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THE OSI Model - TCP/IP

: OSI Open System Interconnect Hardware OSI Model

OSI

OSI Linux Windows OSI Model

: OSIPhysical LayerData Link LayerNetwork LayerTransport layerSession LayerPresentation LayerApplication Layer

1 - Physical Layer Hardware Pins (Star, Ring, Mesh, and Bus) Topologies NIC , Transceivers , Repeaters Hubs

2 - Data Link Layer Physical Layer ( ) ACK :LLC Logical Link ControlMAC Media Access Control Bridge , Switch , NIC

3 - Network Layer Quality Of Service Routing Routers , Layer 3 Switches

4 - Transport layer ACK

5 - Session Layer

6 - Presentation Layer Data

7 - Application Layer Applications Word Access Application Word Tools

: : Connection Oriented : . TCP :Connectionless . IP .

TCP/IP Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

1973 1983 ARPAnet Berkeley UNIX BSD Berkeley Software Distribution Unix

:

DoD Model TCP/IP Department of Defense Model OSI Model Process/Application Layer FTP, Telnet , HTTPHost-to-Host Layer TCP PacketInternet Layer IPNetwork Access Layer

Transmission Control Protocol TCP Datagram datagram Header Checksum datagram TCP

Source Port Destination Port Sequence Number datagram Acknowledgement Number Offset Header Reversed

Flags Window Packet Urgent Pointer Options Padding Header 32 Bit Start of Data

Internet Protocol IP TCP Route Packaging ( ) Header IP Header TCP Header IP DataGram

Routing Packet TIME TO LIVE Packaging Token Ring Ethernet Token Ring

Version IP IPv4 IPv6 IHL Internet Header Length Header 32bitTOS Type of Service Total Length DataGram 576 65532 576 Byte 65.532 KByte

Identification DatagramFlags DataGram Packet Fragmentation Offset Time to Live Packet Packet Lost Hop 32Hops

Protocol TCP/IP TCP UDP User Datagram ProtocolHeader Checksum Header TCP Header Header TCPStart of Data

IP TCP/IP . IP IPv4 IPv6

IPv4 32bit 255 192.168.1.33 Octet Byte IP Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, Class E

IPv6 IP 128bit 79Octellion 79.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000 Hexadecimal 3FFE:0B00:0800:0002:0000:0000:0000:000C

: SNMPFTPTFTPSMTPPOPIMAPTelnetICMPHTTPARPNTPUDP

1 SNMPSimple Network Management Protocol Switches Routers

2 FTPFile Transfer Protocol FTP Servers

3 TFTPTrivial File Transfer Protocol FTP Boot Image Boot Disk Routers

4 SMTPSimple Mail Transfer Protocol Emails

5 POPPost Office Protocol POP3 IMAP POP3

6 IMAPInternet Mail Access Protocol Email Header Server Yahoo

7 TelnetTerminal Emulation

8 ICMPInternet Control Message Protocol Ping Host Host IP IP Connectionless IP ICMP

9 HTTPHypertext Transfer Protocol Web Servers Internet Browser

10 ARPAddress Resolution Protocol Physical Hardware IP IP IP MAC ( ) ARP IP ROUTER ARP MAC Address IP

11 NTPNetwork Time Protocol David Mills Delaware Synchronize .

12 UDPUser datagram Protocol Transport Port UDP

: PORTS and Sockets TCP/IP Port Port Port () 16bit 65535 TCP Ports UDP Ports Telnet Port 23 TCP Port 80

SOCKETS TCP/IP . TCP/IP

: Linux and NetworkingLinux . RedHat RedHat RedHat

TCP/IPLinux . Linux . TCP/IP IPX Ethernet Fast Ethernet ATM Token Ring Server

Linux UseNet Gopher Telnet Web FTP Talk POP NTP IRC NFS DNS NIS SNMP Kerberos WAIS . Linux / Linux LAN . : Macintosh DOS Windows Windows NT Windows95 Novel OS/2 . 16 Swapspace