkH nr .%Eï 90 lamuKh' ;o fmd;a;la we;' nelaá˙hdkq ysgquerSfï frda.hg"fkufgdavdjkag m%;sfrdaêh" fld< fldvùfï jhsria frda.hgfCIa;%fha Tfrd;a;= °ula fmkajhs'

úydr 2

fouqyqï m%fNaohls' jO_k ú,dYh m∫rla jeksh' f.ählidudkH nr .%Eï 65 muK fõ' ;o fmd;a;la iys;h'

;s<sK

wm˙ñ; jr®Okhla iys; jeä wiajkq fok m%fNaohls' †k 45° u,a msfmk w;r udi 2 1$2 ° m<uq wiajekak ,nd foa' wjujYfhka jdr 12 muK wiajkq ,nd.; yelsh' i,do i|ydfukau úúO ksIamdok ieliSu i|yd o iq≥iq fuu m%fNaofhaf.ä ;o iajNdjhlska hqla; ksid m%jdykfha° is≥jk ydksj,gfyd¢ka Tfrd;a;= foa' f.ähl idudkH nr .%Eï 85-95 muKfõ' b≥Kq f.ä ;eô,s r;= mdgh' f.ähla ;=< wvx.= îcm%udKh fjk;a fndfyda j._j,g jvd wvqh'

rú

jeä m˙ir WIaKFjhla mj;sk m%foaY i|yd úfYaIfhka.e,fmk m%fNaohls' m˙ñ; jr®Okhla iys;hs' b∫Kq f.ä;eô,s-r;= mdgh' miq wiajkq ydks wvqh' f.ä msms¯ug ydysgque¯ug ;rula Tfrd;a;= foa'

;˙∫

ysgque˙ug fyd¢ka Tfrd;a;= fok ;o r;= meye;s uohla iys;rjqï f.ä yg.kakd j._hls' úúO ;lald,s ksIamdok ieliSui|yd úfYaIfhka iq≥iqh' f.ähl idudkH nr .%Eï 43 muKfõ'

rIañ

fouqyqka ;lald,s m%fNaoj, fuka úYd, f.ä yg.kakd" jeäwiajekakla ,nd .; yels m%fNaohls' m∫rla wdldrhg jefvkiSñ; jr®Okhla we;s .ils' b≥Kq f.ä ;eò,s r;= mdgh'.%eï 185 la muK nrh' ysgq ue¯fï frda.hg uOHia: uÜgñkam%;sfrdaê;djhla olajhs' idudkH wiajekak fylaghdrhlgfuá%la fgdka 25 - 28 muK fõ'

r‚;

.%eï 80 muK nrlska hq;a fuu m%fNaofha f.ä b≥Kq úg ;eò,smdgh' m∫rla wdldrhg jefvk Ydlfhys iSñ; jr®Okú,dYhla mj;S' ysgq ue¯fï frda.hg uOHia: uÜgfïm%;sfrdaë;djhla fmkajhs' f.ä me,Su is≥jkafka b;d uojYfhks' idudkH wiajekak fylaghdrhlg fuá%la fgdka 30muK fõ'

îc wjYH;djhfylaghdrhg - .%Eï 300-400 ls'

;jdka ms<sfh, lsrSuógr® 1 la m<," ógr 3 la †. ;jdka md;a;s 20 la fylaghdrhlai|yd wjYHh'

md;a;s jgd ldKqj fikaá ñgr® 45 la m<,g ilikak';jdka md;a;s fikaá ñgr® 18-20 muK Wiaúh hq;=h'

u;=msg mia yd fldïfmdaiaÜ iu m%udK j,ska ñY%lr"fikaá ñgr® 5 muK >klu ;Ügqjla fia md;a;sh u; w;=rkak'

„jdkqyrKhridhksl øjH fh°fuka - lemagdka$;srdïms<siaiSu u.ska - md;a;sh fyd|ska f;ud udrefjka udrejgoyhshd yd ms≥re ;Ügq jYfhka oud mqΩiaid .kak'

îc ;jdka oeóu

iq≥iq ld,h

udr®;= ueo fyda wf.daia;= ui w.° îc ;jdka oukak';jdka ≤óug fmr îc .%Eï 125 lg lemagdka$;srdï jeks†,SrkdYl .%Eï 2 la ñY%lr .kak';jdfka fma,s w;r mr;rh fikaá ñgr® 12-15 la jkfiaîc ;=kSj oukak'

isgqjk .eUqr

fikaá ñgr® 0'5 -1'0 muK .eUqrlska îc isgqjd ;=kS mia;Ügqjlska jikak' bkamiq md;a;sh ms˙is≥ ms≥re jeksøjHhlska ;=kSj jikak' †km;d c,h oukak'

wêl jeiafika$ysre t<sfhka wdrCIdlr .ekSu i|yd ;jdkwdjrKh lrkak'

28

†k 7 lska miq jiqk bj;a lrkak' †k 8 - 10 ;=<° me, ;=kSlrkak' j,a me<Eá w;ska .,jd oukak'

me, .e,ùug †k lsysmhlg l<ska me, oeälsrSu i|yd;jdkg c,h wvqfjka iemhSu yd jeä fõ,djla ysret<shgme, ksrdjrKh lsrSu jeo.;ah'

fCIa;%h ms<sfh, lsrSu

fmr lkakfha fid,fkaisfha l=,fha ñ˙ia" ngq" wr®;dm,a& fnda.j.d fkdl< bvula j.dj i|yd f;dard .kak'

.eUqre mia fmr,Sulska miq fmdf,dj uÜgï fldg ukdj c,hneihk m˙† bvu ilid .kak'

mr;rhfikaá ógr® 80 ‹ 50 ls'

fCIa;%fha isgqùume, .e,ùug †klg fmr ;jdka fyd¢ka f;;a lrkak'

;jdfka me, †k 14 - 21 w;r° .,jd isgqjkak' ijia jrefõme, isgqjkak'

me, isgqjk iEu j,lgu ldnksl fmdfydr fhdokak'^fylaghdrhlg fgdka 6 - 12& iu;,d md;a;sj, fyda Wiamd;a;sj, fyda me, isgqùu lrkak' me, isgqjd wêl ysre/ia we;s kï me,j, uq,a jefvk f;la wdjrKh fldg;nkak'

fmdfydr fh°uilid .;a j,j,aj,g me, isgqùug †k 2-3 fmr ldnkslfmdfydr iy uQ,sl fmdfydr jYfhka fh†h hq;= ridhkslfmdfydr fhdod mia iuÛ ñY% lrkak' ldnksl fmdfydrjYfhka fylaghdrhlg fgdka 10 muK l=l=,a fmdfydr ofh†h yelsh'

ridhksl fmdfydr

n≥,a, †ia;s%lalh i|yd ;s%;aj iqmr® fmdiafmaÜ fylaghdrhglsf,da .%Eï 220 fhdokak'

c, iïmdokhfnda.hg m%udKj;a f,i c,h ,nd fokak' jeämqr c,h fh°uiq≥iq ke;' úfYaIfhka úh<s ld,hlg miq jeämqr c,hfh≥jfyd;a f.ä msmsrSug bv ;sfí'

j,a ur®okhme, isgqjd i;s 3 ° yd 6 ° is≥ lrkak'

wdOdrl isgqùu.ia weo jeàu j,ld.ekSu i|yd u,a msmSu wdrïN ùug l,ska.ia wi, isgqjd.;a fldagqj,g .ia ;nd m%fõYfuka n¢kak'

fhosh hq;= hQ˙hd ;s%;aj iqmr® ñhq˙fhaÜld,h fmdiafmaÜ T*a fmdgEIa


uQ,sl fmdfydr 65 325 65me, u;=ù i;s 3 miq 65 - -me, u;=ù i;s 6 miq 65 - 65

29

l g%hslaf,daf*daka" 500 g/1 - ñ,s ,Sgr® 37^ämafgfrlaia&

l fm%df*fkdf*dia" 500 g/1 - ñ,s ,Sgr® 23^fi,sfl%daka&

l fm%d;sfhdf*dia" 500 g/1 - ñ,s ,Sgr® 30^fgdl=;fhdaka&

l laf,da*aÆjiqfrdaka" 50 g/1 - ñ,s ,Sgr® 10^wegfn%daka&

by; lDñkdYl m%udK c,h ,Sgr® 10 l ne.ska ñY%lrfhdokak'

frda. md,kh

;jdka frda.

†,Sr jr®. lsysmhla ksid †hu,kalEu fkdfyd;a mduq, l=Kqùuwe;súh yel'

frda.S me,j, lf|ys mduq, m%foaYh l=Kqù me, weojeà fydaue,ù miqj uerS hhs'

md,kh

;jdka mfia frda. we;s lrk †,Sr jr®. we;s neúka ;jdkailia lrk úg ;jdka md;a;sj, mi mqΩiaid .kak'

tfia fkdue;s kï my; i|yka †,SrkdYlj,ska tlla †hlrmi fyd¢ka f;fuk fia u,a nd,a†hlska mig fhdokak'

l lemagdka 50] - .%Eï 6l lemagdka 80] - .%Eï 4l laf,dafrd;ef,dks,a ^vefldks,a& - .%Eï 6l ;srdï - .%Eï 7l ;fhd*fkaÜ ó;hs,a ^fgdmaiSka& - .%Eï 3

by; †,SrkdYl m%udK c,h ,Sgr 5 l †hlr jr®. ógr 2lg fhdokak' ke;fyd;a my; i|yka †,SrkdYl iu. ñY%lrîc isgqjkak'

l lemagdka 50] - .%Eï 6l lemagdka 80] - .%Eï 4l ;srdï - .%Eï 4

by; m%udKh îc lsf,da 1 lg iEfya'

†,Sr ue,ùu

†,Sr jr®. lsysmhla ksid we;s fõ'

frda. ,CIK

.i ue,ù hhs' .fia mduq, yd uq,a l=Kqù hhs' iuyrúg uq,ayd mduq, fldgfia iq≥mdg †,Sr oelsh yel'

lDñ md,kh

;lald,s f.ä ú†k mKqjd

ydksfha ,CIK

l=vd mkqjd flá ld,hla m;% lñka l%ufhka f.ä ú°ug mgka.kS' f.äj, is≥re olakg ,efí'

md,kh

my; i|yka lDñkdYlj,ska tlla j.djg fhdokak'laf,da*aÆjiqfrdka - ñ,s ,Sgr® 10 50 g/1 ^wegfn%dka& neis,ia;=frka‚tkaisia - .%Eï 45 ^î'à'& by; lDñkdYlj, kshñ;m%udK c,h ,Sgr 10l ne.ska †hlr biskak'

u,a yd f.ä yg.kakd wjêfha° lDñkdYl bish hq;=h' wjYHkï muKla †k 14 lg jrla lDñkdYl o" †k 10 lg jrlaî'à o fh°u jvd;a iq≥iqh' wiajekak fk,Sug †k 14 lg fmrlDñkdYl fh°u kj;ajkak'

lsh;a mkqjd

ydksfha ,CIK

l=vd me,j, l| lmd úkdYlr ouhs'

md,kh

fCIa;%fha mi fyd¢ka fmr,d ysret<shg ksrdjrKh lrkak'

isgqjk wjia:dfõ fylaghdr 1 lg ldfnd*shqrdka 3]lsf,da .%Eï 22 - 35 w;r m%udKhla mig l,jï lrkak'

tfia ke;fyd;a"my; i|yka lDñkdYlj,ska tlla me, isgqùfuka miqme,h jgd mi f;fukfia fhdokak'

30

md,kh

ldKq .eUqrelr fyd¢ka c,h nei hdug i,iajkak' by;†,Sr kdYl frda.S me,fha uq,a yd ta wjg we;s me,j, uq,afyd¢ka f;fuk fia u,a nd,a†hlska fhdokak'

nelaà˙hd ysgquerSu

mfia we;s nelaà˙hdjla u.ska we;s fõ'

frda. ,CIK

me, ue,ùu is≥ fõ' .fia mduq, fyda uq,a l=Kqùula msg;skaolakg fkd,efí' mi uÜgug wÛ,la muK Wäka l| lmdms˙is≥ j;=r Ndckhlg oeuQúg ls˙mdg kQ,a fuka nelaà˙hdmsg;g meñfKa kï" fuh nelaà˙hd ysgquerSu nj ia:srjuks.ukhl, yel' fï wkqj †,Sr ysgque˙fuka fuh fjkalry∫kd.; yelsh'

md,kh

ldKq .eUqrelr fyd¢ka c,jykh we;s lrkak'm%;sfrdaë jr®. j.d lrkak' KWR b;du;a m%;sfrdaëh'T-146 ;rula fuhg m%;sfrdaëfõ'mig ldnksl fmdfydr fhdokak'

wx.udrh

frda. ,CIK

fld<j, yd lf|a ≥Uqre fyda lΩmdg mq,a,s we;s fõ' tajd jeisfyda ó≥u iys; ld,.=Kfha° blau◊ka úYd, ù l=Kqù hhs'mq,a,sj,g Wäka we;s .fia fldgia lvdjeàu fyda ue,ùuis≥fõ' fuu mq,a,s .fia ´kEu ;ekl we;súh yel' f.äj,otu mq,a,s we;sù f.äo l=Kqù hhs'

md,kh

jeis iys; ld,.=Khla we;súg° frda.h blaukska me;srS .iaish,a,u úkdY ù hd yels neúka frda. ,CIK ≥gqjydu my;†,SrkdYlj,ska folla f;dardf.k udrefjka udrejg i;s 2lg jrla fhdokak'

l laf,dafrda;ef,dks,a ^vefldks,a& - ñ,s ,Sgr® 30l fm%msfkí ^wekag%flda,a& - ñ,s ,Sgr® 20l uekafldfií - ñ,s ,Sgr® 20l uefkí - ñ,s ,Sgr® 25l fm%dmfudldí ^fm%úlr®& - ñ,s ,Sgr® 35

by; †,Sr kdYl m%udKh c,h ,Sgr 10 l †hlr .ia fyd¢kaf;fuk fia fhdokak'

ksr®foaYs; wdldrhg fmdfydr ñY%K fhdokak' jeäfhka hQ hdfmdfydr fkdfhdokak' frda.s .ia yd f.ä fCIa;%fhka bj;alrúkdYlr oukak'

msámqia frda.h

frda. ,CIK

iq≥mdg msá jeks †,Srfha fldgia fld<j, há me;af;a uq,skauwe;s fõ' fï ksid fld<j, Wv me;a; lymdg fõ'

md,kh

frda. ,CIK ≥gq jydu i,a*r® l=vq .%Eï 50 c,h ,Sgr 10 l†hlr biskak' wjYH kï kej; i;shlska biskak'


frda. ,CIK

f.ä l=Kqùu yd l| by< isg l=Kqùu" u,a ye,Shdu is≥ fõ'jeis iys; ld,.=Kfha° frda.h oreKq fõ'

md,kh

my; i|yka †,SrkdYlj,ska tlla fhdokak'

l laf,da;ef,dks,a ^vefldks,a& - .%Eï 20l uekafldfií - .%eï 20l uefkí - .%Eï 20l ldnkavisï ^neúiaáka& - .%Eï 7

by; †,Sr kdYl m%udK c,h ,Sgr 10 l †hlr biskak'

f.äj, hg l=Kqùu

fuh fnda.hlg ,efnk c, m%udKh jeäùu fyda wvqùu ksidwe;sjkakls'

frda. ,CIK

f.äfha há me;a; l=Kqù hhs'

md,kh

j;=r jeä ld,j,° ldKq .eUqrelr j;=r nei hdugi,iajkak' j;=r ysÛ ld,j,° j;=r imhkak'

f;;ukh taldldrSj mj;ajd .ekSug ms≥re" fld< j._ wd†hfhdod me, wjg jiqka lrkak'

ffjria frda.

,xldfõ ;lald,s j.djg n,mdk ffjria frda. lsysmhls'

l msms[a[d úÑ;% ffjrih (CMV)l ≥ïfld< úÑ;% ffjrih (TMV)l fgduefgda iafmdgâ ú,aÜ ffjrih (TSWV)l ;lald,s lymeye fld< fldvùfï ffjrih (TYLCV)l lr®,s fgdma ffjrih (CT)

31

CWV frda. ,CIK

Ydl l=reùu" m;% lyùu" m;% isyskaùu f.ä l=vdùu" wvqùuyd m%udo ù fïrSu

fndaùu

l=ä;a;ka u.ska" frda.S Ydlj, hqI ksfrda.S Ydlj, ;ejrSfuka"j,a me,Eá îc u.ska

md,kh

j,a me,Eá úkdY lsrSu'msms[a[d l=,fha yd fid,fkais l=,fha fnda. iuÛ ;lald,sñY% j.djla f,i j.d fkdlsrSu'frda.S me, bj;a lsrSu'frda. jdylhdf.a .ykh wvqlr .ekSug ksr®foaYs;lDñkdYl fh°u'

TMV frda. ,CIK

l Ydl l=reùul m;%" ójk m;% fuka isyskaj †laùu'l m;% úÑ;%h yd m;% /,s .eiSu'l f.ä b°u taldldrj is≥fkdùu

fndaùu

l frda.S Ydlj,ska ,nd.;a îc u.skal frda.S j.djkays mia yd uq,a u.skal frda.S Ydl fldgiaj,ska

md,kh

wdid†; Ydl mqΩiaid oeóu" ms is≥ îc Ndú;h" îc m%;sldrlfh°u" g%hsfidaähï äflda fmdiafmaÜ ødjKfha úkdâ 15 laîc ;nd c,fhka fidaod îc fõ,Su'

TSWV frda. ,CIK

l m;%j, ;U meyehla we;s fõ'l ,má m;% u; ;o me,a,ï yg.kS'l w.%ia:h ñhhdu yd Ydl l| u; b˙ we;sfõ'l w;= ue,ù lvd jefÜ' f.ä u; rjqï me,a,ï we;s fõ'

fndaùu

me, uelalka u.ska" îc u.ska" Ydl hqI u.ska'

md,kh

j,a me,Eá úkdY lsrSu" frda.S me, bj;a lsrSu" ksfrda.S îcNdú;h" jdylhdf.a .yKh wvqlsrSu" ksr®foaYs; lDñkdYlfh°u'

TYLCV frda. ,CIK

l lf|ys w.%ia: iDcqj ;sîu yd miqj fláùu'l m;% l=vdùu'l m;% Wvg fyda hgg yels,Su'l jr®Okh nd,ùu'

fndaùu

iq≥ueiaid u.ska fndafõ' kuq;a îc yd Ydl hqI u.ska fuufrda.h fnda fkdfõ'

md,kh

iq≥ueiaid md,khg ksr®foaYs; lDñkdYl fh°u' frda.S Ydlbj;alsrSu" j,ame,Eá úkdY lsrSu'

