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ELECTRIC TRACTION

MANIKANT MISHRA EX

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BogieUnder FrameSuperstructureSuspension

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Traction system, its classification and nomenclature.Power Supply in Electric Traction (AC and DC systems).Traction motors used.Control of traction motors.Braking.

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Traction - locomotion on the rails (driving force – •STEAM DRIVE•DISEAL DRIVE•ELECTRIC ENGINE DRIVE

Classification of Traction Systems:> Non-Electric- receive electricity externally>Electric- self contained locomotives

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OVERHEAD LINE PANTOGRAPH CIRCUIT BREAKER RECTIFIER TRANSFORMER INVERTER 3 PHASE AC MOTOR COMPRESSER

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POWER SUPPLY IN ELECTRIC TRACTION

•Conductor Rail System•Overhead System

Horn

Pantograph arm

Contact strips

Fig: Pantograph and its parts19/04/2011 8

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1853 – First railway line from Bombay VT to Thane 1910 – First Electric Loco for Mysore Gold Fields1915 – First Diesel Loco for Assam tea plantations1950 – Chittaranjan Locomotive Works1955 – Integral Coach Factory formed at Chennai1957 – RDSO formed at Shimla (Later at Lucknow)1961 – Diesel Locomotive Works formed at

Varanasi1981 – Diesel Component Works formed at Patiala1987 – Rail Coach Factory formed at Kapurthala19/04/2011 9

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Cumulative Progress of Railway Electrification on IR

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388 529 745

24233237

41804723 4918

6440

9252

10809

13517

16001

17450

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

1925-47 1961-66(3rd Plan)

1974-78(5thPlan)

1985-90(7th Plan)

1997-2002(9th Plan)

Cumulative Progress (RKm)

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  Type of Gauge Gauge Width

1. Standard Gauge or Broad Gauge (B.G) 1.676 m

2. Meter Gauge (M.G) 1.0 m

3. Narrow Gauge (N.G) 0.762 m

4. Light Gauge (L.G) 0.610 m

TYPES OF GAUGES USED

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Main line service City service or urban service Sub-urban service

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SYSTEMS OF TRACK ELECTRI-FICATION

Direct current system

Single phase low frequency a.c system

Single phase high frequency a.c system

Three phase a.c system

Composite system

- Single phase to Three phase- Single Phase to Direct Current

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30% of ordinary working expense on account of fuel/energy consumed annually for traction purposes.

2/3rd of freight traffic and 1/2 the passenger traffic being hauled on electric traction.

{Energy bill of over Rs.4000 cores}

Remaining 1/3rd of freight traffic and 1/2 the passenger traffic moved on diesel traction.

{Fuel bill of over Rs.6000 cores-- expected to go up further to Rs. 7000 cores at the present rate of HSD of Rs. 31.43}.

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• Rheostatic Control •Series-Parallel Control

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Field Weakening Method

19/04/2011 16• Diesel-Electric Locomotive Control

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Rheostatic ControlPole-Changing ControlCascade Control Combination of Cascading and Pole-Changing Control

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Electrical Braking- Plugging- Rheostatic Braking- Regenerative Braking

Mechanical Braking- Compressed Air Brake- Vacuum Brake- Magnetic Track Brake

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ion Magnetic levitation based system for ultra

high speed train (USA, JAPAN,CANADA,KOREA,GERMANY ETC) Maximum speeds 500KPHFastest train in India is the Bhopal Shatabdi a Shatabdi Express train, with a maximum speed of 160 km/h Contactless power transmission (Switzerland)

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Electrification on IR has been the most debated developmental input for Rail transport leading to fluctuating pace of electrification as compared to other inputs e.g. doubling, gauge conversion etc. The debate is primarily driven by internal organizational conflicts arising out of historical evolution of traction development and perceived career prospects in specific pocketsPrevalence of non institutional operational fancies deprived of sound financial, economic, developmental and strategic appreciation. With initiative in power sector & adoption of appropriate strategy for power procurement, cost of electrical energy is expected to go down.

ELECTRIFICATION OF IR SHOULD BE DONE ON PRIORITY ON NETWORK SOLUTION & FINANCIAL VIABILITY PRINCIPALS

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