electric machinery (ee3820) 電動機械 - ee.nthu.edu.t machinery.pdf · 1 page 1 1 electric...
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Electric Machinery (EE3820)Electric Machinery (EE3820)(())
C. M. Liaw ()Department of Electrical Engineering,
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC.
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G M
M
+
-DCV
(Introduction to Electric Machinery)(Introduction to Electric Machinery)
Transformer()Generator
Motor
Transmissionline
Distributionline
Transformer()
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NS
A A
B
B
C
CRotating
33--phasephasemotormotor
+
-
+
-
220V
+
-110V
+
-110V
3300V
a
b
a
b
va+
v b+
0 866.N P
0 5. N P 0 5. N P
NS
N S
NP
( )0
( )0
( )0
( )0
Two - phaseThree- phaseScott -T connection
Prime mover
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(Electric Machinery) ()()
(1) () (Generator) ()(Motor)
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Load
Electric power
Mechanicalpower=
Electric power
MechanicalPower =
Load
Field ArmatureArmature Field
Primemover
DCsource
mmT mmT
mTm
mTm
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(2) (Transformer)
i
Flux
Load~+
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1
v1 v2
i2+
-
N N1 2
V1/V2= I2/I1= N1/N2 (Impedance transformation) (Isolation)
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Linear ActuatorsElectromagnetic Valves
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(Stator)(Rotor)(Field winding)(Armature winding)
,
.
,,
.
Case 1: Case 2:
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()
: (Permanent, PM)
(Separately excited)
(Self excited)
(Shunt excited) (Series excited)
(Compound)
(Long shunt)(Short shunt)
(Differential compound)
(Cumulativecompound)
(Flat)
(Under)
(Over)
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: (Synchronous machine)
(Induction motor)
(Split-phase motor)(Capacitor motor):
Capacitor-startCapacitor-runCapacitor-start capacitor-run (Shaded-pole motor)()(Universal motor)()
(Wound-rotor or slip-ring)(Squirrel-cage)
()
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:
(Stepping motor) (Switched-reluctance motor (SRM):
( )
(Brushless DC motor, BDCM)()
(Ultrasonic motor)
(Direct drive (DD) motor)Possess high Possess high and smooth torque at low speedand smooth torque at low speed
(Linear motor)
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(Transformers)
: (Autotransformer)
(Potential transformer, PT)(Current transformer, CT)
(Pulse transformer)
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(Actuator)
AC
(IM) SM(DC)
, (2kW )
(~100W) : SRM
(Switched-Reluctance Motor)
, (~300W)
(1) (2) DC(BDCM)
(, 30W~2kW)
~
DC
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(DC or AC)
(DC, AC)
()
(()) (())
(())
(())
DC sources
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3AC source
+
-
Inverter
VdcAC
motor
VVVF 3
voltage
Rectifieror SMR
EC Load
Switching and drivingCommand Controller
Current feedback
Velocity and/or position feedback
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IM
Rectifier InverterFilter
DC source or single-phase AC source
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:
EMU-100
GEC
1979
()EP-EM-ET-ET-ED()
120km/h
1275 kw/1710 hp 101.8
EP-EM-ET-*2ED-
/ATW/ATS
EP-44 EM-52ET-52 ED-44
6313(,)
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Japan - Osaka
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London
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Hong Kong
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Vienna
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Germany
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LRV-II
Light rail (streetcar, tramway, or trolley) is lightweight passenger rail cars operating singly (or in short, usually two-car, trains) on fixed rails in right-of-way that is not separated from other traffic for much of the way. Light rail vehicles are typically driven electrically with power being drawn from an overhead electric line via a trolley or a pantograph.