CT frda. ,CIK

l=vd l< frda. Ydl úh<S ñh hhs" Ydl l=re fõ" m;% kgqmy;g lvd jefÜ" m;% Wv w;g yelsf,a" m;% ≥Uqre meyeùkdrá oï meyefõ' f.ä u; ≥Uqre meye;s me,a,ï yg.kS'

fndaùu

fld<mdg lSvEjka u.ska fndajk fuu frda.h Ydl hqI u.skajHdma; fkdfõ'

md,kh

j,ame,Eá md,kh" ksr®foaYs; lDñkdYl fhdod jdylhdmd,kh' frda.S Ydl bj;a lsrSu" îÜ yd ;lald,s ñY% fnda.f,i j.d fkdlsrSu''

wiajekakfyd¢ka kv;a;=l< j.djlska fylaghdrhlg fgdka 20-30muK wiajekakla ,nd.; yelsh'

wiajkq fk,Su

f.ä fld< meyefha isg ly mehg yefrk wjia:dfõ°fk,d.kak' wiajkq fk,Su 10-12 jrlg muK l< hq;=h

wiajekak ilid .ekSu

fk,d.;a f.ä" m%udKh wkqj j._lr" fyd¢ka jd;dY%h ,efnkm˙† ,S fmÜáj, wiqrd fj<|fmd,g hjkak'

32

fndaxÑ

*eis´,ia jq,a.d˙ia

Phaseolus vulgaris

l=,h - *efíis

foaY.=◊l wjYH;dn≥,a," kqjrt<sh" ud;f,a yd uykqjr †ia;s%lalj, oekgfndaxÑ nyq,j j.d flfr®' WIaKFjh b;d jeä yd ;o jr®Idjiys; ld,.=◊l ;;aj mj;sk m%foaY fndaxÑ j.djg iq≥iq ke;'u,a yg.kakd wjêfha° WIaKFjh fikaá%f.%aä wxYl 30 gjvd wvqúh hq;=hs' Wvrg f;;a l,dmh o fndaxÑ j.djg iq≥iqfkdfõ'

miukd c, jykhla we;s f,daï mia yd je,s f,dï mia iq≥iqh'r;= ly fmdâfid,sla mi fndaxÑ j.dj i|yd jvd;a WÑ;mia j._hls' mS'tÉ' w.h 6'5 isg 7'5 w;r we;s mila j.djgjvd;a ys;lr fõ'

33

ìï ieliSuwähla muK .eUqrg mi fmr,d fyd¢ka leg fmdälr .kak'

ksr®foaYs; m%fNaom%Odk jYfhka m∫re yd je,a fndaxÑ f,i wdrhka folls'

je,a fndaxÑ m%fNao

flkagls jkavr® .S%ka (K.W.G.)

fld<meye;s" uOHu m%udKfha" fl¢ iys;" keuqKq w. iys;lr,aj,ska hqla;h'

lemafmáfmd, ks,a

fi'ó 18-20 muK †. fld< meye;s lr,a iys; je,a fndaxÑm%fNaohls' m<uq wiajekak †k 60-65 ° ,nd.; yels w;r"wiajkq fk,Su jdr 6-8 l< yelsh' tla je,l idudkHfhkalr,a 46 l muK ixLHdjla yg.kS' nKavdrfj, m%foaYfhaf.dùkaf.a fCIa;%j, idudkHfhka fylaghdrhlg fuá%lafgdka 17-18 muK wiajekakla ,nd.; yelsh' fuu m%fNaohu,lv" weka;%elafkdaia iy îc me, l=vd wjêfha° je<fokuq,a l=Kqùfï frda.hg Tfrd;a;= foa' îc ;o oï mdgh'

n,xf.dv ks,a

fikaá ógr® 14 la muK †.e;s rjqï" fld, meye;s lr,a yg.kakd je,a fndaxÑ m%fNaohls' îc ≥Uqre meye;sh' jef,ystaldld¯j me;s˙ lr,a yg .kS' u,lv yd uq,a l=Kq ùfïfrda.j,g Tfrd;a;= foa' idudkH wiajekak fylaghdrhlgfuá%la fgdka 12 - 14 muK ,nd .; yelsh'

,xld ngr®

fikaá ógr® 16 - 17 muK †.lska hq;a ly meye;s" rjqï lr,ayg.kakd je,a fndaxÑ m%fNaohls' îc lΩ meye;sh' idudkHwiajekak fylaghdrhlg fuá%la fgdka 16 muK fõ' uq,a l=Kqùu" weka;%elafkdaia yd u,lv frda.j,g Tfrd;a;= °fïyelshdjla o fuu m%fNaoh i;=h'

foaYSh m%fNao o f.dùka w;r ckms%h fõ'Wod( mSia ngr®" lgq.iaf;dg'

m∫re fndaxÑ m%fNao

fõâ

;ofld<" rjqï" udxY," fl¢ rys;" uOHu m%udKfha lr,ayg.kS'

fgdma fl%dma

lr,a ,d fld," rjqï" fl¢ iys; yd uOHu m%udKfhaúYd,;ajhlska hqla;hs'

fpfrdls jelaia

me;,s ´j,dldr" fl¢ iys; lr,a lymdgg yqreh'

îc wjYH;djhfylaghdrhlg je,a fndaxÑ îc lsf,da.%Eñ 50 la muKo" m≥refndaxÑ îc lsf,da.%Eñ 75 la muKo wjYH fõ'

îc isgqúh hq;= ld,hn≥,a, †ia;s%lalfha uy lkakfha° fkdjeïnr®® foieïnr®udij,;a" h, lkakfha° udr®;=$wfma%,a udij,;a îc isgqùulrkq ,efí'

mr;rhm∫re fndaxÑ i|yd - fikaá ógr® 40‹10je,a fndaxÑ i|yd - fikaá ógr® 45‹30

fmdfydr fh°ufylaghdrhla i|yd my; i|yka fmdfydr m%udK ksr®foaYlr;sfí'

je,a fndaxÑ

m∫re fndaxÑ

fhosh hq;= hq˙hd ;s%;ajiqmr® ñhq˙fhaÜld,h fmdiafmaÜ T*a fmdgEIa


uQ,sl fmdfydr 110 275 75me, u;=ù i;s 3 ° 110 - 75

fh†h hq;= hq˙hd ;s%;ajiqmr® ñhq˙fhaÜld,h fmdiafmaÜ T*a fmdgEIa


uQ,sl fmdfydr 85 165 65me, u;=ù i;s 3 ° 85 - 65

34

j.dfõ jhi i;s 2-3 jQ úg u;=msg fmdfydr fh°fuka miqjje,a fndaxÑ i|yd fldagq isgqùu wjYH fõ'

c, iïmdokhmfia f;;ukh WÑ; whq˙ka mj;ajd .ekSfuka jeäwiajekakla ,nd.; yelsh' jr®Idm;kh wvqúg c,iïmdokhl< hq;=h' u,a yd lr,a yg.kakd ld,fha°úfYaIfhka c, iïmdokh ls¯u jeo.;ah'

j,a me,Eá md,khu;=msg fmdfydr fh°ug m<uqj j,a ur®okh lrkak'

lDñ md,khfndaxÑ ueiaid" lr,a ú†k mKqjd yd m;% lkskakd fndaxÑj.djg ydks lrk m%Odk lDókah' fndaxÑ ueiaid i|yd fndaxÑîc me, jQ miq f*dfud;sfhdaka fyda fugisiafgdlaia wjqkai 01la j;=r .eÆï 03 lg fhdod j.djg bish hq;=h' kej; †k10-12 lg miq lDñkdYlh kej; fh°uo ksr®foaY lrkq ,efí'

lr,a ú†k mKqjd i|yd" u,a msmSu wdrïN ùu;a iuÛ iq≥iqlDñ kdYlhla fh†h hq;=hs' m;% lkskakdf.a ydkshg iq≥iq lDñkdYlhla uq,a ld,fha° fhosh hq;=h'

frda. md,khweka;%elafkdaia" u,lv frda.h yd fndaxÑ úÑ;% ffjria frda.fndaxÑ j.dfõ m%Odk frda. fõ'

weka;%elafkdaia ur®Okh i|yd ksr®foaYs; †,Sr kdYlhla fh°ufyda îc m%;sldr lsrSu fyda is≥l, yelsh' u,lv frda.hur®Okh i|yd †,Sr kdYlhla fh°u yd Tfrd;a;= fok m%fNaoj.d lsrSul, hq;=fõ'

wiajkq fk,Sum∫re fndaxÑ †k 45 lska muKo" je,a fndaxÑ †k 60 lska muKowiajekak fk,sh yelshs' lr,a fïrSug l,ska wiajekak fk,d.; hq;=hs'

wiajekak

ukd j.d md,k ;;a;aj hgf;a m∫re fnd axÑj,skafylaghdrhlg fgdka 5-10 yd je,a fnd axÑj,skafylaghdrhlg fgdka 10-15 l wiajekakla ,nd .; yelsh'

miq wiajkq lghq;=

wiajkq fk,Sfï° lr,aj,g ydkshla fkdjk f,i l< hq;=h'm%jdykfha° fyd¢ka jd;dY%h iys; weiqreïj, fndaxÑ lr,aweisrSu jeo.;ah'

îc ksIamdokhfoaYShj îc ksIamdokhl< yelsh' frda.j,ska f;dr me,j,skamuKla îc ,nd .; hq;=h' m∫re fndaxÑ fylaghdrhlska îcfgdka 01 la muKo je,a fndaxÑ fylaghdrhlska îc fgdka 11$2 laa muKo ,nd .; yelsh' îc .nvd lsrSug fmr fyd¢kaúh,d .; hq;=h'

35

rdnq

/*kqia ieghsjia

Raphanus sativus

l=,h - n%isflais

YS% ,xldfõ ishΩu lDIs foaY.=◊l l,dmj, rdnq j.dl<yelsh' fyd¢ka c,h neihk mS'tÉ w.h 6'0 - 7'5 w;r jQ milaj.dj i|yd jvd iq≥iqh'

ìï ieliSufikaá ógr® 30-40 muK .eUqrg mi fmr<d fyd¢ka legfmdälr .kak' Wia md;a;s ilid ldnksl fmdfydr mi iu.l<jï lr.kak'

ksr®foaYs; m%fNao

cmka fnda,

iq≥ meye;s rjqï w, ksmojhs' m;% lKaäldj,g fn° we;sw;r ueo kdráh m%foaYfha nQj iys;h' †k 45-55 ° wiajekakfk,d.; yelsh' ueo yd Wvrg m%foaYj,g jvd iq≥iqh'

îrΩ

iq≥meye;s ;r®l= yev;s w, yg.kS' m;% fn° fyda nqj iys;iajNdjhla fyda ke;' †k 45-50 ° wiajekak fk,d.; yelsh'my;rg m%foaY i|yd jvd iq≥iqh'

fuhg wu;rj §frâ /äIa¶ kñka fndfydaúg y∫kajkq ,nki,do rdnq j._ho Wvrg m%foaYj, f.dùka w;r ckms%hh'†k 35 - 45 ° wiajkq fk,d.; yels fuu m%fNaofha §wegfnda,¶ m%udKfha r;=meye;s w, yg.kS' msiSulska f;drj i,dowdldrhg wdydrhg .; yelsh'

36

îc wjYH;djhfylaghdrhlg lsf,da .%Eï 5 ls'

mr;rhfma,s w;r fikaá ógr® 25- 30 yd me, w;rfikaá ógr® 10ls'i,do rdnq i|yd fikaá ógr® 20 ‹ 50 ls'

isgqùuîc isgqúh hq;af;a fma,s †f.ah' îc me,ù i;shla muK .;jQ miqj jeä me, W≥rd oukak' u,a yg .ekSu j,lajd .ekSui|yd Wvrg m%fo aYj, rdnq j.d l< hq;af;audr®;= - uehs iy wf.daia;= - Tlaf;danr® ld,j,°h'

fmdfydr fh°u

lsh;a mKqjd

l=vd me, lmd ouhs' ksr®foaYs; lDñkdYlhla j.djg fhdokak'j.dfõ mi wjqiaid" ms,d wjia:dj úkdYlr oukak'

frda. md,kh

nrjdmdo frda.h

me,Eáfha jO_kh nd, fõ' uq, b†ó úlD;s fõ' fnda.hisgqùug fmr mig yqKq fh°u" f.dajd" rdnq jeks fnda. tlubvfï ks;r j.d fkdlsrSu yd j,a wn keu;s me,Eá bvfïjeãug bv fkd°u jeks ls%hd u.ska frda.h md,kh lr.;yelsh'

wiajkq fk,Sukshu wjia:dfõ° wiajkq fk,kak' wiajekak m%udo ù fk,Suu.ska w,j, .=Kd;auh wvqfõ'

wiajekak

cmka fnda, - fylaghdrhlg fgdka 40 - 50 îrΩ - fylaghdrhlg fgdka 20 - 30

wiajekak ieliSu

w,j, m%udKh wkqj wiajekak fYa%◊ lrkak' jd;dY%h fyd¢ka,efnk m˙† wiqrd ñá ne| fj<| fmd,g hjkak'

c, iïmdokhuq,a †k 4-5 ° †km;d o bkamiqj iEu †k 3 - 4 jrla ne.ska oc,h imhkak'

j,a me, md,khtla jrla w;ska j,a .e,ùu m%udKj;ah' Wvrg m%foaYj, i;s4 ° o fjk;a m%foaYj, i;s 2 ° muKo j,a .,jd oukak'

lDñ md,khm;% lk o<Uq j._ ksid oreKq ydkshla mj;sk úg ksr®foaYs;lDñ kdYlhla fhdokak'

m;% lkskakd

.S%ia ;ejrE ly meye;s fmd,s;ska W.=,a j.dfõ fh°u" fnda.udrej" ydks jQ Ydl fldgia úkdY lsrSu" weiv/laáka fydaihsfrduhsiska jeks lDñ kdYlhla fh°uo l< yelsh'

fhosh hq;= hq˙hd ;s%;ajiqmr® ñhq˙fhaÜld,h fmdiafmaÜ T*a fmdgEIa


uQ,sl fmdfydr 90 110 65i;s 3 ° 90 - 65

37

lerÜ

vWlia lefrdagd

Daucus carota

l=,h - wïfn,sf*˙

foaY.=◊l wjYH;duqyq≥ uÜgfï isg ógr® 1300 g jvd by, tfiau WIaKFjhfikaáf.a%â' 15-18 mj;sk m%foaYj, lerÜ fnda.h b;d fyd¢kaj.dl, yelsh' tfia jqjo ógr® 1300 jvd my, yd uOHum%foaYj,o idr®:lj j.dl< yels iuyr lerÜ jr®. ;sfí'

milerÜ j.dj i|yd ldnksl øjH nyq,j wvx.= je,s f,daïmila jvd;a fhda.H fõ' ieuúgu .,a fndrΩj,ska f;dr milaùu jvd;a iq≥iqh' ,xldfõ olakg ,efnk r;= lyfmdâfid,sla miaj, lerÜ fyd¢ka j.dl, yelsh'

ìï ieliSulerÜ j.dj i|yd fyd¢ka ìu ilid .; hq;=h'fikaá ógr® 20-30 .eUqrg iS iEfuka fyda flàfuka miq ishqïjmi ilialr .kak' ógr® 1 muK m<, md;a;s ilid .ekSuu.ska j.d kv;a;=j myiqfõ'

ksr®foaYs; m%fNao

fgdma fõÜ ûdi 4&

fldaKdldr yevhla iys; w,h ;eô,s meye;sh'

flama udr®lÜ ûdi 3 - 3 1$2&

is,skavrdldr yevhla .kakd w,h ,d ly meyehla .kS'

ksõ l=frdavd ûdi 3 - 3 1$2&

is,skavrdldr yevhla we;s w," ;o ;eô,s meyehla .kS'

oekg f.dùka w;r jvd;a ckms%h jkafka §ksõ l=frdavd¶jr®.hhs' fuu jr®.h Wvrg fukau my;rg m%foaYj,o j.dlsrSug yelshdj ;sfí'

38

îc wjYH;djhîc lsf,da .%Eï 4 la muK fylaghdr® tlla j.d lsrSugwjYHfõ'

isgqùfï ld,hlerÜ îc tljru md;a;sj, jems˙h hq;=h' fuu j.dj h,iy uy lkak foflysu is≥l, yelsh' tfia jqjo c, iemhquiy wfkl=;a myiqlï wkqj uy lkakfha° jeä jYfhkaj.dfõ'

mr;rhlerÜ îc fCI;%fha jemsrSu l%u 2 lg is≥ fõ'

l md;a;sj, úiqrejd yerSu'

l fma,s l%uhg biSu' ^fikaá ógr® 25 ‹ fikaá ógr® 5&'

îc me,ù i;s 3-4 lska me, ;=kS lsrSu wjYHjk w;r" i;s 8° kshñ; mr;rhg isák fia me, ;=kSl, hq;=h' fma,s l%uhgîc jemsrSu u.ska me, ;=kS lsrSu yd j.dj kv;a;= ls˙umyiqfõ'

fmdfydr fh°ufylaghdrhlg fh†h hq;= ridhksl fmdfydr m%udKh my;olajd ;sfí'

óg wu;rj md;a;s ilid .kakd wjia:dfõ° ldnkslfmdfydr ^f.du fmdfydr fyda fldïfmdaiaÜ& fgdka 5 - 10 lamuK fylaghdrhla i|yd fhdokak'

c, iïmdokhlerÜ me,j, uq,a moaO;sh wjg uekúka f;;ukh mj;ajd.ekSug m%udKj;ajk c, iemhqula l, hq;=h' kshñ;m%udKhg jvd c,h wvq jqjfyd;a wiajekak wvq fõ'

j,a me,eá md,khw;ska j,a fk,Su fyda j,akdYl Ndú;d lsrSfuka fyda j,a me,md,khl, yelsh' u;=msg fmdfydr fh°ug l,ska j,afk,Sul, hq;=h'

j,akdYl f,i fuá%ìhqiska ^fikalr®& fylaghdrhlg lsf,da.%Eï 0'35 îc me,ùug m%:ufhka muKla fh°ul< yelsh'ñY% j.djl° j,akdYl Ndú;d lsrSu fkdl, hq;=h'

frda. yd m<sfndaO md,khlerÜ m;% wx.udrh iy nelaà˙hd uD≥ l=Kqùu idudkHfhkaje<f|k frda. fõ' ;U ñY% †,Sr kdYlhla fh°fuka wx.udrhj,ld.; yelsh' jeämqr c,h iemhSfuka je,lS isàfukanelaà˙hd l=Kqùu j,ld.; yel' fkdfhla o<Uq j._" uhsgdjka"l=ä;a;ka" fõhka jeks lDó ydks ksr®foaYs; lDñkdYl fh°fukamd,kh l, yelsh'

wiajkq fk,SulerÜ w,j, by, fldgi fikaá ógr® 2'5 - 5'3 muK úYd,jQ miq fk,d.; yelsh' lerÜ w,hg ydks fkdjk wdldrfhka.,jd.; hq;=h'

wiajekak

b;d fyd¢ka kv;a;=l, j.djlska fylaghdrhlg fuá%lafgdka 30-35 jvd jeä wiajekakla ,nd.; yelsh'

miq wiajkq lghq;=

lerÜ w, .e,ùfuka miqj fyd¢ka ms˙is≥l, hq;=h' ms˙is≥c,fhka fidaod fj<|m, fj; heúh hq;=h' nelaà˙hd úfYaIw,j, /£ isàfuka l=Kqùu is≥úh yels ksid ie,ls,su;a úhhq;=h'

fhosh hq;= hq˙hd ;s%;aj iqmr® ñhq˙fhaÜld,h fmdiafmaÜ T*a fmdgEIa


uQ,sl fmdfydr - 275i;s 2 ° 110 - 85i;s 5 ° 110 - 85i;s 8 ° 110 - 85

39

îÜ rEÜ

îgd jq,a.d˙ia

Beta vulgaris

l=,h - lSfkdfmdaäfhais

fuh YS; yd WIaK foaY.=◊l ;;aj folgu fyd¢kawkqjr®;kh jQ fnda.hls' tksid YS% ,xldfõ ishΩu lDIsfoaY.=◊l l,dmj,g wh;a m%foaYhkays idr®:lj îÜ j.dl<yelsh'

mifyd¢ka c,h neihk ldnksl øjH wvx.= miaj, îÜidr®:lj j.dl< yelsh' mfiys ;sìh hq;= m S 'tÉ'w.h 6'3 - 7'3 fõ'

ksr®foaYs; m%fNao

ls%s%ïikaa .af,daí

†k 70 - 90 ° wiajkq fk,d.; yelsh' îÜ w,h ndysrj r;=oï meye;sjk w;r" we;=,;ska ;o r;= oï meye;s fõ' w,fhaueo fldgi ,d r;= mdg fõ'

fvÜfrdhsÜ vdla frâ

†k 70 - 90 .;jk fuu m%fNaofha w,fha meyeho ls%ïika.af,díj,g iudkh'

