PowerPoint Presentation

Electrical Safety and Compliance for the Condominium Manager

Tracy Jastrow

InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. 13 Things You Need to KnowElectrical Safety is EVERYONES RESPONSIBILITYElectrical Safety is PREDICTABLE Electrical Accidents are PREVENTABLEInfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. 2SAFETY - RELATED WORK PRACTICES

Responsibility: Employer/Employee: The employer must communicate to workers the safety related work practices required and the employee must implement those work practicesInfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. CSA Z462-12WORKPLACE ELECTRICAL SAFETYThere are two parts of the workplace electrical safety standard that every employer should be aware of: Clause 4: Safety Related work practices covers electrical practices and procedures for workers who are exposed to an electrical hazard in workplaces covered in the scope of this Standard.First and foremost is that everyone must take responsibility for safe work practices.

3SAFETY - RELATED WORK PRACTICESResponsibility: Host Employer:The host employer must inform contract employers of any hazards related to the work being performed and share any information about their installation that the contract employer needs to make the required safety related assessments. The host employer is also responsible for reporting any worker violations to the contract employer.InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. CSA Z462-12WORKPLACE ELECTRICAL SAFETYFor Example:4SAFETY - RELATED WORK PRACTICESResponsibility: Contract Employer:The contract employer must ensure that any information about these hazards are relayed from the host employer to the their workers, and ensure that their workers follow the work practices required by the standards AND any safety related work rules required by the HOST employer.InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. CSA Z462-12WORKPLACE ELECTRICAL SAFETYFor Example:5CSA Z462-12WORKPLACE ELECTRICAL SAFETYThe contract employer shall advise the host employer of:

(a) any unique hazards presented by the contract employers work;(b) any unanticipated hazards found during the contract employers work that the host employer did notmention; and(c) the measures the contractor took to correct any violations reported by the host employer under Clause 4.1.5.1.2 and to prevent such violations from recurring.InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. Example6Proactive Safety MeasuresInfrared InspectionsArc Flash StudyHigh Voltage/Substation MaintenanceInfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

INFRARED THERMOGRAPHYRadiation emitted by all objects on the molecular level, the more activity of the molecule the more heat generated

8Beginnings of Electrical Fire1600 Amp Bolt-Lock Switch

High Priority FaultVisible signs of burning across B and C phases due to arcing.Isolate and Replace all fusesInfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. This high priority anomaly was found in the main disconnect for a condo building with over 200 suites. There were already visible signs of burning across two phases which signifies arcing. 9Fuse PanelsImproper load balance, poor connection, or bad fuses can cause overheatingInfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

10Knife blades show thermal variance due to loose connections. Starter InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Low priority fault on A phase possibly loose lug connection migrating through conductor

11Critical FaultJunction Box 14th floor (spot temp = 149C)Heat migrating through bus riser

Visible signs of melting plastic and metal

InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. 12Critical FaultHeat from Junction Box migrating thru Bus Riser 12 floorInfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

13Main Breaker Fuse Barrels

InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. Medium priority, Thermal variances detected across b and c phase fuse barrels, should be rescanned in 90 days to check for increased temps. 14HVAC MotorsThermal Variance across Motor Windings

Recommended to perform vibration analysis

InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. A typical motor operating at 10C over design cuts the life of a motor in half Hot motors are drawing more electricity than normal

15Return on InvestmentTypical costs to repair prior to failure : repair after failure 1:7Predict and Prevent production down timeHealth and Safety Tenants, WorkersEnergy savings and reduced carbon footprintInfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. 16Source : Maintenance Technology Online MagasineElectrical Energy SavingsWhen load demands more power than rating; excess power converted to heatA 40 degree delta on one 3-phase/30Amp transformer will result in a min. 13% rise in consumptionMULTIPLY :Typical plant will save thousands yearly on energy aloneInfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

17Predictive to PreventivePredictive Maintenance (PdM) utilizes non-destructive testing methods to evaluate the working condition (while online) of various types of equipment and systems in order to predict the most cost-effective maintenance schedulePreventive maintenance (PM) scheduled, planned maintenance procedures are followed in order to keep equipment working efficiently and/or extend the life of equipment using both preventive and corrective (repair) measures. InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. 18Electrical Preventive MaintenanceStructure or Metal Clad SwitchgearHigh Voltage, Air Circuit Breakers and Disconnect SwitchesHigh Voltage RelaysHigh Voltage Power TransformersLow Voltage Circuit Breakers, Fused Disconnect Switches and Enclosures

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High priority fault in main 1200 amp pringle pressure contact switch19Low Voltage Preventive MaintenanceInspect, clean and lubricate all breakers, FDS and enclosuresInspect all for signs of overheatingInspect main arcing contacts and arc shutesMeasure contact resistanceInspect, clean and test all tripping devicesVerify associated meters (ground fault, voltmeter ammeter)Vacuum and clean breakers/switch compartmentInfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Low priority fault in main disconnect, 1600Amp ACB thermal variance across C main contacts and switch mechanism. Recommendation to Clean, lubricate, re-torque all connections lubricate and exercise switch mechanism. Being the main breaker this would require a shutdown from hydro services. 20Transformer Preventive MaintenanceTwo 45 KVA open wound dry-type transformersInfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

