electronic fuel injector
TRANSCRIPT
SEMINAR PRESENTATION
ON
ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION
Presented by
Debashish bose
Reg no- 1101298278
Branch- mechanical
Roll no- 14
GUIDED BY
AYUSHMAN NAYAK
LECTURER
DEPT. MECH ENGG.
CONTENT Introduction
Literature Review
History
Types Of Fuel Injection
Components Of Electronic Injection System
Fuel Injector Working
How The Injector Fires
Injector Testing
Injector Cleaning
Digital Twin Spark Swirl Induction (Dts-si)
Advantages
Disadvantages
References
INTRODUCTION Fuel injection is a system for mixing fuel with air in an Internal Combustion
Engine.
It has become the primary fuel delivery system used in gasoline automotive engines, having almost completely replaced carburetors in the late 1980s.
With the advent of electronic fuel injection (EFI), the diesel and gasoline hardware has become similar.
Strict emission standards require precise fuel delivery
Computers used to calculate fuel needs
EFI very precise, reliable & cost effective
EFI provide correct A/F ratio for all loads, speeds, & temp ranges
LITERATURE REVIEW
Automobile Electrical and Electronic Systems(Third edition) by Tom Denton BA, AMSAE, MITRE, Cert.Ed.Associate Lecturer, Open University on Development of the automobile electrical system.
Gasoline Fuel-Injection System K-Jetronic by Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Ulrich Adler, Joachim Kaiser, Berthold Gauder, Leinfelden-Echterdingen targeting to achieve higher fuel economy and lower toxic emissions.
Service Procedures 2379-03-02-02 Copper Sleeve, Unit Injector, Replacement(One) by Volvo Trucks North America Greensboro, NC USA covering the propoer procedure for replacing the copper sleeves for the unit injectors on the Volvo D16F engine.
Service Procedures 2379-03-02-01 Unit Injector, Replacement D16 Engines by Volvo Trucks North America Greensboro, NC USA covering information regarding replacing operation for the engine unit injectors on the Volvo D16 engine.
HISTORY Frederic joined Forward gas engine in 1889 and do experiments in fuel injection.
Fuel injection was in widespread commercial use in diesel engines by mid 1920s. The direct injection was in employed in some notable designs like Benz, BMW.
First gasoline injection system was developed by Bosch and introduced in 1955 in Mercedes Benz-300 SL.
The first commercial electronic fuel injection (EFI) system was Electrojector, developed by the Bendix Corporation and was to be offered by American Motors (AMC) in 1957 .
HISTORY(CONT..) In 1957, Chevrolet introduced a mechanical fuel injection option, made by
General Motors‘.
Chrysler offered Electro injector on specific high performance 1958 models…the 300D, the D500 Arguably the first series cars equipped with an EFI system, but the early electronic components were too slow.
Bosch developed an electronic fuel injection system, called D-Jetronic (D for Druck, the German word for pressure), which was first used on the VW 1600TL in 1967.
Types of Fuel Injection
Direct Injection
Throttle Body Injection
Multi point Fuel Injection
Continuous Injection
Central Port Injection
Central Multi-Port Injection
Low Pressure Injection
Direct Injection(TDI):
In direct injection the fuel injector sprays atomised fuel directly into the main combustion chamber of each cylinder, rather than the pre-combustion chamber prevalent in older diesels which used indirect injection.
The engine is coupled with a turbocharger to increase the amount of air going into the engine cylinders, and an intercooler to lower the temperature (and therefore increase the density) of the air from the turbo, thereby increasing the amount of fuel that can be injected and combusted
Throttle Body Injection (TBI)
First injection unit used
Also known as Snigle Point Injector
One or two injector
One or two of these units are directed at the intake manifold
Multi-point fuel injection: Multi-point fuel injection injects fuel
into the intake port just upstream of the cylinder's intake valve, rather than at a central point within an intake manifold.
One injector per cylinder
Mounts in intake manifold, sprays directly at intake valve
Fired in groups or individually (SFI)
Leaner mixture during warm-up
Continuous injection
In a continuous injection system, fuel flows at all times from the fuel injectors, but at a variable flow rate.
This is in contrast to most fuel injection systems, which provide fuel during short pulses of varying duration, with a constant rate of flow during each pulse.
Continuous injection systems can be multi-point or single-point, but not direct.
Central Port Injection (CPI)
Injector located in center of intake manifold
60 psi system
6 or 8 poppet valves attached to one injector
Central Multi-Port Injection (CMPI)
Similar to CPI
Individual injectors, with poppet valves
LOW PRESSURE FUEL INJECTOR
13-16 psi operating pressure
Ball style pintle
Easily replaceable
Components Of Electronic Injection System
Electronic Parts
Computer (PCM):
logic device.
Sensors :
input data to the computer.
Actuators :
Convert output of the computer into mechanical motion
Mechanical Parts
Fuel tank.