îc wjYH;djhfylaghdrhlg lsf,da .%Eï 5 - 6

;jdka ieliSu yd kv;a;=jfyd¢ka ysret<sh ,efnk c,h rπd fkdmj;sk ia:dkhla fïi|yd f;dard.kak'

ìu fmr<d ógrhla m<, yd fikaá ógr® 20 muK Wi md;a;silid .kak' fuu md;a;sj,g fyd¢ka †rdm;a jQ ldnkslfmdfydr oud mi iuÛ ñY% lrkak'

îc isgqùug fmr ;jdka md;a;s „jdkqyrKhlr .kak'oyhshd yd ms≥re ;Ügq lsysmhla md;a;s u; oud fiñkams<siaiShdug ie,iSu" †,SrkdYl fh°u fyda ;o ysre/ia mj;sk ld,hl úksúo fmfkk fmd,s;skhlska ;jdkwdjrKhlr i;s 2 muK ;eîu u.ska fuh bgqlr .; yelsh'

fikaá ógr® 10 mr;rh iys; fma,s †f.a îc isgqjkak'i;s 4 - 6 muK jhie;s yd w,h ;rula jO_kh ù we;s me,isgqùu i|yd fhdod .efka'

fuhg wu;rj fCIa;%fha ilid.;a md;a;sj, tljru îcisgqùuol< yelsh'

40

ìï ieliSuj.d lsrSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk bvfï fikaá ógr® 20-30.eUqrg mi fmr<d ógrhla muK m<, yd fikaá ógr® 20muK Wi md;a;s ilid .kak' fyd¢ka †rdm;a jQ ldnkslfmdfydr fylaghdrhlg fgdka 10 muK oud mig l<jïlrkak'

me, isgqùume, isgqùug †k 2 muK fmr uQ,sl fmdfydr jYfhka fh†hhq;= ridhksl fmdfydr m%udKh md;a;sj,g fhdod fyd¢kal<jï lrkak'

isgqùug iq≥iq wjia:djg m;ajQ me, m%fõYfuka .,jd tajdfham;%j, fl<jr m%foaYfhka lmd oukak' bkamiq uq≥ka uq,o;rula lmd oud md;a;sj, isgqjd c,h imhkak'

mr;rhúh<s l,dmfha

fma,s w;r - fikaá ógr® 30me, w;r - fikaá ógr® 10

Wvrg m%foaYj,fma,s w;r - fikaá ógr® 30me, w;r - fikaá ógr® 15

fmdfydr fh°uîc me, ù i;s 2 muK .; jQ miqj ;jdfkys j._ ógr® 5muK m%foaYhlg hQ˙hd iy ñhq˙fhaÜ T*a fmdgEIa fmdfydr.%Eï 5 ne.ska fhdokak'

ldnksl fmdfydr fh°ug wu;rj j.djg my; i|ykawkaoug ridhksl fmdfydro fh°ug lghq;= lrkak'

c, iïmdokhmfiys f;;ukh ie,ls,a,g .kssñka †k 3 - 4 jrla ne.skac,h imhkak'

j,a me,Eá md,khj.dfõ me, isgqjd i;s 2 ° m<uqjrg j,a me, .,jd oukak'bkamiq u;=msg fmdfydr fh°ug fmr" tkï i;s 4 ° muKkej; jrla j.dfõ j,a me, bj;a lrkak'

lDñ md,kh

lsh;a mKqjd

me, mduq, m%foaYfhka lmd oud úkdY lrhs' oreKq ydkshlamj;sk úg ldfnd*sh qrdka " tfgdf*kafm%dlai a "laf,dafrdmhs˙fmdia fyda fm%d;sfhdfmdia jeks lDñkdYlhlame,j,g fhdokak'

†hu,kalEu

îc me,j, jhi i;s 2 muK jkf;la je<f|k frda.hls'frda. ldrl †,Srh uq≥kauq,g yd îcdOrhg ydks lsrSu ksidl=vd me, ue,ù uerShhs' fï i|yd ;srdï" lemagdka jeks †,SrkdYlhla ;jdkg fhdokak'

wiajekak fk,Sume, isgqjd †k 75 - 90 ° wiajekak fk,d.; yelsh'

wiajekak

fylaghdrhlg fuá%la fgdka 12 - 15 ls'

wiajekak ieliSu

îÜ w, .e,ùfuka miqj wjYH;djh u; fïrE m;% muKlabj;alr fyda m;% iïmQr®Kfhkau lmd oud fydafj<|fmd,g b†˙m;aflfr®'

fyd¢ka jd;dY%h ,efnk fia ,Kq f.daks jeks weiqreïj,oud fj<|fmd,g b†˙m;al< hq;=h'



uQ,sl fmdfydr 165 275 125isgqjd i;s 4lg miq 165 - 125

41

,Slaia

we,shï weïfmf,dam%iï l,aájdr® fmdarï

Allium ampeloprasum cv porrum

l=,h - we,sfhaiS

,Slaia wh;a jkafka ΩEKq wh;ajk we,sfhaiS l=,hguh' kuq;afuu fnda.fha m%Odk fjki jkafka tys n,an fkdiE°uhs' wmrfÜ úúO wdldrhg ,Slaia wdydrhg .kakd ksid th yeuúgu fj<|fmdf,ys ie,lsh hq;= ñ<lg wf,ú fõ' flfiajqjo ΩEKq j._j, ñ< iEfyk by< uÜgul mj;skwjia:dj,°" ΩEKq i|yd wdfoaYlhla f,io ,Slaia Ndú;d lsrSuY%S ,dxlslhka w;r ckm%sh mqreoaola ù ;sfí'

foaY.=◊l wjYH;d,Slaia j.dj i|yd jvd iq≥iq jkafka wm rfÜ Wvrg m%foaYhhs'Wvrg f;;a l<dmhg yd w;r ueo l<dmhg wh;a kqjrt<shyd n≥,a, †ia;s%slalj, mj;sk isis,a ld,.==◊l ;;aj hgf;afuu fnda.h fyd¢ka jO_kh fõ'

mildnksl øjH nyq,j wvx.=jk idrj;a mia fnda.h i|ydjvd iq≥iqh' mfiys ;sìh hq;= fhda.H;u mS'tÉ' w.h 5'0 - 6'0fõ'

kssr®foaYs; m%fNao

,d– f,dax.a iur®

fuu m%fNaofha m;% mgqh' †.=h' iDcqj msysgd we;' ;o ks,a -fld< meye;sh' l|" ,d fld<-iq≥ meye;sh'

îc wjYH;djhfylaghdrhlg lsf,da .%Eï 3'75 ls'

;jdka md,khìu fmr<d b;d fyd¢ka ish qïj mi ilid .kak'fylaghdrhla i|yd ógr® 3 la †." ógrhla m<, yd fikaáógr® 20 muK Wi md;a;s 200-225 wjYH fõ'

fuu md;a;sj,g" fyd¢ka †rdm;ajQ f.du fmdfydr ie,lshhq;= m%udKhlao ;s%;aj iqmr® fmdiafmaÜ iaj,amhlao ne.skaoud mi iuÛ l<jï lrkak'

mfiys mS'tÉ' w.h 5 g jvd wvq jQ úg° ksr®foaYs; wkaougmig yqKq fhdokak' Wod( mS'tÉ' w.h 4'9 jk úg° wΩ yqKqlsf,da .%Eï 1200 fylaghdrhg fh†h hq;=h' yqKq fh°ul<hq;af;a îc jemsrSug i;s 03 lg muK fmr°h'

;jdka oeñh hq;= ld,hl Wvrg f;;aa l<dmh - jir mqrdu

l Wvrg w;r ueo l<dmh - Tlaf;danr® fkdjeïnr®'

ishqï u;= msgla isákfia ilid.;a ;jdka md;a;sj, tlsfklgfikaá ógr® 15 mr;rhlska jQ fma,s †f.a îc oeóu fydajemsrSul< yelsh' îc oeófuka miq ;=kS mia ;Ügqjlska jikak'

42

;jdkg wjYHjk m˙† f;;ukh ,nd fokak' ;jdkame,j,g Woh mdkao˙ka m;%j, ms◊ fia° hk m˙† c,himhkak' ;jdfka j,a me, yd lDñ frda. wd†h md,khlr.ekSu flfryso ie<ls,su;a jkak' me, l=vd wjêfha° lsh;amKq ydksh j<ld .ekSu i|yd ldfnd*shqrdka iaj,amh ne.skamd;a;sj,g fh†h yelsh' ,Slaia me, l=vd ld,fha° jeäwjOdkhlska hq;=j /l n,d.; hq;=h' isgqqùug iq≥iq ;;ajfhawe;s mekai,la muK l| uy;ajQ me, ;jdfkka ,nd .ekSui|yd udi 2 1$2 - 3 muK ld,hla .; fõ'

fCIa;%h ms<sfh, lsrSufikaá ógr® 30 - 40 .eUqrg mi fmr<d fyd¢ka leg fmdälr.kak' fylaghdrhlg fgdka 10 - 20 muK" †rdm;ajQ ldnksløjH mig fhdokak' mfiys mS'tÉ w.h 5 jvd wvq kïksr®foaYs; m˙† wjYHjk wΩ yqKq m%udKh mig fhdokak'ógr® 1'2 muK m<, ógr® 3 muK †. md;a;s ilid .kak'fujeks md;a;s 2750 muK ixLHdjla fylaghdrhl j.djlai|yd wjYH fõ'

me, isgqùu yd mr;rh;jdfkys kshu m%udKhlg jeã we;s ksfrda.S me,m%fõYfuka .,jkak' tlS me,j, m;% yd uq,a fl<j˙kauola lmd oud isgqjkak

fma,s w;r fikaá ógr® 15 iy fma,shl me, w;r fikaáógr® 10 jkfia tla ia:dkhl tl me,h ne.ska isgqjkak'

fmdfydr fh°u

c, iïmdokhme, isgqjd †k 4 muK .;jk f;la †km;d j.djg c,himhkak' bkamiq wjYH;djh u; †k 3 - 4 jrla ne.sska c,himhkak'

ñY% j.djla f,ikqjrt<sh m%foaYfha fndfyda f.dùka úiska ,Slaia j.d lrkafkatlu md;a;sfhys îÜ" lerÜ" i,do jeks fnda. iuÛ ñY% j.djlaf,ih' ,Slaia j.dfjka wiajekak ,nd .ekSug udi 4 1$2 - 6muK .;jk ksid fuu.ska jeä wdodhula fukau N+ñfhkajeä M,odhS;djhlao ,nd .ekSug Tjqkg yelsù ;sfí'

lDñ md,khuE;l° kqjrt<sh m%foaYhg úYd, ;r®ckhlajQ §,s fhduhsidyQfvdfn%kaisia ¶ keu;s m;% l◊kakdf.a ydksh ksid ,Slaiaj.djkag úYd, ;r®ckhla we;sù ;sfí'

wef,k iqΩ øjhla ;ejrE ly meye;s fmd,s;Ska W.=,a fh°u"frda.S Ydl fldgia úkdY lsrSu yd fnda. udrej u.skaoksr®foaYs; lDñ kdYlhla fh°fukao fuu ydksh md,khlr.; yelsh'

frda. md,kh

oï meye mq,a,s frda.h

fïrE m;%j, oï - ≥Uqre meye;s me,a,ï yg .kS' isgqùugfmr îc m%;sldr lsrSu" fnda. udrej yd ksr®foaYs; †,SrkdYlhla fh°fuka frda.h md,kh lr.; yelsh'

wiajkq fk,Suisgqjd udi 4 1$2 ° muK wiajkq fk,Su wdrïNl< yelsh'.iaj, lf|ys m%udKh wkqj fYa%◊lr fyd¢ka jd;dY%h ,efnkm˙† ,Kq me≥re jeks øjHhlska wdjrKhlr ñá ne|fj<|fmd,g hjkak'

wiajekak

fylaghdrhlg fuá%la fgdka 19 - 24 ls'

j,a me,Eá md,khi;s 2 ° md;a;sj, jeã we;s j,a me, m<uq jrg .,jd oukak'bkamiq iEu fmdfydr fh°ulgu fmr o j,a me, bj;alrkak' fmdfydr fhdok iEu wjia:djlgu miqj .ia wi,gmia tl;= lrkak' fuu.ska ,Slaia Ydlfha oKav iDcqj iy iq≥meye;sj ;nd .ekSugo bv ,efí'



uQ,sl fmdfydr 85 275 50i;s 4 ° 85 - -i;s 8 ° 85 - 50i;s 12 ° 85 - -i;s 16 ° 85 - 50

43

udΩ ñ˙ia

lemaislï wkakqï

Capsicum annuum

l=,h - fid,fkais

foaY.=◊l wjYH;dYS% ,xldfõ ishÆu foaY.=◊l l,dmj,u mdfya j.dl< yelsfnda.hls' uqyq≥ uÜgfï isg ógr® 1500 muK olajdjQ Wiam%foaYhkays jir uqÆ,af,au udΩ ñ˙ia j.dl, yel' h,lkakfha° fnda.h jjk úg w;sfr®l c, iïmdokhl, hq;=h'

miñ˙ia i|yd fyd¢ka c,h nei hk" .eUqre idrj;a f,daï milawjYHfõ' wjYH ;rï ldnksl fmdfydr fh°fuka ieye,aÆjhkhlska hq;a miaj,o fnda.fhka idr®:l wiajekakla,nd.; yelsh' mfiys mS'tÉ' w.h 5'5 - 6'8 w;r úh hq;=h'

ìï ieliSuN+ñh fikaá ógr® 15-20 la olajd iSiEfuka wk;=rej fojrlaleg fmdä lsrSfuka miq md;a;s ilialr .kak' fnda.h i|ydidr®:l c,jykhla mfiys mej;Su w;HdjYH fõ'

44

ksr®foaYs; m%fNao

ykaf.a˙hka fhf,da jelaia (H.Y.W)

ly meye;s lr,aj, †,sfik iqΩ mDIaGhla we;' †. fikaáógr® 15-20 muK fõ' lr,aj, yevh fla;= wdldr fõ'

fuu jr®.h my; rg iy ueo rg f;;a l,dm i|yd kqiq≥iqjkafka nelaà˙hd ysgquerSug olajk wêl ixfõ†;djh ksidh'

iS'ta - 8

,d fld, meye;s lrf,ys /,s iys; †,sfik iqΩ mDIaGhlawe;' lrf,a w." w,s fyd~la fuka we;=,g keó we;' †.fikaá ógr® 15 - 20 la muK fõ' lr, wÛl yevh orhs'

îc wjYH;djhC.A - 8 - fylaghdrhlg .%Eï 100

H.Y.W - fylaghdrhlg .%Eï 1750

me, isgqùfï ld,huy lkakh - fkdjeïnr® iy foieïnr®

h, lkakh - wfma%,a iy uehs

;jdka ms<sfh, lsrSu;jdka i|yd fyd¢ka c,h neihk fijk fkdue;s ia:dkhlaf;dard .kak'

me, fCIa;%fha isgqùug uilg fmr ;jdfkys îc oukak ógr®3 ‹ fikaá ógr® 90 m%udKfha md;a;s ilikak' fuu md;a;sfikaá ógr® 15 muK Wiaúh hq;=h'

;jdka md;a;sfhys j._ ógrhlg fyd¢ka †rdm;ajQ ldnkslfmdfydr lsf,da .%Eï 3-4 ne.ska fhdod mi iuÛ l<jï lrkak'

;jdfka° me,j,g je,¢h yels frda. md,kh lsrSu i|ydîc ;jdka lsrSug fmr ;jdka md;a;s „jdkqyrKh l,hq;=h'fï i|yd md;a;s u; ms≥re iy oyhshd ;Ügq lsysmhla w;=rdfyd¢ka mqΩiaid .kak' fuys° frda.ldrl ‚ùka yd j,a me,îc úkdY ù hhs'

úksúo fmfkk ;rula >klï fmd,s;skhla u.ska ;jdka md;a;sjid i;s folla muK ysre /iaj,g ksrdjrKhlr ;o mi;ïnd .ekSu u.skao" lemagdka fyda ;srdï jeks †,Sr kdYlhlafh°u u.skao frda. md,khlr .; yelsh'

óg wu;rj †hu,ka lEu iy weka;%elafkdaia jeks †,Sr frda.ur®okhlr .ekSu i|yd ;jdka oeóug fmr lemagdka fyda;srdï jeks †,Sr kdYlhla fhdod îc m%;sldrlr .kak'

ilia lr.;a md;a;sj, j,a ur®okh iy fmdfydr fh°u jekslghq;= myiq jkfia fikaá ógr® 10-15 mr;rhls;a fma,sh†f.a fikaá ógr® 01 muK .eUqrg îc oud ishqï mia;Ügqjlska jikak' ms is≥ ms≥re jeks øjHhla Ndú;dlr ;jdkajiqka lrkak'