21Transformers

1: low-voltage bus2: clamp bolts3: high voltage bus4: core5: high voltage winding6: tap7: tap terminals8: transformer base9: lifting channels10: lifting channels 11: air channel12: high voltage winding conductors13: low voltage conductorsInfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. 22Transformer FailureCause of FailuresElectrical Disturbances29.43%Lightning17.32%Insulation Issues9.80%Electrical connections, loose or high resistance7.38%Maintenance Issues5.91%Moisture4.03%Overload2.01%Sabotage2.01%Other1.24%The leading cause of transformer failures is line disturbance. This includes switching surges, voltage spikes, line faults/flashovers, and abnormalities but not lightning.

*20 year study conducted by Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Co.InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. A transformer can fail from any combination of electrical, mechanical or thermal factors. While it is difficult to define a typical failure mode for a transformer due to its complexity, most actual failures involve and eventually result from the breakdown of the transformers insulation system. Therefore, although the actual cause of the failure may be electrical, the insulation breakdown precipitating the failure may have resulted from electrical, mechanical or thermal factors. 23Electrically Induced FactorsOperation under transient or sustained over-voltage conditionsExposure to lightning surges or switching surgesPartial Discharge (Corona) Video LinkStatic Electrification

InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. Partial Discharge or CORONA can be caused by poor insulation system design, manufacturing defects and/or by contamination of the insulation system (both solid and oil). It can be likened to a low intensity arcing and will cause localized damage to the insulation and conductors. Evidence of corona can be seen in pitting of the cellulose insulation and conductor and, in more advanced cases, widespread black tracking which resembles crows feet. This tracking is electrically conductive and can be visible on insulation barrier boards in the vicinity or the partial discharge activity. The black color of the tracks is formed by carbonization of the insulation oil by the partial discharge. Where IR would not pick up corona discharge, airborne ultrasound detection will hear it. 24Flashover across glass fog type Insulators

InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. 25Mechanically Induced FactorsHoop buckling of the innermost winding (image)Conductor tippingConductor telescopingSpiral tighteningEnd-ring crushingFailure of the coil clamping systemDisplacement of incoming and outgoing leads

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26Thermally Induced FactorsOverloading of transformer beyond its capacity for extended periods Failure of cooling system, including blocking or fouling of radiators or coolers, failure of oil pumps and/or failure of a directed flow oil distribution systemBlockage of axial oil duct spaces, limiting cooling oil distribution to windingsOperating in an overexcited condition (over-voltage or under-frequency)Operation under excessive ambient temperature conditions

InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. This video of an overloaded transformer causing arc flash brings us to the topic of arc flash safety. 27Overloaded Transformer Arc FlashInfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

28 Arc Flash Safety InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. Roles and ResponsibilityCause of Arc FlashElectrical Systems AnalysisBoundariesPersonal Protective Equipment in relationship to Arc FlashLabeling of electrical equipment for Arc Flash Rating and PPE requirements29What is Arc Flash?

InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. Electrical arcs can produce temps up to 35,000 degrees fahrenheit, four times greater than the temperature of thesuns surface. As an arc runs it course, electrical energy continues to transform into extremely hazardous forms of energy that can create blinding light, intense heat, thermo0acoustic effect, molten metal, toxic gases and shrapnel and cause contact with energized components. This can occur when electrical insulation or isolation between conductors is broken or can no longer withstand the applied voltage.30What Causes Arc Flash?Dust and impuritiesCorrosionCondensation of water on insulating materialSpark dischargeAccidental touching, dropping toolsImproperly maintained electrical metersOver-voltages across narrow gapsFailure to insulate materialImproperly designed or utilized equipmentImproper work procedures. human error

InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. 31Everyone is ResponsibleThe Host Employer:Determine all possible sources of electrical supply to specific equipmentProvide training in electrical and arc flash hazards and protection (PPE)Conduct an arc flash analysis of the work placeEstablish shock and arc flash protection boundariesPlace appropriate warning labels on equipmentInfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. The contractor or employee is responsible for following safety rules and worker protection codes, wear all prescribed PPE and report any defective electrical or safety equipment.32LabellingInfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Protecting WorkersIR WindowsEvery time a panel is open to live equipment there is a chance of arc flash due to unseen circumstances. IR windows allow workers and/or thermographers to inspect from outside the panel.

InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. ResourcesCSA, for Canadian Electrical Code, Arc Flash safety standards etc. visit www.csa.caElectrical Safety Authority, report an incident, find a licensed contractor www.esasafe.comToronto Hydro, www.torontohydro.comEnersource (Mississauga Hydro), www.enersource.com OPA, Ontario Power Authority, www.powerauthority.on.ca

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