eldo ontology for e learning design[m giacomantonio]2

ELDO: an ontology for the ELDO: an ontology for the cataloguing of eLearning cataloguing of eLearning

DesignDesign

by Marcello Giacomantonio7th European Conference on e-Learning

Grecian Bay Hotel, Agia Napa, Cyprus6-7 November 2008

ELDO - eLearning Design Ontology - M.Giacomantonio

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LOR Learning Object LOR Learning Object Repositories on the webRepositories on the web

… many courseware repositories appearing on the web with communities facilitating the liaison users/suppliers…


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An eLearning Design An eLearning Design OntologyOntology

eLDOeLearning Design Ontology

CERTE – Omniacom

ILORItalian Learning Object Repository

PLORPegasus LMS® LOR


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Two different path to PLOR Two different path to PLOR metadata definitionmetadata definition

Top-down• ELDUM model• ELDO ontology

Bottom-up• Faculty Catalogue

• Dublin Core Metadata• SCORM LOM

PLOM 3

PLOM 3Pegasus LOM


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Bottom-up logic to PLOM Bottom-up logic to PLOM structure definitionstructure definition

Didactic materials database

Dublin CoreMetadata Initiative

PLOM 1

PLOM 1First draft

SCORM 2004PLOM 2

PLOM 2Second draft

Top-down


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PLOM1 – Pegasus Learning PLOM1 – Pegasus Learning Object Object

28 Metadata – 1st formulation28 Metadata – 1st formulation General data Content data Context dataID [DC Identifier]Title [DC ≡]Author [DC Creator]Contributor [DC]Editor [DC ≡]Edition year [DC~]Language [DC ≡]Format [DC ≡]Format

characteristics [P]Rights [DC]

Covering [DC]Subject [DC]Description [DC]Key word [P]Type [DC Type]Relationship [DC]Source [DC]

-----------------------------DC = Dublin CoreP = Pegasus LOM

Utilization mode [P]Course [P]Recipients [P]Course year [P]Academic year [P]Teaching [P]Teacher (1,2,3, n) [P]CFU * (University

Credits) [P]Hours [P]Content tutor [P]Classroom tutor [P]


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SCORM Learning Object SCORM Learning Object MetadataMetadata

The tree diagram illustrates how the LOM model is divided into 9 main categories and a myriad of subcategories. At the beginning the LOM model has been elaborated by the IEEE, then they were further elaborated by the IMS Global Learning Consortium and finally the ADL for the SCORM model.


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extractionof terms

semanticclustering

Ontology Learning

tokening

morphemicanalysis

tagging & chunking

syntactic dependencie

s analysis

texts

Linguistic analysis module

Knowledge Markup

semanticmarkup

Pegasus OKM Semantic Pegasus OKM Semantic AnalyserAnalyser

Pegasus LMS® OKM semantic analyser operates as a production line on the text submitted to analysis. It produces a glossary, a thesaurus and then utilise them to mark up the documents analysed.


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Indexes for an affective Indexes for an affective research in OKMresearch in OKM

GRI high, DRI high

The document represents the collection well and deals with arguments central to it

GRI high, DRI low

The document boarders on the topic area and deals with collateral arguments

GRI low, DRI high

The document is very focused on a marginal argument of the topic area, the fact in itself could be positive

GRI low, DRI low

The term considered is not significant, if the values are very low it would be better to increase the threshold values in order to avoid this type of document

GRI = Glossary Relevance Index DRI = Document Relevance Index


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Why not to stop here?Why not to stop here?

• Having reached this point, the bottom-up process in no longer satisfactory.

• There is too high a risk of the LOR missing out important topic areas or that of starting to do so through its own development.

• Next step is to create a general map that will allow us in the future to proceed with all types of cataloguing.


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Top-down logic to PLOM Top-down logic to PLOM structure definitionstructure definition

ELDUMeLearning Design

Unified Model

ELDO eLearning Design

Ontology

Bottom-upPLOM 3

PLOM 3Final structure

Descriptionlogic


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The many ontologies in the The many ontologies in the eLearning fieldeLearning field

• Not an “eLearning ontology” – but an ontology to classify “eLearning design”

• To implement a tool for ontology buiding – Protégé + OWL

• From ELDO (eLearning Design Ontoloogy) to PLOM 3 (Pegasus LO Metadata)


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The way to design a mapThe way to design a map

The eLearning Design (eLD) thematic area has been segmented into four distinct areas, partly inspired by the metadata of the two versions already elaborated (PLOM1 and PLOM2):

• the context in which the course is realized: recipients, ‘destinants’ (addressees), current expertise required, etc.

• the organization providing the course, be it a university, company training sector, etc., along with the structure and available services

• the didactic project with its various components• didactic strategies applied


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ELDUM eL Design Unified ELDUM eL Design Unified ModelModel

• The many corpora building up a corpus– context

• Competencies analysis

– training organization• Structure and services

– eLearning Design• The design of the

eLearning project

– training strategy• Methodologies


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ELDUMELDUM


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A complete integrated A complete integrated learning model: taking over learning model: taking over

eLearningeLearning

Online LC (learning content)

Online LS (learning services)

OnsiteSelf

paced

Integrated model

Face-to-face


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Working about the unified Working about the unified modelmodel

Online

Onsite

Self-directed Directed

At home/At home/Working placeWorking place

LCLC LSLS

Into the Into the classroomclassroom

CoP

aLearnbLearn WBT

bLearn LMS

eLearn self

eLearn VL


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Variability of the educational Variability of the educational strategies from LC (directed) to LS strategies from LC (directed) to LS

(self-directed) (self-directed)


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Why an ontology for ILOR Why an ontology for ILOR

• An ontology – Is an explicit and formalised description of a

simplified ad abstract vision (model) of the world (thematic area) we want to represent.

– Improves model affordability and gives tools for maintenance

– Owns internal tools to support model building (DL and reasoner)


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How to build up ELDOHow to build up ELDO

• Define– Classes (concepts, entities, nodes, etc.)– Properties (relations, arches, etc.)– Individuals (constraints)

• Describe– Properties by instances of description logic

(DL)

• Utilise– Inferential mechanisms


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What is Description Logic DLWhat is Description Logic DL

• A set of formalism to represent knowledge based on logic– Describe a domain in terms of concepts (classes),

roles (properties, relationships) and individuals

• Distinguished by:– Formal semantics (typically model theoretic)– Provision of inference services

• Decision procedures for key problems (satisfiability, subsumption, etc)

• Implemented systems (highly optimised)[I. Horrocks]


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L’autoreL’autore

• Marcello Giacomantonio– [email protected]– Chi è mg

• http://www.wbt.it/index.php?pagina=269

– Il consorzio Omniacom• http://www.omniacom.org/index.php?pagina=6

– Chi è Wbt.it• http://www.wbt.it/index.php?pagina=18

– iGeL – Il Giornale dell’eLearning• http://www.wbt.it/index.php?pagina=9

– Il libro ”Learning object”• http://www.learningobject.info/

eldo ontology for e learning design[m giacomantonio]2

Education

elearning ontology

eldum model eldo ontology

scorm model

services elearning

integrated model

elearning field

model building

model affordability