îc ;jdkalr †k 05-06 lska jiqk bj;a lrkak' îc oud †k08-10 la .;jk úg ishÆu îc me,ù wjika fõ' ,má me,jr®Idfjka iy ;o ysre t<sfhka wdrCIdlr .ekSu i|ydúksúo fkdfmfkk fmd,s;ska fyda fmd,a w;=j,ska wdjrKhlr.kak'

fCIa;%fha isgqùug fmr me, oeä lr.; hq;= fyhska fCIa;%fhaisgqùug †k 10lg muK fmr me,j,g c,h imhkq ,nkld,dka;rh jeälr wdjrKh bj;a lrkak'

mr;rh†k 21 muK jhia jQ me," fCIa;%fha isgqùug iq≥iq fõ'H.Y.W - fikaá ógr® 15 ‹ fikaá ógr® 30C.A 8 - fikaá ógr® 40 ‹ fikaá ógr® 40

fmdfydr fh°u

c, iïmdokh†k 4-5 lg jrla uq,a ld,fha° o" bkamiq i;shlg muKjrlajk m˙†o c, iïmdokhl, hq;=h' flfia jqjojr®Idm;kfha jHdma;sh wkqj c, iïmdok lghq;= fjkiafõ' fmdfydr fh°ug m<uq yd miq c,iïmdokh wksjdr®hfõ'

mqIam msmSfï° yd M, yg .ekSfï° fnda.hg we;sjk c,W!K;djh ksid mqIam iy lr,a jeá hdug fya;=fõ' tu ksidta wjia:dfõ° m%udKj;a mdxY= f;;ukhla mj;ajd .ekSujeo.;ah'



uQ,sl fmdfydr 100 220 65i;s 4 ° 100 - 65

45

j,a me,Eá md,khisgqjd i;s 2 ka miq .ia uq,aj,g mia tl;= lrñka w;ska j,aur®Okh lrkak' fï u.ska Ydlh fyd¢ka mfia ixia:dmkhfõ' i;s 2"4 iy 8 ld,fha° j,a fk,Sul, hq;=h' ridhksløjH Ndú;d lrkafka kï isgqjd †k follg miq we,laaf,dar®45] lsf,da .%Eï 1'4-2'4 fylaghdrhlg fh†h yel'

frda. md,kh

†hu,ka lEu

me,j, mdoia:h fyda uq,a lΩmeyeù l=Kqù me, uefr®'

md,kh

†,Sr kdYl fh°u" fyd¢ka ;jdka md,kh yd c,jykhfyd¢ka is≥lsrSu '


lr,aj,g je,f|a' lrf,a ≥Uqre mq,a,s we;s fõ' mqIamjDka;"mqIam wxl=r yd ˙ls,s ≥r®jr®K fõ' frda.h Ydlh mqrd me;srSmiqj ue¯ hhs'

md,kh

frda.S Ydl fldgia fCIa;%fhka bj;alr †,Sr kdYlhlafhdokak'

ysgquerSu

CI◊lj .ia ue,fõ' uq,a yd mdoia: fldgia l=kqfõ'fnda. udrej yd c,jykh †hqKq lsrSu u.ska fuh j,ld.;yelsh'

fld, fldvùu

iq≥ueiaid" l=ä;a;ka" uhsgdjka" u.ska fuu frda.h fndajk ksidTjqka md,kh iq≥iq lDñkdYlhla u.ska is≥l, hq;=h'

m;% ,m

weka;%elafkdaia wdldrhgu md,kh l, yel'

msá mqia frda.h

†k 7 lg fyda 14 lg jrla †,Sr kdYlhla fhdokak'

wiajekakisgqjd †k 75 l° muK m<uq wiajekak fk,d .; yelsh'

H.Y.W ^wiajkq jdr 3-4& fylaghdrhlg fuá%la fgdka 10-15

C.A - 8 f;;a l,dmfha° ^wiajkq jdr 8-10& fylaghdrhlg fuá%la fgdka 6-8

úh<s l,dmfha° ^wiajkq jdr 8-12& fylaghdrhlg fuá%la fgdka 10-15

wiajkq fk,Su

lr,a u; ms◊ fkdue;s" úh,s †khla wiajkq fk,Su i|ydfhda.H fõ' jr®Idj iys; †khkays° wiajkq fk,Sfuka yelsmuK j,lskak'

miq wiajkq lghq;=

wiajekak fk,d .;a miq yels blaukska m%jdykh iywf,úhl, hq;=hs' fuys° fyd¢ka jd;dY%h ,efnk is≥re iys;Wr fyda ma,diaála fmÜá Ndú;dl, yelsfõ'

m%jdykhg fmr b°ug wdikak lr,a fjka lsrSfuka fïrElr,aj, b°u m%udol, yels fõ' YS; .nvd ;=, ;ekam;a lsrSuidr®:lj l,a ;nd .ekSfï l%uhls'

46

f.dajd

n%isld Tf,rdishd

Brassica oleracea

l=,h - n%isflaiS

foaY.=◊l wjYH;dYS; foaY.=Khg f.dajd fnda.h jvd;a fyd¢ka Tfrd;a;= fokw;r" úh<s l,dmfhao j.dl, yelsh' kuq;a úúO lDIsmd˙i˙l l,dmj,g ksr®foaYs; m%fNao j.dl< hq;= fõ'

mimS'tÉ' w.h 6 - 6'5 jk mi j.dj i|yd b;du;a iq≥iqh' wdï,slnj jeä jQ úg f.dajd nrjd frda.hg md;%ùfï bvlv jeäfõ' ldnksl øjH wvx.= idrj;a mila j.dj i|ydf;dard.kak'

ìï ieliSufikaá ñgr® 30 - 40 .eUqrg mi fmr,d fyd¢ka ìï ilialrkak' wdï,sl mila kï fylaghdrhlg fgdka 2 la muKwΩyqKq fh†h hq;=h'

47

ksr®foaYs; m%fNao

Wvrg f;;a l,dmh

tlafidaála

fld, meye;s f.äh idudkH ;o .;sfhka hq;a me;,s rjqïyevfhka hqla; fõ' †k 80 - 85 ° wiajekak fk,d.; yel'

yr®lshq,ia

fld,mdg f.dfrdaiq m;%j,ska hq;a b;du;a ;o iajNdjhla iys;rjqï f.ä fõ' †k 100 - 105 ° wiajekak fk,d.; yelsh'

ueorg

tlafidaála

f.äh fld, meye idudkH ;o .;sfhka hq;a me;,s isg rjqïyevfhka hqla; fõ'

ta'tia'fl%dia

†k 85 - 90 wiajekak fk,d.; yels uOHia: ;o .;sfhkahqla; me;,s f.ä fõ'

fla'jhs' fl%dia

†k 85 - 90 wiajekak fk,d.; yels uOHia: ;o .;sfhkahqla; rjqï f.ä fõ'

îc wjYH;djhfylaghdrhlg .%Eï 200 - 250 ls'

;jdka ms<sfh, ls¯uksfrda.S †˙u;a me, ,nd .ekSu i|yd ;jdka ms<sfh, lsrSujeo.;a fõ' fï i|yd iq≥iq ia:dkhla c, myiqj ;sfnk" ks;rmrSCIdldrS úh yels" ysret<sh jefgk" fmr° f.dajd l=,fhafnda.hla j.d fkdl, bvula ùu& f;dard.; hq;=fõ' wdï,slmila fkdjk ìula ùuo b;du;a jeo.;ah'

ógr® 1‹3 m%udKfha md;a;shl Wi fikaá ñgr® 12 - 15 úhhq;=h'

fldïfmdaiaÜ yd u;=msg mia 1 ( 1 jkfia ms<sfh,l, miañY%Khla" ;jdk u;=msgg fikaá ñgr® 6 - 8 muK oukak'†hu,kalEu yd ydkslr frda.ldrl „úka úkdY lsrSu i|ydfmdafudfid,af*dfÜ ^;srdï& ;jdka md;a;sj,g fhdokak'fylaghdrhlg lsf,da .%Eï 2 ls'

fma,s w;r mr;rh fi'ó' 10 jkfiao .eUqr fikaá ñgr® 1 gfkdjeä jkfiao fma,sj,g îc oukak' „jdkqyrKh lrk,o miaj,ska îc jid jiqkla fhdokak'

†k 4-5 ° îc me,jQ ú.i jiqk bj;alr †km;d fojrlane.ska c,h fhdokak'

wdjrKhla fhdod ;o jeiafika iy i;=kaf.ka ,má me,wdrCIdlr .kak' me, isgqùug †k 10 lg muK fmr isgme, oeä lr.kak' fï i|yd iQr®hdf,dalhg me, ksrdjrKhlrkq ,nk ld,h l%ufhka jeä lrkak' îc .%Eï 1 lska me,250 muK ,nd .; yelsh'

me, isgqùui;s 3-4 muK jhie;s ksfrda.s †˙u;a me, .,jd ijiald,fha° isgqùu b;du;a jeo.;ah' me, isgqjd †klg fojrlac,h fhdokak'

mr;rhfma,s w;r fikaá ógr® 50 iy fma,sh ;=, fikaá ógr® 40 lmr;rhlska me, isgqjkak'

fmdfydr fh°ul wdï,sl mila kï me, isgqùug †k 14 lg fmr wΩyqkq fhdokak'

l me, isgqùulg i;shlg muK fmr l=l=,a fmdfydr fylaghdrhlg fgdka 10 jkfia j,j,aj,g oud" mia iu. fyd¢ka ñY% lrkak'

l me, isgqùug †k 2 muK fmr uQ,sl fmdfydr jYfhka ksr®foaYs; ridhksl fmdfydr ñY%Kh fhdokak'

u;=msg mia

fi'ñ' 6-8

48

kqjrt<sh †ia;s%lalh i|yd

n≥,a, yd fiiq m%foaY i|yd

nrjd frda.h

mfiys wdï,slnj jeä ia:dkj, fuu frda.h ksid j.djgoreKq ydks we;súh yelsh' ma,eiafudäf*rd n%eisfla kï†,Srfhka iEfok fuu frda.h j,lajd .ekSu i|yd kshñ;j.d l%u wkq.ukh lsrSu" YIH udre l%u wkq.ukh lsrSujeo.;ah'

m;% mq,a,s frda.h

uhsfldiamfr,a,d n%eisfldaa,d kï †,Srfhka je,f|k fuufrda.h ur®okhg fgnqfldkfida,a ^fmd,slr®& ñ,s ,Sgr® 0'35c,h ,Sgr® 1 l †hlr fh†h hq;=fõ'

lDñ md,kh

lsh;a mKqjd

me, l=vd ld,fha° fuu ydksh we;sjk neúka me, isgjQú.iska fm%df*fkdfmdia 50] fi,sfl%dka& ñ,s ,Sgr® 25-28 c,h,Sgr® 10 l ñY%lr fh°u iq≥iq fõ'

Æmr® o,Uqjd" †huka;s i,nhd" fld, lko,Uqjd iy f.ä ú†k o,Uqjd

ur®okh i|yd tf;df*kafm%dlai a 10] ^g%fnd ak a & "laf,dar®*aÆjiqfrdaka ^wegfn%daka& ksr®foaYs; m%udKh fh†hhq;=fõ'

wiajkq fk,Sum%fNAoh wkqj wiajkq fk,Sfï ld,h fjkia fõ'^†k 90 - 110 w;r& m%udKhg jvd fïrSu ksid f.ä mqmqrkneúka wiajkq fk,Sug iq≥iq ;;a;ajhg m;a jQ úg fk,d.;hq;=fõ'

Wfoa jrefõ wiajkq fk,sh hq;= w;r" ;o ysre t<sh we;súgwiajkq fk,su kqiq≥iqh' f.ähg ydks fkdjk fia msg;skawdjrK m;% 2-3 iu. m%fõYfuka fk,d .kak'

wiajekak

idudkH wiajekak fylaghdrhlg fuá%la fgdka 40 muK fõ'

wiajekak ieliSu

wiajekak fkÆ miq mÆ≥ jQ f.ä bj;a lrkak' ukd jd;dY%hla,efnk f.daks j, f.dajd weisrSul< hq;=fõ' fuh b;djeo.;ah' yels blaukska fj<|m, fj;g wiajekak hjkak'fuu.ska miqjg is≥jk wiajkq ydksh j,lajd.; yelsh'


ls'.%E'$fyla' ls'.%E'$fyla' ls'.%E$fyla'

uQ,sl fmdfydr 110 275 75i;s 3 ° 110 - -i;s 6 ° 110 - 75

c, iïmdokhme, isgjQ uq,a †kj," †klg fojrla ne.ska c,h fhdokak'

bkamiq †klg tla jrla c,h iemhSu iEfya' tfy;a j.djgudi 1 1$2 muK jQ wjia:dfõ isg f.ä yg.ekSu iy úYd,jkwjia:dfõ° & m%udKj;a c, iemhqula ,nd°ug j.n,d .kak'

j,a me,Eá md,khj,a ur®okh ms<sn|j úfYaIfhka ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=h' u;=msgfmdfydr fh°ug fmr j,ame, bj;a lrkak'

frda. md,kh

†hu,kalEu

;jdka oeóug fmr †,Sr kdYlhla fh°u' l%udkql+, wkaougj.d l%u wkq.ukh lsrSu'

hámqia frda.h

fífldar® keu;s †,Sr kdYlh ksr®foaYs; m%udKhg fhdokak'

lΩ l=kqùu

iekaf;dfudkdia lïfmiaá%ia kï nelaà˙hdj u.ska je,f|kfuu frda.h j,lajd .ekSu i|yd kshñ; j.dl%u yd YIHudre l%u wkq.ukh lsrSu iq≥iqh'



uQ,sl fmdfydr - 275 75i;s 2 ° 110 - -i;s 5 ° 110 - 75i;s 8 ° 110 - -

49

t<jΩ ;jdka md,kh

b;d l=vd îc iys; fndfyda t<jΩ fnda. j.d ls fï°" m<uqj;jdkl tu îc j.dlr miqj fCIa;%fha isgqùu i|yd fhda.Hwkaofï me, ksmojd .kq ,efí' fï wkaoug ;jdka ilidj.d ìfuys isgqùug iq≥iq wdldrfha me, ksmojd .kq ,nkfnda. jkafka ngq" ñ˙ia" udΩ ñ˙ia" ;lald,s" f.dajd" u,a f.dajd",Slaia" îÜ" fkdaflda,a" i,do wd†hhs' lerÜ îc o b;d l=vdjQj;a" fï wkaoug ;jdka ilialr me, ksmojd .ekSula is≥fkdfõ' lerÜ îc ;jdkalr me, .,jd fCIa;%fha isgqùul,fyd;a uq≥ka uq,g ydks we;sù lerÜ w, úlD;s ù fj<|w.h wvqùu fuhg fya;=jhs' fuhg wu;rj" úfYaI fya;+kau; úYd, îc iys; t<jΩ fnda. i|yd o úfYaI ;jdka l%uWmfhda.Slr me, ksmojd.; yelsh'

l=vd ld,fha° myiqfjka me, /ln,d .; yelsùu" Yla;su;ayd ksfrda.S me, jeä ixLHdjla ksmojd .; yelsùu iy" bvfïtljr îc isgqùu i|yd wjYHjk îc m%udKhg jvd wvqîc m%udKhlska wjYH me, ixLHdj ksmojd .; yelsùu wd°lreKq" îc ;jdkalr me, ksmojd .ekSfï m%Odk jdis jYfhkaie,lsh yelsh'

m%Odk t<jΩ ;jdka jr®.t,jΩ me, ksmoùug fhdod .; yels ;jdka jr®. lsysmhlawe;' tfy;a tajd ilia lrk wdldrh mokï lrf.k m%OdkldKav 2 lg fnod j._l, yel'

^w& msysá ìfuysu ilia lrkq ,nk ;jdkaWod( Wia ;jdka" .s,ajQ ;jdka

^wd& ;jdka ñY%Khla fhdod .ksñka ilialrkq ,nk ;jdkaWod( fkd˙fodaflda ^l=Üá& ;jdk" n∫ka ;jdk" fmÜá

;jdk" ;jdka ;eá iy wmf;a hk øjH ^fhda.Ü fldamam"fmd,algq" áka jeks& j,ska ilia lrk ;jdka'

oekg t,jΩ j.dlrejka nyq, f,iu fhdod.kq ,nkafka Wia;jdkajk w;r n∫ka ;jdka" fkd˙fodflda ;jdka jeks ;jdkal%u Wvrg m%foaYfha iuyrla j.d lrejka w;r ckms%hfjñka mj;S' y˙;d.dr ;dCIKh;a iuÛu y∫kajd fokq ,enQ;jdka l%uhla f,iska ;jdka ;eá y∫kajd †h yel'

iq≥iq ìula f;dard .ekSu

isgqùu i|yd iq≥iq ksfrda.S yd †˙u;a me, jeä ixLHdjlaksmojd .ekSu flfrys n,mdk idOl w;=˙ka m<uqjekakjYfhka ;jdka oeóu i|yd iq≥iq ia:dkhla f;dard.ekSuie,lsh yelsh'

fkdlvjd t<jΩ j._ j.dlrk ,o ìula ;jdk i|ydlsisúfgl;a f;dard fkd.; hq;=h' tfiau" tu ia:dkhg ojfiajeä ld,hla fkdlvjd ysret<sh ,eîu;a" tys wkjYH wkaougc,h r|d fkdmej;Su;a fnfyúka jeo.;ah' fuhg wu;rjmfiys .,a" fndrΩ wd†h wvqfjka mej;Suo jeo.;a fõ'wmyiqjlska f;drj c,h ,nd .ekSug yels ia:dkhl ;jdkieliSuo l< hq;=h' md,kh ls¯ug wmyiq bΩla" wegjrd"l,d∫re jeks lrorld¯ j,a me,Eá tu ia:dkfhys fkdmej;Suo jeo.;ah'

;jdka ìu ieliSu

îc ;jdka ls¯ug i;s 3-4 lg muK fmr isg ;jdk ilials¯ug n,dfmdfrd;a;=jk ia:dkfhys j,a me,Eá wd†hbj;alr fikaá ógr® 20 muKj;a .eUqrlg mi fmr<shhq;=h' fï wkaoug mi fmr<Sfï° u;=jk .,a" fndrΩ wd†hbj;a lrkak' thg wu;rj mia fmr,Sfï† yuqjk fkd†rEYdl fldgia" fmd,s;Ska jeks foa bj;a ls ug Wkka≥jkak' ;jo"mia fmr,Su;a iuÛ mfika u;=jk lsh;a mKqjka yd iq≥mKqjka jeks wys;lr mdxY= lDóka o f;dard bj;a lrkak'

m<uq mia fmr<Sug i;shlg muK miq fojk jrgo tuia:dkfhys mi fmr<d mi f;;al< hq;=h' fï wkaoug lsysmjrla mi fmr<Sfuka tu ia:dkfhys u;=jk j,a me,Eá úkdYfõ' fuhg wu;rj há mi ysret<shg ksrdjrkh ùfukamfiys isáh yels frda.ldrl „ùka o md,kh fõ'

msysá ìfuys ilikq ,nk ;jdka

50

Wia ;jdka u.ska t,jΩ me,ksmoùu

Wia ;jdfka m˙ñ;shka

jeis jeä ld,j,° yd ueá jeä mia iys; m%foaYj,° fhdod.ekSug iq≥iq ;jdka l%uhls' tfia jQj;a jeis wvq ld,j,° ydfjk;a mdxY= ,CIK iys; m%foaYj,° mjd fuh fhdod .ekSugyelsùu u; fuu ;jdka l%uh †jhsk mqrd isák t,jΩj.dlrejka w;r ckms%h ù we;'

md,k lghq;=j, myiqj Wfoid Wia ;jdfka m<, fikaá ógr®90 fkdblaujk f,i ilial, hq;= fõ' wjYHjk m%udKhg†. fjkialr ;jdk ilialr .; yel'

