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Eldo Advanced Simulation

Student Workbook

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Table of Contents


Module 1

Introduction to Eldo

Objectives ....................................................................................................................................2

Design New Challenges Due to Nanometer Effects ...................................................................3

Simulation New Challenges ........................................................................................................5

Analog Mixed-Signal Verification ..............................................................................................6

Course Objectives ......................................................................................................................7

Module 2

DC Convergence

Objectives ..................................................................................................................................10

DC Analysis ..............................................................................................................................11

DC Partitioning .........................................................................................................................12

Formulation of Network Equations ...........................................................................................13

Circuit Example ........................................................................................................................14

Corresponding Final Matrix ......................................................................................................15

Newton - Raphson Algorithm ...................................................................................................16

Local Minimum .........................................................................................................................18

High Impedance Node...............................................................................................................19

Low Impedance Node ...............................................................................................................20

Discontinuity in Device.............................................................................................................21

Objectives ..................................................................................................................................22

DC Convergence Aid ................................................................................................................23

DC Convergence Aid Algorithms .............................................................................................24

DC Convergence Aid Mechanisms ..........................................................................................25

GMIN Stepping .........................................................................................................................26

[Simplified] DC Ramping .........................................................................................................27

[Simplified] Transient Ramping ...............................................................................................28

[Damped] Pseudo-Transient......................................................................................................29

Objectives ..................................................................................................................................30

Improve DC Convergence.........................................................................................................31

.IC Command ............................................................................................................................32

.NODESET Command ..............................................................................................................33

.NODESET Is Recommended ...................................................................................................34

.GUESS Command ...................................................................................................................35

Saving Simulation State ............................................................................................................36

.SAVE Command ......................................................................................................................37

Table of Contents


Loading Simulation Information ...............................................................................................39

.SAVE / .USE / .RESTART Examples .....................................................................................40

Objectives ..................................................................................................................................41

DC Convergence Troubleshooting ............................................................................................42

Solving DC Convergence Problems..........................................................................................43

Check for Circuit Connectivity Problems .................................................................................44

Strange DC Results ...................................................................................................................45

Multiple DC Operating Points ..................................................................................................46

How are Voltage Sources Used? ...............................................................................................47

Set up Your Own VMIN/VMAX ..............................................................................................48

.OPTION VMIN/VMAX Effects ..............................................................................................49

Solving DC Non - Convergence Problems ...............................................................................51

Solving Wrong DC Results .......................................................................................................52

Lab Time ...................................................................................................................................53

Summary ...................................................................................................................................54

Module 3

Eldo Classic & Debug

Objectives ..................................................................................................................................56

Three Different Algorithms for Transient .................................................................................57

Finding the Solution of a DAE System .....................................................................................58

TRAP ........................................................................................................................................59

GEAR ........................................................................................................................................60

Backward Euler .........................................................................................................................61

What Is Local Truncation Error (LTE)? ...................................................................................62

Control of Local Truncation Error ............................................................................................63

RELTOL, VNTOL, ABSTOL and CHGTOL Role ..................................................................64

Global Tuning of Accuracy — EPS ..........................................................................................65

TUNING ...................................................................................................................................66

Accuracy and Time Step Control ..............................................................................................67

Changing Accuracy During Simulation ....................................................................................68

Optimize Performance/ Accuracy Compromise .......................................................................70

Local Sub-Circuit Tolerance .....................................................................................................71

Digital Cell Characterization ....................................................................................................72

New Algorithm for Digital Cell Characterization .....................................................................74

.option DCC_tuning Syntax ......................................................................................................75

Accelerate Small Simulations ..................................................................................................76

Table of Contents


Eldo Classic Summary ..............................................................................................................77

Objectives ..................................................................................................................................78

Traditional Debug Information .................................................................................................79

Which Diagnosis Mode For Your Needs? ................................................................................80

Speed/Convergence Bottleneck Analysis ................................................................................81

Learn About Nodes/Devices impacting Time-Step (Perf Mode) ..............................................82

Diagmode Perf Example ...........................................................................................................83

Learn About CPU Time Evaluating Devices Types ................................................................84

Learn About Nodes Responsible For Each Analog Point Calculation .....................................85

Learn About the Characteristics of Devices Connected to Problematic Nodes (tstep mode) ...86

Error Code 2 Causes..................................................................................................................87

Error Code 6 Causes..................................................................................................................88

Error Code 6 Solutions ..............................................................................................................89

Lab Time ...................................................................................................................................90

Summary ...................................................................................................................................91

Module 4

Eldo Premier

Objectives ..................................................................................................................................93

Premier Use Model Allows Quick Adoption ............................................................................94

Eldo Premier Licensing in MT Context: Eldo Classic x2 .........................................................95

Accuracy ...................................................................................................................................96

Eldo Continuous Performance Improvement ...........................................................................97

Speedup Multithreading Scalabity Improvement......................................................................98

Speedup Even Better With Large Designs ................................................................................99

Netlist Support ........................................................................................................................100

Monte Carlo in Premier ..........................................................................................................101

Objectives ................................................................................................................................102

Key Technology Concept: HR2 ..............................................................................................103

Eldo Classic Multi-Threading .................................................................................................104

Eldo Premier Multi-Threading ................................................................................................105

Eldo Premier: Linear Algebra Revisited .................................................................................106

Eldo Classic Interpreted Code .................................................................................................107

Eldo Premier Compiled Optimized Code ...............................................................................108

Eldo Premier Temporary Directory before AMS14.1.............................................................109

Eldo Premier Temporary Files ...............................................................................................110

Automatic Activation of Premier ............................................................................................111

Table of Contents


Objectives ................................................................................................................................113

PREMIER_MODE and Other Accuracy Options ...................................................................114

Device Model Optimization ....................................................................................................115

Small R and C Simplification .................................................................................................116

RCC Netlists - Premier RCC Option ......................................................................................117

Why is Reduction of Parasitic Elements Important? ..............................................................118

Reduction is done by Default ..................................................................................................119

Activates 3 Methods ................................................................................................................120

Reduction Results Example ....................................................................................................121

Simplified Control of Reduction’s Effects ..............................................................................122

Advanced Control of Reduction’s Effects ............................................................................123

Possible Conflicts With Eldo Option ......................................................................................125

Performance Improvements in AMS13.1,13.2 and 14.1 .........................................................126

Circuits Using BCD Processes ................................................................................................127

Large Dense Soc – Premier_HiSpeed Option .........................................................................128

Lab Time .................................................................................................................................129

Summary .................................................................................................................................130

Module 5

Simulation Speedup

Objectives ................................................................................................................................132

Simulation of Large Circuits ...................................................................................................133

Information About Memory and Circuit Size in .chi File .......................................................134

Collapse the Intrinsic MOS Transistor Nodes ........................................................................135

Options to Limit the Size of .chi File ......................................................................................137

Options to Limit the WDB Size ..............................................................................................138

Options to Limit the WDB Size In Transient .........................................................................139

Dynamic Plots .........................................................................................................................141

Programmable Plots ................................................................................................................142

Objectives ................................................................................................................................143

Efficient Multi-Threading in ELDO .......................................................................................144

