electromagnetic radiation (emr)

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Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) GROUP 5TH 1. SALMI SEPRIANTI (1310411054) 2. RIZQA KHAIRATI (1210412012) 3. LUTFI

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Analytical Chemoistry

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Page 1: Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)GROUP 5TH

1. SALMI SEPRIANTI (1310411054)

2. RIZQA KHAIRATI (1210412012)

3. LUTFI

Page 2: Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

Defenition of EMR Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) is a form of energy that is produced by oscillating electric and magnetic disturbance, or by the movement of electrically charged particles traveling through a vacuum or matter.

Electromagnetic radiation is a combination of electric and magnetic fields oscillate and propagate through space and carrying energy from one place to another . Visible light is a form of electromagnetic radiation.

Page 3: Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

... EMRThe electric and magnetic fields come at right angles to each other and combined wave moves perpendicular to both magnetic and electric oscillating fields thus the disturbance.

Electron radiation is released as photons, which are bundles of light energy that travel at the speed of light as quantized harmonic waves. This energy is then grouped into categories based on its wavelength into the electromagnetic spectrum. These electric and magnetic waves travel perpendicular to each other and have certain characteristics, including amplitude, wavelength, and frequency

Page 4: Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

Properties of EMR• Electromagnetic radiation has two properties : as waves and matter (particles)• As WAVES

1. frequency ( ) 2. Power Radiation3. Difraction4. Wavelength () 5. Wavenumber ( )

Page 5: Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)
Page 6: Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

Properties of EMR• As PARTICLES

1. Radiation Energy Energy electromagnetic radiation emitted in the form of quanta ( or photons ) , the energy of the photon will only depend on the frequency.

E = h

2. Particle properties of electromagnetic radiation is indicated by the photoelectric effect

E = h = h c / Information :

E = photon energy (Joule)v = Frequenct of EMRh = constant of Planck = 6,626 x 10–34 J.s c = velocity of light = 3 x 108 m/s = wavelength

Page 7: Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

The Photoelectric Effect

“ Release of electrons at the metal surface due to the photon

energy that falls on the metal surface in a vacuum “

Page 8: Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

Page 9: Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

In general, as a wave’s wavelength increases, the frequency decreases, and as wave’s wavelength decreases, the frequency increases. When electromagnetic energy is released as the energy level increases, the wavelength decreases and frequency decreases. Thus, electromagnetic radiation is then grouped into categories based on its wavelength or frequency into the electromagnetic spectrum. The different types of electromagnetic radiation shown in the electromagnetic spectrum consists of radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays. The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that we are able to see is the visible light spectrum.

Page 10: Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

The electromagnetic spectrum is the distribution of electromagnetic radiation according to energy (or equivalently, by virtue of the relations in the previous section, according to frequency or wavelength). The following table gives approximate wavelengths, frequencies, and energies for selected regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Page 11: Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

Interaction of Radiation and Matter

When an electromagnetic radiation is passed through the material , the electrical components will interact with atoms and molecules in the material.

Kinds of interactions that occur very dependent on the kind of material : Radiation transmission Radiation absorption

In atomic absorption / molecule will undergo excitation to higher energy levels.

Scattering radiation / scattering process Occurs because of the collision between the electromagnetic radiation in a medium with large particles.

Page 12: Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

Interaction of Radiation and MatterWave Phenomena• Refraction Methode• Reflection Methode

Energy Phenomena• Absorption Methode• Emition Methode

Page 13: Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

Types of Interaction between Radiation and Matter Reflection & scattering

Refraction & dispersion

Absorption & transition

Luminescence & emission

Page 14: Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

Measurement of Transmittance and Absorbance Transmittance

When a beam of radiation with intensity ( Io ) is passed through a solution in a transparent container , the most radiation will be absorbed , so that the intensity of the transmitted radiation ( It ) becomes smaller than ( Io )

Transmittance with symbol T of the solution is a fraction of the radiation transmitted or transmitted by a solution , namely :

Page 15: Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

Measurement of Transmittance and Absorbance Absorbance

Absorbance has a symbol of A solution is the logarithm of 1 / T or logarithmic Io / It .

T1

log A

t

0

II

log

(T) log-

when A = 0 that the radiation passed 100 %when A = 1 the radiation passed 10 %

Page 16: Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

Quantitative relationship Radiation with Matter

Absorptivitas dan Absortivitas Molar

Absorbance is directly proportional to the thick solution ( b ) and concentration ( C ) , namely :

Information :A = absorbansia = proporsional constants or absorptivitas = L g-1 cm-1

b = ketebalan (cm)C = konsentrasi larutan = g L-1

Page 17: Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

If the concentration of C is expressed in moles / liter ( Molar ) and Thickness in cm , then Absortivitas called Molar Absorptivity () , so that :

A = b CNote :e = L mol-1cm-1

Beer's law states that : “ the absorbance is directly proportional to the thickness and concentration “ .

Page 18: Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

Quantitative relationship Radiation with Matter

LAMBERT-BEER’S LAW

Relation of absorbance (A) and concentration (C) will make a straight line through (0,0).

Page 19: Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

References Anonymous. Electromagnetic Radiation. (http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Spectroscopy/Fundamentals/Electromagnetic_Radiation) accessed at 15th January 2015