elektrik makineleri 2 - senkron makineler - mustafa turan ders notları

8/9/2019 Elektrik Makineleri 2 - Senkron Makineler - Mustafa Turan Ders Notları

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Hnhktrak Ilkamhnhra AA - S:4 – Dr.Iustlel Turlm 0<

5.

SHMKRGM ILKĺMLNLR

5.


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02 Hnhktrak Ilkamhnhra AA - S:4 – Dr.Iustlel Turlm

0.

SHMKRGM ILKĺMLNLRAM QLZASA UH ÀLNAŝIL ZRHMSĺBĺ

0.


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Hnhktrak Ilkamhnhra AA - S:4 – Dr.Iustlel Turlm 03

`hmnaėa dhėaŗihyhm bu dgėru lnlm, rgtgrum (kutup thkhrnhėa) dõmdþrþnihsa anh flrhkht

hdhrhk stltgrdlka anhtkhmnhra khshr vh bu anhtkhmnhrdh `hranai hmdþknhr. @hmhrltõr

aŗnhtihsama làļknlylm bu àlnļŗildl, dgėru lkļi anh uylrtļniļŗ kutup thkhrnhėamh

(rgtgr) ihklmak hmhroa vhranap, stltgrdlm hnhktrak hmhroasa (lnthrmltae lkļi) hndh hdanar.

Rgtgrum dõmdþrþnihsa surhtaynh `hmnaėa dhėaŗihyhm vh flrhkht htihyhm lnlm dõmhr

lnlm flnamh `hnar. ŝlyht stltgrdlka àgk elznļ lnthrmltae lkļi slr`ļsļml àgk elznļ

lnthrmltae lkļi uyùnlmļrsl, stltgrdl dõmhr bar ilmyhtak lnlm gnuŗur. Bu lnlmļm fļzļ;

me

ps

5: <

gnur. Kutup thkhrnhėamam dgėru lkļi anh uylrtļniļŗ vh bar dļŗ tlfrak lrlcļ anh ms dhvramh

`htaranap shrbhst bļrlkļndļėļ dþŗþmþnþrsh (bu gnlyl shmkrgmnlil dhmar), stltgr vh rgtgr

lnlmnlrļ barbaramh khmhtnhmhchk vh rgtgr stltgru ms fļzļmdl tlkap hdhchktar. Bu tlkapth

rgtgr bar dļŗ erhm ilkamlsļ anh lz iaktlrdl yþknhmhchk gnursl, rgtgrum S kutbu

khmhtnhmiaŗ gnduėu stltgrum M kutbumdlm kþàþk bar làļ elrkļ anh `hradh klnļr. Bu

igtgr àlnļŗildļr vh dlfl sgmrl yþk làļsļ gnlrlk tlmļinlmlclk gnlm yþk làļsļmļm

mh`ltae gnlclėļmļ `õsthrar (rgtgr `hradhm `hnihkthdar).

@hmhrltõrdh ash durui thrsamhdar. Rgtgr lnlmļ, stltgrdl yþk lkļinlrļmļm gnuŗturduėu

dõmhr lnlmdlm anhradhdar. _arl rgtgrdlm vhranhm ihklmak `þà, stltgrdlm àhkanhm

hnhktrak `þcþ erhmnhmar. Dgnlyļsļ anh, lymhm igtgrdl gnduėu àba, rgtgrum bhnarna bar

igihmt anh tlfrak hdandaėa dþŗþmþnþrsh, stltgrdlm àhkanhm hnhktrak `þcþ lrttļkàl stltgr

lnlmļ kutup thkhrnhėa lnlmļm `hrasamdh klnlclktļr. Bu mhdhmnh yþk làļsļ =: gnlclktļr.

0.3.

Stltgr Qlpļsļ

Stltgr vh stltgrdl bunumlm àgk elznļ hmdþva slr`ļsļ ylpļ atablrļ anh lymļ lshmkrgm

ilkamldlka àbadar (bkz. Kļsļi< - Bõnþi


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Ilkaml `þcþ lrttļkàl, lkļiļm vh dgnlyļsļ anh klyļpnlrļm lrtililsļ aàam stltgr i


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Tlfrak ilkamlsļ, Erlmcas vhyl Klpnlm tþrbama (Fadrgnak slmtrlnnlr) gnduėumdl yþkshk

vhraina dhvar slyļnlrļ 5: - 3:: dhv / dlk lrlsļmdldļr. (0.