Introduction to Multi-Threading Technology .........................................................................145

Licensing for Multi-Threading ................................................................................................146

Eldo –use_proc ........................................................................................................................147

Multi-Threading Conditions ...................................................................................................148

Multi-Threading on a Loaded Machine ..................................................................................149

Check Machine Configuration ................................................................................................150

Table of Contents


Importance of Cache Memory ................................................................................................151

Eldo –cntthread ......................................................................................................................152

Objectives ................................................................................................................................153

CPU Time versus Simulation Type ........................................................................................154

.MPRUN — Basic Vocabulary ...............................................................................................155

.MPRUN — Mechanism .........................................................................................................156

.MPRUN — Parallelization of Multi-Run Simulations ..........................................................157

.MPRUN HOST ......................................................................................................................158

.MPRUN MAX_NBJOBS=val ...............................................................................................159

Licensing Mechanism .............................................................................................................160

.MPRUN NBLICENSES=val .................................................................................................161

Simulation Speedup and Other Interesting Features ...............................................................162

Remove Elaboration Bottleneck .............................................................................................163

EXTERNAL DISPATCHERS ................................................................................................164

Running a Single Run Simulation with LSF ...........................................................................165

Running Multiple Run Simulation with LSF ..........................................................................166

Lab Time .................................................................................................................................167

Summary .................................................................................................................................168

Module 6

Automate Design Checking

Objectives ................................................................................................................................170

Use SOA for Automatic Design Checking .............................................................................171

Safe Operating Area (SOA) ....................................................................................................172

Simple Example ......................................................................................................................173

Plotting Safe Operating Area Limits .......................................................................................174

Results Browsing for SOA Violations ...................................................................................175

SOA Identifier Format ............................................................................................................176

Check Syntax for Devices .......................................................................................................177

SOA Device Examples ............................................................................................................178

Check Syntax for Models ........................................................................................................180

Checkable Parameters .............................................................................................................181

Check Syntax for Expressions ................................................................................................182

Conditions in SETSOA ...........................................................................................................183

SOA IF/ELSE Examples .........................................................................................................184

SOA Report .............................................................................................................................185

AMSRB & SOA Report ..........................................................................................................186

Table of Contents


Cross-Probing & Highlighting ................................................................................................187

SETSOA Static_Check Syntax ...............................................................................................188

SETSOA Static_Check Example ............................................................................................189

Reduce the CPU Time ............................................................................................................190

CHECKSOA Other Syntax .....................................................................................................192

Objectives ................................................................................................................................193

Introduction to High Impedance .............................................................................................194

High Impedance Node Checks ................................................................................................195

Algorithm Details ....................................................................................................................196

High Impedance Slow Down Factor .......................................................................................197

.HiZ R ......................................................................................................................................198

.HiZ TWINDOW ...................................................................................................................199

.HiZ TWINDOW Effect .........................................................................................................200

.HiZ TYPE ..............................................................................................................................201

.HiZ SCOPE ............................................................................................................................202

.HIZ SCOPE Effect .................................................................................................................203

High Impedance Detection Configuration ..............................................................................204

Example – Pass Gate ..............................................................................................................205

HiZ Plots with EZWave ..........................................................................................................206

Make the HiZ Report Reading Easy .......................................................................................208

How to Start? ..........................................................................................................................209

Lab Time .................................................................................................................................210

Summary .................................................................................................................................211

Module 7

Extract Essentials

Objectives ................................................................................................................................213

Agenda ....................................................................................................................................214

Eldo Post-Processing Generalities ..........................................................................................215

EZwave Measurement Tool ....................................................................................................216

Eldo Post-Processing Capabilities ..........................................................................................217

Wave Definition With .DEFWAVE .......................................................................................218

Wave Expression Usage ..........................................................................................................220

Maximum of Long List of Waveforms ...................................................................................221

Macro Definition and Use .......................................................................................................222

Using Macros for DEFWAVE and Controlled Sources .........................................................223

Simulation Outputs .................................................................................................................224

Table of Contents


Objectives ................................................................................................................................226

Measurements in Eldo .............................................................................................................227

YVAL, AVERAGE, MIN and MAX Functions .....................................................................228

EXTRACT YVAL Syntax — LABEL ...................................................................................229

Y-axis Value of a Waveform ..................................................................................................230

Errors in Extract Statements ...................................................................................................231

Extract Outputs........................................................................................................................232

Results Browsing for Extract ..................................................................................................233

AVERAGE, MIN and MAX Usage ........................................................................................234

Display Yval Extracted Data as a Waveform .........................................................................235

Expression Parameter .............................................................................................................236

EXTRACT With Wildcards ....................................................................................................237

Recursive EXTRACT for Subcircuits .....................................................................................238

Recursive and Wildcard Example ...........................................................................................239

Large Scope of Application ....................................................................................................240

Objectives ................................................................................................................................241

Fall/Rise Time, Period, Frequency Measurements .................................................................242

Occurrences / Which Value is Returned? ...............................................................................244

Returns X-axis value at a Crossing Point ................................................................................245

Returns a X-axis value with EZwave .....................................................................................246

Extract the Number of Edges .................................................................................................247

Settling Time Definition .........................................................................................................249

Settling Time Extraction .........................................................................................................250

Overshoot/Undershoot Measurement......................................................................................251

Overshoot/Undershoot Extract ................................................................................................252

Propagation Delay Measurement ............................................................................................253

Launching an OP Analysis at a Time Determined by an Extract ...........................................255

Lab Time .................................................................................................................................257

Summary .................................................................................................................................258

Module 8

Extract Syntax

Objectives ................................................................................................................................260

AC Extract Examples ..............................................................................................................261

Extract Frequency at Which Maximum y-value Occurs .........................................................262

Opamp: Trade-off Between Bandwidth and Stability .............................................................263

Gain and Phase Margin with EZwave .....................................................................................264

Table of Contents


Gain Margin Calculation .........................................................................................................265

XYCOND Function ...............................................................................................................266

CROSSING & XTHRES Functions ......................................................................................267

Gain and Phase Margin with EXTRACT ...............................................................................268

Gain and Phase Margins Results .............................................................................................269

Objectives ................................................................................................................................270

DC Extract Generalities ..........................................................................................................271

P() — Extracting Global Parameter Value..............................................................................272

M() — Extracting Model Parameter Value .............................................................................273

Extract Device and Model Parameters ....................................................................................274

Extracting BJT Characteristics ................................................................................................275

Extract the Computed Value of a Dipole ................................................................................276

Operation Region of a Transistor in a Subckt .........................................................................277

Operating Point at a Specific Time .........................................................................................278

Output EXTRACT Values in a Vector after a Simulation with Several Operating Points

Performed ................................................................................................................................279

Operating Point at a Specific Time ........................................................................................280

Objectives ................................................................................................................................282

Sweep Analysis Generalities ...................................................................................................283

Sweep Analysis Example .......................................................................................................285

Min and Max of an Extract over Multiple Sweeps .................................................................286

Removing an EXTRACT From an ALTER............................................................................287

Objectives ................................................................................................................................288

Number of EXTRACTs – Side Effects ...................................................................................289