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LRV
IM
a
b
c
ias
ibs
ics
dcVLT
eT r
+
T1 T3 T5
T4 T6 T2
dci
BR
BSW
C
L
IM
a
b
c
ias
bsi
csidcV
LT
eT r
+
1T 3T 5T
4T 6T 2T
dci
BR
BSW
C
L
IM
a
b
c
ias
bsi
csidcV
LT
eT r
+
1T 3T 5T
4T 6T 2T
dci
BR
BSW
C
L
IM
a
b
c
ias
bsi
csidcV
LT
eT r
+
1T 3T 5T
4T 6T 2T
dci
BR
BSW
C
LInverter7.5kVA(DM1)
ACV220
1
Inverter7.5kVA(DM2)
ACV220
1
A/C Inverter40kVA(DM1)
A/C Inverter40kVA(DM2)
AC3
AC3
Auxiliarypower supplies
Switchingcontrolscheme
Feedbacksignals
CommandsPropulsionlogic
controller
Mastercontroller
Rectifiersystem
V ,DC 750
AC3
DC link
Pantograph
Catenary wirePower station
Utility grid
1L
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Japan-
Japan-
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Typical ratings of High-speed trains
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(a) (b)(c)
(a) (b)(c)
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Elevator Traction-Machine Motors
Mitsubishi Electric ADVANCE, vol.103, pp. 2-4, 2003.
3.7kW, 93rpm
Key features of motors:Motor drive must have high reliability. Higher torque for accelerating elevator car and smaller
ripple torque to yield comfortable ride. Compact and thin motor structure for meeting the
machine room-less requirement. Motor type: concentrated armature winding PMSM: the used PM
should posses high long-term resistance to demagnetization. The temperature coefficient and aging effect should be considered.
Key issues for ripple torque reduction of PMSM: PM shape optimization. Winding arrangement: the ratio of pole and slot numbers, the skew arrangement. Thin PMSM motor (thin thickness and large diameter):
Concentrated winding.The magnetic saturation effect should be considered: the shapes and dimensions
the stator teeth and the shapes of the permanent magnets. Manufacturing tolerances lead to the increase of ripple torque.
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Example: phono-motor, outer-rotor motor
Three-phase, square-wave BDCM, Hall sensor
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Example: Fan motor, outer-rotor motorTwo-phase, square-wave BDCM, Hall sensor
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Dri
ver
Dri
ver Driver D
rive
r
Dri
ver
Dri
verRectifier(or SMR)
~ SM RE
PWM signals
Practical IssuesIn Inverter Miniaturization
Line drawn power quality requirement.SMR may be needed, which can be used to boost the DC link voltage, but its control scheme realization should be considered.
Miniaturizationof filtering bulk capacitor.Braking resistor.
Isolated coupling for PWM signal.Isolated DC sources for IGBT gate driver
circuits.
Current sensorsand their signal conditioners.
Incrementalor absolute type of positionsensors.
The kinds of lines and connectors.
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Toshiba ProductsToshiba Products
www.toshiba.co.jp/index.htmwww.toshiba.co.jp/index.htm
Smaller rating: IGBT module + gate driver + square wave PWM scheme
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Smaller rating: Single chip inverter + sine wave PWM predriver IC
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Intelligent Power Module Based AC motor drive
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P.C. Sen, Ph. D, Fellow IEEE PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRIC MACHINES AND PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRIC MACHINES AND POWER ELECTRONICSPOWER ELECTRONICSSecond Edition (1997), John Wiley and Sons, New York(This best seller text book, used worldwide, presentsa comprehensive coverage on electrical machineswith relevant topics in power electronics and electric drive systems. A large number of examples andProblems are included in each chapter. The ten chapters and five appendices are as follows:
Chapter 1: Magnetic Circuits Chapter 2: Transformers Chapter 3: Electromechanical Energy Conversion Chapter 4: DC Machines Chapter 5: Induction (Asynchronous) Machines Chapter 6: Synchronous Machines Chapter 7: Single-Phase Motors Chapter 8: Special Machines Chapter 9: Transients and Dynamics Chapter 10: Power Semiconductor Converters Appendix A: WindingsAppendix B: Balanced Three-Phase CircuitsAppendix C: Units and Constants Appendix D: Laplace Transforms Appendix E: Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems