electrical engineering basics - what design engineers need to know
DESCRIPTION
Here is a presentation of basic electrcial engineering concepts for other design disciplinesTRANSCRIPT
Initial Design DiscussionInitial Design DiscussionWhat the Project Engineer Needs What the Project Engineer Needs
to Knowto Know
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AgendaAgenda
What the Project Engineer Needs to KnowWhat the Project Engineer Needs to Know Electrical Design ElementsElectrical Design Elements
The LoadThe Load The SourceThe Source ProtectionProtection Monitor and Control Monitor and Control
SummarySummary Q & AQ & A
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What the Project Engineer Needs What the Project Engineer Needs to Knowto Know
Information from the PM – The Load ListInformation from the PM – The Load List What are the loads?What are the loads?
MotorsMotors HeatersHeaters
What are the hp or kw ratings?What are the hp or kw ratings? Where are they located?Where are they located?
OutdoorsOutdoors IndoorsIndoors
What is the classification of the What is the classification of the area?area?
Is a control panel specified?Is a control panel specified?
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The LoadThe Load
Utilizes power Utilizes power (voltage and current)(voltage and current)
Has electrical ratingsHas electrical ratings Must be protectedMust be protected Must be controlledMust be controlled Can be monitoredCan be monitored
© Baldor Electric Co.
© LDPI, Inc.
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Electrical Design ElementsElectrical Design Elements
Magnitude, quality, characteristics, demand, Magnitude, quality, characteristics, demand, coincidence or diversity of loads, and load coincidence or diversity of loads, and load factorsfactors
Service, distribution, and utilization voltages Service, distribution, and utilization voltages and voltage regulationand voltage regulation
Flexibility, reliability, continuity, and safetyFlexibility, reliability, continuity, and safety Operation and maintenanceOperation and maintenance Special requirements associated with the Special requirements associated with the
process and process environment process and process environment Legally required, optional Legally required, optional
standby/emergency systemsstandby/emergency systems Energy conservation and DOE complianceEnergy conservation and DOE compliance
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Electrical Design ElementsElectrical Design Elements
Service, distribution, and utilization Service, distribution, and utilization voltages and voltage regulationvoltages and voltage regulation Electrical Site planElectrical Site plan Utility connectionsUtility connections
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Electrical Design DevelopmentElectrical Design Development For new facilities power designFor new facilities power design
Determine total plant load (building and process)Determine total plant load (building and process) Develop single line diagramDevelop single line diagram Model loads Model loads Evaluate protective device settings and coordinateEvaluate protective device settings and coordinate Document final protective settingsDocument final protective settings
For existing facilities power designFor existing facilities power design Document existing conditions – confirm and revise existing single Document existing conditions – confirm and revise existing single
line diagramline diagram Evaluate the system and prepare a reportEvaluate the system and prepare a report Update single line diagramUpdate single line diagram Implement recommendationsImplement recommendations Model new loads on the existing system and re-evaluateModel new loads on the existing system and re-evaluate Document protective settingsDocument protective settings
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The Power Source The Power Source
Flywheel UPS© Liebert
Engine Generator Set© Cummins Power Generation
Pole Mounted Transformers Pad Mounted Transformers
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The Power Source The Power Source
Current installations Current installations includeinclude Government Government
telecommunications telecommunications and data storage and data storage centerscenters
Medical facilitiesMedical facilities National television National television
networksnetworks
Flywheel UPS
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The Power Source The Power Source
AdvantagesAdvantages Smaller foot printSmaller foot print Green technologyGreen technology
Non toxicNon toxic Non corrosiveNon corrosive
Quiet operationQuiet operation Lower long term costsLower long term costs
Flywheel UPS
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The Power SourceThe Power Source
DisadvantagesDisadvantages Higher initial costHigher initial cost Short term loadingShort term loading
Example: The Pentadyne VSSdc unit at WBRZ is rated at Example: The Pentadyne VSSdc unit at WBRZ is rated at 160 kilowatt for 13 seconds.160 kilowatt for 13 seconds.
http://www.energyandpowermanagement.com/CDA/Articles
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Substation 13.2kV; 69kV; 115kV
Plant Distribution4160V; 480V; 208V
Control120V
Signal24V
Nominal System VoltagesNominal System Voltages
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Working ClearancesWorking Clearancesunder 600Vunder 600V
NEC® 2005
Clearances shall be provided& maintained to permit ready and safe operation and maintenance
Examination Adjustment Servicing Maintenance
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Working ClearancesWorking Clearancesunder 600Vunder 600V
2005 NEC Article 110.26 Spaces About Electrical Equipment (C) Entrance to Working Space. (2) Large Equipment. For equipment rated 1,200A or more, an entrance measuring not less than 24 in. wide and 61/2 ft high, is required at each end of the working space. Where the entrance to the working spacehas a door, the door must open out and be equipped with panic hardware or other devices that open under simple pressure.
This material was extracted from Mike Holt Training Materials copyright 2007 by permission.Visit www.NECCode.com or call 1.888.NEC.Code (632-2633) for more information.
