ELECTION OF 1912• Roosevelt looses Republican nomination• Roosevelt seizes Progressive Republican League from

La Follette and it becomes “Bull Moose” Party• Democrats nominate Woodrow Wilson• Wilson’s “New Freedom” v. TR’s “Square Deal”

(Wilson wanted to break up trusts, make govt. smaller)

• Wilson elected by significant margin, but still as a MINORITY president

REAL WINNER:

Progressivism

1912 buttons: Roosevelt, Taft, and WilsonPolitical buttons continued to be ubiquitous in 1912. Roosevelt and his running mate, Hiram Johnson, the governor of California, are pictured with the Bull Moose that came to symbolize the Progressive Party after Roosevelt exclaimed that he felt as fit as a bull moose. Taft, the Republican candidate, and Wilson, the Democrat, are depicted with more traditional symbols of patriotism and party. (Collection of Janice L. and David J. Frent)

1912 buttons: Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson

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Map: Presidential Election, 1912

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Presidential Election, 1912Though he won a minority of the popular votes, Woodrow Wilson captured so many states that he achieved an easy victory in the electoral college.

Wilson and TaftHaving just squared off in the 1912 election campaign, the two politicians share a light moment before Wilson's inauguration on March 4, 1913. (Library of Congress)

Wilson and Taft

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Woodrow Wilson

• Only 2nd Democratic President since 1861

• Family ties with the South

• Academic

• Idealistic (hard to compromise – a problem later)

• Governor of NJ

• President of Princeton

• Reformer with popular appeal in era of party “machines”

Wilson said, “Without the watchful resolute interference of the government, there can be no fair play between individuals and the trust.”

How does this statement reflect Wilson’s approach to reform? Support your answer.

WILSON’S PROGRESSIVE AGENDA• Sixteenth Amendment – graduated income tax• Brandeis – First Jewish justice• Trust-Busting:

– Federal Trade Act, 1914 Federal Trade Commission Clayton Anti-Trust Act, 1914 strengthen Sherman Anti-Trust

• Tariffs: Underwood Tariff Bill,

1st reduction since Civil War • Banking:

– Federal Reserve Act creates Federal Reserve System• Farmers:

– Federal Farm Loan Act, 1916

Election DayCritics of the woman-suffrage movement, including this cartoonist, believed that women's place was in the home, not in the public sphere. (Library of Congress)

Election Day

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Woman Suffrage• In 1910 Women could vote in federal election only in

WY, UT, CO, ID• Suffragettes began organizing women of all classes • Carrie Chapman Catt, national leader of NAWSA (Natl.

Amer. Woman Suffrage Assoc.)CATT’s STRATEGY:1. Highly organized 2. Close ties b/w local, state, and natl. associations3. Cautious lobbying4. Lady-like behaviorRESULT:

Successes in WA, CA, KS, OR, and AZFailure in MI, OH, and WI

NEW TACTICS:National Woman’s Party

Mrs. Carrie C. Catt addressing the Congress of the International Women's Suffrage. 5/29/1923.Cleveland Public Library Photograph Collection

http://www.cpl.org/suffrage/SUFFRAGE3.jpg

Preceding the inauguration of Wilson there was a near riot as 5,000 women marched, demanding the vote for women. The march was led by Alice Paul and Lucy Burns

Steadfast Effort

Nineteenth Amendment:Granting Women Suffrage (1920)Women’s continuous lobbying, and the combined strategies of Catt and Paul, as well as women’s contributions to WWI, finally pay off.

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Limits of Progressivism

• In what areas was Wilson NOT progressive and actually regressive?

• What finally killed the progressive movement?