Electronic eye for night device switching using 555 timer

BY K.Ranga Uma Maheshwar Rao [107Z1A0205]

S.Yadagiri Reddy [107Z1A0240]B.Venkanna [107Z1A0205]T.Pavan Kishore [107Z1A0243]

Under the guidance of : Mr Rajesh Kumar Samala

Asst.professor , nnresgi

CONTENTS

• ABSTRACT• MAIN MODULES• CIRCUIT DIAGRAM• ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGE• APPLICATIONS• RESULT• CONCLUSION• FUTURE SCOPE• REFERENCE• QUIRES

ABSTRACT

• The aim of the project is to develop an intelligent system which senses the person’s presence in the hall along with day/night to switch ON/OFF the electrical appliances

• The system is designed to switch ON the electrical device if it is night along with person’s presence in the hall.

• This will save the power wastage…

MAIN MODULES

Introduction with block diagram Regulated power supply PIR sensorPotentiometer LDR sensor555 Timer Relay

Regulated power supply

The major blocks of power supply are given below• Transformer• Rectifier• Filter• 7805 voltage regulator

Transformer

Transformer is a electromagnetic device which induces the voltage due to magnetic field present between primary and secondary windings.

It has two windings called as primary winding and secondary winding. We are giving input 230v input voltage at primary side. The output of transformer is 9v(ac only).

In this project we are using 9v step down transformer

Rectifier Rectifier is circuit which converts the ac in to dc. We have

two types of rectifier.1. Full wave rectifier2. Half wave rectifier

Full wave rectifier again classified as follows3. Bridge rectifier4. Centertapped full wave rectifier

In this project we are using bridge rectifier because the efficiency of the bridge rectifier is high compare to all rectifiers.

Filter

• The output of rectifier is not pure DC. It may contain some ripple components that is pulsating DC. To eliminate this ripple components which are present in output we are using filter.

• Filter is a circuit which is used to eliminate the ripples present in rectified output.

• We have many types of filters.

• Most of the power supplies are using capacitor filte• to filter out the ripples present in output.

Regulator

• The output of filter is not constant output voltage it will varies according to changes in input but we want constant output voltage. For this purpose we are using voltage regulator.

• Regulator is defined as it is a device which will maintain constant output irrespective of changes in input.

• The most popular regulator series is 78xx series. This series have more advantages.

• We are using 7805 voltage regulator to maintain constant 5v output voltage irrespective of changes in input voltage.

PIR sensor

PIR stands for Passive Infra-Red. A Passive Infrared sensor(PIR sensor) is an electronic device that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view.

PIR sensors are often used in the construction of PIR-based motion detectors. Apparent motion is detected when an infrared source with one temperature, such as a human, passes in front of an infrared source with another temperature, such as a wall.

All objects emit black body radiation. It is usually infrared radiation that is invisible to the human eye but can be detected by electronic devices designed for such a purpose.

The built in sensor turns on/off the connected lighting load when it detects motion in the coverage area. It has different working principle during the day time and the night time.

During the day, the built in photocell sensor saves electricity by deactivating the lighting load connected to the sensor.

During the night the connected lighting load is turned on by adjusting the luminosity knob (LUX).

An adjustable time knob lets you select how long the light stays on after activation.

The PIR Sensor detects motion up to 20 feet away by using a Fresnel lens and infrared-sensitive element to detect changing patterns of passive infrared emitted by objects in its vicinity.

This PIR Sensor Module for human body detection is very easy to use.

The term passive in this instance means that the PIR device does not emit an infrared beam but merely passively accepts incoming infrared radiation.

No motion detection system is perfect, but PIR sensors are by far the most sensitive and advanced option. PIR sensor lights are ideal additions to any home security system.

Features of PIR sensor

Complete with PIR, Motion Detection IC and Fresnel Lens

Dual Element Sensor with Low Noise and High Sensitivity

Supply Voltage: 5-20Vdc

Delay Time Adjustable: 5 seconds to 18 Minutes

Standard TTL Output

Module Dimensions: 28mm Length, 38mm Width, 40mm Height

Specifications of PIR sensor

Load Wattage : Max.1000W (incandescent bulb or Max.300W fluorescent lamp)

Detection Area : Max. 20 meters Detection Angle : Max. 120º Time-delay : From 15 seconds to 5 minutes adjustable LUX control  Level :  From  daytime  to  darkness   adjustable

Rated Voltage : 230V AC 50Hz          Advantages of PIR sensor: No accessories required. Very easy to installation.

Applications of PIR sensor

Common staircases.  For parking lights. For garden lights.  For changing rooms in shops. Alarm Systems. Holiday animated Props. Motion-activated lighting. For corridors & many more.

Potentiometer (POT)

• A potentiometer (colloquially known as a "pot") is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider. If only two terminals are used (one side and the wiper), it acts as a variable resistor or rheostat.

• Potentiometers are commonly used to control electrical devices such as volume controls on audio equipment.

• Potentiometers operated by a mechanism can be used as position transducers, for example, in a joystick.

LDR(light dependent resistor)• LDR is one type of resistor. Depending on light falls on it the

resistance of this resistor will be varies.

• That is if light falls on LDR then the resistance will increases and vice versa.

• In this project we are using to find the day and night to control the street lights. At day time the light falls on LDR so resistance increases due to this the current does not flow in the circuit.

• At night time the light does not falls on LDR at this time the resistance of LDR decreases due to this current flows in the circuit. And street lights will be on.

• nalog Applications of LDR:1. Camera Exposure Control2. Photocopy Machines - density of toner3. Colorimetric Test Equipment4. Electronic Scales - dual cell5. Automatic Gain Control – modulated light source6. Automated Rear View Mirror

• Digital Applications of LDR:1. Automatic Headlight Dimmer2. Night Light Control3. Oil Burner Flame Out4. Street Light Control5. Absence / Presence (beam breaker)6. Position Sensor

• The 555 timer is an 8-pin IC that is capable of producing accurate time delays and/or oscillators.

• In the time delay mode, the delay is controlled by one external resistor and capacitor.

• In the oscillator mode, the frequency of oscillation and duty cycle are both controlled with two external resistors and one capacitor.

• This presentation will discuss how to use a 555 timer in the oscillator mode.

22

Timer 555

General Configuration

• Basic connections:– Ground– Vcc

• Note: some 555 timers may function at voltages other than 5 volts.

– Reset (active low)– Output

555.23

1234

8765

Ground

Trigger

Output

Reset

Vcc

Discharge

Threshold

Control

Inside the 555 timer, there are equivalent of over 20 transistors, 15 resistors, and 2 diodes, depending of the manufacturer

Applications using 555 timer:

-Random Flashers -A light dimmer - A car tachometer

-Traffic Lights -Infra Red (IR) remote control

Some of the more attractive features of the 555 timer are: 1) Supply voltage between 4.5 and 18 volt, 2) Supply current 3 to 6 mA3) Rise/Fall time of 100 nSec.

RELAY

► Relay is an electromagnetic switch. . It consists of a coil of wire surrounding a soft iron core, an iron yoke, which provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux, a movable iron armature, and a set, or sets, of contacts; two in the relay pictured. The armature is hinged to the yoke and mechanically linked to a moving contact or contacts.

► When an electric current is passed through the coil, the resulting magnetic field attracts the armature and the consequent movement of the movable contact or contacts either makes or breaks a connection with a fixed contact.

Relay Driver

RELAY CIRCUIT

Applications of relays:

Control a high-voltage circuit with a low-voltage signal, as in some types of modems or audio amplifiers.

Control a high-current circuit with a low-current signal, as in the starter solenoid of an automobile.

Detect and isolate faults on transmission and distribution lines by opening and closing circuit breakers (protection relays).

Advantages:

•Controlling the status of different electrical appliances•Live detection of human presence using PIR sensor.•LDR sensor based day or night light detection.•Low power consumption.•Reliable for industrial and domestic needs•This system helps in energy conservation.•This system eliminates manual switching of devices.•Efficient and low cost design.•Low power consumption.

Advantages &disadvantages

Applications:

•This system can be used in corporate sectors where lots of energy is wasted.

•To save power in waiting halls.

Disadvantages:•This system requires periodic monitoring and maintenance.

•PIR sensor takes some time to sense person presence.

•PIR sensor doesn’t respond when the person is in standby position

Result: The project “Electronic eye for night device switching using 555 timer” was designed such that the devices are controlled based on PIR sensor and LDR senor used as inputs. These sensors are capable of sensing the presence of human being and post the same to the 555 timer IC to control the devices like lights, fans etc..,.

Conclusion:Integrating features of all the hardware components used

have been developed in it. Presence of every module has been reasoned out and placed carefully, thus contributing to the best working of the unit. Secondly, using highly advanced IC’s with the help of growing technology, the project has been successfully implemented. Thus the project has been successfully designed and tested.

Future scope of this project• By using this project we can save more power. That is we can

reduce the wastage of power.

• Here no need of man. The circuit itself checks the presence of vehicle and also checks whether it is day or night time. Once we switch on the circuit it automatically performs all this actions without man handling.

• At night time also whenever vehicle comes at that time only light brightness increases after few seconds it will come to normal position that is decreases light brightness.

• It is the most advantage of this project. For these all reasons in future this project may be used in all streets to save power.

REFERENCES

The sites which were used while doing this project:

www.wikipedia.com

www.electronicforu.com

www.allaboutcircuits.com

QUIRES

Our first success team work