electric vehicles co2 emissions in italy - · pdf file«emissions during car...

Jérôme MASSIANI Marco Byloos

Electric Vehicles CO2 emissions in Italy

Summary

EV emission claims Current methods unsatisfactory The marginal calculation Results Conclusions

EV claims

«EV are Zero Emissions on the road … … but emit in the plant» «Emissions can be estimated on energy mix» «Emissions during car manufacturing are not so fundamental» «EV can be used to even the energy requirement peak… … through intelligent charging schemes… … or Vehicle to grid « «EV can become beneficial to society if fed by renewable»

Summary


EV emissions: results and methods

Source Method (key-data source)

Emissions CO2e/km

anno

Menga e Ceraolo (2008)

Energetic mix 375 g/kWh (ENEL)

55 (2010)

Perujo e Ciuffo (2009)

Energetic mix 194 g/kWh (elab. from EEA data)

40 (2009)

M. Benini et al. (2010)

Micro simulation (MATISSE and MTSIM models)

68 (2030)

Wilson (2013) Energetic mix 389,9 g/kWh (source: IEA)

170 (2010)

Rusich e Danielis (2013)

Energetic mix 340 g/kWh (source: EPA)

64 (2013)

Marg. nature

Vehicle prod.

Recharge efficiency

Grid losses

Time pattern

No

No

No yes no

No

No yes yes no

yes No

No

No No

No 70 g /km No

yes No

No

No

No

No no

Capping on energy

production

Regulation 443

No No

No No

yes No

No No

No No

Technical Regolatory

Summary


0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

30,00

35,00

40,00

45,00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Mw

Elaborazione dati TERNA e GSE del mese di giugno 2014

Geotermico Solare ed eolico IdroelettricoImportazioni Carbone Altri combustibiliGas

0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

30,00

35,00

40,00

45,00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Mw



0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

30,00

35,00

40,00

45,00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Mw



0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

30,00

35,00

40,00

45,00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Mw



0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

30,00

35,00

40,00

45,00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Mw



Estimation method

Fossil fuel technologies response to demand variation (9:00 PM) 48th week

Estimation method 2

02000400060008000

100001200014000160001800020000

15000 20000 25000 30000

Gas

, coa

l, ot

hers

MW

h

Therm. total MWh

Coal h21 N.Gas h21 Other fuels h21

Periodo caldo

24 ore

24 ore

24 ore

Agosto

24 ore

24 ore

24 ore

Periodo temperato

24 ore

24 ore

24 ore

Periodo freddo

24 ore

24 ore

24 ore

Estimation method 3

Pasaoglu, G., et al. 2013, Projections for Electric Vehicle Load Profiles in Europe Based on Travel Survey Data.

Hourly profile of EV reload

EVs increase the peak

Summary


Summary

EV emission claims Current methods unsatisfactory The marginal calculation Results Average emissions Scheme The future

Conclusions

g CO2e/km Sett. 24 Sett. 31 Sett. 37 Sett. 48

Feriali 96,2 98 93,2 94,4

Sabato 96,8 98 92,7 94,3

Domenica 96,7 98,3 92,6 94,6

94 g/km

Emissioni

Summary

EV emission claims Current methods unsatisfactory The marginal calculation Results Average emissions Reloading schemes A look at the future

Conclusions

Valley-filling

Smooth

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324

Thermoelectric load +10GWh +30GWh+50GWh +75GWh +100GWh

GW

Minimo notturno

Picco serale

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324Thermoelectric load +10GWh +30GWh+50GWh +75GWh +100GWh

GW

Minimo notturno

Picco serale

Schemi di ricarica

V2G: 50 % di deperdizione

g CO2e/km

settimana 24 settimana 21 settimana 37 settimana 48

feriali Sabato Domenica feriali Sabato Domenica feriali Sabato Domenica feriali Sabato Domenica

Non regolato 96,2 96,8 96,7 98 98 98,3 93,2 92,7 92,6 94,4 94,3 94,6

Valley-filling 100,1 98,5 97,6 99,8 100,2 99,6 101,4 95,6 94 106 103,1 100,8

Smooth 99,5 98,7 98,1 100,2 100,3 99,9 98,7 96,3 95,6 105,9 100,9 99,8

Schemi aumentano le emissioni

Schemi aumentano costi sociali costi privati

Uncoordinated: 94 gco2e/km Valley filling: 102.3 gco2e/km Smooth: 101,7 gco2e/km

Summary

EV emission claims Current methods unsatisfactory The marginal calculation Results Average emissions Reloading schemes A look at the future

Conclusions

0

50.000

100.000

150.000

200.000

250.000

300.000

350.00019

63

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

GW

h

Geotermico Eolico Solare Idroeletrico Nucleare

Importazioni Carbone Altri combustibili Gas naturale

Prospettive

Gas Forte capacità istallata Bassi tassi di utilizzo Moderati costi di attivazione / disattivazione

Rinnovabili (40% di energia elettrica prodotta) Non rispondono a variazione della domanda

Summary


g CO2e/km Conventional

view Model results Real world ICE

Tailpipe

emissions 0 nd 123 ** 123

Energy

generation 55-65* 94,51 0 25-30

Vehicle manufacturing Negl. nd 45-95 28-31

Total 40-100 nd 175-225 176-185

EV emissions

[*] most significant results [**] due to the Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 and the European Energy Trade System

Frequent claims

«EV are Zero Emissions on the road … … but emit in the plant» «Emissions can be estimated on energy mix» «Emissions during car manufacturing are not so fundamental» «EV can be used to even the energy requirement peak… … through intelligent charging schemes… … or Vehicle to grid « «EV can become beneficial to society if fed by renewable»

electric vehicles co2 emissions in italy - · pdf file«emissions during car...

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