;jdfka iïmQr®K Wi fikaá ógr® 15 la muKjk w;r" thskam<uq fikaá ógr® 10 ;jdfka msysá miaj,ska ilialr .;hq;= fõ' tu mia ;Ügqj u;=msáka fikaá ógr® 5 l muK>klug mia ñY%Khla fh†h hq;=fõ' fuh y,k ,o f.du ydy,k ,o u;=msg mia 1(1 wkqmd;hg ñY%lr .ekSfuka ilialr.; yel' Wia ;jdka md;a;s tllg jeä .Kkla ilia lrkafkakï md;a;s folla w;r wju jYfhka fikaá ógr® 30 lmr;rhla j;a ;eìh hq;= fõ'

;jdka md;a;s „jdkqyrKhilialr .;a Wia ;jdkg îc fh°ug fmr tys we;s mdxY=frda.ldrlhska wjulr .ekSu i|yd ;jdk „jdkqyrKhl<hq;= fõ' fï i|yd fhdod .; yels l%u lsysmhla we;'

^w& ms<siaiSu

^wd& iQr®hdf,dalh wdOdrfhka „jdkqyrKh

^we& ridhksl „jdkqyrKh

^wE& OQudlrKh

^w& ms<siaiSu

ilialr .;a ;jdkg c,h tl;=lr f;;a lr.kak' jeämqrwe;s c,h neihdug mehl muK fõ,djla ;eîfuka miq thms,siaiSug fhdod.; yel'

ms≥re yd oyhshd ;Ügq f,i w;=rd ;jdk ilialr .kak'bkamiq iq<x yuk †idjg úreoaO †idfjka háka we;s ms≥re;Ügqjg .sks weú,Sul< hq;=h'

fuu l%uh u.ska †.= fõ,djla ;jdk ;eïîu is≥jk w;r"tu.ska †hu,ka lEug fya;=jk frda.ldrlhska yd fjk;afrda.ldrlhska o j,a me,Eá îco úkdY fõ'

^wd& ysret<sh wdOdrfhka „jdkqyrKh

ilialr .;a ;jdk c,fhka f;;alr .ekSu m<uqj l< hq;=h'bkamiq úksúo fmfkk fmd,s;Ska ia:rhlska ;jdkiïmQr®Kju wdjrKh lr.kak' ;jdk jgd we;s fmd,s;skafldgi f;;a mia oud iS,alr .kak' fuf,i ilialr .;a;jdk i;s 2 l muK ld,hla fkdlvjd iQr®hdf,dalhgksrdjrKhlr ;eîu u.ska ;jdk „jdkqyrKh fõ'

300 fi'ñ'

90 fi'ñ'

5 fi'ñ'10 fi'ñ'

;jdka ìfïmia

mia ñY%Kh

;jdka ìfï mia

^90 fi'ñ'&

(10 fi'ñ') (30 fi'ñ')

^5 fi'ñ'&

oyhshd

ms≥re

51

^we& ridhksl „jdkqyrKh

óg by; ° úia;rl< „jdkqyrK l%u folu Ndú;dls¯ug wmyiqjk wjia:djkays ° †,Sr kdYl Ndú;dlrñka ;jdk „jdkqyrKhlr .ekSug o mqΩjk'Wod( lemagdka fyda ;srdï jeks °,Sr kdYlj,ska tla jr®.hla^j.= wxl 1 ys& i|yka lrk wdldrhg c,fha †hlridod.;a ødjKh u,a nd,a†hla Ndú;d lrñka ;jdka mifyd¢ka f;;ajk f,ig fhdokak' fuu ridhksl øjHNdú;dlr †k 1-2 la .;jQ miq îc fh°u jvd;a iq≥iqh'

^wE& OQudlrKh

≥ïfld< ;jdkalrejka úiska fhdod.kq ,nk ckm% sh„jdkqyrK l%uhla jk fuh u.ska mdxY= frda.ldrlhskagwu;rj j,a me,Eá îc o jgmkqjkao md,kh fõ'

fï i|yd vefidfïÜ 98% GR .%Eï 20-30 la ;jdfka j._ ógr®1 lg fh†h yel' ;jdkg vefidfïÜ fh†h hq;af;a îcisgqùug wvq jYfhka †k 14 lg j;a l,sks' m%;sldrh fhd∞†k 4-8 lg miq mia ,sys,alr jeäfhka we;s OQuldrlh bj;aùug bv y, hq;=fõ'

îc m%;sldr lsrSuwdkhkh lrkq ,nk t,jΩ îc j._ fndfyda úg ridhkslfyda fjk;a Wml%u fhdod m%;sldr ls¯fuka miq fj<| fmd<gksl=;alr we;' foaYshj ksmojk îc i|yd îc m%;sldrlrwf,ú ls¯u fndfydaúg is≥ fkdfõ' foaYShj ksmojd .kakdîc ;jdka ls ug m%:u †,Sr kdYlh iuÛ fyd¢ka l,jïlrisgqùu l<hq;= fõ'

îc u.ska me;sfrk frda. ldrlhska fya;=lr f.k ;jdfka°uîc me,j,g frda. we;s ls¯ug we;s wj∞ku wvq ls¯ug îcm%;sldr ls¯u bjy,a fõ'

îc fh°um,uqj ;jdk u;=msg we;s mia ñY%Kh ,E,s máhla wdOdrfhkafyd¢ka ;olr uÜgïlr .ekSu wjYH fõ' fuu ls%hdj jvd;aidr®:l jkafka ;jdfka m%Yia: f;;uk ;;a;ajhkamej;=kfyd;a mu◊' bkamiq l=vd ¯mam máhla wdOdrfhkafnda.hg .e,fmk mr;rhka we;sjk f,i yd fkd.eUq˙kal=vd we,s ilid .kak'

j.=j 1( ;jdkg †,Sr kdYl fh°u

†,Sr kdYl ;jdfka j._ ógr 1lg

lemagdka 50] W.P. .%Eñ 06la c,h ,Sgr® 05l †hlrfyda

lemagdka 80] W.P. .%Eñ 04la c,h ,Sgr® 05l †hlrfyda

;srdï 80] W.P. .%Eñ 07la c,h ,Sgr® 05l †hlr

laf,dfrd;ef,dks,a 500 .%Eï$,Sgr® SCñ,s ,s' 15 la c,h ,SgrS' 05 l †hlr

;fhda*fkaÜ ó;hs,a 75%WP.%Eï 03 la c,h ,Sgr® 05 l †hlr

;fhda*fkaÜ ó;hs,a 50% + ;srdï 30% WP.%Eï 05 la c,h ,Sgr® 05 l †hlr

;hdfnkavfida,a 45% DF.%Eï 01 la c,h ,Sgr® 05 l †hlr

*a¨gef,dks,a 50% WP.%Eï 03 la c,h ,Sgr® 05 l †hlr

j.=j 2( îc m%;sldr i|yd †,Sr kdYl Ndú;h

†,Sr kdYlh îc úYd,;ajh ksr®foaYs;m%udKhîc ls'.%eï 1lg

lemagdka 50] W.P. l=vd îc .%Eï 06úYd, îc .%Eï 03

lemagdka 80] W.P. l=vd îc .%Eï 3'75úYd, îc .%Eï 02

;srdï 80] W.P. l=vd îc .%Eï 4'5úYd, îc .%Eï 02

;fhda*fkaÜ ó;hs,a50] + ;srdï 30] W.P. l=vd îc .%Eï 04

úYd, îc .%Eï 02

fmd,s;skaia:rh

f;;amiaj,skaiS,alr.;a∞rh

52

fuu we,s †f.a fma,shg taldld¯j yd ;=kSj jefgk f,igîc fh°u l,hq;= fõ' fma,sj,g fh¥ îc jid oeóug jvd;afhda.H jkafka „jdkqyrKh lr.;a ;jdka md;a;shlska ,nd.;amia fõ' fï ksid ;jdk „jdkqyrKh lr.;a miq ;jdfkau;=msáka mia álla fï i|yd fjkalr ;nd .ekSu jvd;a fhda.HWml%uh fõ' îc fh¥ miq th jefik f,i fma,sj,g fuumia ñY%Kh fhdod kej; ,E,a,lska ;olr .ekSu l,hq;= fõ'

jiqka fh°u;jdkg îc oeuQ miq th fyd¢ka me,ùug;a" îcj, wdrCIdji|yd;a" ;jdk u;=msg wdjrKhla fh°u wjYH fõ'

fuu wdjrKh jiqk f,iska ye¢kafjk w;r" ta i|yd f.daksfyda †rdm;a fkdjQ ms≥re fyda fhdod.; yelsh' ms≥refhdod.kafka kï ta i|yd wΩ;a ms≥re fhdod.ekSu jvd;a WÑ;fõ' jrla Ndú;dl, f.daks fhdod .kafka kï tajd fyd¢ka fida∞ms˙is≥lr ;o wõfõ úh,d .ekSu jvd;a iq≥iqh'

wdjrK iemhSujiqk bj;al, miqj ;o jr®Idj u.ska ,má îc me,j,gydks we;súh yel' th j,ld .ekSug kefuk iqΩ fldagqj,skafyda WK .iaj,ska m,d.;a WK máj,ska fyda ilid .;awdrelal=jl wdOdrfhka úksúo fmfkk fmd,s;Ska wdjrKhlailialr .; hq;=h'

jr®Idj yd mskak mj;sk wjia:dj,° fmd,s;Ska wdjrKfhka;jdk jid ;sìh hq;=fõ' jr®Idj fkdue;súg wdjrKh bj;alrkak'

c,h iemhSu;jdfka uq,a wjia:dfõ ° u,a nd,a† u.ska c,h iemhSu jvd;auWÑ; l%uh fõ' jd˙ c,fhka ;jdk .s,ajd c,h iemhSulsis≥úgl fkdl, hq;=h'

mj;sk ld,.=K ;;aj u; †klg jdr 1-2 muK c,hiemhSul< hq;=h' tfy;a c,h jeämqr fh°fuka frda. ydksjeäjk fyhska ta ms<sn|j ie,ls,su;a jkak'

m,sfndaO kdYl Ndú;hfrda.j,ska ;jdk wdrCIdlr .ekSug ksr®foaYs; †,Sr kdYlNdú;d l,hq;= fõ' óg wu;rj ;jdka mfia isák lsh;amKqjka" iq≥ mkqjka" fõhka yd l=yqUqjka jeks i;=kaf.ka îcyd me,j,g ydks we;súh yel' th j,ld,Sug jiqk fh¥wjia:dfõ ° lDñkdYl mig fh°u wjYH úh yel'

me, oeä ls˙ume, .e,ùug †k lsysmhlg fmr isg ;jdkg c,h fhdokjdr .Kk wvq ls¯u ^c,h fhdok ld, wka;rh jeä ls¯u&u.ska fCIa;% ;;a;aj j,g Tfrd;a;= fok ;;a;ajhg ;jdkame, ilid .; yelsh' fuu.ska me, isgjQ miqj mdÆ we;sùuwju fõ'

me, .e,ùu;jdfka we;s me, isgqúug jvd iq≥iqu wjia:dj fnda. j._wkqj fjkia fõ' tu wjia:djg m;ajQ Yla;su;a yd ksfrda.Sme, ilid.;a ìfuys isgqùu m%udohlska f;drj is≥l< hq;=h'jeä wiajekakla ,nd .ekSu i|yd fuh fnfyúka jeo.;a fõ'

me, .e,ùug fmr ;jdka mi fyd¢ka f;;a ls¯u jeo.;ah'me, .e,ùug Ndú;d lrk w;a uq,a¨j u.ska fma,s w;r" mianqre,a lrñka mia iuÛ uq,a fkdlefvk f,i me, .,jd .kak'

.,jk ,o me,j, uq,a fkdlefvk f,i mia iuÛ isgqùugn,dfmdfrd;a;=jk ia:dkh fj; f.khd hq;=h'

îcj, fma,s w;r fma,shlúYd,;ajh mr;rh .eUqr

l=vd îc fi'ñ' 10 ñ'ñ' 6^wÛ,a 4& ^wÛ,a 1$4&

úYd, îc fi'ñ' 12 ñ'ñ' 12^wÛ,a 6& ^wÛ,a 1$2&

ms≥re jiqk

53

ksire mia fyda ueá iajNdjfhka jeä fyda mia fhdod .;fyd;a;jdk widr®:l úh yelsh' ,S rduqjla ilid .kafkakï" tai|yd fikaá ógr® 06l má fhdod.kak' rduqfõ m<, fikaáógr® 90 fkdblauúh hq;=h' bvlv we;s m%udKh wkqj tys†. fjkia lr.; yelsh'

j.dlrejka w;r fnfyúka ckms%h ù we;s iïm%odhsl t<jΩ;jdkaj,ska fuu ;jdka j._ fjkia jkafka t<jΩ îc me,lr.kafka úfYaIfhka ilialr .;a ;jdka udOHhl ksid;a" msysáfmd<j iy ;jdka me, w;r iDcq iïnkaOhla ke;s ksid;afõ' fuhg wu;rj fuu ;jdkaj, ° me,j, jr®Okh idr®:llr.ekSu i|yd wjYHjk ;;a;ajhka fndfyduhla j.dlrejdyg t;rï wmyiqjlska f;drj md,kh lr.; yels ùuojdishls' fujeks ;jdkaj, ksmojkq ,nk me, kej; j.dìfuys isgqùfï° tajdfha uq,aj,g is≥jk ydksh b;d wjufõ' tksid me,j, jeãu nd, fkdfõ' isgqùfuka miqj ñhhk me, ixLHdjo fnfyúka wvqh' tfiau fCIa;%fha isgqùul,miq j.dfõ taldldrS jr®Okhla o oel.; yelsh'

fuhg wu;rj fujeks me, isgqjk ,o j.djl wiajekakfk,Su" idudkH ;jdklska ,nd.;a me, isgqjk ,o j.djlgjvd i;s 1-2 muK ld,hlg fmr isg wdrïN l< yelsùu;j;a jdishls'

l=Üá ;jdka ^fkd˙fodaflda ;jdka&fuh" cmdkfha f.dùka úiska t<jΩ me, ksmoùu i|ydfhdod.kakd ,o tla ;jdka l%uhls' fuys° y,k ,o f.du iyire u;=msg mia 1 ( 1 wkqmd;hg ñY%lr" c,h wjYH muKgfhd∞ l=Üáj,g lmd .; hq;=h' tu l=Üá u; îc fyda me,isgqùu fuys° is≥lrkq ,efí' ;lald,s" ngq" f.dajd" ñ˙ia jeksl=vd îc iys; t<jΩ j._ muKla fkdj wjYH wjia:dj,°;rula úYd, îc iys; jÜglald" lrú, jeks fnda.hkaysme, ksmoùug o fuu ;jdka l%uh Wmfhda.S lr.; yelsh'

wjYH øjHl ie,lsh hq;= ld,hla j.d fkdlrk ,o bvulska ,nd.;a irenúka hq;a u;=msg mia

l fyd¢ka y,d.;a †rdm;a jQ f.du

l lr lr.;a oyhshd iaj,amhla

l ;jdfka msg; odrhg fh°u i|yd ,S rduqjla fyda ta i|yd fhdod.; yels ,S má fyda .fvd,a'

;jdka ñY%Khla ^udOHhla& fhdod.ksñka ilikq ,nk ;jdka

;jdk ieliSul fyd¢ka ysre t<sh jefgk iu;,d ia:dkhla ;jdki|yd f;dard.kak' bkamiq tu ia:dkfhys j,ame,Eá WoΩ .dbj;a lrkak'

l wjYH l=Üá m%udKh wkqj fikaá ógr® 90la m<,g iymyiq †.la iys; rduq l+x[ u.ska fmd<jg iú lrkak' ,Srduq fjkqjg fikaá ógr® 06la Wi ,S má fyda .fvd,awdOdrfhka o jfÜ odrh ilialr .; yelsh' ;jdfkys m,,fikaá ógr® 90g jvd jeä jQ úg fmd,s;skaj,ska ;jdk ksisf,i wdjrKh ls¯u iy wfkl=;a md,k l%shdjkao wmyiqfõ'

l fuhg miqj rduqj we;=,; ìu u;" lr lr.kakd ,ooyhshd fyda isyska je,s ;Ügqjla fyda w;=rkak' miq wjia:djl°;jdka l=Üá fmd<fjka bj;alr .ekSug fuh Wmldr fõ'

l ire mia yd †rdm;a jQ f.du" i,a,vhla wdOdrfhka fjkfjku y,d .kak' fï wkaoug y,d.;a f.du yd mia iuwkqmd;hlska ^1 ( 1& tlsfkl iuÛ fyd¢ka ñY%lr .kak' miqjc,h fhdoñka ueá noduhla f,i wkd.kak' fï wkaoug ilialr.;a ñY%Kh rduqj ;=, w;=rd w;ska ;olr uÜgï lr.kak'

l fï wdldrhg w;=rd ilid.;a ñY%Kh f;;a f.daks fydams∫rej,ska jid meh 3-4 muK ld,hla moïùug bv y˙kak'fï wkaoug moïlr fkd.;fyd;a l=Üá lemSu wmyiq fõ'tfiau ysre t<shg ksrdjrkh l<úg l=Üá b˙ ;e,S leãhhs'

fi'ó' 6fi'ó' 90

54

l ;jdka ñY%Kh fyd¢ka moï lr.;a miqj" wjYHm%udKhg l=Üá lmd.; yelsh' l=Üáj, úYd,;ajh ;jdkals¯ug n,dfmdfrd;a;=jk fnda. j._h wkqj ;SrKh lrkak'idudkHfhka fujeks ;jdka l=Üáhl úYd,;ajh wÛ,a 1 1$2 ‹1 1$2 ‹ 1 1$2 fyda wÛ,a 2 ‹ 2 ‹ 2 muK olajd fjkia úh yelsh'

l mrK msyshla iy wjYH ;rï m<,g ilid.;a ,S máhlwdOdrfhka l=Üá lmd.; yelsh' ;jdka ñY%Kh u; ,S máh;nd we;=,gu lemS hk m˙† msysfha wdOdrfhka l=Üáh lmd.kak' msysfhys mia we,S" l=Üá leãhdu j,ld .ekSu i|ydj˙kajr msysh c,h n∫kl .s,ajd f;;alr lemSug fhd∞.kak'

l fï wkaoug lmd .kakd ,o iEu ;jdka l=Üáhlu y˙ ue†kais≥rla ilid .kak' bj; ouk fnda,a fmdhskaÜ mEkl miqmi fldgi wdOdrfhka is≥r ilid .ekSfuka taldld¯.eUqrlska fuu is≥re we;slr.; yelsh' fï wkaoug l=Üáj,ilid.;a is≥rej, ;jdka ls¯ug wjYH îc fl,skau oeóufyda fjk;a m%d:ñl ;jdkl ilid.;a îc me, .,jd f.keú;aisgqùu fyda l< yelsh'

tljru îc isgqùul l=Üá ;jdkaj, tljru îc isgqjkafka kï ;jdka l=Üáhu; ilid.kakd is≥re t;rï .eUqrlg ilid fkd.; hq;=h'tys .eUqr wÛ,a 1$4 muKùu iEfya' fuu is≥re ;=,g îc 2-3muK oud f.du yd u;=msg mia iuj ñY%lr idod.;añY%Kfhkau îc jid fyd¢ka ;olr .kak'

l fï wkaoug îc fhdod ;jdk u; f;; f.daks fyda f;;ms≥re w;=rkak' fjk;a ;jdkaj, fuka fkdj fuys° ;jdkgîc fh¥ ú.i c,h fh°u fkdlrkak' c,h fh≥jfyd;a îcl=Kqùu jeäúh yelsh'

l îc me,jQ ú.i jiqk bj;a lrkak' îc me,j,g †k 10muK .;jQ miqj tla ;jdka l=Üáhl tla ksfrda.S me,hlamuKla b;s˙lr fiiq me, .,jd bj;a lrkak'