Post-Simulation Extraction .....................................................................................................290

Reduce the Simulation Time with Autostop ...........................................................................292

Using Autostop with VECT EXTRACT ................................................................................293

Vector Size versus Number of Runs .......................................................................................294

General Extraction Language Summary (GEL) ......................................................................295

Transient Extraction Language (TEL) Functions ...................................................................296

TEL versus GEL before AMS15.3 .........................................................................................297

TEL: BEFORE, AFTER, OCCUR Examples .........................................................................298

Reduce the Measurement Window .........................................................................................299

MEAS Generalities .................................................................................................................301

Fundamental Measurements With .Meas ................................................................................302

One Possible .MEAS Definition .............................................................................................303

Table of Contents


Summary of Best Performance Settings .................................................................................304

Objectives ................................................................................................................................305

Tcl Concept .............................................................................................................................306

Recommended Flow................................................................................................................307

Extending Eldo With Tcl ........................................................................................................308

Tcl Usage — Macros versus Post-Processing .........................................................................309

.USE_TCL Command .............................................................................................................310

Creating Macro-Like UDFs With Tcl .....................................................................................311

wfc Function ...........................................................................................................................312

More Complex Example of wfc Usage ..................................................................................313

Extract Time When Duty Cycle is Greater Than Threshold ...................................................314

Extract Time When Duty Cycle is Greater Than Threshold (CONT.) ...................................315

Extract Time When Duty Cycle is Greater Than Threshold (CONT.) ...................................316

Modify a Waveform Performing Window AVG ....................................................................317

Check the Linearity of a Waveform – Step 1 .........................................................................320

How to Check the Linearity of a Waveform – Step 2 .............................................................321

Lab Time .................................................................................................................................322

Summary .................................................................................................................................323

Module 9

Eldo Control Language Essentials

Objectives ................................................................................................................................325

Eldo Control Language — ECL ..............................................................................................326

ECL - A User Friendly Language ...........................................................................................327

ECL Overview ........................................................................................................................328

Where to Start? ........................................................................................................................329

Global Structure of an ECL Netlist ........................................................................................330

Objectives ................................................................................................................................331

Testbench Summary ................................................................................................................332

Testbench Definition & Instantiation ......................................................................................333

Testbench Definition Example (Without Parameter) ..............................................................334

Testbench Definition Example (With a Parameter) ................................................................335

Testbench Definition and Instantiation ...................................................................................336

Objectives ................................................................................................................................337

Task Definition........................................................................................................................338

Task with Parameters ..............................................................................................................339

Task with Main Netlist ............................................................................................................340

Table of Contents


Task with Main Netlist and Simulation Output ......................................................................341

Task Definition and Instantiation – Summary ........................................................................342

Objectives ................................................................................................................................343

Defining and Running Simulations .........................................................................................344

Simulation Return Data Structure ...........................................................................................345

Simulation Example ................................................................................................................346

Simulation Result Files ...........................................................................................................347

Collecting Simulation Results .................................................................................................348

Managing Waveform Results in ECL .....................................................................................349

Simple Task Example .............................................................................................................350

Objectives ................................................................................................................................351

Debugging ECL Tasks ............................................................................................................352

Simulation Options .................................................................................................................354

ECL Limitations ......................................................................................................................355

Lab Time .................................................................................................................................356

Module 10

Eldo Control Language Detailed Task Syntax

Objectives ................................................................................................................................358

Comments — Line Breaks ......................................................................................................359

Variables .................................................................................................................................360

File Output with fprint ............................................................................................................362

fprint – f format caveat ............................................................................................................365

Complex Numbers ..................................................................................................................366

Strings .....................................................................................................................................367

Waveforms ..............................................................................................................................368

Post-processing a Waveform...................................................................................................369

Vector ......................................................................................................................................370

One-Dimensional Vector ........................................................................................................371

Vectors and Memory Management .........................................................................................375

Multi-Dimensional Vector ......................................................................................................376

Constants .................................................................................................................................377

Objectives ................................................................................................................................378

Flow Control ...........................................................................................................................379

Flow Control — While and For Loops ...................................................................................380

Flow Control — Incremental Loop .........................................................................................381

Flow Control — Linear Step ...................................................................................................382

Table of Contents


Flow Control — Log Step .......................................................................................................383

Flow Control — List Step .......................................................................................................384

Objectives ................................................................................................................................385

Function ..................................................................................................................................386

Recursive Function and Task Example ..................................................................................387

Library of Built-in Functions ..................................................................................................388

System() function ....................................................................................................................389

Objectives ................................................................................................................................390

Parallelism in ECL ..................................................................................................................391

Parallelism in ECL (New in AMS13.1) ..................................................................................392

Avoiding Concurrency Issues with ECL ................................................................................393

Parallel Task Example.............................................................................................................394

Objectives ................................................................................................................................395

Complete ECL Example .........................................................................................................396

With a Drawing… ...................................................................................................................397

Measurements .........................................................................................................................398

Simplified Flow .......................................................................................................................400

Step #1 Uses the run_nominal() Testbench ............................................................................401

Step #2 Uses the run_optim() Testbench ................................................................................402

Complete Run() Task ..............................................................................................................403

Global Structure of the Netlist ...............................................................................................404

Lab Time .................................................................................................................................405

Summary .................................................................................................................................406

Module 11

Eldo Control Language Advanced Topics

Objectives ................................................................................................................................408

Simulation Dynamic Control – The Need ...............................................................................409

Simulation Dynamic Control ..................................................................................................410

Simulation Dynamic Control – Callback Mechanism ............................................................411

Simulation Dynamic Control – Callback Call Criteria ...........................................................412

Simulation Dynamic Control – Callback Definition ...............................................................413

Simulation Dynamic Control - Extended Simulation Functions ...........................................414

Simulation Dynamic Control – Callback vs ESF Example ....................................................415

Objectives ................................................................................................................................416

ECL and Monte-Carlo Simulations .........................................................................................417

ECL & Monte-Carlo Simulations: Eldo Controls the Loop....................................................418

Table of Contents


ECL & .MC - Eldo Controls The Loop - Example .................................................................419

ECL & Monte-Carlo Simulations: ECL Controls the Loop....................................................420

ECL & .MC – ECL Controls The Loop - Example ................................................................421

Controlling Monte-Carlo Simulation with ECL .....................................................................422

Monte-Carlo Simulation Fine Control Flow ...........................................................................423

Objectives ................................................................................................................................424

Example – PLL Lock Time .....................................................................................................425

Eldo Control Language ...........................................................................................................426

ECL .........................................................................................................................................427

ECL Text Output .....................................................................................................................430

Build Waveform ......................................................................................................................431

ECL Scenario ..........................................................................................................................432

ECL Code – Load the Netlist ..................................................................................................433

ECL Code – Run N cycles ......................................................................................................434

ECL Code – Retrieve the Crossing Times ..............................................................................435

ECL Code – Compute the Jitter ..............................................................................................436

ECL Code – Decide to Run Another N Cycles, or Stop .........................................................437

ECL – Simple Waveform Creation .........................................................................................438

ECL Code – wset_values ........................................................................................................439

Execution.................................................................................................................................440