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0.4.2. Àļkļk kutupnu rgtgr

ŝhkan 0.2 Kutup àhkardhėa, àļkļk kutup, igmtlonlmiļŗ rgtgr vh ligrtasõr slr`ļnlrļ

ŝhkan 0.3 l) Àļkļk kutup vh hmdþvamam hėranak ylrļàlpnlrļmļm elrknļnļėļ b) Àļkļk kutubl lat àhvrhshn ilmyhtak hmdþksaygm dlėļnļiļ

Flvl lrlnļėļ hmdþksaygmumum samþsgadln dlėļnilsļ aàam kutup blŗnlrļml õzhn ŗhkannhr

vhranar (ŝhkan 0.3). Hmdþksaygmdl bunumlbanhchk yþkshk flrigmak dõmhr lnlmnlrļ vh

ihklmak tatrhŗainhra blstļrilk aàam kutup blŗnlrļml làļnlm gnuknlrl kļsl dhvrh


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ligrtasõr slr`ļsļ yhrnhŗtaranar vh bu slr`ļnlr àhvrh bgyumcl kļsl dhvrh flnklnlrļ a nh

barnhŗtaranar (samclp klehsna lshmkrgm igtgrnlrdlka `aba). Àļkļk kutupnu ilkamlnlrdl

flvl lrlnļėļ kutup tlksailtļmļm

<

8:

<

5:anh ‖ļ kldlrdļr.

Àļkļk kutupnlr àhvrhsamh slrļnlm uylril slr`ļnlrļ lrlnlrļmdl shra blėnlmļndļktlm sgmrl,

iandhm azgnh hdaniaŗ banhzak -eļràl dþzhma anh lyrļ bar thriamln kutusuml àļklrtļnļr vh A -

K flrenhra anh ldnlmdļrļnļrnlr.

0.4.3. Quvlrnlk rgtgr

ŝhkan 0.4 l) Quvlrnlk rgtgrnu bar shmkrgm ilkamlmļm uylril slr`ļsļml lat kuvvht àaz`anhra dlėļnļŗļ

b) Bõynh bar kutup thkhrnhėamh lat iik hėrasa

ŝhkan 0.8 Gnuk lrlnļknlrļ barbaramdhm elrknļ yuvlrnlk kutup thkhrnhėa

Quvlrnlk rgtgrnu `hmhrltõr àgėumnuknl 3::: dhv / dlk yldl blzhm 3


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ailn hdanap flssls bar blnlms lylrļml tlbaa tutunur. Sanasna slàtlm ylpļnlm rgtgrnlrdl

vlrdļr.

Samþsgadln hmdþksaygm dlėļnļiļmļm slėnlmilsļ aàam rgtgrum 2/3 slrļnļp


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6.

SHMKRGM ILKĺMLDL HMDÞUĺ RHLKSĺQGMX

Shmkrgm ilkamlmļm hmdþvasamdh þrhtanhm lnthrmltae `hranai bar yþkþ bhsnhdaėamdhm

dgnlyļ, yþkþm klrlkthra ilkamlmļm dlvrlmļŗnlrļml htka hdhr. Qþkþm klrlkthra lkļi anh

`hranai lrlsļmdlka elz elrkļml blėnļdļr. Elz elrkļ; lkļiļm `hranaih iuklyhsh anh dlfl

õmch vhyl dlfl sgmrl ilksaiuil hraŗihsa anh grtlyl àļklr. Lkļiļm `hranaih `õrh

pgzatae elzõr dõmþŗ yõmþmh `õrh `hra klnilsļ hmdþktae ( > :), anhra `atihsa klplsatae

( = :), lymļ elzdl gnilsļ ash ( 9 :) giak yþk gnlrlk tlrae hdanar. Hmdþktae yþk _ 9 R

+ o VN, klplsatae yþk _ 9 R - o VC vh giak yþk ash _9R anh vhranar. Bu yþknhrh uy`um

lkļinlr, `hranai rhehrlms lnļmlrlk (U:) ylzļnļrsl;

AR 9U

R ,

AU

R VN

N

2 2

- , AU

R VC

N

2 2

+

gnur. Hmdþktae yþkth; 9 lrct` (V

R

N ), klplsatae yþkth; 9 lrct` (V

R

C ) giak yþkth;

9 : gnur.

