election commission of india a state-of-the-art, user friendly and tamper proof electronic voting...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Election Commission of India A State-of-the-Art, User Friendly and Tamper Proof Electronic Voting Machine (EVM)](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102814/5516448d550346a2698b474c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Election Commission of India
A State-of-the-Art, User Friendlyand Tamper Proof
Electronic Voting Machine(EVM)
Election Commission of India
A State-of-the-Art, User Friendlyand Tamper Proof
Electronic Voting Machine(EVM)
![Page 2: Election Commission of India A State-of-the-Art, User Friendly and Tamper Proof Electronic Voting Machine (EVM)](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102814/5516448d550346a2698b474c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
PresentationPresentation
• The Genesis– Concept, Challenge, Solution
• Concerns• Remedies• EVM
– Technological Features– Description– Operation
• Polling, Closing, Counting & Results
• Advantages• Statistics of Interest
• The Genesis– Concept, Challenge, Solution
• Concerns• Remedies• EVM
– Technological Features– Description– Operation
• Polling, Closing, Counting & Results
• Advantages• Statistics of Interest
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Genesis - ConceptGenesis - Concept
• Idea mooted by the Chief Election Commissioner in 1977
• Pros and cons of E-voting vis-à-vis ballot paper analysed by High Power Committees
• Recommended E-voting to save avoidable and recurring expenditure on printing, storage, transportation and security of Ballot Paper to the exchequer
• Idea mooted by the Chief Election Commissioner in 1977
• Pros and cons of E-voting vis-à-vis ballot paper analysed by High Power Committees
• Recommended E-voting to save avoidable and recurring expenditure on printing, storage, transportation and security of Ballot Paper to the exchequer
Top: Ballot paper awaiting despatchBottom: EVMs in store room
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Genesis - ChallengeGenesis - Challenge
• Evolve a machine which would fit into the existing Election Procedure
• Appear familiar to the voter• Addressing the skepticism of
the Political Parties and Intelligentsia including Press
• Evolving a machine and a procedure which would be transparent and acceptable to all
• Evolve a machine which would fit into the existing Election Procedure
• Appear familiar to the voter• Addressing the skepticism of
the Political Parties and Intelligentsia including Press
• Evolving a machine and a procedure which would be transparent and acceptable to all
Top: Ballot box being carried to the polling stationBottom: EVMs being carried to the polling station
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Genesis - SolutionGenesis - Solution
• Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL) a leading Public Sector Company engaged in the design and manufacture of professional electronics was commissioned to design a machine to prove the feasibility
• Once feasibility was established, Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) a second Public Sector Company was co-opted into the exercise
• Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL) a leading Public Sector Company engaged in the design and manufacture of professional electronics was commissioned to design a machine to prove the feasibility
• Once feasibility was established, Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) a second Public Sector Company was co-opted into the exercise
Voters waiting to cast their vote
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Genesis - SolutionGenesis - Solution
• Both the companies (ECIL & BEL) brought out models with a common User Interface in 1980
• The machines were extensively tried out at locations across the country
• Publicity campaigns were run in the press and other media
• Seminars conducted by Election Commission of India in various forums
• Feedback obtained used to fine-tune the machine
• Both the companies (ECIL & BEL) brought out models with a common User Interface in 1980
• The machines were extensively tried out at locations across the country
• Publicity campaigns were run in the press and other media
• Seminars conducted by Election Commission of India in various forums
• Feedback obtained used to fine-tune the machine
Voting the Ballot box way
Voting the EVM way
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ConcernsConcerns
• How secure is the data ?• Can the data be tampered
with ?• How does the machine
operate in remote areas without electric power ?
• What happens if the power fails in the middle of the voting process ?
• Can the data be stored long enough to be used as evidence in a court of law in case of electoral disputes ?
• How secure is the data ?• Can the data be tampered
with ?• How does the machine
operate in remote areas without electric power ?
• What happens if the power fails in the middle of the voting process ?
• Can the data be stored long enough to be used as evidence in a court of law in case of electoral disputes ?
Top: EVM being demonstrated to the pressMiddle: EVM being demonstrated to VIPsBottom: Address to the press on EVMs
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RemediesRemedies
• All mechanical, electrical and software security features are provided to ensure the integrity of the voting data
• It is independent of mains power and operates on a special power pack
• It is tamper-proof and error free• It incorporates a microprocessor
that has ‘burnt-in’ software code which cannot be altered or retrieved
• All the data is recorded on non-volatile dual redundant memory chips and can be retained for over 6 months even when the power pack is removed
• All mechanical, electrical and software security features are provided to ensure the integrity of the voting data
• It is independent of mains power and operates on a special power pack
• It is tamper-proof and error free• It incorporates a microprocessor
that has ‘burnt-in’ software code which cannot be altered or retrieved
• All the data is recorded on non-volatile dual redundant memory chips and can be retained for over 6 months even when the power pack is removed
CountingBallot paper way
Counting - EVM way
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EVM – Technology FeaturesEVM – Technology Features
• Centres around state-of-the-art microprocessor with built-in PROM storing the software code which cannot be retrieved or altered
• Reliable, robust and error free software• Legacy software with machine codes used to
preserve integrity and security• Double redundant resilient memory storage for
securely retaining data without a need for a backup battery
• User friendly operation sequence• Portable and easy to operate• Custom made to fit into the existing pattern
• Centres around state-of-the-art microprocessor with built-in PROM storing the software code which cannot be retrieved or altered
• Reliable, robust and error free software• Legacy software with machine codes used to
preserve integrity and security• Double redundant resilient memory storage for
securely retaining data without a need for a backup battery
• User friendly operation sequence• Portable and easy to operate• Custom made to fit into the existing pattern
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EVM – Technology FeaturesEVM – Technology Features
• Provision is made on all the sub-units for sealing to ensure that the units are not tampered with
• Each EVM can cater to a maximum of 64 candidates with 4 Ballot Units cascaded
• The EVM can be used for conducting “TWO” simultaneous polls.
• EVMs to conduct up to “FOUR” or “MORE” simultaneous polls to suit the electoral systems of other countries are developed and demonstration models available
• Provision is made on all the sub-units for sealing to ensure that the units are not tampered with
• Each EVM can cater to a maximum of 64 candidates with 4 Ballot Units cascaded
• The EVM can be used for conducting “TWO” simultaneous polls.
• EVMs to conduct up to “FOUR” or “MORE” simultaneous polls to suit the electoral systems of other countries are developed and demonstration models available
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Control Unit
Interconnecting Cable
Ballot Unit
Sub-Units of EVMSub-Units of EVM
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Ballot Unit - DetailsBallot Unit - Details
Ready LampSlide Switch Window
Candidate’s Button
Candidate’s Lamp
Ballot Paper Screen
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Ballot Unit - Internal partsBallot Unit - Internal parts
Slide Switch
Candidate’s Button
Masking Tab
Ready Lamp
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Control Unit Control Unit
ON Lamp Busy Lamp
Display Section Candidate Set Section
Result Section
Ballot SectionBallot Button
Total Button
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Control Unit - View of Bottom Compartment
Control Unit - View of Bottom Compartment
Power Switch
Bottom CompartmentCover
Connector forInterconnecting Cable
Connector for Auxiliary Unit
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Control Unit - Display SectionControl Unit - Display Section
4-DigitDisplay Panel
ON Lamp
2-Digit Display Panel
Busy Lamp
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Control Unit - Candidate Set SectionControl Unit - Candidate Set Section
Provision forthread seal
Latch
Plug forpower pack
Candidate setbutton
Candidate set sectioninner door
Candidate set sectionouter door
Provision forThread seal
Power packcompartment
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Control Unit - Result SectionControl Unit - Result SectionResult Ibutton
Inner latches
Frames forPaper seal
Clear button
Result II button
Close button
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Control Unit - Ballot SectionControl Unit - Ballot Section
Total button
Ballot button
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PollingPolling
• The voter is identified from the voters list and records his presence by a signature or thumb impression
• The Presiding Officer presses the “Ballot” button on the Control Unit permitting one vote
• The voter then proceeds to the polling cubicle and after perusing the ballot paper on the Ballot Unit, presses the key against the candidate of his choice
• The voter is identified from the voters list and records his presence by a signature or thumb impression
• The Presiding Officer presses the “Ballot” button on the Control Unit permitting one vote
• The voter then proceeds to the polling cubicle and after perusing the ballot paper on the Ballot Unit, presses the key against the candidate of his choice
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PollingPolling
• A red lamp glows indicating to the voter that his vote has been cast in favour of that candidate
• The casting of the vote results in a beep in the Control Unit indicating to the Presiding Officer that a vote has been cast
• He then proceeds to release another vote by pressing the “Ballot” button and the process continues
• A red lamp glows indicating to the voter that his vote has been cast in favour of that candidate
• The casting of the vote results in a beep in the Control Unit indicating to the Presiding Officer that a vote has been cast
• He then proceeds to release another vote by pressing the “Ballot” button and the process continues
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ClosingClosing
• The cap on the “Close Button” is removed and the button pressed
• The cap is then replaced
• The unit is then switched “Off” and the interconnecting cable disconnected
• The cap on the “Close Button” is removed and the button pressed
• The cap is then replaced
• The unit is then switched “Off” and the interconnecting cable disconnected
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Counting & ResultsCounting & Results
• The Power pack / Battery is checked for health by pressing the TOTAL Button
• After getting ready to note down the result, the green paper seal over RESULT-1 Button is pierced and RESULT-1 Button is pressed.
• The Power pack / Battery is checked for health by pressing the TOTAL Button
• After getting ready to note down the result, the green paper seal over RESULT-1 Button is pierced and RESULT-1 Button is pressed.
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Counting & ResultsCounting & Results
• The “RESULT-1” button is pressed to display the results
• The results are then noted.
• The “RESULT-1” button is pressed to display the results
• The results are then noted.
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CAND. SET
CLEAR
BALLOT
RESULT-1
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION OF BUTTONS ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION OF BUTTONS ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE
CLOSE
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AdvantagesAdvantages
• Modernises the election process • User friendly – can be used even by illiterates • Simple to operate and can be installed in a short time• Preserves voting secrecy• No scope for invalid votes• Facilitates quick and accurate counting – possible to
declare results instantaneously• Re-usable by simply erasing votes recorded in earlier
poll
• Modernises the election process • User friendly – can be used even by illiterates • Simple to operate and can be installed in a short time• Preserves voting secrecy• No scope for invalid votes• Facilitates quick and accurate counting – possible to
declare results instantaneously• Re-usable by simply erasing votes recorded in earlier
poll
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AdvantagesAdvantages
• Huge expenditure involved in printing, storing and transportation and security of ballot paper can be avoided
• Lowers operating costs• Easier to manage with less demand on man-
power• Provision can be made to connect to a
“CENTRAL STATION” to consolidate and display / record the results countrywide
• Huge expenditure involved in printing, storing and transportation and security of ballot paper can be avoided
• Lowers operating costs• Easier to manage with less demand on man-
power• Provision can be made to connect to a
“CENTRAL STATION” to consolidate and display / record the results countrywide
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Statistics of InterestStatistics of Interest
• Around one million machines deployed during Lok Sabha, 2004 polls
• Low failure rate• Costs around US $ 300 • Estimated saving on the
switchover to EVM is Approx US $ 40 million
• Political Parties and Intelligentsia who initially were skeptical now endorse the machine for its veracity
• Around one million machines deployed during Lok Sabha, 2004 polls
• Low failure rate• Costs around US $ 300 • Estimated saving on the
switchover to EVM is Approx US $ 40 million
• Political Parties and Intelligentsia who initially were skeptical now endorse the machine for its veracity
EVM being demonstrated to voters beforethe recent elections held in the state of
Jammu & Kashmir
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Thank YouThank You