;jdka l=Üá j, me, isgqùul fï i|yd l=Üá ;jdk ieliSug fmr fjk;a ia:dkhlidudkH wdldrfha ;jdkla ilid tys îc jmqrd me, ksmojd.kak' fuh m%d:ñl ;jdk f,i ye¢kafõ'

l fuu m%d:ñl ;jdfkys ìc me,j, m;% folla iys;wjia:dfõ° .,jd l=Üá ;jdkaj, isgqúh hq;=h' fï wkaougîc me, isgqùfï° ;jdka l=Üáfha ilialr .kakd is≥frys.eUqr isgqjk me,fha uQ, uKav,fha .eUqr wkqj fjkialr.kak'

l m%d:ñl ;jdfkka me, .e,ùug m%:u th fyd¢ka f;;alr"uq, uKav,hg ydks fkdjk m˙† me, .,jd .kak' isgqùfï°me,j, m;%j,ska muKla w,a,d isgqjkak' lf|ka w,a,d me,.e,ùu WÑ; fkdfõ'

l l=Üá ;jdkaj, fujeks l=vd îc me, isgqùfuka miqjme,j, uq, uKav,h yd f;; mi tlsfkl iuÛ fyd¢kaiïnkaOjk m˙† mia ñY%Kfhka iaj,amhla fhdod uola w;ska;o lrkak' bkamiqj ;jdk uola f;;ajk m˙† u,a nd,a†hlskac,h fhdokak'

;jdk kv;a;=jl ;jdk wdjrKhlr .ekSu i|yd wdrelal=jl wdldrhgl=vd WK m;=re kjd tlsfklg fikaá ógr® 45 l mr;rhlska;jdk u; isg qjd .kak' bkamiqj fikaáógr® 75 la m<, fmd,s;skhla folvlr fuf,i ilid.;aWK m;=re u; ;jdk jefik m˙† w;=rd .kak' md;a;sh fomiiúlr.;a l+x[j,g fuu fmd,s;Skh .eg .ikak'

l mskak iys; rd;S % ld,fha° iy jr®Idj we;súg°fmd,s;Skfhka ;jdk jid ;nkak' †jd ld,fha° fmd,s;Skhbj;a lrkak'

l ;jdka l=Üáj, f;;ukh ksis uÜgul mj;ajd .; yelsjkm˙† l=vd is≥re iys; u,a nd,a†hlska c,h fhdokak' ;jdkgi;s 3 muK .;jq miqj tys j,a me, ;sfíkï w;ska .,jdbj;a lrkak'

wÛ,a

1 1$2 - 2

wÛ,a 1 1$2 - 2

55

l me,j, jeãu ≥r®j, kï fj<| fmdf,ys we;s †hrfmdfydrla ;jdkg biskak' tfia fkdue;s kï hQ˙hdwjqkaihla c,h .eΩï 2 ñY%lr.;a †hrh me,j,g fhdokak'

l ;jdka me,j,g frda. yd lDñ ydks ksid ydks meñfKaoehsks;r m¯CIdld¯ jkak'

me, isgqùul ;jdkg i;s 3-4 muK .;jQ miqj fyda tla tla fnda. j._hwkqj ;jdfkys me, jeãug bv ye˙h hq;= ld,h wjika jqmiq l=Üá ;jdka me, j.d ìfuys isgqùu i|yd fhdod .kak'fï i|yd m<uqfjkau l=Üá ;jdfkys rduqj bj;a lrkak'

l bkamiqj ;jdka l=Üá lemSu i|yd fhdod.;a msysh u.skaul=Üá kej; tlsfklska fjkalr .kak' msys ;,h l=Üáh hákaoud biaiSfuka th myiqfjka .e,fõ' fï wkaoug fjkalr.;a ;jdka l=Üá isgqùu i|yd j.d ìug f.khdug ilid.;a ;eá Ndú;d ls˙u jvd iq≥iqh'

l me, isgqùug ál fõ,djlg fmr" ilid.;a j,j,aj,gc,h fhdokak' me,h iys; mia l=Üáh jf,a isgjQ miq thjefik fia miaj,ska wdjrKh lrkak'

n∫ka ;jdkat<jΩ j.d ls¯u i|yd ksfrda.S jeä †˙hlska hq;= me,ksmojd.; yels ;jdka l%uhls' fï wkaoug ksmojd .kakdme,j, fyd¢ka jevqk Yla;su;a uQ, uKav,hla we;' n∫fkawe;s ;jdka udOHh iuÛu j.d ìfuys me, isgqjk ksidme,j, jeãu nd, fkdfõ' me, isgqùfï° uq,aj,g ydksfkdjk ksid me, ñhhdula fyda ;=jd, jq uq,a yryd frda.ldrlhka me,hg we;=,aùula fyda is≥ fkdfõ' isgqùug fhdod.kakd îcj,ska jeä me, ixLHdjla ,nd.; yels ksid" fuul%uh ñ< wêl fouqyqï m%fNaoj, îc ;jdka ls u i|yd nyq,jYfhka fhdod .kq ,efí' fuh f.dajd" ngq" ;lald,s" ñ˙ia jeksl=vd îc iys; fnda. i|yd jvd;a iq≥iq ;jdka l%uhls'

n∫ka ieliSul úIalïNh fikaá ógr® 13 iy Wi fikaá ógr® 17 jq l=vdm%udKfha §fif,da fmd,s;Ska¶ n∫ka fï i|yd idr®:lj fhdod.;yelsh' idudkHfhka §f.%di˙ nE.aia¶ hkqfjka y∫kajkq ,nkfuu n∫ka fhdod .ekSu jvd ,dNodhl o fõ'

l me, jefvk úg n∫k ;=, tla /iajk jeä c,h bj;ajhdu i|yd nE.fha my< m%foaYfhys l=vd is≥re 6-8 muK ilid.kak'

l tfiau n∫ka ñY%Kh mqrjd .ekSug fmr nE.fha újD;me;af;a odrh wÛ,a 1 1$2 muK we;=,g kjd .kak' tu.ska tysjefkk iqΩ nj wvqlr .; yelsh'

l fuu n∫ka i|yd ;jdka ñY%Kh f,i ire u;=msg mia iy†rdm;a jq f.du fmdfydr fjk fjku i,a,vlr" ium%udKj,ska ñY% lr.kak' fuu ñY%Kh ;rula f;;alr.ekSfuka n∫kaj,g mqrjd .ekSu jvd;a myiq fõ'

l fï wkaoug miaa ñY%Kh mqrjd.;a n∫ka tlsfklg wdikakjisák fia ;jdk i|yd ilia lr.;a ia:dkfhys wiqrd.kak'fufia wiqrd.kakd úg° fikaá ógr® 90 g fkdjeä m<,laiys;j n∫ka wiqrd .ekSfuka /l n,d.ekSu jvd myiqfõ'

l fujeks fif,dafmd,s;Ska n∫ka fjkqjg" lvodisj,ska ieliQn∫ka jqjo Ndú;dl< yelsh' fuhg wu;rj úúO m%udKfha;jdka ;eá o fj<| fmdf,ka ñ,° .; yelsh' tjeks n∫kajdr .Kkdjla mdúÉÑ ls¯fï yelshdj o ;sfí'

úúO wdldrfha ;jdka ;eá

56

n∫ka ñY%Kh „jdKqyrKhn∫kaj,g mqrjd.;a ;jdka ñY%Kfhys úúO frda. ldrlhskaisáhfyd;a l=vd t<jΩ me,j,g úYd, jYfhka ydks we;sfõ'fuh j,ld .ekSu i|yd îc isgqùug †k 1-2 muK fmr iq≥iq†,Sr kdYlhla fhdod n∫ka ñY%Kh ‚jdkqyrKh lr.kak'fï i|yd lemagdka keu;s †,Sr kdYlfhka .%Eï 15-20 c,h,Sgr® 10 ñY%lr idod.;a †hrh u,a nd,a†hlska n∫kaj,gfhdod ;jdka ñY%Kh fyd¢ka f;;a lr.kak'

îc m%;sldr ls¯uîc iu. mej;sh yels frda. ldrl úkdYlr .ekSu i|ydisgqùug fmr iq≥iq †,Sr kdYlhla îc iuÛ ñY%lr .kak'^ksr®foaYs; m%udK j.= wxl 02ys i|ykalr we;'&

îc isgqùutla n∫kl ;sìh hq;= me, .Kk" fnda. j._h yd j.d l%uhwkqj fjkial, hq;=h' ta wkqj îc isgqùu i|yd tla n∫klwe;sl< hq;= is≥re ixLHdj tlla fyda folla fyda úh yelsh'fujeks is≥rl .eUqr wÛ,a 1$4-1$2 w;r ùug ms<sjk'

WodyrKhla f,i tla n∫kl f.dajd tla me,hla o ;lald,skï me, folla ne.ska o mj;ajd.; yel' iEu n∫klu îcisgqúh hq;af;a tl iudk .eUqrlsks' tfia fkdjqkfyd;a ìcme,ùu o taldld¯j is≥ fkdfõ' fï i|yd ir, WmlrKhlaidod.; yels w;r" th n∫ka ñY%Kh msrjQ n∫k u; ;nd ;ols¯fuka iEu n∫klu iu .eUqrlska is≥re ilid.; yelsfõ'bkamiqj is≥re ;=,g îc oud „jdkqyrKh lr.;a n∫kañY%Khu fhdod jid oeñh hq;=h'

jiqka ls¯ul fuf,i îc fh¥ n∫kaj, îc me,jk f;la u;=msáka jiqklafh°u w;HdjYH fõ' fï i|yd wÛ,a 2 la muK >klu ms∫re;Ügqjla fyda f;; f.daks fyda fhdod.; yelsh'

l l=ô yd fõhkaf.a ydks iys; m%foaYj,° kï ta i|yd iq≥iqlDñ kdYlhla c,fha †hlr jiqk fh¥ miq& jiqk o f;;ajkf,ig n∫ka u;g fhdokak'

l †km;d n∫kaj, f;;ukh m¯CIdlr n,d wjYH m˙†c, iïmdokh lrkak' îc me, mfika u;=jq ú.iu jiqkbj;a lrkak' îc me, mfika u;=jq uq,a †k lsysmfha ° tajdb;d uD≥jk fyhska jr®Idfjka wdrCId lr.ekSu wjYH fõ'fï i|yd fmd,s;Ska wdjrKhla" n∫kaj,g by,ska wr®Oljdldrj isák f,i fhdod.kak'

l îc me, m;% fol iys; wjia:djg m;a jQ úg ^îc isgqjd†k 7-10 °& n∫kaj, we;s jeä me, bj;a lrkak' tf,i bj;alrk me, kej;" m<uqj i|yka l< whq˙ka ilid .;an∫kaj, isgqùfuka" me, wmf;a hdu j,lS'

l n∫ka udOHfha f;;ukh ksis f,i mj;ajd f.k hdu i|ydl%uj;aj c, iïmdokh lrkak' me, l%ufhka jr®Okhjkúg° me, oeä ls¯u i|yd ysre t<sh ,ndfok ld,iSudj l%ul%ufhka jeä lrkak'

l lDñ frda. ydks ms<sn|j ks;ru m¯CIdld¯ ùu b;djeo.;ajk w;r" wjYHjkafka kï muKla iq≥iq m<sfndaOkdYlhla biskak'

me, isgqùul kshñ; ld, iSudj ;=,° me, isgqjkak' jvd jeä ld,hlan∫fkau me, ;nd.;a úg .eUqrg jefvk uq,a" n∫k m;=f,a °.eg .efia' th wys;lr ;;a;ajhls'

l ;jdfka isg fCIa;%hg f.khdfï °" me,j,g yd n∫kaj,gydks is≥ùu j,ld .ekSu i|yd me;,s m;=,la iys;Ndckhl wiqrdf.k n∫ka fCIa;%hg f.k hkak'

l n∫fka isria lemqula fhdod ne.h bj;a lrñka" mia l=Üáhiu. me, isgqjkak' me, isgqùfï° bj;alrk fif,dafmd,s;SkanE.a tla ;eklg tl;=lr úkdY lrkak'

l fuf,i ieliQ n∫ka me, f.j;= j.d lrkakka yg wf,úls¯u u.ska wdodhï Wmojk udr®.hla ilialr .; yelsh';jo" fCIa;%fha isgqjk f;la me,j,g ydks fkdjk f,i ;nd.ekSu myiq neúka th j.dlrejkg o myiqjla fõ'

57

ldnksl yd ridhksl fmdfydr

Ndú;fha jeo.;alu

fndfyda t<jΩ fnda. flá uQ, uKav,hlska hqla;h' fï ksidfuu fnda. j._j, Ydl fmdaIl wjYH;djh imqrd .ekSu i|yduq, uKav,h wjg l=vd m%foaYhl ie,lsh hq;= Ydl fmdaIlm%udKhla ;ssìh hq;=h'

óg wu;rj udi 3-4 la jeks flá ld,iSudjl° fndfydat<jΩ fnda.j, „ú; ld,h wjika fõ' fjk;a fnda. yd ii|dn,k l," t<jΩ fnda.j, wiajkq jYfhka m%fhdackhg .kakdfldgiaj, ie,lsh hq;= Ydl fmdaIl m%udKhla wka;r®.; fõ'tksid t<jΩ wiajekak iuÛ wêl Ydl fmdaIl m%udKhlaj.d ìfuka bj;a fõ' fuhg wu;rj fndfyda t,jΩ fnda.j,wdydrhg fkd.kakd o~q yd fld< jeks fldgiaj,o ie,lshhq;= m%udKhl Ydl fmdaIl wvx.= fõ' wiajkq fk,Sfuka miqfujeks fnda. wjfYaIo j.d ìfuka bj;alr" úkdYlr oeóuksid o ie,lsh hq;= Ydl fmdaIl m%udKhla mig wysñ fõ'

Ydl fmdaIl l<uKdlrkhlafufia mfika bj;ajk Ydl fmdaIl j._ uq,sl" oaù;shsl ydwxY= ud;% uq,øjH hk ldKav ;=kgu wh;a fõ' tksid tuishΩu Ydl fmdaIl j._ kej; mig ,nd°fï ls%hdud._ t<jΩfnda. j.dfõ jeo.;a ;ekla .kS' fï ksid m%Odk Ydl fmdaIlimhk tka'mS'fla' (N.P.K) ridhksl fmdfydrj,g wu;rjoaú;shsl yd wxY= ud;% uq,øjH imhk ldnksl fmdfydr ot<jΩ j.djg fh†h hq;=h' úúO t<jΩ fnda. w;=frka jqjo"†.= ld,Sk fnda. u.ska" flá ld,Sk fnda.j,g jvd jeä YdlfmdaIl m%udKhla Wrd .kS' fï ksid †.= ld,Sk fukau jeäwiajkq ,ndfok t<jΩ fnda. i|yd idr®:l Ydl fmdaIll<ukdlrKhla úfYaIfhka ;sìh hq;=h' tksid tjeks fnda.i|yd ldnksl yd ridhksl fmdfydr foj._hu ksjer†wdldrhg fh°fuka" idr®:l fukau wdr®:ßl jdisodhlwiajekakla o ,nd.; yelsh'

ridhksl fmdfydr

uQ,sl Ydl fmdaIl

fjk;a fnda. j._ i|yd fukau t<jΩ fnda. i|yd o" jeäm%udKhlska wjYHjk ksid uQ,sl Ydl fmdaIl f,i i,lkq,nk khsg%cka" fmdiamria yd fmdgEishï iemhSu ridhkslfmdfydr u.ska l< hq;=h'

fuh úfYaIfhka jeo.;a jkafka t<jΩ fnda. j._j,ska jeäwiajekakla ,nd.ekSu i|yd jeä Ydl fmdaIl m%udKhlawjYHjk ksidh' tu wjYH;djh imqrd,Su jvd myiqfjkal,yels jkafka jeä Ydl fmdaIl m%udKhla wvx.=jkridhksl fmdfydr fh°u u.skss'

ridhksl fmdfydr myiqfjka †hfjk iqΩ ksid migfh°fuka miq b;d iqΩ ld,hla ;=,° fnda.hg ,nd.; yelsh'tksid ridhksl fmdfydr fh°fuka fnda.fha jeãug ydwiajekakg blauka n,mEula we;sl< yelsh' fuhg wu;rjjeä wjYH;djhla mj;sk fuu Ydl fmdaIl ;=ka j._hridhksl fmdfydr f,i ,nd°u" jvd;a m%;sM,odhl fukauwdr®:ßlj o jdisodhlh' t<jΩ f.dùka úiska ridhkslfmdfydr Ndú;d ls¯u flfrys jeä ie,ls,a,la olajkafkafï ksidh'

ñka yeÛS hkafka t<jΩ fnda. j.d lrkq ,nk ìfukaksrka;rfhka Ydl fmdaIl úYd, m%udKhla bj;ajk njhs'fï ksid" t<jΩ j.dfõ idr®:l wiajekakla i|yd ukd YdlfmdaIl l,uKdlrkhla wksjdr®fhkau ;sìh hq;=h' tfiafkdl,fyd;a fjk;a fnda. j._ fuka fkdj" t<jΩ fnda.j,wiajekafkys meye†,s wvqùula is≥jk nj mr®fhaIK u.skaukdj Tmamq lr ;sfí'