Bu aeldhnhrdhm yþk lkļiļ anh thriamln `hranai elzõrnhra lrlsļmdlka anaŗkanhr ŝhkan

6. :

ŝhkan 6.< Giak, klplsatae vh hmdþktae yþknhrdh U-A elzõrnhra

ŝaida àļkļk kutupnu shmkrgm ilkamlmļm hmdþvasamdhkadhka slr`ļnlrdlm elrknļ

UU U

A A A


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6: Hnhktrak Ilkamhnhra AA - S:4 – Dr.Iustlel Turlm

klrlkthrdh yþk lkļinlrļmļm `hàtaėama dþŗþmhrhk, ilkaml aàhrasamdhka iik

dhėaŗainhrama `hmhrltõr vh igtgr aŗnhtih duruinlrļ aàam amchnhyhnai.

6.


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yļėļnilnlr vh dgyilnlr gnuŗturur (ŝhkan 6.3).

ŝhkan 6.3 Shmkrgm `hmhrltõrdh hmdþva rhlksaygmu sgmucumdl lkļmļm yõm dhėaŗtarihsaynh kutuplylknlrļmdl gnuŗlm lkļ yļėļnil vh shyrhknhŗihnhra

Qļėļnilnlr dgyilyl mhdhm gnlclėļmdlm dgnlyļ, lkļdlm tli astaeldh hdanhihz. Bu

mhdhmnh giak yþknþ àlnļŗildl, `hmhrltõr thriamln `hranaiamdh lz iaktlrdl dþŗih

gnur. El ‖mļm Ee ‖yh 1:: dak gnilsļmdlm dgnlyļ, giak yþknþ hmdþva lnlmļml hmamh lnlm

dhmar. Bu àlnļŗil duruiumdl, kutup lylknlrļmdlka (lz iaktlrdl) yļėļnilnlr

mhdhmaynh kutup lnlmļ hmdþva lnlmļ tlrleļmdlm lz iaktlrdl zlyļenltļnļr (ŝhkan 6.2).

6.


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Quklrļdlka mhdhmnhrdhm dgnlyļ lrtlm hmdþktae yþk lkļiļ anh (õzhnnaknh 9 1:: ash)

`hmhrltõrþm thriamln `hranaia lŗļrļ dhrhchdh dþŗhr. Qlma hmdþktae lnlmļ hsls kutup

lnlmļmļ kuvvhtnach zlyļenltļr.

6.


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E E Sam

E E Cgs

E E E

E E E

ld l

lq l

d e ld

e lq

ŝhkan 6.5 Hmdþktae àlnļŗlm shmkrgm igtgrdl hmdþva rhlksaygmu

Kgnlycl `õsthranhbanar ka, klplsatae igtgr aŗnhtihsamdhka rhlksaygm, hmdþktae

`hmhrltõr aŗnhtihsamdhka hmdþva rhlksaygmuml bhmzhr gnup, ŗaddhtnh zlyļenltļcļ htkayh

slfaptar. Giak igtgrdlka durui ash giak `hmhrltõrdhka anh lymļdļr (Fleae zlyļenlil).

M

S

El .

+

Ee

d

ms

q

d

El

Elq

E

qEld

Ed

Ee


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1.

SHMKRGM ILKĺMLMAM HŝDHĝHR DHURHSĺ

1.


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barbaramh hŗat gnduėu klbun hdansh banh, ilkamlmļm hnhktrgilmyhtak sasthi gnlm

ylpļsļmļ hnhktrakshn bar dhvrh (hŗdhėhr dhvrh) anh thisan htihk, ilkamlmļm

phregrilmsļmļm vh aà dhėaŗkhmnhramam amchnhmihsamdh bþyþk kgnlynļk slėnlr. Lmclk

bu slyhdh ilkamlyl anaŗkam àõzþinhr kgnlynļknl hndh hdanar. Àgk elznļ vh elznlrļ

saihtrak gnlm bar ilkamlmļm bar elzļmļm thisana anh hŗdhėhr dhvrh hndh hdanar. Tþi

fhslpnlr õmchnaknh bar elz aàam ylpļnļr vh dlfl sgmrl àgk elznļ sasthih `hàanar.

Hmdþva anh kutup thkhrnhėa elrknļ aka slr`ļ tlŗļdļknlrļ `aba, bu slr`ļnlrdlm `hàhm

lkļinlrdl klrlkthr yõmþynh elrknļdļrnlr. Bõynhch ilkamldl aka dhėaŗak lnlm

ihvcuttur. Bu lnlmnlr lrlsļmdlka anaŗkanhr hmdþva rhlksaygmumu dgėurur. Bõynhnaknh

ilkamldl banhŗkh bar lnlm sõz kgmusu gnur. G flndh bu aka slr`ļyļ grtlk gnlrlk

klvrlylm bu lkļ zamcarnhihsa l , hmdþvadhm `hàhm lkļi mhtachsamdh grtlyl àļktļėļ

aàam bar õz hmdþktlms tlrae htihsa `hrhkar.

l 9 Nl A


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Þà elznļ bar ilkamldl, kutup slr`ļsļ vh hmdþva slr`ļnlrļmļ ŝhkan 1.