Graphical Outputs ...................................................................................................................441

Summary .................................................................................................................................442

Module 12

Statistical Tools

Objectives ................................................................................................................................444

Need for Statistical Simulations ..............................................................................................445

Monte Carlo Simulation Principles .........................................................................................446

Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) ...............................................................................447

Probability Distribution Function — PDF ..............................................................................448

The Mean ...............................................................................................................................449

The Variance ...........................................................................................................................450

The Standard Deviation...........................................................................................................451

Skewness Definition ...............................................................................................................452

Kurtosis Definition ..................................................................................................................453

Objectives ................................................................................................................................454

PDF of Standard Normal Distribution ....................................................................................455

Table of Contents


From Standard Normal to Normal ..........................................................................................456

CDF of Standard Normal Distribution ...................................................................................457

Is Normality Propagated in a Circuit ? ....................................................................................458

Example — Not Everything is Normal ..................................................................................460

Log-Normal Distribution ......................................................................................................461

Example — Monte Carlo Netlist ............................................................................................463

Example — Log-Normal Distribution ....................................................................................464

Example — Log() of the Current ............................................................................................465

Conclusion for Log-Normal Distribution................................................................................466

Normality Tests With KS ........................................................................................................467

Objectives ................................................................................................................................468

Estimation Problem .................................................................................................................469

Estimation of the Expectation .................................................................................................470

Sample Mean Estimator is Unbiased ......................................................................................471

Estimation of the Variance — Known µ .................................................................................472

Estimation of the Variance — Unknown µ .............................................................................473

Estimation of the Standard Deviation .....................................................................................475

Sample Mean Convergence.....................................................................................................476

Central Limit Theorem (CLT) Introduction ............................................................................477

Central Limit Theorem (CLT) ................................................................................................478

Sample Mean: Convergence Type and Rate ...........................................................................479

Conclusion ..............................................................................................................................481

Summary .................................................................................................................................482

Module 13

Confidence Interval

Objectives ................................................................................................................................484

Experimental Verification ......................................................................................................485

Real Meaning of Confidence ..................................................................................................486

Probability and Confidence Interval .......................................................................................487

A bit of theoryConfidence Interval Concept ...........................................................................488

Some General Remarks ...........................................................................................................489

Relative Accuracy versus Sigma/Mean ..................................................................................490

Confidence Interval Accuracy.................................................................................................492

Practical Implementation: AVG Confidence Technique ........................................................493

Objectives ................................................................................................................................494

Complex Case: Variance .........................................................................................................495

Table of Contents


New Distribution is Needed ....................................................................................................496

The ?2 Distribution .................................................................................................................497

Chi Squared Table ...................................................................................................................498

Normal Case Example.............................................................................................................499

Practical Implementation: STD Confidence Technique .........................................................501

Objectives ................................................................................................................................502

Bootstrap Technique Introduction...........................................................................................503

Bootstrap Technique Overview...............................................................................................504

New Collection of Samples .....................................................................................................505

Bootstrap Collection Example ................................................................................................506

Sample Mean or Variance Computation .................................................................................507

Error Estimation ......................................................................................................................508

Confidence Interval Based on Bootstrap Results ....................................................................509

Confidence Interval Representation ........................................................................................510

Recapitulation .........................................................................................................................511

Lab Time .................................................................................................................................512

Summary .................................................................................................................................513

Objectives ................................................................................................................................515

DEV/LOT Correlation ............................................................................................................516

Definition of Parameters Variation With .MODEL ................................................................517

Distribution Types ...................................................................................................................518

User-Defined Distribution .......................................................................................................519

Model Parameter Defined With .MODEL and .MCMOD ......................................................520

Monte Carlo Parameter Defined With .PARAM — DEV and DEVX ..................................521

Correlation Coefficient Between Parameters ........................................................................522

.CORREL PARAM Example .................................................................................................523

.MC Sampling Parameters ......................................................................................................524

Module Objectives ..................................................................................................................525

Standard Monte Carlo .............................................................................................................526

DATAFLOW=1 ......................................................................................................................527

Simple Monte Carlo Example .................................................................................................528

Standard Monte Carlo Outputs ...............................................................................................529

Bootstrap Confidence Example...............................................................................................530

PDF and CDF Curves Available Automatically .....................................................................531

New Histogram Presentation Starting AMS13.1 ....................................................................532

Histogram Expansion ..............................................................................................................533

Table of Contents


EZwave Histogram Annotations & Stat Legend .....................................................................534


How Many MC Runs? ............................................................................................................536

Incremental Monte Carlo ........................................................................................................537

Display Evolution of Monte Carlo Run ..................................................................................538

Incremental Monte Carlo Syntax ............................................................................................539

Save/Restart Mechanism .........................................................................................................540

Save/Restart Example .............................................................................................................541


Monte Carlo Convergence Monitoring ...................................................................................543

Settling Algorithm Concept ....................................................................................................544

Run_Length Control ..............................................................................................................545

Settling Example .....................................................................................................................546

Complete Settling Syntax ........................................................................................................547

Settling Algorithm Tuning ......................................................................................................548

Confidence Algorithm Concept ..............................................................................................549

Confidence Example ...............................................................................................................550

Complete Confidence Syntax ..................................................................................................551

Confidence Algorithm Tuning ................................................................................................552

Results on the Provided Example ...........................................................................................553


Introduction to Sensitivity .......................................................................................................555

Sensitivity Analysis .................................................................................................................556

Important Parameters ..............................................................................................................557

Sensitivity Analysis Concept ..................................................................................................558

Global Sensitivity ....................................................................................................................559

Global Sensitivity Results .......................................................................................................560

Standard MC and Global Sensitivity results ...........................................................................561

Large Scale Screening .............................................................................................................562

Large Scale Screening Results ...............................................................................................563

Global Sensitivity and Lars Results ........................................................................................564

Large Scale Screening References ..........................................................................................565

Lab Time .................................................................................................................................566

Summary .................................................................................................................................567

Objectives ................................................................................................................................569

Lower/Upper Specification .....................................................................................................570

Table of Contents


Specific Extract Functions ......................................................................................................571

ICARLO and NBCARLO Specifications ...............................................................................573

Monte Carlo Index .................................................................................................................574

Monte Carlo Helpful Options ................................................................................................576

Help to Solve Errors in Extract Statements ............................................................................577

Objectives ................................................................................................................................578

Sampling Plan for Standard Monte Carlo ...............................................................................579

Monte Carlo Sampling Methods .............................................................................................580

Purpose of Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) ........................................................................581

Two Dimensions Case ............................................................................................................582

X and Y Dimension .................................................................................................................583

LHS Final Coverage ................................................................................................................584

LHS Is Not Worst/Extreme Case – Not Even Close ...............................................................585

Guidelines When Choosing LHS ............................................................................................586

LHS Example using monte_carlo_sensitivity.cir ....................................................................587

LHS and Sensitivity with Lars Algorithm (Sens=3) ..............................................................588

.MC SAMPLING=LHS Summary ..........................................................................................589

Objectives ................................................................................................................................590

Purpose of Super Saturated Design (SSD) ..............................................................................591

Three Distinct Steps ................................................................................................................592

