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Patient Information Handout ELBOW ARTHRITIS AND STIFFNESS WHAT IS ELBOW ARTHRITIS AND STIFFNESS? Elbow arthritis without injury is rare, although it does occur. Often times there has been a fracture in the distant past that has caused the damage to the joint surface. This results in loose bodies, stiffness, and arthritis (Figure 1). WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF THE ELBOW ARTHRITIS? Elbow arthritis causes stiffness, pain, and swelling. In particular, the loss of ability to fully extend the elbow out and bend the elbow making it difficult to do even simple activities such as combing one’s hair. ANATOMY OF ELBOW ARTHRITIS: The elbow is a unique joint that allows both flexion and extension as the humerus articulates with the radius and ulna (Figures 2, 3, and 4). WHO HAS ELBOW ARTHRISTIS AND STIFFNESS? As described above, this typically happens in individuals, who have had a history of trauma such as a dislocation or fracture. This could be recent or many years preceding the onset of symptoms. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4

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Patient  Information  Handout  

 

ELBOW  ARTHRITIS  AND  STIFFNESS      WHAT  IS  ELBOW  ARTHRITIS  AND  STIFFNESS?  Elbow  arthritis  without  injury  is  rare,  although  it  does  occur.    Often  times  there  has  been  a  fracture  in  the  distant  past  that  has  caused  the  damage  to  the  joint  surface.    This  results  in  loose  bodies,  stiffness,  and  arthritis  (Figure  1).      

   WHAT  ARE  THE  SYMPTOMS  OF  THE  ELBOW  ARTHRITIS?  Elbow  arthritis  causes  stiffness,  pain,  and  swelling.    In  particular,  the  loss  of  ability  to  fully  extend  the  elbow  out  and  bend  the  elbow  making  it  difficult  to  do  even  simple  activities  such  as  combing  one’s  hair.  

                   

       ANATOMY  OF  ELBOW  ARTHRITIS:  The  elbow  is  a  unique  joint  that  allows  both  flexion  and  extension  as  the  humerus  articulates  with  the  

radius  and  ulna  (Figures  2,  3,  and  4).        WHO  HAS  ELBOW  ARTHRISTIS  AND  STIFFNESS?  As  described  above,  this  typically  happens  in  individuals,  who  have  had  a  history  of  trauma  such  as  a  dislocation  or  fracture.    This  could  be  recent  or  many  years  preceding  the  onset  of  symptoms.        

Figure  1  

Figure  2  

Figure  3  

Figure  4  

Patient  Information  Handout  

 

 HOW  DO  WE  DIAGNOSE  ELBOW  ARTHRITIS  AND  STIFFNESS?  An  X-­‐ray  is  the  most  helpful  way  to  diagnose  elbow  arthritis,  along  with  a  clinical  examination  noticing  significant  stiffness  and  grinding  called  crepitus.  Refer  back  to  Figure  1.    HOW  DO  WE  TREAT  ELBOW  ARTHRITIS  AND  STIFFNESS?    1.                        In  mild  cases  of  arthritis  and  stiffness:    Patients  still  have  enough  function  to  do  their  activities  of  daily  living.  2.                        For  patients,  who  have  locking  and  grinding  and  x-­‐rays  showing  loose  bodies:    Surgery  to  remove  these  either  arthroscopically  or  through  small  open  incisions  can  be  helpful  in  relieving  most  of  the  trouble  and  symptoms.      Figure  5  A  and  B  and  Figure  6,  these  loose  bodies  and  joint  can  block  motion  and  cause  locking.    

PATIENTS  WITH  SEVERE  STIFFNESS  AND/OR  PAIN:  If  patients  have  mainly  stiffness,  but  the  joint  is  well  maintained,  an  open  surgery  to  excise  the  thickened  scar  tissue  can  help  to  regain  motion,  particularly  regaining  ability  to  extend  the  elbow.      

SEVERE  ARTHRITIS  WITH  DESTRUCTION  OF  THE  ELBOW  JOINT:  Elbow  joint  replacement  can  be  very  helpful  in  these  patients.    The  joint  replacements  cannot  withstand  severe  repetitive  loads  and  therefore  are  not  indicated  in  young  active  patients.    These  can  provide  substantial  improvement  in  joint  motion  and  provide  excellent  relief  of  pain  (Figure  7).      

     

 _____________________  Thomas  E.  Trumble,  M.D.    Figures  courtesy  of  Principles  of  Hand  Surgery  and  Therapy  edited  by  Dr.  Trumble      

Figure  5  

Figure  6  

Figure  7