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.

H H H

H A R o A V U

e l

l

< <


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Z A R cue e e 2

gnur. Banamdaėa þzhrh lnthrmltae lkļidl bþyþknþknhr elzõrshn bþyþknþknhr gnup,

aànhramdh làļnlrļmļ dl blrļmdļrļrnlr. U< rhehrlms elzõr lnļmļrsl ;

U U< < :

A A<


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8 – V klàlk rhlktlmsļ vh Vl hmdþva rhlksaygmumum rhlktlmsļmļm banamdaėa klbun

hdanarsh (dlfl sgmrl blfshdanhchktar) giak, hmdþktae vh klplsatae àlnļŗlm `hmhrltõrþm

elzõr dayl`rlinlrļ lŗlėļdlka `aba àazanar.

1.3.


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1: Hnhktrak Ilkamhnhra AA - S:4 – Dr.Iustlel Turlm

E > Ee

H > He hmdþva rhlksaygmu kutup lnlmļm kuvvhtnh

zlyļenltļcļ htka ylpļygr

ŝhkan 1.4 Hmdþktae àlnļŗlm shmkrgm `hmhrltõrþm elzõr dayl`rlinlrļ (`hranai vh iik elzõrnhra)

1.3.


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E > Ee

H > He hmdþva rhlksaygmu kutup lnlmļmļ

zlyļenltļcļ htka ylpļygr

ŝhkan 1.5 Giak àlnļŗlm igtgrum elzõr dayl`rlinlrļ (`hranai vh iik elzõrnhra)

1.3.2.2. Hmdþktae àlnļŗlm igtgr

ŝaida >: lnlrlk yuklrļdl blfshdanhm ldļinlrļ uy`unlrslk ŝhkan 1.0‑dh `õrþnhm elzõr

dayl`rli hndh hdanar.

E = Ee

H = He hmdþva rhlksaygmu kutup lnlmļmļ

lrttļrļcļ htka ylpļygr

ŝhkan 1.0 Hmdþktae àlnļŗlm igtgrum elzõr dayl`rlinlrļ (`hranai vh iik elzõrnhra)

Hmdþktae àlnļŗlm igtgrdlka hmdþva rhlksaygmumum htkasa, klplsatae `hmhrltõrdhkamh

bhmzhr gnlrlk chrhylm hdhr vh kutup lnlmļmļ lrttļrļcļ yõmdhdar.

1.3.2.3. Klplsatae àlnļŗlm igtgr

ŝaida =: lnlrlk yuklrļdl blfshdanhm ldļinlrļ uy`unlrslk ŝhkan 1.6‑dh `õrþnhm elzõr

dayl`rli hndh hdanar.

oA


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E > Ee

H > He hmdþva rhlksaygmu kutup lnlmļmļ

lzlntļcļ htka ylpļygr

ŝhkan 1.6 Klplsatae àlnļŗlm igtgrum elzõr dayl`rlinlrļ (`hranai vh iik elzõrnhra)

Klplsatae àlnļŗlm igtgrdlka hmdþva rhlksaygmumum htkasa, hmdþktae `hmhrltõrdhkamh

bhmzhr gnlrlk chrhylm hdhr vh kutup lnlmļmļ lzlntļcļ yõmdhdar.

1.4. Àļkļk Kutupnu Shmkrgm Ilkamlmļm Hŗdhėhr Dhvrhsa vh Dhmknhinhra

ŝhkan 1.1 Àļkļk kutupnu ilkamldl flvl lrlnļėļ elrknļnļknlrļ

Kutup thkhrnhėa anh hmdþva lrlsļmdlka flvl lrlnļėļ d hkshmamdh iamaiui; iam

(burldl flvl lrlnļėļmļ `õsthrihkthdar), q hkshmamdh ash ilksaiui; ilx ‖dļr.

Dgnlyļsļ anh d hkshmamdhka ilmyhtak darhmà d iamaiui, d lkļsļ ash ilksaiui

gnur. Daėhr tlrletlm q hkshmamdhka flvl bgŗnuėu (ilx ) ilksaiui gnduėumdlm

ilmyhtak darhmà dh ilksaiui (q), q lkļsļ dl iamaiui gnur.