Fuel pump.
Fuel filter and lines.
Injector or injectors.
Fuel rail.
Pressure regulator.
Types of Engine Sensors
Mass airflow sensor
Oxygen sensor
Throttle position sensor
Coolant temperature sensor
Voltage sensor
Manifold absolute pressure sensor
Engine speed sensor
Crank Position Sensor
Cam Angle Sensor
Computer Actuators (Outputs)
Fuel Injectors
Idle Air Control
Fuel Pump Relay
Cooling Fan Relay
Torque Converter
Malfunction Indicator Lamp
HIGH PRESSURE FUEL PUMP
An electric fuel pump.
Equipped with an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).
Increased safety
Fuel Filter and Fuel Lines
Check for impurities
Improve fuel quality
Inline
Fuel Rail
The rail - pipe that fills the injectors.
A pipe (usually resembling a rail) used to deliver fuel to individual fuel injectors.
It is designed to have a pocket or seat for each injector as well as an inlet for a fuel supply.
Fuel Pressure Regulator
Located at end of fuel rail
Maintains constant pressure at injectors
Pressure adjusted for changes in intake manifold vacuum.
Some are mechanical but newer cars use an electronic system
Fuel Pressure Regulator
Poppet Nozzles
Contains a check ball & extension spring
Regulate the flow of fuel into cylinder
Fuel flows when pressure exceeds 40 psi
Ball reseats when pressure drops
ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT
ECU determines precisely how much fuel needs to be delivered by the injector by monitoring the engine sensors.
ECU monitors engine operating parameters via various sensors.
The optimum amount of injected fuel depends on conditions such as engine and ambient temperatures, engine speed and workload, and exhaust gas composition.
Monitoring temperature and other sensors etc.
FUEL INJECTOR WORKING
FUEL INJECTOR WORKING
Electronic Control System
Fuel Delivery System
Air Induction System
Electronic Control System
Comprises of various electronic parts including sensor.
The sensor sends sgnal to the Electronic Control Unit.
The ECU processes all these signal and send appropriate commands to the injectors.
The injector inject fuel as per the command.
Fuel Delivery System
It consist of fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel filter, fuel delivery pipe, fuel injector, fuel pressure regulator and fuel return pipe.
Fuel is delivered from the tank to the injector by means of an electric fuel pump. The pump is typically located in or near the fuel tank.
Fuel is maintained at a constant pressure by means of a fuel pressure regulator.
Air Induction System
The air induction system consists of the air cleaner, air flow meter, throttle valve, air intake chamber, intake manifold runner, and intake valve.
When the throttle valve is opened, air flows through the air cleaner, through the air flow meter (on L type systems), past the throttle valve, and through a well tuned intake manifold runner to the intake valve.
How the Injector Fires
The computer grounds the injector to turn it “pulse” -- “Pulse width”
Pulses timed by crankshaft sensor (CKPS). And/or camshaft sensor (CPS).
Three ways to fire the injectors:
1. Group
2. Gang injection
3. Sequential injection
Injector Testing
Coil Test – Specific current supplied, measures voltage drop
Injector Balance – Inj. Energized for a precise time frame, record fuel pressure drop
Noid lights
Simple test light that plugs into injector connector
Light flashes with each electrical pulse
Periodic cleaning removes varnish & other deposits
Pressurized canister dispenses cleaning solution
Must disconnect fuel pump!
Injector Cleaning
Digital Twin Spark Swirl Induction (DTS-Si):
Like the DTS-i engine, the DTS-Si engine also has 2 Spark Plugs, the timing of which is controlled by a Digital Microprocessor.
The difference between these two engines is the offset position of the inlet and outlet ports of the DTS-Si engine.
This offset position creates turbulence of the air-fuel mixture inside the engine.
Benefits of DTS-Si Technology: This enhances the fuel efficiency of the engine even further.
Advantages
Uniform Air/Fuel Mixture Distribution.
Highly Accurate Air/Fuel Ratio Control Throughout All Engine Operating Conditions.
Excellent Fuel Economy With Improved Emission Control.
Improved Cold Engine Start ability.
Simpler Mechanics, Reduced Adjustment Sensitivity
DISADVANTAGES
Costly. Need regular maintenance. ECU can be hacked.
REFERENCES
“Automobile Electrical and Electronic Systems(Third edition)” by Tom Denton BA, AMSAE, MITRE, Cert.Ed.Associate Lecturer, Open University.
“Gasoline Fuel-Injection System K-Jetronic” by Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Ulrich Adler, Joachim Kaiser, Berthold Gauder, Leinfelden-Echterdingen.
“Service Procedures 2379-03-02-02 Copper Sleeve, Unit Injector, Replacement(One)” by Volvo Trucks North America Greensboro, NC USA.
“Service Procedures 2379-03-02-01 Unit Injector, Replacement D16 Engines” by Volvo Trucks North America Greensboro, NC USA.
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