electrical energy storage system characterization studies ... 2014... · energy storage system...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Electrical Energy Storage System Characterization Studies ... 2014... · Energy Storage System Design 25 1Battery Types and Characteristics for HEV.ThermoAnalytics, Inc. 2 Supercapacitor](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042113/5e8f8b8d8967f02e1a5bfbff/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Electrical Energy Storage System Characterization Studies for Hybrid Locomotive
Development
Tim Cleary – Pennsylvania State University
Harshad Kunte – Pennsylvania State University
Brent Ballew – Norfolk Southern
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Outline
Hybrid Locomotive Design
Locomotive Simulation
o Locomotive Powertrain Model
o Energy Storage System Design
ESS Hardware In The Loop
o Locomotive Model Hybridization
Questions
2
![Page 3: Electrical Energy Storage System Characterization Studies ... 2014... · Energy Storage System Design 25 1Battery Types and Characteristics for HEV.ThermoAnalytics, Inc. 2 Supercapacitor](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042113/5e8f8b8d8967f02e1a5bfbff/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Outline
Hybrid Locomotive Design
Locomotive Simulation
o Locomotive Powertrain Model
o Energy Storage System Design
ESS Hardware In The Loop
o Locomotive Model Hybridization
Questions
3
![Page 4: Electrical Energy Storage System Characterization Studies ... 2014... · Energy Storage System Design 25 1Battery Types and Characteristics for HEV.ThermoAnalytics, Inc. 2 Supercapacitor](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042113/5e8f8b8d8967f02e1a5bfbff/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Hybrid Locomotive Design
4
Operational Impact
CostEnergy Storage System
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Hybrid Locomotive Design
Unit Configuration
Prime Mover
Controls Integration
Powered Axles
Freight Service
5
Operational Impact
CostEnergy Storage System
Norfolk Southern Hybrid Concept. B. Ballew 2012
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Hybrid Locomotive Design
Safety
Charge Acceptance
Depth of Discharge
Lifetime Energy
ESS Management
Shock and Vibe
6
Operational Impact
CostEnergy Storage System
Penn State University Battery Test Rack. T. Cleary 2012
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Hybrid Locomotive Design
Total ESS Energy
ESS Management
Hybrid Platform
Locomotive Control
Maintenance
7
Operational Impact
CostEnergy Storage System
Fuel Savings
Emissions andNon-AttainmentAreas
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Outline
Hybrid Locomotive Design
Locomotive Simulation
o Locomotive Powertrain Model
o Energy Storage System Design
ESS Hardware In The Loop
o Locomotive Model Hybridization
Questions
8
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Project Overview
9
Locomotive Powertrain Modeling & Simulations
Hybridization, ESS modeling & Controller development
Component-in-Loop Testing
Prototype
Locomotive
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Modeling in Simulink® and Simscape®
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Model Overview
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Model Overview
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Diesel Engine With Governor
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Main Generator & Load Regulator
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Main Generator & Load Regulator
- Main Generator Abstracted as a DC Machine
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Load Regulating Controller
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Traction Motors & Road Load Model
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Traction Motor with Dynamic Breaking Switchgear
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Dynamic Braking & Auxiliary Loads
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Outline
Hybrid Locomotive Design
Locomotive Simulation
o Locomotive Powertrain Model
o Energy Storage System Design
ESS Hardware In The Loop
o Locomotive Model Hybridization
Questions
20
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Energy Storage System Design
21
Energy Storage System Analogy Diagram. L. Keegan and B. Ballew, Norfolk Southern RR. 2014
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Energy Storage System Design
22
Energy Storage System Analogy Diagram. L. Keegan and B. Ballew, Norfolk Southern RR. 2014
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Energy Storage System Design
23
90th Percentile Single Discharge/Charge Event Profile DB Event Exceedance
Intermodal Train
Energy: 250 kWhPower: 1600 kWESS: 2300 amps @ 700V
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Energy Storage System Design
24
General Merchandise Train
Energy: 615 kWhPower: 2000 kWESS: 3000 amps @ 700V
Profile DB Event Exceedance90th Percentile Single Discharge/Charge Event
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Energy Storage System Design
25
1Battery Types and Characteristics for HEV. ThermoAnalytics, Inc.2 Supercapacitor Perfomance Characteristics . MaxwellTechnologies, Inc.3 Utility Scale Energy Storage Systems – State Forcasting Group. Purdue University. 4 Overview of current and future energy storage technologies for electric power applications. Electricity Authority of Cyprus.
Technology Energy Density (Wh/kg)
Power Density (W/kg)
Cycle Life (cycles)
Efficiency (%) Cost ($/kWh)
Lead Acid1 30 100 200 70 $110
Lithium Ion1 125 300 800 85 $500
Nickel Metal Hydride1
65 200 1,000 80 $525
Super Capacitor2 30 10,000 1,000,000 95 $20,000
Flywheel3,4 100 5,000 100,000 85 $8,300
Typical Energy Storage Values
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Outline
Hybrid Locomotive Design
Locomotive Simulation
o Locomotive Powertrain Model
o Energy Storage System Design
ESS Hardware In The Loop
o Locomotive Model Hybridization
Questions
26
![Page 27: Electrical Energy Storage System Characterization Studies ... 2014... · Energy Storage System Design 25 1Battery Types and Characteristics for HEV.ThermoAnalytics, Inc. 2 Supercapacitor](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042113/5e8f8b8d8967f02e1a5bfbff/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Locomotive Model Hybridization
27
ConventionalConfiguration
Locomotive / Train Set(Power Requirement)
Engineer Diesel Power Plant
Dynamic Brake
DC DriveMotors
Logic
Electrical
Mechanical
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Locomotive Model Hybridization
28
ConventionalMode: Propulsion
Locomotive / Train Set(Power Requirement)
Engineer Diesel Power Plant
Dynamic Brake
DC DriveMotors
Logic
Electrical
Mechanical
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Locomotive Model Hybridization
29
ConventionalMode: Braking
Locomotive / Train Set(Power Requirement)
Engineer Diesel Power Plant
Dynamic Brake
DC DriveMotors
Logic
Electrical Mechanical
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Locomotive Model Hybridization
30
Hybrid ElectricConfiguration
Locomotive / Train Set(Power Requirement)
Engineer Diesel PowerPlant
DC/DCConverter
DC DriveMotors
High VoltageBattery
Dynamic Brake
Hybrid Controller
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Hybrid Controller
31
Hybrid ElectricConfiguration
Locomotive / Train Set(Power Requirement)
Engineer Diesel PowerPlant
DC/DCConverter
DC DriveMotors
High VoltageBattery
Dynamic Brake
Hybrid Controller
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Hybrid Controller
32
Hybrid Controller
Limit Control Energy Power
o Voltage o Current
Thermalo Cooling Systems On/Offo De-rating limits
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Hybrid Controller
33
Hybrid Controller
Optimal Operation
Blending liquid fuel and electrical energy consumption Efficiency of each component in a particular range Generate a map off line for use in the vehicle
Stochastic dynamic programing Maximize offset of diesel fuel and minimize emissions Minimize the cost function for optimal operation in all scenarios
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Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Testing
34
Computer Simulation of the
locomotive power plant
Simulation Computer
Electrical Power Processor
Replaceable Battery Under
Test
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Questions?
35
Federal Railroad
Administration