58

t<jΩ fnda. i|yd ridhksl fmdfydr fh°fï° fjk;afláld,Sk fnda.j,g fuka" iïmQr®K fmdiamria wjYH;djhuQ,sl fmdfydr f,i fh†h hq;=h' ta iuÛu fnda.fha khsg%ckaiy fmdgeishï wjYH;djfhka fldgila o îc fyda me,isgqùug fmr uq,sl fmdfydr f,i" ilid.;a md;a;sj,g fydaj,j,aj,g fhdod mi iuÛ l<jï lr.; hq;=h' fnda.hgwjYHjk b;s˙ khsg%cka yd fmdgEishï fmdfydr m%udKhksr®foaYs; wkaoug tla jrl° fyda jdr lsysmhl° fydafnda.hg fhdod mig l<jïl< hq;=h' úYd, ìï m%udKhlgfmdfydr fhdok wjia:dj,° l=vd fldgia jYfhka j.djgfmdfydr fhdod mig l<jï lrkak' fhdok ,o fmdfydrjeä fõ,djla ;o ysre t<shg ksrdjrKh ù úkdY ùu fuhskaj,lS' hQ˙hd wvx.= fmdfydr i|yd fuh úfYaIfhka jeo.;afõ' tfia fmdfydr fhdod mig l,jï ls fuka" fnda.hg fuufmdfydrj, wvx.= Ydl fmdaIl jvd myiqfjka ,nd .ekSugyels fõ' tfiau" wmf;a hk fmdfydr m%udKh o wvq lr.;yelsh'

fï wdldrhg fnda.h isgqùfuka miq fmdfydr fh°uidudkHfhka y∫kajkq ,nkafka" §u;=msg fmdfydr fh°u¶jYfhks' flfia kuq;a fuu fmdfydr" u;=msg úisrejdye¯ul, hq;=hehs fuhska woyia lrkq fkd,efí' tksid u;=msgfmdfydr fh¥ miqj tu fmdfydr wksjdr®hfhkau migl,jïl< hq;=h'

;s%;aj iqmr® fmdiafmaÜ

uQ,sl fmdfydrla f,i muKla fhdokq ,nk fmdiamria YdlfmdaIlh" t<jΩ fnda. j.djka i|yd ,nd†h hq;af;a ;s%;ajiqmr® fmdiafmaÜ wdldrhg muKls' fï i|yd úúO j._j,frdla fmdiafmaÜ fmdfydr Ndú;d fkdl< hq;=h' ;s%;aj iqmr®fmdiafmaÜ fuka fkdj" frdla fmdiafmaÜj, ls%hdld¯Fjh wvqh'tksid jeä fmdiamria wjYH;djhla we;s t<jΩ fnda. j._i|yd frdla fmdiafmaÜ fh°u iq≥iq ke;' fuhg wu;rj" †.=ld,hla ;=,° iqΩ m%udKj,ska mig ksoyiajk frdlafmdiafmaÜj, wvx.= fmdiamria Ydl fmdaIlh" flá jr®Okld,hla we;s t<jΩ fnda.j,g wjYH wjia:dj,°" wjYHm%udKj,ska ,nd .ekSu wmyiqh' tksid frdla fmdiafmaÜksr®foaY lrkq ,nkafka nyqjdr®Isl fnda. i|yd muKls'

fï fya;=j ksid t<jΩ fnda. i|yd fmdfydr ñY%K Ndú;dls¯fï°" fjk;a nyqjdr®Isl fnda. i|yd ilialr we;sfmdfydr ñY%K fhdod fkd.; hq;=h' ^Wod( fmd,a" rnr®" f;afmdfydr& ulaksidoh;a fujeks fndfyda fmdfydr ñY%Kj,fmdiamria fmdfydr f,i wvx.= jkafka frdla fmdiafmaÜksidh'

ridhksl fmdfydr myiqfjka c,fha †hfjk iqΩh' tksid

fnda.hg blau◊ka ,nd.; yelsjdla fukau" myiqfjka mfikafia°hdu iy fnda.hg ,nd.; fkdyels .eUqrla olajdldka≥ùug o bv ;sfí' †.ska †.gu úYd, m%udKj,skaridhksl fmdfydr mig fh°u ksid" mfiys we;s fjk;a YdlfmdaIl j._ iu. fkdfhla wka;r® ls%hdj,Ska o we;súh yelsh'fuys m%;sM,hla jYfhka fnda.fhys fkdfhla fmdaIl W!K;dwe;sùug bv;sfí' fuys wjidk m%;sM,h jkafka wiajekakwvqùuhs'

WodyrKhla jYfhka fmdgeishï wvx.= ridhksl fmdfydrúYd, m%udKj,ska mig fh¥úg ue.aksishï keu;s YdlfmdaIlh Wrd .ekSug ndOdfõ '

fmdiamria wvx.= fmdfydr mfiys jeä jQ úg fnda.hg;=ka;kd.ï ^iskala& uQ,øjH Wrd.ekSug wmyiq fõ' fuhgwu;rj fkdlvjd wêl m%udKj,ska ridhksl fmdfydrj.djka i|yd fhdokq ,nk m%foaYj," îug .kakd c,h¥IKh ùuo úYd, m˙ir yd fi!LH m%YaKhla ù ;sfí' tfiaufï wkaoug ridhksl fmdfydr fh°u ksid mi wdï,slùuksid j.djka widr®:l ùuo nyq,j we;sjk .egΩjls'

Wm˙u m%fhdack ,nd .ekSu i|ydridhksl fmdfydr fh°fuka Wm˙u m%fhdack ,nd.ekSui|yd ksr®foaYs; ridhksl fmdfydr m%udKh ksr®foaYs;wjia:dfõ° fh†h hq;=h' fhdokq ,nk ridhksl fmdfydryeuúgu mig l,jï l<hq;=h' tfiau khsg%cka wvx.=ridhksl fmdfydr fhdokq ,nk wjia:dj,° jeä jdr.Kklska fnda.hg ,nd°u u.ska wmf;a hk fmdfydr m%udKhwvqlr .; yelsh' fuhg wu;rj ridhksl fmdfydr fhdokwjia:dfõ° mfiys f;;ukh mej;Su jeo.;ah' tfiake;fyd;a fmdfydr fh°fuka miq c,h iemhSu wksjdr®fhkaul<hq;=h' úh,s mig ridhksl fmdfydr fh°fuka fnda.hgm%fhdackhla ,nd.; fkdyelsh' fuhg wu;rj ridhkslfmdfydr fh°ug fmr j.dfõ j,ame,Eá md,kh ls¯u ofnfyúka jeo.;a fõ'

59

ldnksl fmdfydrldnksl fmdfydr j._ mig fhdod t<jΩ j.dl< miq mfiawka;r®.; uq,sl" oaù;shsl yd wxY= ud;% hk ldKav ;=kguwh;ajk uq,øjH m%udKh jeä ù we;snj mr®fhaIK u.skaikd:lr we;' idudkH t<jΩ j.d l%uj,° ridhkslfmdfydr f,i oaù;shsl yd wxY= ud;% uq,øjH mig ,nd°uis≥ fkdlrk neúka ridhksl fmdfydrj,g wu;rj ldnkslfmdfydr fh°u o b;d jeo.;ah'

jdis fudkjdo@ldnksl fmdfydr fh°u u.ska fnda.j,g fhdokq ,nkridhksl fmdfydr fia°hdu wvqù" tu ridhksl fmdfydrj,ldr®hCIu;djh jeä lrkq ,efí' fuh fjk;a fnda. i|ydfukau t<jΩ j.dfõ° o jeo.;ah' fï ksid t<jΩ j.djgfhdokq ,nk ridhksl fmdfydrj, Wm˙u m%fhdack,nd.ekSug ldnksl fmdfydr fh°u o w;HdjYH fõ'

l f;;a l,dmfha fukau" w;r ueo l,dmj, o t<jΩ j.dlrkq ,nk mia" wdï,sl njlska hqla;h' tfiau fkdlvjdridhksl fmdfydr fh°u ksid o mfia wdï,sl nj jeä fõ'fï wdldrhg mi wdï,slùfï fya;=fjka fnda.j,g iuyrYdl fmdaIl Wrd .ekSug ndOd we;s fõ' flfia kuq;a milldnksl øjH ie,lsh hq;= m%udKhla we;akï" mfia iajdrCIlnj jeäjk w;r" tu.ska ridhksl fmdfydr fh°fïfya;=fjka wdï,slùug m%;sfrdaëj ls%hd ls fï jeä yelshdjlamig ,efí'

tfiau ldnksl fmdfydr f,i l=l=,a fmdfydr fh°u u.skatys wka;r®.; le,aishï ix>gl ksid mfia wdï,sl nj wvqfõ'fuh l=l=,a fmdfydrj, olakg ,efnk iqúfYaI ,CIKhls'tksid t<jΩ fnda. j.d ls fuka jeä wiajekakla ,nd .ekSugo th fya;=jla fõ' tksid l=l=,a fmdfydr fhdod t<jΩj.dlrkq ,nk wjia:dj,° fvd,uhsÜ fyda wΩyqKq fh°uwjYH fkdfõ'

l fndfyda t<jΩ fnda.j, we;af;a ≥r®j, fukau l=vd uq,amoaO;shls' fuu uq,a moaO;sh fyd¢ka jr®Okhlr .ekSu i|ydmfiys jHqyh ta i|yd ys;lr wdldrhg mej;sh hq;=h' mfiajHqyh †hqKqlr .ekSu" ridhksl fmdfydr muKla fh°fukal< fkdyelsh' ta i|yd ldnksl fmdfydr fh°u wksjdr®hfõ' fï wkaoug ldnksl fmdfydr fh°fuka mfia is≥jk ,sys,anj fya;=fjka fnda.fha uq,a moaO;sh fyd¢ka jeãug ys;lr;;a;ajhla we;sjk ksid" th t<jΩ j.dfõ idr®:lwiajekaklg fya;= fõ'

l t<jΩ j.djg je,s wêl mila fukau ueá wêl mila ofhda.H ke;' je,s wêl mfia wvq Ydl fmdaIl m%udKhlawka;r®.;jk w;r" Ydl fmdaIl blau◊ka fia°hduo is≥fõ'tfiau mfia idrj;a nj ;SrKh lrkq ,nk fjk;a fndfydaidOl o je,s mfia wvqh' tfiau ueá mfia wêl ueá nj ydueá wxY= wêl f,i tlsfkl iuÛ ;oùu" fnda.j, uq,afyd¢ka úys° hdug ndOdjls' tfiau úh,s ld,fha ueá mfiaolakg ,efnk b˙ ;e,Sï ksid fnda.j, uq,a moaO;shg mjdydks meñfka'

fï ksid je,s yd ueá mia fojr®.fhau" fnda. j.djg jvdys;lr ,CIK †hqKq ls¯u i|yd ldnksl fmdfydr fh°ujeo.;ah' fujeks ;;a;aj blau◊ka †hqKq ls¯u wmyiq jqj;a"fkdlvjd †.=ld,Skj mig ldnksl fmdfydr fh°um%fhdackj;ah' †.=ld,Skj ldnksl fmdfydr fh°fuka mfia;;ajh †hqKq ù we;s nj kqjrt<sh m%foaYfha t<jΩ j.d lrkmi wOHhkh ls¯fuka fyd¢ka fmkS hkq we;'

l ldnksl fmdfydr fh°u ksid mfia f;;ukh fnda.j,gwjYH uÜgulska mj;ajd .ekSug Wmldr fõ' t<jΩ fnda.j,olakg ,efnk fõ.j;a jr®Okh i|yd mfia f;;ukhjeo.;ajk w;r" th Ydl fmdaIl Wrd .ekSug yd fjk;amdxY= m%;sls%hd i|yd o m%fhdackj;a fõ' tfiau mfia „j;ajk.evúÆka yd fjk;a CIqø ‚ùkaf.a ls%hdldrlï i|yd o ksjer†uÜgñka mfia f;;ukh mej;Su w;HdjYHh' fuf,i mfiaf;;ukh r|jd .ekSug ridhksl fmdfydr muKlam%fhdackj;a fkdjk w;r" ta i|yd ldnksl fmdfydr fh°uo wksjdr®fhkau l<hq;=h'

l ldnksl fmdfydr fh°fuka mfia jHqyh †hqKqùu ksidmfia wka;r®.; jd; m%udKh jeäfõ' mfiys wvx.=jk jd;m%udKh †hqKq lr.ekSu úfYaIfhka jeo.;a jkafka jeäjYfhka ueá wvx.= mia i|ydh' mfia is≥jk fkdfhla m%;sls%hdi|yd fukau mdxY= „ùkaf.a ls%hdld¯Fjhg o mdxY= jd;hfnfyúka jeo.;ah' fuh ridhksl fmdfydr fh°fuka is≥l,fkdyels w;r" fï i|yd odhl jkafka ldnksl fmdfydr mu◊'

60

l ldnksl fmdfydr mfia „j;ajk fndfyda mdxY= „ùkagjeo.;ajk w;r" Tjqkaf.a „úldj mj;ajd f.k hdug mfialdnksl øjH wka;r®.; ùu w;HdjYHh' idr®:l fnda.j.djla i|yd mfiys is≥úh hq;= fkdfhla m%;sls%hd ksis wkaougis≥ùu ms◊i CIqø „ùkaf.a ls%hdld¯Fjh fnfyúka jeo.;ah

l ldnksl fmdfydr fh°fuka t<jΩ j.dfõ olakg ,efnkjgmkq ydksh wju lr.; yelsh' uq, .eá;s jgmkq ydksh"úfYaIfhka fid,fkais l=,fha t<jΩ fnda.jk ;lald,s" udÆñ˙ia" jïngq yd wr®;dm,a hkd†fha iq,nj oelsh yelsh' fuuydksh ldnksl fmdfydr fh°fuka wvqlr .; yels w;r" tai|yd l=l=,a fmdfydr fh°u jvd;a idr®:l m%;slr®uhls'

ldnksl fmdfydr fkdfh¥ j.dj, uQ, .eá;s jgmkq ydkshksid wêl f,i wiajekak wvqjk nj t<jΩ j.d lrkq ,nkfndfyda m%foaYj,ska jdr®;d ù we;' fuu ydksh j,ld,Su i|ydl=l=,a fmdfydrj, odhl;ajh ms<sn|j wm rfÜ muKla fkdjúfoaY rgj, is≥l, mr®fhaIK .Kkdjla u.ska o fmkajd °we;'

mr®fhaIK m%;sM,t<jΩ fnda. wdYs %;j is≥ lrkq ,enQ mr®fhaIK úYd,ixLHdjla u.ska meye†,s ù we;s lreKla kï" t<jΩ fnda.j,wiajekak jeä ls¯ug ^j.= wxl 1& fukau t<jΩ j.dfjkawdr®:ßl jdishla ,eîug ^j.= wxl 2& ridhksl fmdfydrmuKla fkdj ldnksl fmdfydro fh†h hq;= njhs' tfiau fuufojr®.hgu wh;a fmdfydr fh°u u.ska mfia †.=ld,Skidrj;anj /l .ekSug o bv ,efí'

fojk j.=fõ i|yka jkafka jeo.;a t<jΩ fnda. ;=klska,nd.; yels Y=oaO wdodhu" fhdok ,o úúO fmdfydr j._iu. fjkia ù we;s wkaouhs' fylaghdrhlg fgdka 10^wlalrhg fgdka 4& l=l=,a fmdfydr fhdod" ta iuÛ ksr®foaYs;ridhksl fmdfydr fh°fuka jeäu wdodhula fuu fnda.j.dlr ,nd .; yels nj fuhska meye†,s fõ'

wdodhï úhoï .Kkh ls¯u ms◊i fuhg jir lsysmhlgfmr mej;s ridhksl yd ldnksl fmdfydr ñ, o" tlS t<jΩj._ i|yd j.dlrejka ,nd.;a idudkH ñ,o Ndú;dlr ;sfí'flfia jqjo fuu o;a; i|yd jr®;udk w.hka Ndú;dl, oúúO fmdfydr fh°fï l%u wkqj ,nd.; yels Y=oaO ,dNhby; ms<sfj, wkqju fkdfjkiaj mj;skq we;'

j.=j 1 (

ldnksl yd ridhksl fmdfydr fh°u u.skam%Odk t<jΩ fnda. ;=kl wiajekakg is≥jQ n,mEu

wiajekak fyla$fu(fgdkaf.dajd ;lald,s m∫re fndaxÑ

fmdfydr fhdod ke;s 10'4 2'2 5'1 ksr®foaYs; fmdfydr muKla fh¥ úg 55'0 7'2 10'7 f.du fgdka 10 muKla fh¥ úg 32'4 5'1 6'6 fldïfmdaiaÜ fgdka 10 muKla fh¥ úg 33'8 6'9 8'2 l=l=,a fmdfydr fgdka 10 muKla fh¥ úg 58'0 18'4 11'1 f.du fgdka 10 ¤ ksr®foaYs; ridhksl fmdfydr 55'3 9'3 9'3 fldïfmdaiaÜ fgdka 10 ¤ ksr®foaYs; ridhksl fmdfydr 57'9 8'4 11'4 l=l=,a fmdfydr fgdka 10 ¤ ksr®foaYs; ridhksl fmdfydr 88'1 24'6 15'8

61

j.=j 2(

ldnksl fmdfydr j._ldnksl fmdfydr fh°fï°" fhdokq ,nk ldnksl fmdfydrj._ iy m%udK ms<sn|j muKla fkdj m%foaYfha myiqfjkaimhd.; yels fmdfydr ms,sn|j o ie,ls,su;a ùu jeo.;ah'úfYaIfhka t<jΩ j.dfõ° i;aj fmdfydr i|yd ,efnkafkaiqúfYaI ia:dkhls' i;aj fmdfydrj, fndfyda úg olakg,efnk jeä Ydl fmdaIl m%udKh yd fjk;a lreKq fï i|ydfya;= ù we;' tfiau fndfyda m%foaYj, i;aj fmdfydrmyiqfjka fidhd .ekSug yelsùuo fï i|yd n,md ;sfí'

i;aj fmdfydr f,i l=l=,a fmdfydr" f.du fmdfydr" fn%dhs,r®fmdfydr" tΩ fmdfydr" W!re fmdfydr yd jjq,a fmdfydrwd†h idr®:lj Ndú;dl, yels nj mr®fhaIK u.ska fmkajd° we;' kuq;a f.du yd l=l=,a fmdfydr" t<jΩ j.djka i|ydjeä jYfhka Ndú;d lrkq ,nk ldnksl fmdfydr j._ folls'

i;aj fmdfydrj,g wu;rj" ldnksl fmdfydr f,ifldïfmdaiaÜ fmdfydr jqjo idr®:lj Ndú;d lrkq ,nkwjia:d tugh'

ldnksl yd ridhksl fmdfydr úúO wkaoug fh°fuka miq m%Odk t<jΩ fnda.lsysmhla u.ska lkak lsysmhl° ,nd.; yels ù we;s wdodhu