Modeling Accuracy .................................................................................................................594

Guidelines When Choosing SSD ............................................................................................595

Sampling SSD versus RAND .................................................................................................596

.MC SAMPLING=SSD Summary ..........................................................................................597

Objectives ................................................................................................................................598

Purpose of Importance Sampling Monte Carlo (ISMC) .........................................................599

.MC SAMPLING=ISMC ......................................................................................................600

Monte Carlo Acceleration for Rare Events .............................................................................601

Failure Probability using MCPROB .......................................................................................602

Example of MCPROB Definition ...........................................................................................603

Probability Results with Standard MC ....................................................................................604

Monte Carlo Acceleration for Rare Events (ISMC) ...............................................................605

Guidelines When Choosing ISMC ..........................................................................................606

Lab Time .................................................................................................................................607

MGC Examples .......................................................................................................................608

Summary .................................................................................................................................609

Table of Contents


Module 16

Other Sensitivities

Objectives ................................................................................................................................611

Nothing is as Easy as it Looks ................................................................................................612

DC Mismatch ..........................................................................................................................613

DC Mismatch Definition .........................................................................................................614

DC Mismatch Results .............................................................................................................615

Subcircuit Parameter Sensitivity - .SENSPARAM .................................................................616

Sensitivity Analysis of Sub-Circuit Parameters (.SENSPARAM) .........................................617

.SENSPARAM Results ...........................................................................................................618

.SENS TRAN ..........................................................................................................................619

Transient Sensitivity Analysis (.SENS TRAN) ......................................................................620

.SENS TRAN Results .............................................................................................................622

Objectives ................................................................................................................................623

Screening Analysis ..................................................................................................................624

.DEX — Design of Experiment ..............................................................................................625

.DEX DESIGN Parameter .......................................................................................................626

.DEX Syntax ...........................................................................................................................627

.PARAMDEX .........................................................................................................................628

PARAMDEX Example ...........................................................................................................629

DEX Results ............................................................................................................................630

Lab Time .................................................................................................................................631

Summary .................................................................................................................................632

Module 17

Electro-Thermal Simulation

Objectives ................................................................................................................................634

Thermal Effects in ICs ............................................................................................................635

Device Temperature Fluctuation .............................................................................................636

Thermal Effects Performance Failure .....................................................................................639

Classical Temperature Handling .............................................................................................640

Solution Before AMS15.3 .......................................................................................................641

New Eldo Solution Starting AMS15.3 ....................................................................................642

Electro-Thermal Simulation Flow...........................................................................................643

Objectives ................................................................................................................................644

True Electro-Thermal Principle ..............................................................................................645

Interconnected Subcircuits Example ......................................................................................646

Table of Contents


Additional Outputs Available .................................................................................................647

Electro-thermal Simulation Mode: ETMODE=1 ...................................................................648

Electro-thermal Simulation Mode: ETMODE=2 ...................................................................649

.TEMPNODE Syntax ..............................................................................................................650

.TEMPNODE Rules ................................................................................................................651

.TEMPNODE Limitations ......................................................................................................652

Sorting of Thermal Contributors .............................................................................................653

No Heat Contributing Devices ................................................................................................654

Objectives ................................................................................................................................655

PLL Jitter Degradation Due to Thermal Coupling ..................................................................656

The PLL and Its Aggressors ....................................................................................................659

Nominal PLL Response (T=27C,No Electro-Thermal) ..........................................................660

Open–loop VCO Response To Temperature Changes............................................................662

Closed-loop Response to a Temperature Step ........................................................................663

Visualizing Electro-Thermal Results ......................................................................................664

Buffers Activity Creates Temperature Fluctuations ...............................................................665

VCO Local Temperature .........................................................................................................666

Thermal PLL Response ...........................................................................................................667

Electro Thermal Flow Summary .............................................................................................668

Summary .................................................................................................................................669

Module 18

Noise Analysis

Objectives ................................................................................................................................671

Noise Analysis ........................................................................................................................672

Definition of Input Noise ........................................................................................................673

Noise Sources ..........................................................................................................................674

AC and Transient Noise Source Examples .............................................................................676

Creating a Noise Source From RMS or Peak-to-Peak Specs ..................................................677

Added Noise Sources ..............................................................................................................678

Noise Models for Resistors, Diodes, and BJTs .......................................................................679

Noise Model for MOS Transistors ..........................................................................................680

Specifying Eldo Noise Model for BSIM3v3 MOS .................................................................681


AC Noise Analysis Overview .................................................................................................683

AC Noise Analysis Definition ................................................................................................684

NOISE at the Middle of the TRAN ........................................................................................685

Table of Contents



AC NOISE Results ..................................................................................................................687

Formatting AC Noise Results .................................................................................................691

AC Spot Noise Figure (SNF) Measurement ...........................................................................693

Summary .................................................................................................................................694

Module 19

Transient Noise Analysis

Objectives ................................................................................................................................696

Noise Analyses in Eldo ...........................................................................................................697

.SSTNOISE vs .NOISE Analyses ...........................................................................................698

Why a Transient Noise Analysis? ...........................................................................................700

Transient Noise Advantages ...................................................................................................701

Noise Analyses Summary .......................................................................................................702

Transient Noise Algorithm ......................................................................................................703

Objectives ................................................................................................................................704

NOISETRAN Analysis on Amplifier .....................................................................................705

Noisetran Result ......................................................................................................................706

Transient Noise Analysis Results ..........................................................................................707

Example of Noisy Trajectories................................................................................................708

Objectives ................................................................................................................................709

Transient Noise Analysis Syntax ............................................................................................710

Typical RMS(t) Output ...........................................................................................................711

TSTOP Value From the .TRAN Command ............................................................................712

NBRUN — Number of Runs For RMS Noise Output ............................................................713

Limitations of Single Run Algorithm (When MRUN Is Not Used) .......................................714

MRUN — Use Multiple Runs Algorithm ...............................................................................715

FMAX: Main Factor to Increase Accuracy .............................................................................716

FMIN: Algorithms Selector ...................................................................................................717

New Transient Noise Algorithm (FMIN=0) ...........................................................................718

Original Transient Noise Algorithm (FMIN>0) .....................................................................719

Transient Noise Algorithm (FMIN > 0)White Noise With NBF=3 and NBF=50 ..................720

Speeding Up Transient Noise Analysis...................................................................................721

Transient Noise in Eldo Premier .............................................................................................723

Extract Noise Commands ........................................................................................................724

Objectives ................................................................................................................................725

Comparing Different Noise Analyses Results ........................................................................726

Table of Contents


AC NOISE Analysis on Amplifier ..........................................................................................727

SSTNOISE Analysis on Amplifier .........................................................................................729

Which Settings Are Important? ...............................................................................................730

Transient Noise Summary .......................................................................................................732

Lab Time .................................................................................................................................733

Summary .................................................................................................................................734

Module 20

Transient Noise Results

Objectives ................................................................................................................................736

Phase Noise and Jitter .............................................................................................................737

Noise Modeling .......................................................................................................................738

Long Term Jitter — Introduction ............................................................................................739

Long Term Jitter — Definition ...............................................................................................740

