election of 1952 the democrats pres. truman estes kefauver tennessee senator adlai stevenson...
TRANSCRIPT
Election of 1952
• The Democrats
Pres. Truman
Estes KefauverTennessee Senator
Adlai StevensonGovernor of Illinois
John SparkmanAlabama Senator
Election of 1952
• The Republicans
Dwight D. EisenhowerWar Hero
Robert TaftSenator from Ohio
Richard Milhous NixonSenator from California
Election of 1952
• The Issues
Election of 1952
Eisenhower Foreign Policy
• John Foster Dulles– Secretary of State
• Allen Dulles– Director of CIA– “New Look” policy
Iran, 1953
• Democratic government elected in 1951– Mohammed Mossadeq
• British and Americans concerned over control of oil
• Operation Ajax– CIA involved in coup to restore monarchy
to Iran– Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Guatemala, 1954
• Guatemalans elect Jacobo Arbenz President– Land Reform– United Fruit Company
• Operation PBSUCCESS– Covert CIA support for coup– Military dictator restored to power
Hungary, 1956
• Stalin dies 1953; Replaced by Kruschev– Policy of modest liberalization
• Spontaneous uprising of students and others to restore democracy
• Demands to remove Soviet troops
• Soviets send in Red Army and brutally crush rebellion
Consequences
Over 30,000 Hungarians dead200,000 Hungarians fleeDespite comments of support from US for
Hungarian dissidents, US takes no actionWhy not?
Election of 1956
• A Rematch
Pres. Eisenhower Adlai Stevenson with Estes Kefauver
Election of 1956
The Suez Canal Crisis, 1956-57
• Egypt, under Nasser, nationalize Suez Canal
• British, French and Israel threaten to invade– Isreali troops invade Sinai– UK/France issue ultimatum, invade
• US/UN opposed
• UN Takes Canal Zone, returns to Egypt
Consequences
• Actions by Britain and France send Nasser more firmly to Soviets
• Sets stage for 1967 Arab-Israeli War
• Eisenhower asks Congress to use military force in Mideast if countries are threatened, as well as money for ME development– Eisenhower Doctrine
Critical Thinking
• How does the Suez Canal crisis represent a failure of Kennan’s containment policy?
The Middle East
•The Eisenhower Doctrine
•The United Arab Republic (U.A.R.), 1958-61– Pan-Arab Nationalism– Egypt, Syria and almost Iraq– Support from USSR
Lebanon, 1958• Threatened Civil War
– Muslims v. Maronite Christians– Muslims support U.A.R.
• Operation Blue Bat– 14,000 troops sent to quell
uprising– First application of Eisenhower
Doctrine
U-2 Crisis, 1960
• US has manned spy planes (the U-2) that fly over Soviet Union
• In May 1960, one is shot down– Francis Gary Powers, CIA Pilot– US forced to acknowledge program– Eisenhower refuses to apologize– Powers later traded for Soviet spy