=:;klp.,

>:;

igtgr

+

oA


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N A thihn blėļmtļsļmdlm N 9

A gnur.

Banamdaėa þzhrh, bþyþk gnduėumdl N vh làļsln fļzdl `õz õmþmh lnļmdļėļmdl

V N rhlktlmsļ bþyþk gnlclk, ilkaml slbat bar `hranai þrhtaygrsl (yldl slbat bar

`hranaih bhsnhmiaŗ ash) slr`ļnlrļmdlm iamaiui lkļi `hàhchktar. Lksa flndh, ylma

kþàþk gnduėumdl ash N vh V kþàþk gnlclk, dgnlyļsļ anh slr`ļdlm `hàhm lkļi õmchka

duruil ̀ õrh bþyþk gnlclktļr.

Bu anaŗkanhr mhtachsamdh ; shmkrgm ilkamlmļm bgyuml hkshmamdh bþyþk gnlm d bgbam

lkļsļ, bumum tlmļinlylclėļ bþyþk rhlktlms vh kþàþk lkļi dl ;

NAld

ld

d

<

, V Nld ld

aeldhnhrama tlmļinlr. Dlfl kþàþk gnlm hmamh hkshm lkļsļ; lq vh gmum mhdhm gnlclėļ

kþàþk rhlktlms vh bþyþk lkļidlm ;

NAlq

lq

q

<

, V Nlq lq

aeldhnhra hndh hdanar. 1.2< vh 1.22 ĺeldhnhramdh elrknļ hkshmnhr aàam gnuŗlclk V ld, Vlq

hmdþva rhlksaygmu rhlktlmsnlrļ, an`ana lkļinlr anh barnakth hmdþva rhlksaygmu

`hranainhrama (elrknļ hkshmnhrdh; hnhktrakshn gnlrlk 1: elz elrknļ) gnuŗturur. Bu

`hranainhr?

Hlq 9 oA


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ŝaida 1.23 vh 1.24‖dhm hndh hdanhm hmdþva rhlksaygmu `hranainhrama dhėhrnhmdarhrhk,

ŝhkan 1.2‖dh vhranhm yuvlrnlk kutupnu ilkamlmļm hŗdhėhr dhvrhsama àļkļk kutupnu

shmkrgm ilkaml aàam dþzhmnhyhnai (ŝhkan 1.


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1.8. Àļkļk Kutupnu Shmkrgm Ilkamlmļm Elzõr Dayl`rliļ

1.20l vh 1.26l mgnu aeldhnhrdhm ygnl àļklrlk, U


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1.8.


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1.8.2. Àļkļk kutupnu shmkrgm igtgrum elzõr dayl`rlinlrļ

1.8 Blfsamdh azlf hdandaėa `aba, U< elzõrþ rhehrlms lnļmļp, 1.26l mgnu aeldh

slėnlmlclk ŗhkandh elzõr dayl`rlinlr hndh hdanar

1.8.2.


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1.8.2.3. Klplsatae àlnļŗlm igtgr

H He Hmdþva lnlmļ kutup lnlmļmļ zlyļenltļcļ

htka ylpilktldļr

ŝhkan 1. :

igtgr

oA


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Hnhktrak Ilkamhnhra AA - S:4 – Dr.Iustlel Turlm


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Shmkrgm Ilkamhnhr :4 Dgsylsļml Hk – Lrŗ.@õr.Blrļŗ Chvfhr


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fļzļml hraŗar, ylma shmkrgm dhvarh unlŗļr. Shmkrgm ilkamh ŗhbhkhdhm hmhroa àhkhrhk

shmkrgm igtgr gnlrlk àlnļŗļr vh ygn vhrih aŗnhia tlilinlmļr.

Burldl ygn vhrih aŗnhiamdh shmkrgm igtgru sþrihk aàam Shrbhst Xylrtļinļ DL

Igtgru kunnlmļniļŗtļr.

Tlrtļŗil Kgmusu? Shmkrgm igtgru bar ylrdļicļ igtgrnl sþrhrhk ygn vhrihk aàam bar

lshmkrgm igtgr kunnlmļnlbanar ia7 Hėhr bu aŗ aàam bar lshmkrgm igtgr kunnlmļnlclksl

`hrhkna ls`lra ŗlrtnlr mh gnilnļdļr7 Làļknlyļmļz…

elektrik makineleri 2 - senkron makineler - mustafa turan ders notları

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