Long Term Jitter — Assumptions ...........................................................................................741

Long Term Jitter ......................................................................................................................742

Long Term Jitter with 1/f Noise ..............................................................................................743

Other Useful Jitter Expressions ...............................................................................................744

Phase Noise .............................................................................................................................745

L(f) Definition .........................................................................................................................746

L(f) : PSD of the Output Signal .............................................................................................747

SPHI(f) Definition ...................................................................................................................748

L(f) and SPHI(f) ......................................................................................................................749

Phase Noise Quantities ............................................................................................................750

Computing Long-Term Jitter From Phase Noise ....................................................................751

Jitter for PLLs .........................................................................................................................752

Clock Recovery PLLs .............................................................................................................755

General Case ...........................................................................................................................756

Objectives ................................................................................................................................758

Measuring PLL Phase Noise Spectrum Through .NOISETRAN ...........................................759

Transient Simulation Until PLL Steady-State ........................................................................760

Transient Noise Simulation at Steady-State ............................................................................761

Measuring Jitter From .NOISETRAN Results in EZwave .....................................................762

Jitter Toolbox in EZwave ........................................................................................................763

Tools > Jitter Examples ...........................................................................................................764

Objectives ................................................................................................................................765

.SSTNOISE Measurement ......................................................................................................766

Table of Contents


PHNOISE Results: .NOISETRAN Versus .SSTNOISE.........................................................767

Measuring PLL Jitter Through .SSTNOISE ...........................................................................768

Long-Term Jitter Measurement in EZwave Versus LT_JITTER from .SSTNOISE Analysis769

Lab Time .................................................................................................................................770

Summary .................................................................................................................................771

Module 21

Reliability Analysis (UDRM)

Objectives ................................................................................................................................773

Aging Reliability: Industry-Wide Issue ..................................................................................774

What Is Aging? .......................................................................................................................775

Hot Carrier Injection — NMOS ..............................................................................................776

Bias Temperature Instability — PMOS ..................................................................................777

Introduction to Reliability Analysis ........................................................................................778

What Does the Analysis Provide? ...........................................................................................779

Verification Flow Incorporating Reliability............................................................................780

Flow Description .....................................................................................................................781


New Eldo Functions and Commands .....................................................................................783

Using Reliability Analysis in Eldo ..........................................................................................784

AMS15.1:Extension to Verilog-A ..........................................................................................785

AMS15.3 – Extension to Non-Active Elements .....................................................................786

.AGEMODEL Parameters.......................................................................................................787

.AGEMODEL versus .MODEL ..............................................................................................788

Main .AGE Parameters ...........................................................................................................789

Reliability Repetitive Scheme Flow Chart ..............................................................................790

Monitoring Outputs .................................................................................................................791

Digital (Ring Oscillator) Example ..........................................................................................793

Additional Features .................................................................................................................794

Sorted Degradation Summary .................................................................................................795

Aging Sensitivity .....................................................................................................................796

Aging Simulations Performance Improvement .......................................................................797


Implementation .......................................................................................................................799

Stress Model ............................................................................................................................800

HC Stress Models ....................................................................................................................801

NBTI Stress Models ................................................................................................................802

Table of Contents


Updated Models ......................................................................................................................803

HC Update Models ..................................................................................................................804

NBTI Update Models ..............................................................................................................805

UDRM Interface......................................................................................................................806

First User — Defined Function ...............................................................................................807

Next User — Defined Functions .............................................................................................808

Step 1 — Run a Fresh Transient Simulation ..........................................................................809

Step 2 — Calculate the Stress of Each Device .......................................................................810

Step 3 — Calculate the Delta Change .....................................................................................811

Step 4 — Run the Final Degraded Simulation ........................................................................812

Interface Functions ..................................................................................................................813

Hot Carrier — Stress Model Template ...................................................................................814

Device Model Saved Quantities ..............................................................................................815

Hot Carrier — Update Model Template .................................................................................816

Compiling a Reliability Model ...............................................................................................817

Model Debugging Hints ..........................................................................................................818

Summary — Reliability Analysis in Eldo ...............................................................................819

Lab Time .................................................................................................................................820

Summary .................................................................................................................................821

Module 22

Optimization

Objectives ................................................................................................................................823

Why Optimization May be Needed.........................................................................................824

Optimization Flow ..................................................................................................................825

Simulator / Optimizer Interactions ..........................................................................................826

Optimization in Eldo ...............................................................................................................827

Netlist Example .......................................................................................................................828

How to Start ............................................................................................................................829

Objectives ................................................................................................................................830

Default Optimization Algorithm .............................................................................................831

How to Define an Appropriate Model ....................................................................................832

Step 1 : Defining Design Parameters ......................................................................................833

Discretization of Final Parameter............................................................................................834

Parameter Types ......................................................................................................................835

Scaling Variables — Automatic Scaling.................................................................................836

Scaling Variables — Manual Scaling .....................................................................................837

Table of Contents


Defining Tracking Parameters With .CORREL EXPR ..........................................................838

Step 2: Defining a Target ........................................................................................................839

Target Example .......................................................................................................................840

.Objective Syntax ...................................................................................................................841

Scaling Design Objectives ......................................................................................................843

Step 3 : Defining an Optimization ..........................................................................................844

Optimizing Noise Figure Example .........................................................................................845

Optimizing Input Match Example ..........................................................................................846

Multi-Point Objectives Curve Fitting Example ......................................................................847

Objectives ................................................................................................................................848

Step 4 : Eldo Optimizer Results ..............................................................................................849

How to Access to Different Parts of .otm File ........................................................................850

Reports Key Information.........................................................................................................851

Status Code Messages ............................................................................................................853

Displaying Optimization Results in EZwave ..........................................................................854

Reuse the Optimized Values ...................................................................................................855

Other Optimizer Options ........................................................................................................856

Troubleshooting an Optimization Problem .............................................................................857

Objectives ................................................................................................................................858

Global and Local Solution ......................................................................................................859

Multi-Corner Optimization – Default Behavior ......................................................................860

Multi-Corner Optimization – Outer Parameters .....................................................................861

Other Optimization Methods .................................................................................................862

One Dimensional Problem Example .......................................................................................863

Bisection Results .....................................................................................................................864

Secant Results .........................................................................................................................865

Bisection versus Secant ...........................................................................................................866

Search Method for Optimization .............................................................................................867

Lab Time .................................................................................................................................869

Summary .................................................................................................................................870

Module 23

Post Layout Simulation

Objectives ................................................................................................................................872

Introduction .............................................................................................................................873

What Is a Net After Extraction? ..............................................................................................874

Coupling Further Complicates Reduction ..............................................................................875

Table of Contents


Distributed Resistance ............................................................................................................876

Coupling Plus Intrinsic ...........................................................................................................877

Resistance, Capacitance, and Coupled Cap ..........................................................................878

Objectives ................................................................................................................................879

DSPF File Overview ...............................................................................................................880

DSPF File Net Parasitic Section .............................................................................................881

Schematic Inverter ................................................................................................................882

Schematic Inverter With Parasitics .........................................................................................883

.DSPF_include DEV=SCH .....................................................................................................884

Schematic Mode Summary .....................................................................................................885