^fylaghdrhlg remsh,a&

fmdfydr fh¥ wdldrh je,a fndaxÑ ;lald,s f.dajd je,afndaxÑ ;lald,s f.dajd92 h, 92$93 uy 93 h, 94 h, 94$95 uy 95 h,

l=l=,a fmdfydr ^fyla'$fgdka'10& 31"600'00 5"73"200'00 6"06"200''00 1"73"100'00 8"28"400'00 4"35"500'00

f.du fmdfydr ^fyla'$fgdka'10& 8"300'00 152"800'00 262"900'00 43"000'00 71"400'00 101"900'00

f.du fmdfydr ¤ l=l=,a fmdfydr^fyla-fgdka 5 ne.ska& 25"100'00 3"02"800'00 5"56"600'00 1"48"900'00 4"28"400'00 4"64"000'00

ksr®foaYs; ridhksl fmdfydrmuKla 18"800'00 2"79"200'00 5"43"900'00 1"21"500'00 2"40"300'00 3"30"900'00

l=l=,a fmdfydr ^fyla'$fgd'10& ¤ksr®foaYs; ridhksl fmdfydr 63"200'00 647"800'00 814"500'00 230"200'00 11"70"600'00 8"34"700'00

f.du fmdfydr ^fyla'$fgdka 10&¤ ksr®foaYs; ridhksl fmdfydr 39"900'00 4"41"900'00 5"19"500'00 1"59"300'00 3"94"000'00 3"12"600'00

f.du fmdfydr iy l=l=,a fmdfydr^fyla'$fgdka 5 ne.ska& ¤ ksr®foaYs;ridhksl fmdfydr 51"600'00 6"24"200'00 714"900'00 1"67"800'00 7"78"400'00 5"97"800'00

62

tfiau iuyr m%foaYj, t<jΩ j.dj i|yd jiqkla f,i ms≥refhdod .kakd wjia:d o olakg ,efí' f.j;=j, t<jΩ j.dls¯fï° fld< fmdfydr Ndú;dl,o jd◊c uÜgñka t<jΩj.dlrk wjia:dj,° th t;rï m%dfhda.sl fkdfõ'

fh†h hq;= m%udK

§Wvrg t<jΩ fnda.¶ i|yd l=l=,a fmdfydr" fn%dhs,r® fmdfydr"tΩ fmdfydr" W!re fmdfydr" jjq,a fmdfydr yd úh,s f.duhkd†h wlalrhlg fgdka 4 la muK tla lkakhl° fh°uiEfya' fuh o< jYfhka fmdfydr uΩ 150-200 la muKixLHdjl wvx.= m%udKhla f,i ie,lsh yelsh' Wvrg t<jΩfnda. i|yd jrlg foda;lska .;yels m%udKhla ne.skafh°fuka tu m%udKh ,nd†h yel' fndfyda úg f;; f.duyd f.du iuÛ fjk;a ;Kfld< frdvq wd†h ñY% ù we;súgwlalrhlg fgdka 8-10 la muK jqjo Ndú;dl< yelsh' tho< jYfhka idudkH g%elagr® f,daâ 4-5 la muK mqrjd .;aúg,efnk m%udKhla f,i ie,lsh yelsh'

my;rg t<jΩ fnda. j._jk jegfldΩ" mf;da," nKavlaldjeks oE i|yd jqjo by; i|ykal, ldnksl fmdfydr Ndú;dl, yelsh' flfia kuq;a" wiajekak i|yd ,efnk ñ<" fnda.uÛska Wrd.kakd fmdaIl m%udKh yd wiajkq m%udKhie,ls,a,g .ekSfï° Wvrg t<jΩ fnda.j,g fh¥ m%udKfhkawvl muK m%udKhla tkï" wlalrhlg fgdka 2 la muKfh°u m%dfhda.sl fukau wdr®:sljo jdisodhlh' fuh fmdfydru¨ jYfhka ie,lSfï° fmdfydr u¨ 80-100 la muK fõ' wuqf.du fhdok wjia:dfõ° g%elagr® f,daâ 2 - 2 1$2 la muK fõ'my;rg t<jΩ fnda. j._jk jegfldΩ" mf;da, yd lrú,wd†h jeä mr;rhlska isgqjk neúka tla j,lg o< jYfhkalsf,da 1 la fyda foda;j,a 4 la muK fh°u l<hq;= fõ'

fh†h hq;= wjia:dj

t<jΩ j.djka i|yd l=l=,a fmdfydr Ndú;dlrk úg fnda.isgqùug †k 3-4 lg fmr j,j,aj,g kshñ; m%udKh fhdodmi iuÛ l,jï lrkak' jr®Idj fkdue;s kï †k 2-3 la muKc,h fhdokak'

tu.ska t<jΩ îcj,g fyda isgjQ l=vd me,j,g fyda l==l=,afmdfydr uÛska is≥jk ydksh iïmQr®Kfhkau j,ld .; yelsh't<jΩ fnda.j,g l=l=,a fmdfydr fh°fï° w¨yqKq migfh°u wjYH fkdfõ' fuh wr®;dm,a j.dfõ° b;du jeo.;ah'tkï wr®;dm,a j.djg l==l=,a fmdfydr fh¥úg wÆyqKq fh°uis≥ fkdl, hq;=h' tfia fkdl< fyd;a" wr®;dm,a w, §ialeí¶frda.hg md;%úh yelsh' fufia l=l=,a fmdfydr fh°u ksidwΩ yqKq i|yd jehjk uqo, iïmQr®Kfhkau b;s˙lr.;yelsjk w;r" fuh l=l==,a fmdfydr fh°fuka ,nd.; yelsw;sfr®l jdishla f,i ie,lsh yelsh'

†hr fmdfydr

†hr fmdfydr hkq fmdaIH modr®: ødjKhla f,i m;% u;gbiSfuka ,ndfokq ,nk fmdfydr j._ fõ' t<jΩ j.d i|yd†hr fmdfydr Ndú;h lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=j uÛskaksr®foaYlr ke;;a" wo th f.dùka w;r ckms%h ms<sfj;la ùwe;'

fï wkaoug fnda.hlg ,nd†h yels Ydl fmdaIl m%udKhb;du;a w,amh' kuq;a fndfydaúg †hr fmdfydrj, uq,sl"oaú;sl yd wxY= ud;% uQ,øjH .Kkdjla wka;r®.;jk wjia:d;sfí' ldnksl yd ridhksl fmdfydr foj._hu fhdod is≥l,l%udkql+, j.djlg" kej; †hr fmdfydr fh°fuka w;sfr®ljdishla ,nd.; fkdyels nj mr®fhaIK u.ska fmkajd ° we;'

kuq;a úfYaIfhka fld, m˙fNdackhg .kakd t<jΩ fnda.i|yd" †hr fmdfydr fh°fuka wiajekafka meyem;a njjeäùu ksid ñ,° .ekSfï° md˙fNda.slhd yg jeä m%shukdmnjla we;sfõ'

ridhksl yd ldnksl fmdfydr fojr®.hu l%udkql+,jNdú;dl, t<jΩ j.djlg †hr fmdfydr fh°u wkjYHjqjo" hï wjia:djl ldnksl fmdfydr muKla fyda ridhkslfmdfydr muKla fyda fhdod t<jΩ j.dlr we;s wjia:dj,°†hr fmdfydr fh°u m%fhdackj;a úh yelsh' flfia jqjo"tu.ska ldnksl yd ridhksl fmdfydr fojr®.hu fh°fuka,nd.kakd wiajekak lsisfia;au ,nd.; fkdyels njúfYaIfhka i|ykal, hq;=h'

63

f.dùka úiska ksIamdokh lrkq ,nk t<jΩ ≥r neyerm%foaYj, isák md˙fNda.slhska w;g m;ajk úg" tajdfha;Fjh fndfyda fihska ≥r®j, ùu wm rfÜ nyq, jYfhkais≥jk fohls' tmuKla fkdj fufia ksmojk t<jΩ j,ska20]-30] olajd m%udKhla wmf;a hhs'

fuf,i wiajkq fk¨ wjia:dfõ isg md˙fNda.slhd w;gm;ajk ;=re is≥jk ydks ish,a, miq wiajkq ydks f,i y∫kajkq,efí'

fï ksid f.dúhd yg b;d wvq uqo,lg ;u ksIamd†;hka wf,úls¯ug is≥jk w;r" md˙fNda.slhd yg úYd, ñ<la f.jdwjYH t<jΩ ñ,° .eksug is≥fõ'

úYd, jYfhka is≥jk miq wiajkq ydkshg m%Odk jYfhkafya;=jk idOl lSmhls' c,h msgùu ksid nr wvqùu" fï¯u";e,Sï yd iS ï is≥ùu" l=Kqùu hkd†h fï w;= ka m%Odk ;ekla.kS' flfia fj;;a fufia miq wiajkq ydksh ksid wmf;a hkm%udKh flfrys fmr wiajkq idOl o fndfyda úg n,mEulawe;s lrhs'

fmr wiajkq idOl f,i y∫kajkq ,nkafka wiajkq fk,Sugfmr fCIa;%fha° meje;s ;Fjhkah' wl%uj;a fmdfydr Ndú;h"wvq c,iïmdokh" wêl wdr®ø;djh iy fjk;a whym;a j.dmd,k l%u wiajekafkys ;Fjh flfrys wys;lr n,mEï we;slrhs' fmr wiajkq idOl ukd f,i md,khlr" Wiia miqwiajkq ;dCIK l%u wkq.ukh ls¯fuka wmf;a hk t<jΩm%udKh fndfyda ≥rg wvqlr .; yelsh'

wiajkq fk,sh hq;= wjia:dl ;lald,s wiajkq fk,Sug jvd;a iq≥iq wjia:dj jkafkaf.äfhys r;= meyeh wju jYfhka 50] la j;a olakg ,efnkúgh' wiajkq fk,Sfï° kgqj f.ähg iúù ;sfnk m˙†fk,Sul, hq;=h' kgqj fjka jqjfyd;a we;sjk ;=jd,h ksidtu ia:dkfhka l=Kqùug bv ;sfí' kgqj iuÛ fkÆ ;lald,sfkd.eUqre ,S fmÜá fyda ma,diaála l+vdj, weis¯u l, hq;=hs'fk,d .ekSfuka miqj yels;dla ≥rg m˙yrKh lrk jdr.Kk wvq ls¯fuka ;lald,sj, miq wiajkq ydksh wvqlr .;yelsh'

l uE" fndaxÑ jeks t<jΩ fndfyda úg kdia;s jkafka fï¯uis≥jk ksidh' <má wjia:dfõ° fk,Sfuka fï¯u is≥jkfõ.h wvqlr .; yelsh' tneúka fuu t<jΩ j._ fol lrf,a†. Wm˙u uÜgug m;a jQ jydu wiajkq fk,Su iq≥iqh' lr,msfrk ;=re isáhfyd;a blau◊ka fï¯u is≥jk neúka wmf;ahk m%udKh jeäfõ'

t<jΩ wmf;a hdu j,ld .ekSu

<máj fk,d.;a úg" jeä lr,a .Kkla iEfok neúkaf.dúhdg ;u j.dfjka ,efnk uqΩ wiajekak jeälr .;yelsh'

l nKavlald lr,a" Wm˙u †.g meñ”ug †k follg muKfmr fk,d .ekSfuka fï¯u ksid wmf;a hk m%udKh wvqlr.; yelsh' <máj wiajkq fkÆ úg †k follg jrla ne.skawiajkq fk,sh yels w;r" túg bvfuka ,efnk uqΩ wiajkqm%udKh jeä fõ'

l jegfldΩ" mf;da," lrú, hk t<jΩ wiajkq fk,Sug jvdiq≥iq jkafka tu M, ^lr,a& Wm˙u †.g m;ajk wjia:dfõ°h' M, ms¯fï wjia:dj olajd fk,Su mud l,fyd;ajegfldΩj, fï¯u o" mf;da," lrú,j, b°u o blauka ùuksid fj<| w.h wvqùu iy wdydrhg kqiq≥iq ;;ajhg m;aùuis≥fõ' jegfldΩ iy lrú, ma,diaála n∫kaj, weis˙h yelsw;r" mf;da,j, ueo l=yrhla we;s neúka ;e,Su is≥jqjfyd;amyiqfjka msms¯ug bv ;sfí' tneúka l=vd m%udKfha ñájYfhka weis¯u l, yelsh'

l jïngqj, M,fhys Wm˙u †.g m;a jQ úg" th fk,Sugjvd;a iq≥iq wjia:dj fõ' M, ms¯u olajd isáhfyd;a fï¯uis≥jk ksid ;Fjh my< hhs' <má wjia:dfõ wiajkq fkÆúg †.=ld,Skj bvfuka ,efnk wiajekak jeäùu f.dúhdgjvd jdisodhl fõ' fufia fk,k ,o M, ma,diaála wiqrkj,wiqrd m%jdykhl, yelsh'

l i,do i|yd msms[a[d fhdod .eksug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafkakï" b;d ,má wjia:dfõ° wiajekak fk,d .; hq;=h' fïi|yd M,h iïmQr®K ùug fmr fk,d .; hq;=h' msiSu i|ydNdú;d lrkafka kï ;rula fïrE wjia:dj jvd iq≥iqh' flfiajqjo msg fmd;a; ≥Uqre meye .ekaùug m%:u wiajkq fk,Sujeo.;ah'

64

l îÜ" fkdaflda,a" rdnq jeks t<jΩ kshñ; †k .Kkg miqtkï" ksis m˙† fudard we;súg wiajkq fk,Sfuka .=Kd;aulnúka jeä iy Wiia ;Fjfhka hq;a wiajekakla ,nd.; yelsh'fuu t<jΩ j._hkays wiajkq fk,k úg" Ydlj, m;%fkdlefvk m˙† .,jd .; hq;=h' uv bj;a ls¯u i|yd §w,¶muKla c,fhka fia°u jvd;a iq≥iqh' m;% fkd;ef,k m˙†weis u u.ska fuu t<jΩj, Wiia ;Fjh †k lSmhla wdrCIdlr.; yelsh'

l f.dajdj, f.äh fyd¢ka jeã we;súg wiajekak fk,Sul,hq;=h' jfÜg msysá m;% lsmhla iuÛ m%jdykh ls¯fukaf.ähg is≥jk hdka;s%l ydks fndfyda ≥rg wvqlr .; yelsh'

l ,Slaia Ydlh fyd¢ka jr®Okh jQ úg" m;% fkdlefvk m˙†.,jd uq,a fldgi muKla c,fhka fidaod uv bj;al, yelsh';olr ñá ne£u fkdl< hq;=hs'

l udΩ ñ˙ia lr, jr®Okh jQ úg wiajekak fk,sh hq;=h'fï¯u jeä jQ úg blau◊ka bfok neúka kshñ; wjia:dfõ°wiajekak fk,Su jeo.;ah'

l uql=Kqjekak" lxl=x" f.dgqfld< jeks fld< t<jΩ fï¯ugm%:u wiajekak fk,sh hq;=h' fkÆ fld< fCIa;%fha°u ñá ne|f;;ukh bj;afkdjk fia ;eìh hq;=h'

fk,k wjia:dfõ° ie,ls,su;a ùuiEu t<jΩjlau Wofha ms◊ ys∫kq miq wiajkq fk,Su jvd;auWÑ;h' fld< t<jΩ fCIa;%fha° ;rula §fyandk¶ f;la isgfk¨jfyd;a weis fï° iy m%jdykfha° we;sjk ydksh wvqlr.; yelsh' lsisu wjia:djl° fk,k ,o t<jΩ" fCIa;%fhamia iuÛ .eàug ie,eiaùu iq≥iq ke;' mia ;ejqreKq úg taiuÛ fkdfhl=;a †,Sr yd nelaà˙hd frda.ldrl „ùkawe;=,aùug mqΩjk'

wiajkq fk,sfï° rΩ f,i t<jΩ m˙yrKh fkdlrkak' yelsblau◊ka fk,k ,o t<jΩ fijk iys; ia:dkhlg /f.khkak'

fYa%◊ ls¯u

f;a¯u iy j._ ls¯u fCIa;%fha° wksjdr®hfhkau l, hq;=h'm<uqjeks iy fojeks mka;sh jYfhka u;=msg fmkqu wkqjj._l, yelshs' j._lr úls”fuka jeämqr wdodhula ,nd.;yelsjkjd fukau" m%jdyk ydks iy f,v frda. ksid is≥jkydks o wju lr.; yelsh'

weis¯u

iEu t<jΩjlau is≥re iys; ma,diaála l+vdj, fyda ,E,sj,ska;kk ,o fmÜáj, fyda wiqrkak' tu.ska t<jΩj, ;FjhwdrCId lr.; yelsh' weis fï° rΩ f,i t<jΩ m˙yrKhfkdl< hq;= w;r" wkjYH f,i ;olr Ndckhl weis¯u

fkdl, hq;=hs' ma,diaála n∫ka ks;r ms˙is≥ l, hq;= w;r"weiqreï lsis úfgl;a wõjg fyda jeiaig ksrdjrKh fkdl<hq;=h'

bfok m<;=re iu. ;eîu

t<jΩj,g t;s,Ska jdhqfõ n,mEu b;du;au wys;lr fõ'bfok ;lald,s" flfi,a" wU" w,sfmarj,ska fuu jdhqj msgfõ';djld,sl .nvd ia:dkhl fyda fuu m<;=re" t<jΩ iuÛ;eîfuka m<;=rej,ska msgjk t;s,Ska jdhqjg t<jΩksrdjrKh fõ' tfiajqjfyd;a fï¯u blaukaùu" fld<lymeye ùu" b°u iy t<jΩ úkdYù hEug o by<m%jK;djhla we;' tneúka m%jdykfha° mjd t<jΩ m<;=reiuÛ ñY% fldg m%jdykh ls¯fuka je<lSu jvd;a WÑ;h'

hdka;s%l ydks

ksjer† fï¯fï wjia:dfõ°" m%fõYfuka hq;=j ksis ;;ajmd,khla hgf;a wiajekak fk,k ,o t<jΩ j._ i|yd f,vfrda. je<£fï yelshdj b;d wvqh' flfia fj;;a wiajkqfk,Sfï°" weis fï° iy m%jdykfha° is≥jk ;e,Sï" iS ï jekshdka;s%l ydks ksid f,v frda. je<£u is≥fõ' tksid f,v frda.ur®okh i|yd wksjdr®fhkau hdka;s%l ydks is≥ùu je<elaúhhq;=h'

t<jΩ m%jdykh ls¯fï° m%fõYfuka weis¯ul, hq;=h' rd;S%ld,fha° fyda Woh ld,fha° m%jdykh ls¯fuka wêl f,iWIaKFjh by<hEu j,lajd .; yelshs' ;jo m%jdykfha°wõfjka iy jeiafika wdrCId lr.; hq;=h' jdykh iqugf,i meoùfuka m%jdykfha° we;sjk ydks wvqlr .; yelsh'tfiau nEuo m%fõYfukal, hq;=h'

wm rfgys t<jΩ ksIamdokh wjqreoao uqΩ,af,au is≥jk neúkaYS; ldurj, †.= l,la .nvdlr ;nd .ekSu wkjYHh'fndfyduhla t<jΩ i;s 2 la fyda 3 lg jeä ld,hla .nvdlr;nd.; fkdyelsh' tfia .nvd l,o oe¯ug is≥jk wu;rúhou ksid wdr®:ßl jdisodhl ;Fjhla f.k fkdfoa' jvd;auiq≥iq úl,amh jkafka wjdrfha ksIamdokh ls¯ug ie,iqïls¯uhs'

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