electricity options for the future by barry lake
TRANSCRIPT
33--AugAug--0909
Electricity Options for the FutureRENEWABLE ENERGY
2 3-Aug-09
Want is Renewable Energy?
“Renewable Energy is energy which is renewable within a human lifetime and can be produced safely and equitably for all time with minimal impact on the environment and future
inhabitants”
CleanNon-pollutingSustainable
3 3-Aug-09
Why Renewable Energy
Climate change
Mandatory Renewable Energy Target(MRET – the 20/20 target)
Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme(CPRS)
Renewable Energy Development Program(REDP)
Solar Flagships
4 3-Aug-09
Why is renewable energy such a ‘big ask’?
High cost
Risky
Lack of despatchability
Different
5 3-Aug-09
Main Renewable Energy Types
Wind
Solar
Biomass
Wave
Geothermal
Tidal
MatureMature
MatureMature
MatureMature
DemonstrationDemonstration
EmergingEmerging
DemonstrationDemonstration
6 3-Aug-09
WINDProven
Available nowThe cheapest renewable
VariableHighly visible
7 3-Aug-09
Most common design used nowadays is;
Three bladedUp-windHorizontal axisPitch controlledSteel, tubular towerEpoxy/polyester bladesVariable or constant speed
The Modern Wind Turbine
3-Aug-098Coral Bay (2007) – tilt down wind turbine
Photo courtesy Verve Energy
9 3-Aug-09
Wind Turbines Are Getting Bigger
Photos courtesy Verve Energy
30kW30kW 225kW225kW 225kW225kW 600kW600kW 600kW600kW1.8MW1.8MW
3-Aug-0910Cathedral Rocks, SA, 2004
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SOLAR
ProvenAvailable nowNext in line?
Predictable outputLoad coincident
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The Earth’s Sun Belt
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Solar Energy – Two Types
Photo VoltaicPV
Sunlight to Electricity
Concentrating Solar Power CSP
Sunlight to Heat to Electricity
HeatHeat
ElectricityElectricity
Solar ConcentratorSolar Concentrator
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Photovoltaics
Photovoltaics
PVSunlight to Electricity
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PhotoVoltaic (PV)
Flat Plate PV
Thin Film PV
Concentrating PV
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Solar Systems Ltd. Dish/ PV
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CSP
Concentrating Solar Power
CSPSunlight to Heat
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Main CSP Types
Central Receiver
Parabolic Dish Engine
ConcentratingLinear FresnelReflector
Parabolic Trough
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CSP - Parabolic Trough
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CSP - Parabolic Dish (Stirling Engine)
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Spain PS10 & PS20 Power Towers
Source: Koza1983
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3-Aug-0923
A Giant Footprint
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Wave Energy
WAVE ENERGY
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Wave Energy
CONTACT CARNEGIE RE CONTACT CARNEGIE RE USEUSE
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Dry Hot Rocks
DRY HOT ROCKS
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Geothermal – “Hot Rocks”
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But it is not all good news
High Cost
Technology Risks
Intermittency
Energy Storage
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Costs
Capital Costvs
Energy Cost (Levelised Cost Of Energy)
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LCOE
$/kWh$/kWh
TimeTime
CoalGas
Wind
CSP
PV
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Technology Risks
Risk of scale-up
Cost overruns
Failure to meet performance targets
Failure to work
These risks affect project BANKABILITY
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DespatchabilityDespatchability
Energy StorageEnergy Storage
PredictabilityPredictability
Load FollowingLoad Following
Dance PartnerDance Partner
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The Holy Grail
Energy StorageEnergy Storage
ElectricityElectricity
HeatHeat
OtherOther
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Hot Salt – Thermal Energy Storage
SunlightElectricity
3-Aug-0935
In Conclusion
Future of renewables in WA
Early movers – wind & biomass
Next movers - solar and wave
Major challenges - cost and technology risk
There will be no single winner