NEC® 2002
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Working ClearancesWorking Clearancesunder 600Vunder 600V
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Working ClearancesWorking Clearancesover 600Vover 600V
NEC® 2005
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ProtectionProtection Fixed Trip (Inverse Time)Fixed Trip (Inverse Time)
15A – 50A [ 5A]15A – 50A [ 5A] 60A – 110A [10A]60A – 110A [10A] 125A -300A [25A]125A -300A [25A] 300A – 500A [50A]300A – 500A [50A] 600 – 800 [100A]600 – 800 [100A] 1000 1000 12001200 16001600 20002000 25002500 30003000 40004000 50005000 60006000
Low Voltage Circuit Breakers© Square D
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ProtectionProtection
Low Voltage Fuses [250V – 600V]Low Voltage Fuses [250V – 600V] Dual-element, time-delay fuse Class JDual-element, time-delay fuse Class J Current-limiting Class RK1Current-limiting Class RK1 Time-delay, current-limiting, rejection-Time-delay, current-limiting, rejection-
type Class CCtype Class CC Time-delay Class LTime-delay Class L Dual-element, time-delay fuse Class Dual-element, time-delay fuse Class
RK5RK5 Medium voltageMedium voltage
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ProtectionProtection Circuit breakers tested to show Circuit breakers tested to show
arc flash hazard risk category as arc flash hazard risk category as referenced by NFPA70E referenced by NFPA70E
800 A to 6000 A frames, fixed and 800 A to 6000 A frames, fixed and draw-out draw-out
Rated for AC voltage systems Rated for AC voltage systems through 600 V (635 V ANSI) through 600 V (635 V ANSI)
Visual contact wear indicators Visual contact wear indicators Field-installable accessories Field-installable accessories
common to all standards common to all standards Four interchangeable Micrologic Four interchangeable Micrologic
trip units to choose from trip units to choose from Available PowerLogic® based Available PowerLogic® based
power metering and monitoring power metering and monitoring capabilities capabilities
Available protective relay functions Available protective relay functions as defined by ANSI C37.2 and as defined by ANSI C37.2 and C37.90 C37.90
Power Circuit Breakers with Arc Flash Protection
© Square D
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ProtectionProtection
Vacuum circuit breakersVacuum circuit breakers Rated at 5kV, 15kV, Rated at 5kV, 15kV,
27kV and 38kV27kV and 38kV ANSI C37.09 StandardANSI C37.09 Standard
Protective relaysProtective relays Over voltageOver voltage Under voltageUnder voltage Phase reversalPhase reversal Single phaseSingle phase
Medium Voltage Circuit Breaker© Eaton Cutler-Hammer
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ProtectionProtection
Medium Voltage FusesMedium Voltage Fuses E rated (transformers and feeders)E rated (transformers and feeders) Fast-actingFast-acting R rated (motor circuit protection)R rated (motor circuit protection) H & N (high surge)H & N (high surge) K (fast)K (fast) T (slow)T (slow)
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Monitor and ControlMonitor and Control
MetersMeters Utility and submeters [kW-h]Utility and submeters [kW-h] Voltage - voltmetersVoltage - voltmeters Current - ammetersCurrent - ammeters Flow – flow metersFlow – flow meters
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Monitor and ControlMonitor and Control
For Motor LoadsFor Motor Loads Variable Frequency ControllersVariable Frequency Controllers Reduced Voltage StartersReduced Voltage Starters Delta-Wye StartersDelta-Wye Starters
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Monitor and ControlMonitor and Control
For Process DevicesFor Process Devices Control ValvesControl Valves Pressure SwitchesPressure Switches Level SwitchesLevel Switches
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SummarySummary Electrical Design categories can be defined as Electrical Design categories can be defined as
Load, Load, Source,Source, Protection Protection Control and monitoringControl and monitoring
Load lists provided by the PM are used to develop single line Load lists provided by the PM are used to develop single line diagrams and P&ID’sdiagrams and P&ID’s
The power source to the load is determined based on the site The power source to the load is determined based on the site factors and load requirementsfactors and load requirements
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SummarySummary Electrical systems require protectionElectrical systems require protection
Electrical protectionElectrical protection Over currentOver current Over voltageOver voltage Phase reversalPhase reversal Transients Transients
Physical protection from the environmentPhysical protection from the environment NEMA rated enclosuresNEMA rated enclosures
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SummarySummary Load lists are used to develop integrated, system documentsLoad lists are used to develop integrated, system documents Single line diagrams – power Single line diagrams – power
Used for road maps for the facilityUsed for road maps for the facility Safe shut downsSafe shut downs Clear operationsClear operations
Used for short circuit and coordination studiesUsed for short circuit and coordination studies Guide for impact studiesGuide for impact studies
Process &Instrumentation DiagramsProcess &Instrumentation Diagrams Control Control MonitoringMonitoring
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DiscussionDiscussion
Thank You!
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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements