Thinking aheadElectricity network

andelectric vehicles

Jesús García Martín

28 September 2015, ISPRA (Italy)

1Transatlantic e-Mobility Market

An Industry-led stakeholder forum charged with definingresearch priorities in a broad range of technological areas

–provides an independent framework

–to define agendas, priorities, and action plans

–for research and technological developments

–in areas where Europe requires major advances

–in the medium to long term.

An ETP is also to:

–provide input to European and National

research funding schemes.

–foster effective public-private partnerships,

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2Transatlantic e-Mobility Market

Smart Distribution SystemsModelling Power Systems and ICT together

– eg. volatility & response time

Observability at Distribution Level– cost effective techniques

Power Electronics Technologies– for Smart distribution

EVI (Electric Vehicle Integration)

Risk based operation

DC distribution grids & integration into AC grids

Priority Topics (1/4)

3Transatlantic e-Mobility Market

Microgrids

Cyber Security

Smart Transmission Systems Power Technologies to increase network flexibility

– inc. Integration of new technologies

Monitoring and control technologies for the Pan-European network

Pan-European market tools– for system adequacy, efficiency, large-scale RES

Market mechanisms– eg. ancillary services & balancing

Long-term asset management

Priority Topics (2/4)

4Transatlantic e-Mobility Market

The integration of demand-side management 2035at DSO level into TSO operations and vice-versa

Ancillary services provided through DSOs– new ancillary services; not just load tripping

Distributed self-organisation vs. central control

Energy Cloud– “big data” associated with the electrical network

Infrastructure integrating Energy/Electricity and ICT

Consumer Maturity– no single type; adaptation times vary

Legislation/Regulation: New energy-market designs– market creativity vs economic stability + security of supply, etc.

Priority Topics (3/4)

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Transatlantic e-Mobility Market

Integrated sustainable, secure and economicelectrical systems Observability and Control

– eg.ICT for Control, WAMS, etc; detection of anomalies/patterns

Widespread Storage within the Grid– different types: bulk, off-shore, local; synergies between them

Self-healing– and interaction with protection & control

Advanced components

VPP (Virtual power plants) and market

Operator Issues, Training and Education

Priority Topics (4/4)

6Transatlantic e-Mobility Market

Transatlantic e-Mobility Market

1. THE DEMANDWhat electric vehicles demand to the grid

1. It is a load(voltage and power)

2. It is a battery(electrochemical)

3. Power Vs. Charging time

1. THE DEMANDWhat electric vehicles demand to the grid

Battery. Charging regime

1. THE DEMANDWhat electric vehicles demand to the grid

Battery. Recharging cycles

1. THE DEMANDWhat electric vehicles demand to the grid

Fast charging

1. THE DEMANDWhat electric vehicles demand to the grid

Summary

• Slow charging. 3,5kW (220 V)-5 hours(number of cycles with recharge capacity up to 10 years of typical drive)

• Fast charging. 40-70 kW (380 V 3 fases)-30 minutes(reduction of the number of cycles depending on the combination slow/fastchargings)

¿Will vehicles be equipped with both charging types?(the charger-converter in fast option is 10 times more expensive than the slowone)

• Mobile charge. It moves.

2. THE ELECTRICITY SYSTEMNeed of charging control

Vehicle park forecast

Electric vehicles – Potential market

2. THE ELECTRICITY SYSTEMNeed of charging control

Impact on the system

– 1 Million EV estimated, travelling 10.000 Km yearly on average, with a consume of 20 kWh/100Km. Theaggregated energy demand is 20 GWh (<1%, of 256.000 GWh of yearly national consumption) (*)

– With two ssuppositions:

– EV are charged 90% during the night

– EV are charged 50% during the night, and 50% during the day

• The conclusion is that in any case 1 million EV implies a relevant demand increase for thegrid.

( *) The reduction of national electric consumption due to the implementation of efficient lightning is estimated on 1%yearly, for the next 5 years.

2. THE ELECTRICITY SYSTEMNeed of charging control

EV charging control

1. Prices, which stimulate charging inthe most convenient moments.

2. Technical, to ensure in everymoment the stability of the system

2. THE ELECTRICITY SYSTEMNeed of charging control in EV

3. DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

Type Numbers

Substations (ST & STR) Thousands

(1.300 in IBD)

Surface Distribution Substations +In Poles

Tens ofthousands

(34.000 + 25.000,IBD)

Underground DistributionSubstations

Tens ofthousands

(25.000, IBD)

Points of supply Millions

(10.600.000, IBD)

4. CHARGING POINTSCharging infrastructures: impact on the network

Individual garages• The majority will use slow charging.• No impact in the network

Collective private garages(inc. companies)

• The majority will use slow charging.• No impact in the network

Garages of public access(privates or public property)

• Preference for the fast chargings (typicalparking duration: 2 hours)• It will be necessary a supply point (it can be upto MV) as in every consumption center

Non-vigilated parkings (publicroute)

• Higher complexity for the implementation andmaintenance of the infrastructure

Charging stations of EV• It will require MV and HV supply, depending onthe number of charging points

5. CONCLUSION (I)

• The electric vehicle demands different power dependingon the charging type of its battery.

• The slow charging is the best one for the batteries(current technology).

• The electricity system (production, transmission anddistribution network) is ready to charge, in a managedway, the electric vehicle.

• Capability does not mean availability.

5. CONCLUSION (II)

• The management will have to be done by price signals andby technical means.

• The metering usage and telecommunications will allowsuch management within the distribution networks.

• Do not forget the regulatory issues.

• The final efficiency must take into account the efficiencyof the overall chain (from production to consumption).

• V2G options are strongly linked with an overall efficientsolution.

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Any Questions?

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Thank you for your attention

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