Applies to Mode DEV=SCH Only ..........................................................................................886

What Is a Post Layout MOS After Extraction? .....................................................................887

DSPF_include DEV=DSPF ....................................................................................................889

Layout Mode Summary...........................................................................................................890

Mixed Mode ............................................................................................................................891

Why Mixed Mode is not the Default? .....................................................................................892

Multi Simulations Are Supported ...........................................................................................893

Example using AMS14.1 ........................................................................................................894

How to Deal With Non-Existing Nodes .................................................................................895

Standard Parasitic Exchange Format ......................................................................................896

Objectives ................................................................................................................................897

Extracting Multiple Parasitic Netlists From One Parasitic Networks Database .....................898

Apply DSPF_INCLUDE Filters .............................................................................................899

Remove Components By Threshold Setting ...........................................................................900

No Convergence During Post-Layout Simulation ..................................................................902

Lab Time .................................................................................................................................903

Summary .................................................................................................................................904

Module 24

Conclusion

Objectives ................................................................................................................................906

Documentation ........................................................................................................................907

Search Results Example ..........................................................................................................908

Stemming Support ...................................................................................................................909

Mentor Graphics Support ........................................................................................................910

Your First Supportnet Visit: Choose Your Product ...............................................................911

Open a Service Request ..........................................................................................................912

Table of Contents


Overview: All About Your Product ........................................................................................913

New Release Conventions.......................................................................................................914

What About the Next Releases? .............................................................................................915

Appendix A

Models

Objectives ................................................................................................................................917

Model Libraries Introduction ..................................................................................................918

Model Library Syntax .............................................................................................................919

MOS Model — Binning ..........................................................................................................920

More and More Effects are Included ......................................................................................922

Model File Selection ...............................................................................................................923

Library Overview ....................................................................................................................924

.INCLUDE Command ............................................................................................................925

.INCLUDE and Monte Carlo ..................................................................................................926

Simple Definition With .LIB...................................................................................................927

Library Definition With .LIB KEY ........................................................................................929

Delete Library With .DEL ......................................................................................................930

Basic Library Encryption .......................................................................................................931

Advanced Library Encryption .................................................................................................932

IP Protection for the Foundry ..................................................................................................933

IP Protection for the User ........................................................................................................934

Objectives ................................................................................................................................935

Using Behavioral Verilog-A Models Within Eldo..................................................................936

Use of a Verilog-A Model in a Netlist ....................................................................................937

Example - Verilog-A Model in a Netlist .................................................................................938

Hierarchical Verilog-A Model Example .................................................................................939

Verilog-A Model Example ......................................................................................................940

Generic and Param Usage .......................................................................................................941

Compilation .............................................................................................................................942

Case of Compiled Library Not in the Current Directory ........................................................943

CommLib QuickStart Verilog-A.............................................................................................944

.HDL Command for VerilogA as X-Statements .....................................................................945

Objectives ................................................................................................................................946

Spectre Compatibility..............................................................................................................947

Working with Multiple Languages .........................................................................................948

Objectives ................................................................................................................................949

Table of Contents


EldoD_sp Generalities ............................................................................................................950

EldoD_sp Procedure................................................................................................................951

EldoD_sp Outputs ...................................................................................................................952

Objectives ................................................................................................................................953

HSPICE Compatibility ............................................................................................................954

HSPICE Compatibility Mode .................................................................................................955

Hybrid Compat Mode .............................................................................................................956

Device Models Compatibility .................................................................................................957

Objectives ................................................................................................................................958

Introduction .............................................................................................................................959

Library/Cell/View Basics ........................................................................................................960

More on Views ........................................................................................................................961

CDF Concepts .........................................................................................................................962

CDF : Description of SimInfo Fields ......................................................................................963

CDF as an ASCII File .............................................................................................................964

Access to Conversion Tools ....................................................................................................965

Simple Conversion ..................................................................................................................966

Complex Conversion ..............................................................................................................967

Conversion Tool Overview .....................................................................................................968

Importance of the Cell Type ..................................................................................................969

Conversion Flow .....................................................................................................................970

Appendix B

EZwave Major Features

Objectives ................................................................................................................................973

Basic EZwave Features ...........................................................................................................974

Advanced EZwave Capabilities ..............................................................................................975

EZwave — Elements of the Interface .....................................................................................976

Joint Waveform Database (JWDB) .........................................................................................977

.wdb and .swd Files .................................................................................................................978

Invoking EZwave ...................................................................................................................979

EZwave Integration in Artist Link ..........................................................................................980

How to Start EZwave in Artist Link .......................................................................................981

Documentation Color Scheme ................................................................................................982

Memory & Disk Space Shortage Detection ............................................................................983

EZwave Memory Management Improvement (AMS15.1) .....................................................984


Table of Contents


Toolbar ....................................................................................................................................986

Mouse Strokes .........................................................................................................................987

The Find Capability for Plotted Waveforms ...........................................................................988

Find Button .............................................................................................................................989

Waveform List ........................................................................................................................990

EZwave — Additional Tools ..................................................................................................991

EZwave Video Tutorials .........................................................................................................992


Pick-Point Tool – New in AMS13.2 Release .........................................................................994

Pick-Point Mode .....................................................................................................................995

Pick Points Capabilities ..........................................................................................................996

Pick Points Default Settings ....................................................................................................998

Pick Points Specific Behavior .................................................................................................999

Module Objectives ................................................................................................................1000

Measurement Tool ................................................................................................................1001

Plotting All the Waveforms with the Same Name ................................................................1003

Tandem Mode Example ........................................................................................................1004

Tandem Mode vs Iterative Simulation ..................................................................................1005


Waveform Calculator ............................................................................................................1007

Using the Waveform Calculator ...........................................................................................1008


Waveform Compare Tool .....................................................................................................1012

Waveform Compare Wizard .................................................................................................1013

Comparison Method Selection ..............................................................................................1014

Viewing Waveform Comparison Results..............................................................................1015

Algorithm ..............................................................................................................................1016

X_min, x_max, y_min, y_max ..............................................................................................1017

Tolerance Area ......................................................................................................................1018

Tolerance Tube......................................................................................................................1019


Performing Power Analysis in EZwave ................................................................................1021

Power Analysis Window .......................................................................................................1022

Running the Analysis ............................................................................................................1023

Power Table ..........................................................................................................................1024


Table of Contents


File > Save Menu ..................................................................................................................1026

Tcl File Example ...................................................................................................................1027

Getting Help ..........................................................................................................................1028

Appendix C

AC Family

Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1030

Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1031

Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1032

Why a Pole-Zero (PZ) Analysis May be Needed..................................................................1033

Interactive Post Processor Command....................................................................................1034

Example Question Asked by pz Command ..........................................................................1035

Pole-Zero .mpz Output File...................................................................................................1036

How to Get an Accurate Model ............................................................................................1037

Limitations of the Post Processors ........................................................................................1039

Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1040

Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1041

Appendix D

Scattering Parameters

Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1043

Frequency Domain Characterization of n-Port Circuits .......................................................1044

Scattering Parameters Generalities .......................................................................................1045

S-Parameter Extraction Definition ........................................................................................1046

