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Electrical substation

Electrical substation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_substatio

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A 50 Hz electrical substation in Melbourne. This is

showing 3 of the 5 220 kV/66 kV transformers each

with a capacity of 185 MVA.

A 115 kV to 41.6/12.47 kV 5 MVA 60 Hz

substation with circuit switcher, regulators, reclosers

and control building at Warren, Minnesota

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system, where voltage is

transformed from high to low, or the reverse, or many other important functions. Electric power may flow

through several substations between generating plant and consumer, and may be changed in voltage in

several steps.

A substation that has a step-up transformer increases the voltage while decreasing the current, while a

step-down transformer decreases the voltage while increasing the current for domestic and commercial

distribution. The word substation comes from the days before the distribution system became a grid. The

first substations were connected to only one power station where the generators were housed, and were

subsidiaries of that power station.

Contents

1 Elements of a substation

2 Transmission substation

3 Distribution substation4 Collector substation

5 Stations with change of current type

6 Switching substation

7 Design

8 Layout

9 Switching function

10 Automation

11 Railways12 Lists

13 See also

14 References and further reading

Elements of a substation

Electrical substation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_substatio

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Electrical substation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical substatio



events. As the complexity of distribution networks grew, it became economically necessary to automate supervision and control of substations from a centrally-

attended point, to allow overall coordination in case of emegencies and to reduce operating costs. Early efforts to remote control substations used dedicated

communication wires, often run along side power circuits. Power-line carrier, microwave radio, fiber optic cables as well as dedicated wired remote control

circuits have all been applied to Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) for substations. The development of the microprocessor made for an

exponential increase in the number of points that could be economically controlled and monitored. Today, standardized communication protocols such asDNP3, IEC 61850 and Modbus, to list a few, are used to allow multiple intelligent electronic devices to communicate with each other and supervisory control

centers. Distributed automatic control at substations is one element of the so-called smart grid.

Railways

Main article: Traction substation

Electrified railways also use substations, often distribution substations. In some cases a conversion of the current type takes place, commonly with rectifiers for

direct current(DC) trains, or rotary converters for trains using alternating current(AC) other than that of the public grid. Sometimes they are also transmission

substations or collector substations if the railway network also operates its own grid and generators.

Lists

List of EHV-substations in GermanyList of EHV-substations in Austria

List of EHV-substations in Switzerland

See also

Insulator (electrical)

Power stationElectricity pylon

Transformer

Static VAR compensator

Vehicle-to-grid

Power line carrier communication

IEC61850

Static inverter plantTraction substation

Electrical substation Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_substatio

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Electrical substation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical substatio



References and further reading

^ Transformer fire Video (http://www.metacafe.com/watch/39058/transformer_fire_video/)1.

Overview of substation design and layout (http://www.eng.uwi.tt/depts/elec/staff/alvin/ee35t/notes/Substation-Design.html)US Department of Agriculture engineering design manual for rural substations (http://www.usda.gov/rus/electric/pubs/1724e300/1724e300.pdf)

IEEE Green Book - Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (http://standards.ieee.org/colorbooks/sampler

/greenbook.html)

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Categories: Electric power

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