electrophoresis new1
TRANSCRIPT
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Structure of Agarose
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Polyacrylamide gel
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Electrophoretic mobility in the gel
logE = logE’- KrG
•E- electrophoretic mobility•E’- mobility in sucrose solution•Kr- retardation coefficient•G- Gel concentration
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Solubilizers
• Urea- conc. 3-12M, Disrupt Hydrogen bonds
• SDS- Anionic detergent, imparts negative charge, Disturbs hydrophobic interactions.
• CTAB- Cationic detergent.
• B- mercaptoethanol- Distrubs disulphide linkage
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Electrophoretic Procedure
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Models of Electrophoresis
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Agarose gel electrophoresis
• Structure of Agarose gel• Preparation of gel• Submerged gel electrophoresis• Detection• Fluorescent method for NA.• Staining for proteins
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Structure of Agarose Gel
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PAGE
• Structure of gel
• Components of gel
• Electrophoretic run
• Detection
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Discontinuous PAGE
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Applications
• Separation of proteins• DNA Sequencing• Western Blotting• Determination of molecular weight of proteins
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Isoelectric Focussing
• Introduction• Principle• Establishing the pH gradient- carrier
ampholytes• Stabilization against Convection• Procedure• Separation of protein from carrier ampholytes• Applications
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Determination of isoelectric Point of a protein
• Measure the mobility of the protein at several pH values.
• Plot mobility values against the pH values.
• Plot intercept at zero mobility.
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Establishing the pH gradient- carrier ampholytes
• Isomers and homologs of aliphatic polyamino polycarboxylic acids.
• R- N-(CH2)n- N - (CH2)n- COOH
Where R- (CH2)n- COOH, H• n- less than 5
• Ex.- ampholine, Pharmalyte, Bio-lyte.
• Used in 1% concentration
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Properties
• Carrier ampholytes must dictate the pH course, should have a certain buffering capacity at their isoelectric point.
• Should have a conductance at their isoelectric point.• Low molecular weight.• Should be soluble in water.
• Should have law absorption at 280nm.
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Stabilization against convection
1)Density Gradient- • Uncharged solutes dissolvable in water• Should not react with proteins, low metal content, high purity• Ex.- sucrose- 50% , up to pH 10.protective action on protein.• Glycerol, ficoll, sorbitol, ethylene glycol, dextran
2)Gel- as anticonvectant, 7.5% acrylamide• High molecular weight protein- .5%
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3) Zone convection
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Procedure- Column- density gradient Plate- polyacrylamide gel
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Separation of protein from carrier ampholytes
• Avg. mol.wt of ampholyte- 800D, • Avg. mol.wt of protein- 10000D
• Method of separation –
1) Dialysis – 99% efficient, Slow process
2) Gel filtration – Sephadex G-50
3) Ammonium sulphate precipitation
4)Ion exchange chromatography
5) Partition chromatography
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Applications
• Separation and identification of serum proteins.
• Used in food and agricultural industries.
• Forensic & human genetics labs
• Research in enzymology, immunology & membrane biochemistry
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Two dimensional electrophoresis
• Combination of isoelectric focussing & SDS-PAGE.
• Can resolve 5000 proteins in individual bands.
• Uses isoelectric pH and molecular weight combination
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