S-Parameter Result Output ...................................................................................................1047

S-Parameter Extraction Results (AC Analysis) ....................................................................1049

How to Reuse an Existing S-Parameter File .........................................................................1050

Touchstone Data Format .......................................................................................................1052

S-Parameter Model Quality ..................................................................................................1053

Useful TechNotes ..................................................................................................................1054

Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1055

S-Parameter Support More Robust in AMS11.2 ..................................................................1056

Preparing Data for Time Domain ..........................................................................................1057

Declare FBLOCK to Use S-Parameter File ..........................................................................1058

CPF Advantages ....................................................................................................................1059

Passivity ................................................................................................................................1061

FORCE_PASSIVITY ...........................................................................................................1063

Table of Contents


Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1064

Specific S-Parameter Measurements.....................................................................................1065

Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1073

Mixed-Mode S-Parameters Overview ..................................................................................1074

Mixed-Mode S-Parameter Extraction ...................................................................................1077

Mixed-Mode S-Parameters Simulation .................................................................................1078

Lab Time ...............................................................................................................................1080

Summary ...............................................................................................................................1081

Appendix E

FFT

Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1083

Digital Signal Processing Topics ..........................................................................................1084

Fast Fourier Transform — FFT.............................................................................................1085

FFT — Generalities...............................................................................................................1086

FFT of a Periodic Signal .......................................................................................................1087

FFT of a Non-Periodic Signal ...............................................................................................1088

FFT in Eldo and EZwave — Summary of Main Parameters ................................................1089

Simulation Parameters for FFT .............................................................................................1090

Simulation Parameters for FFT Example ..............................................................................1092

FFT Inside ELDO .................................................................................................................1093

FFT Example .........................................................................................................................1098

FFT Waveforms ....................................................................................................................1099

FFT Example .........................................................................................................................1100

FFT: DISPLAY_INPUT=1 ...................................................................................................1101

FFT Example — Results .......................................................................................................1102

Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1103

Digital Signal Processing (DSP) Inside ELDO .....................................................................1104

PSD Models ..........................................................................................................................1105

Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1106

DSP in EZwave .....................................................................................................................1107

Lab Time ...............................................................................................................................1108

Summary ...............................................................................................................................1109

Appendix F

Tcl Post-Processing

Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1111

Table of Contents


Extending Eldo With Tcl ......................................................................................................1112

Tcl Usage — Macros versus Post-Processing .......................................................................1113

USE_TCL Command ............................................................................................................1114

Creating Macro-Like UDFs With Tcl ...................................................................................1115

More Complex Macro-Like Example: Sample and Hold .....................................................1117

Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1118

TCL_WAVE .........................................................................................................................1119

CALL_TCL ...........................................................................................................................1120

PPL Library in ELDO ...........................................................................................................1121

Specifics of Tcl UDFs Called With .CALL_TCL ................................................................1123

evalExpr Function .................................................................................................................1125

defineVec and display Functions ..........................................................................................1126

PPL Predefined Function Library .........................................................................................1127

Tcl Example Using Information Commands and Loops ......................................................1128

Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1129

wfc Function .........................................................................................................................1130

More Complex Example of wfc Usage ................................................................................1131

Documentation of Tcl Usage ................................................................................................1132

Lab Time ...............................................................................................................................1133

Summary ...............................................................................................................................1134

Appendix G

Artist Link

Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1136

Setup Simulator .....................................................................................................................1137

Setup Model Libraries ...........................................................................................................1138

Setup Outputs ........................................................................................................................1139

Setup Simulator Options .......................................................................................................1140

Netlist and Run ......................................................................................................................1141

Direct Plotting in EZwave .....................................................................................................1142

Simulation Speed-up .............................................................................................................1143

DC Convergence ...................................................................................................................1145

Simulation Technology .........................................................................................................1146

Post Layout ...........................................................................................................................1147

Extract ...................................................................................................................................1148

Extract — Only Mode ...........................................................................................................1149

Save Operating Area .............................................................................................................1150

Table of Contents


Checksoa ...............................................................................................................................1151

Sens and Statistics .................................................................................................................1152

Monte Carlo ..........................................................................................................................1154

Optimizer...............................................................................................................................1155

Aging .....................................................................................................................................1156

Noise Analyses ......................................................................................................................1157

Fast Fourier Transform .........................................................................................................1158

S Parameters ..........................................................................................................................1159

Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1160

Solve an Installation Problem ...............................................................................................1161

Solve an Error Message ........................................................................................................1163

Important Cadence files ........................................................................................................1164

OpenAccess versus CDB ......................................................................................................1165

Cadence Licenses ..................................................................................................................1166

Testcase to Illustrate a Problem ............................................................................................1167

CDF (Component Description Format) ................................................................................1168

Possible Library Conversions ...............................................................................................1169

Environment Options ............................................................................................................1170

OCEAN Script Creation ........................................................................................................1171

ADE-XL vs. ADE-L .............................................................................................................1172

Limitations in ADE-XL Support ...........................................................................................1173

Appendix H

ICanalyst Major Features

Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1175

ICanalyst Verification Environment .....................................................................................1176

Analog and Mixed Signal Verification Flow ........................................................................1177

Advanced Verification Environment ....................................................................................1178

ICanalyst Flow ......................................................................................................................1179

ICanalyst GUI .......................................................................................................................1180

Statistical Simulation Save Time With Automatic Stopping ................................................1181

Parameter Screening..............................................................................................................1182

Design Tuning .......................................................................................................................1183

Distributed Resource Management .......................................................................................1184

Waveform Database Usage ...................................................................................................1185

Coverage Driven Verification ...............................................................................................1186

Metric-Driven Verification Flow ..........................................................................................1187

Table of Contents


Tracing Requirements to Verification Results ......................................................................1188

A Comprehensive Verification Solution ...............................................................................1190

How to Start ..........................................................................................................................1191

Appendix I

Pyxis Introduction

Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1193

Pyxis: A Platform for IC Design Projects .............................................................................1194

What Is a Project? .................................................................................................................1195

Pyxis Hierarchical Objects ....................................................................................................1196

Environment Variable Definitions ........................................................................................1197

Cell Views .............................................................................................................................1198

Schematic Views ...................................................................................................................1199

The Pyxis User Interface .......................................................................................................1200

Accessing Online Help ..........................................................................................................1201

Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1202

Simulation .............................................................................................................................1203

Entering Simulation Mode ....................................................................................................1204

Creating A Design Configuration .........................................................................................1205

Simulation Environment Setup .............................................................................................1206

Simulation Setup ...................................................................................................................1208

Setup Analysis .......................................................................................................................1209

Setup Library Model Scenarios .............................................................................................1210

Setup Forces ..........................................................................................................................1211

Setup Parameters and Sweeps ...............................................................................................1212

Setup Simulator Options .......................................................................................................1213

Setup Additional Commands ................................................................................................1214

Setup Outputs ........................................................................................................................1215

Pyxis Netlister — Fast Netlisting ..........................................................................................1216

Netlist Control File ................................................................................................................1217

Netlist Control File Example ................................................................................................1218

Running a Simulation ............................................................................................................1219

Viewing Simulation Results ..................................................................................................1220

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